| methane fermentation of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) latex effluent. | four species of bacteria capable of ch4 fermentation of rubber latex effluent were isolated and identified as a methanococcus, a strain of m. vannielii, a methanobacterium and a strain of m. omelianskii. auxanographic tests using the four strains showed growth and ch4 formation on a basal medium containing mineral salts or added h2 and co2. varied response was obtained when the basal medium was added to formate, acetate, butyrate, methanol, ethanol, and glucose. previous work has established aci ... | 1976 | 1252994 |
| characterization of latex antigens and allergens in surgical gloves and natural rubber by immunoelectrophoretic methods. | allergy to natural rubber (latex) products is increasingly frequent among both medical personnel and lay subjects. although individual antigens and allergens in latex products have not been fully characterized, they are believed to derive from the sap of the rubber tree. rabbit igg and human ige antibodies against rubber proteins were used to characterize antigens and allergens in surgical latex gloves and natural rubber by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and its modifications. the results from cr ... | 1992 | 1500627 |
| characterization of cdna and genomic clones encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase from hevea brasiliensis. | hevea brasiliensis is the major producer of natural rubber which is cis-1,4-polyisoprene. the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) is involved in the biosynthesis of rubber and other plant products. we have used a hamster hmgr cdna clone as a heterologous hybridization probe to isolate and characterize cdna and genomic clones of hmgr from h. brasiliensis. sequence analysis revealed that these clones fall into two different classes, hmgr1 and hmgr2. comparison of the two ... | 1991 | 1714317 |
| [historical reflections on health protection and the condom]. | the condom was first mentioned in a 1564 writing by gabriel fallopius as a means of protection against syphilis describing his tests on 1100 people. the name itself has been ascribed to the latin word condere, cum domino, the french city of condom, and doctor quondom, the physician of the english king charles ii. the marquis de sade and casanova used it to avoid venereal diseases (vds). in london condom manufacturing started in the 18th century. later it became a symbol of prostitution and i ... | 1991 | 1758695 |
| co- and post-translational processing of the hevein preproprotein of latex of the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis) | hevein is a chitin-binding protein of 43 amino acids found in the lutoid body-enriched fraction of rubber tree latex. a hevein cdna clone (hev1) (broekaert, w., lee, h.-i., kush, a., nam, c.-h., and raikhel, n. (1990) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 87, 7633-7637) encodes a putative signal sequence of 17 amino acids followed by a polypeptide of 187 amino acids. interestingly, this polypeptide has two distinct domains: an amino-terminal domain of 43 amino acids, corresponding to mature hevein, and ... | 1991 | 1874741 |
| the primary structure of hevamine, an enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity from hevea brasiliensis latex. | the primary structure of hevamine, an enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity from hevea brasiliensis latex, has been determined predominantly with conventional non-automatic methods. the positions of three disulfide bridges have been determined. the sequence has about 60% identity with that of a chitinase from cucumber and 95% with the n-terminal sequence of the lysozyme/chitinase of parthenocissus quinquefolia. the half-cystine residues in hevein and cucumber chitinase are located at identical ... | 1991 | 1879417 |
| wound-induced accumulation of mrna containing a hevein sequence in laticifers of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). | hevein is a chitin-binding protein that is present in laticifers of the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). a cdna clone (hev1) encoding hevein was isolated by using the polymerase chain reaction with mixed oligonucleotides corresponding to two regions of hevein as primers and a hevea latex cdna library as a template. hev1 is 1018 base pairs long and includes an open reading frame of 204 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal sequence of 17 amino acid residues foll ... | 1990 | 2217194 |
| nutritive value of rubber seed (hevea brasiliensis) meal: utilization by growing pigs of semipurified diets in which rubber seed meal partially replaced soybean meal. | thirty-six four-way cross (chester white x landrace x large white x yorkshire) growing barrows and gilts were used to investigate the effects of replacing graded levels of protein from soybean meal with equivalent levels of protein from rubber seed meal in 16% cp semipurified diets on the performance characteristics, hematocrit, plasma metabolites and n utilization of pigs. the first diet (control) was largely cornstarch-soybean meal in which the soybean meal supplied all of the cp. in other die ... | 1990 | 2312430 |
| crystallization of hevamine, an enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity from hevea brasiliensis latex. | hevamine, an enzyme with both lysozyme and chitinase activity, was isolated and purified from hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) latex. the enzyme (molecular weight 29,000) is homologous to certain "pathogenesis-related" proteins from plants, but not to hen egg-white or phage t4 lysozyme. to investigate the atomic details of the substrate specificity and the cause for hevamine's low ph optimum (ph 4.0), we have crystallized two hevamine isozymes as a first step towards a high-resolution x-ray stru ... | 1990 | 2325127 |
| effects of energy supplementation on lamb production of javanese thin-tail ewes. | a 3-yr study was conducted in north sumatra, indonesia, as part of an evaluation of the feasibility of integrating sheep and rubber production. the objective was to evaluate the effects of increasing energy supplementation on reproduction and other performance criteria of javanese thin-tail sheep grazing volunteer forages under 8- and 14-yr-old rubber trees. the control group was unsupplemented. the medium group was supplemented with high-energy feeds at 1% of the flock body weight, with the low ... | 1990 | 2384376 |
| [epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in bolivia. 2. transmission patterns]. | in bolivia the transmission of tegumentary leishmaniasis due to leishmania (v.) braziliensis depends both on environmental factors and human activities. in the yungas, transmission takes place in the houses during the night. the vector is lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi le pont & desjeux, which enters the houses after 10 p.m. and leaves them before 6 a.m. this transmission pattern explains why men and women are equally infected, generally before 10 years old. some more adults are infected very lik ... | 1989 | 2629644 |
| a pragmatic approach to improving small ruminant diets in the indonesian humid tropics. | research conducted since 1980 on the nutrition and feeding of kacang goats and javanese thintail sheep for meat production in indonesia is reviewed. feeding practices in three villages were monitored, along with animal production criteria, to better understand the limitations imposed by feed resource availability. village and experiment station data showed that native or cultivated tropical grasses fed alone did not support growth of young goats and that lambs fed napier grass alone grew at no m ... | 1989 | 2687217 |
| rubber elongation by farnesyl pyrophosphate synthases involves a novel switch in enzyme stereospecificity. | a prenyltransferase purified from the commercial rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis, that elongates existing cis-polyisoprene rubber molecules also catalyzes the formation of all trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate (t,t-fpp) from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (dmapp) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (ipp). in assays of the latter activity trans-geranyl pyrophosphate is the only other product identified. in contrast to this limited addition of ipp to dmapp, we measured 7000 additions of isoprene per rubber mole ... | 1989 | 2808389 |
| amino acid sequence of rubber elongation factor protein associated with rubber particles in hevea latex. | the amino acid sequence of rubber elongation factor, a recently discovered protein tightly bound to rubber particles isolated from the commercial rubber tree hevea brasiliensis, is presented. the role of this protein in rubber elongation and its interaction with prenyltransferase and rubber particles have been discussed in the preceding paper in this series (dennis, m. s., and light, d. r. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 18608-18617). trypsin, staphylococcus protease, chymotrypsin, acetic acid, and h ... | 1989 | 2808390 |
| polycystic hydatid disease (echinococcus vogeli): clinical and radiological manifestations and treatment with albendazole of a patient from the brazilian amazon region. | we present a case of polycystic hydatid disease produced by echinococcus vogeli in a tapper of rubber trees from the state of acre, brazil. the most relevant clinical data were pain, increased abdominal volume caused by palpable painful masses, fever and poor clinical condition. laboratory tests showed anemia, eosinophilia, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase. computerized tomography revealed diffuse cysts throughout the peritoneal cavity u ... | 1986 | 3435266 |
| [inhibition by atp of malate dehydrogenase, of alcohol dehydrogenase and of lactate dehydrogenase of hevea brasiliensis latex]. | | 1968 | 4295694 |
| an investigation into the role of malonyl-coenzyme a in isoprenoid biosynthesis. | 1. [(14)c]malonyl-coa was incorporated into isoprenoids by cell-free yeast preparations, by preparations from pigeon and rat liver, and by hevea brasiliensis latex. 2. in agreement with previous reports the incorporation of acetyl-coa into isoprenoids was not inhibited by avidin and was not stimulated by hco(3) (-). in a cell-free yeast preparation addition of hco(3) (-) stimulated the formation of fatty acids from acetyl-coa and decreased the incorporation into unsaponifiable lipids. 3. the lab ... | 1973 | 4579226 |
| [evaluation of chemical and nutritional characteristics of the seed of the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis)]. | some chemical and nutritional characteristics of the rubber seed hevea brasiliensis were studied. the protein content, its amino acid composition as well as the iron, calcium, phosphorus and cyanide (free and bound) concentrations, were determined in the dehulled seed. the effect of soaking, cooking, soaking-cooking and cooking-fat extraction procedure of the seed on the cyanide content and its in vivo protein utilization, was also evaluated. the protein quality was biologically assessed using t ... | 1983 | 6679249 |
| measurement of protein in natural rubber latex. | latex from the brazilian rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis) is the source of virtually all commercial natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene). products made from natural rubber latex include gloves, condoms, and hundreds of different medical devices. however, recent reports of widespread life-threatening latex-associated type i allergies have focused attention on latex proteins as serious allergens. in this paper, we describe a method that permits accurate and reproducible determination of protein i ... | 1995 | 7485983 |
| characterisation of hever, a novel stress-induced gene from hevea brasiliensis. | a novel stress-induced gene, hever (hevea ethylene-responsive) from the rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis, has been isolated and characterised. hever is encoded by a multigene family. the hever transcript is expressed at basal levels in hevea tissues and is developmentally regulated. in addition, the hever transcript and protein are induced by stress treatment with salicylic acid and ethephon. sequence analysis shows that hever encodes a 33 kda protein that has significant homology to the hypothet ... | 1995 | 7579163 |
| the interaction of hevein with n-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides. solution structure of hevein complexed to chitobiose. | the three-dimensional structure of hevein, a small protein isolated from the latex of hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), in water solution has been obtained by using 1h-nmr spectroscopy and dynamic simulated annealing calculations. the average root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) of the best 20 refined structures generated using diana prior to simulated annealing was 0.092 nm for the backbone atoms and 0.163 nm for all heavy atoms (residues 3-41). the specific interaction of hevein with n-acetylgluc ... | 1995 | 7607237 |
| detection of ige antibodies to latex allergens in human serum. | reports indicate increasing incidence of type i allergic reactions to latex allergens. the proteins that act as allergens and produce such allergic reactions are found in the natural latex sap of hevea brasiliensis. all those who are exposed to latex products, particularly healthcare workers, are potentially at risk. the lack of qualified allergen extracts makes it difficult to perform skin testing on individuals who are at high risk. therefore, a reliable in vitro test system for the detection ... | 1995 | 7634785 |
| precipitation of hevea brasiliensis latex proteins with trichloroacetic acid and phosphotungstic acid in preparation for the lowry protein assay. | many proteins derived from the latex of hevea brasiliensis that remain soluble in trichloroacetic acid (tca) can be precipitated by phosphotungstic acid (pta). a combination of 5% tca and 0.2% pta precipitates a wide range of proteins effectively even when they are present in low concentrations (below 1 microgram ml-1). in addition to its protein purification function, acid precipitation also increases the sensitivity of the subsequent protein assay by allowing the test sample to be concentrated ... | 1995 | 7785777 |
| regulation of a hevein-like gene in arabidopsis. | an arabidopisis cdna clone was isolated that encodes a protein similar to the antifungal chitin-binding protein hevein from rubber tree latex. this hevein-like (hel) mrna was inducible by either turnip crinkle virus infection or ethylene treatment. in addition, expression was moderately inducible by treatment with the resistance-inducing compounds salicylic acid and 2,6-dichlorisonicotinic acid. the 786-bp cdna contains an open reading frame of 212 codons. the deduced amino acid sequence contain ... | 1993 | 8118053 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression of mn-superoxide dismutase from the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). | a genomic clone encoding manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (sod; ec 1.15.1.1) was isolated from a hevea brasiliensis genomic library made in lambda phage embl3 by using a heterologous cdna probe of mnsod from nicotiana plumbaginifolia. the nucleotide sequence of 4968 bp from the genomic clone was determined. based on the putative translation initiation codon and stop codon, pcr primers were designed and utilized for cloning the full-length cdna from total mrna. of the two distinct cdnas ... | 1993 | 8219064 |
| respiratory allergy to the pollen of mercurialis annua (euphorbiaceae). | we have described ten cases of respiratory allergy to the pollen of mercurialis annua in the area of bordighera (riviera dei fiori) on the italian mediterranean coast. the incidence of sensitivity is only 0.9% in a population of 1081 patients with pollinosis. since the euphorbiaceae family (spurges) contains strongly sensitizing allergens (eg, seeds of ricinus communis and latex of hevea brasiliensis) our findings raise the possibility that respiratory allergy to the pollens of mercurialis annua ... | 1993 | 8452320 |
| prohevein is poorly processed but shows enhanced resistance to a chitin-binding fungus in transgenic tomato plants. | in latex of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis), prohevein, homologous to potato win gene-encoded proteins, is processed to yield mature hevein. this mature hevein is composed of one chitin-binding domain and the c-terminal polypeptide homologous to pathogenesis-related proteins such as tobacco pr-4 and tomato p2 proteins. in contrast, prohevein was poorly cleaved to form the c-terminal polypeptide in transgenic tomato plants expressing hevein gene (hev1)-driven polypeptides. however, mature hevein ... | 1995 | 8580864 |
| molecular cloning of the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from hevea brasiliensis. functional expression in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of an active site residue. | the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) from leaves of hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) was cloned by an immunoscreening and sequenced. hnl from h. brasiliensis is involved in the biodegradation of cyanogenic glycosides and also catalyzes the stereospecific synthesis of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic cyanohydrins, which are important as precursors for pharmaceutical compounds. the open reading frame identified in a 1. 1-kilobase cdna fragment codes for a protein of ... | 1996 | 8621461 |
| cloning and characterization of cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase from rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). | commercially used natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is a secondary metabolite of the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). previous studies have shown the involvement of a prenyl transferase in the final steps of natural rubber biosynthesis which includes polymerization of isopentenyl pyrophosphate into rubber. using synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the partial amino acid sequences of this protein as probes to screen a laticifer-specific cdna library, we have isolated a full-length cd ... | 1996 | 8639752 |
| cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of cdnas for farnesyl diphosphate synthase from the guayule rubber plant reveals that this prenyltransferase occurs in rubber particles. | two farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fps) cdna's from a guayule stembark library were isolated and characterized. both encode m(r) 39,000 proteins containing 432 amino acids that differ slightly in their deduced molecular weights and isoelectric points. they both contain the ddxxd motifs that are characteristic of prenyltransferases, and both isoforms show high homology to other plant fps sequences but less overall homology to fps sequences from nonplant sources. the two isoforms differ by 5% in t ... | 1996 | 8806726 |
| a novel acidic allergen, hev b 5, in latex. purification, cloning and characterization. | latex allergy is recognized as a serious health problem among health care workers and children with spina bifida. a number of ige-reactive proteins have been identified in natural and processed latex products. one of the most acidic proteins in the cytoplasm of lacticifer cells of rubber trees (hevea brasiliensis) is demonstrated to be a potent allergen in eliciting allergic reactions in humans. this protein, with pi = 3.5, has a molecular mass of 16 kda with a blocked n terminus and an unusual ... | 1996 | 8810305 |
| identification, cloning, and sequence of a major allergen (hev b 5) from natural rubber latex (hevea brasiliensis). | proteins in commercial latex products, derived from the rubber tree hevea brasiliensis, cause anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals, especially health care workers and children with spina bifida. to identify latex allergens, we utilized ige from the serum of a latex-allergic health care worker to screen a cdna library from hevea latex. the identified cdna clone, cdna hev b 5, encodes an open reading frame of 163 peptide residues. hybridization analysis of cdna hev b 5 with rna extracted from he ... | 1996 | 8810306 |
| (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from hevea brasiliensis. | | 1996 | 8958122 |
| hydroxynitrile lyase from hevea brasiliensis: molecular characterization and mechanism of enzyme catalysis. | (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) from the tropical rubber tree hevea brasiliensis is a 29 kda single chain protein that catalyses the breakdown or formation of a c--c bond by reversible addition of hydrocyanic acid to aldehydes or ketones. the primary sequence of hnl has no significant homology to known proteins. detailed homology investigations employing profilesearch and secondary structure prediction algorithms suggest that hnl is a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein family and con ... | 1997 | 9094745 |
| high-level intracellular expression of hydroxynitrile lyase from the tropical rubber tree hevea brasiliensis in microbial hosts. | (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) from the tropical rubber tree hevea brasiliensis catalyzes the formation of (s)-cyanohydrins from hydrocyanic acid and aldehydes or ketones. this enzyme accepts aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic carbonyl compounds as substrates and is therefore considered a potent biocatalyst for the industrial production of optically active chemicals. limitations in enzyme supply from natural resources were overcome by production of the enzyme in the microbial host systems esc ... | 1997 | 9325140 |
| a lectin from the bark of the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). | a protein isolated and purified from extracts of bark strips from mature rubber (hevea brasilinsis) agglutinated erythrocytes from rabbits and all human blood types except ab. no agglutination was detected with erythrocytes from sheep, rates or mice. proteolytic treatment of hevea bark lectin (hbl) abolished haemagglutinin activity. the m(r) determined by sds-page was 40 k and that estimated from gel filtration was 140 k. fetuin, asialofetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin and asialosubmaxillary muc ... | 1998 | 9431671 |
| cloning and characterization of a latex allergen (hev b 7): homology to patatin, a plant pla2. | we previously identified a 46-kd protein allergen in latex as having amino acid sequence homology to the patatin gene family. the objective of this study was to characterize this protein by molecular techniques. rna was isolated from the latex or leaf material from hevea brasiliensis and from potato tubers. specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers were designed from the amino acid sequence and reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr amplified a specific product from latex rna that was subsequentl ... | 1998 | 9649202 |
| cdna cloning of the 43-kda latex allergen hev b 7 with sequence similarity to patatins and its expression in the yeast pichia pastoris. | ige-mediated hypersensitivity to latex proteins present in health care products, particularly in latex gloves, has become an important public health problem in recent years. we purified natural hev b 7, a 43-kda patatin-like allergen from the latex of hevea brasiliensis and determined several internal peptide sequences. a heterologous hybridization probe of a patatin gene of potato, to which these peptides could be aligned best, was used to screen a latex cdna library. the cdna encoded an acidic ... | 1998 | 9692921 |
| cloning of the patatin-like latex allergen hev b 7, its expression in the yeast pichia pastoris and its immunological characterization. | the 43-kd latex allergen hev b 7 was purified from the latex of hevea brasiliensis and identified by n-terminal and internal peptide sequences as highly homologous to patatins. patatins are storage proteins encoded by a multigene family found in plants such as potato and tomato. we have obtained a cdna clone coding for a cytoplasmic form of hev b 7. the recombinant protein was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris at 10 mg/l culture supernatant. both natural hev b 7 and rhev b 7 ... | 1999 | 10224423 |
| human ige-binding epitopes of the latex allergen hev b 5. | hev b 5 is an acidic protein (isoelectric point, 3.5) rich in glutamic acid with 9 repeated amino acid (aa) sequences of xeex or xeeex. although its function in hevea brasiliensis is unknown, hev b 5 has been identified as a major latex allergen. immunoblot inhibition studies suggest hev b 5 exists as multiple isoforms or contains a common epitope found in several other proteins. | 1999 | 10359901 |
| re-evaluation of antibiotic and mercury resistance in escherichia coli populations isolated in 1978 from amazonian rubber tree tappers and indians. | a study was carried out to assess the stability of antimicrobial susceptibility of wild isolates upon long-term storage using fifty-three escherichia coli strains isolated in 1978 from feces of healthy children from the amazon region in brazil, exposed to low levels of antimicrobial agents, and examined for resistance to mercury and four antibiotics. all of the strains were kept in lignières medium at room temperature and were transferred to fresh media four times during this period. thirty-five ... | 1999 | 10466409 |
| viral impermeability of hypoallergenic, low protein, guayule latex films. | guayule latex proteins do not cross-react with antibodies raised against latex proteins in commercially available products manufactured from hevea brasiliensis latex. thus guayule latex is a promising raw material for the manufacture of hypoallergenic latex products, safe for use by people suffering from ige-mediated type i "latex allergy." also, guayule latex is a low protein material and therefore unlikely to cause widespread sensitization. latex products commonly are used as essential barrier ... | 1999 | 10487897 |
| the prevalence of immunoglobulin e antibodies to the proteins of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) latex and grass (phleum pratense) pollen in sera of british blood donors. | although there have been many studies of the prevalence of latex allergy in populations deemed to be at risk, little is known of the potential allergic susceptibility to latex products prevailing in the general population. | 1999 | 10520088 |
| antifungal action of hevea brasiliensis latex. its effect in combination with fluconazole on candida albicans growth. | latex from hevea brasiliensis and its subcellular fractions (l-serum and c-serum) were tested for antifungal activity alone or in combination with fluconazole. candida albicans growth was inhibited with the same efficacy when yeasts were inoculated into culture medium supplemented over the total growth phase with latex as when latex was added during the exponential phase only: the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic 80%) of h. brasiliensis latex was 123 micrograms protein ml-1. by means of a n ... | 1999 | 10546488 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant hev b 3, a hevea brasiliensis protein associated with latex allergy in patients with spina bifida. | two natural rubber latex proteins, hev b 1 and hev b 3, have been described in spina bifida (sb)-associated latex allergy. | 1999 | 10550757 |
| rubber particles from four different species, examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron-paramagnetic-resonance spin labeling, are found to consist of a homogeneous rubber core enclosed by a contiguous, monolayer biomembrane | the physical characteristics of rubber particles from the four rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) producing species euphorbia lactiflua phil., ficus elastica roxb., hevea brasiliensis mull. arg., and parthenium argentatum gray, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (tem) and electron-paramagnetic-resonance (epr) spin labeling spectroscopy. transmission electron microscopy showed the rubber particles to be composed of a spherical, homogeneous, core of rubber enclosed by a contiguous ... | 1999 | 10592036 |
| alternative sources of natural rubber. | rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is one of the most important polymers naturally produced by plants because it is a strategic raw material used in more than 40,000 products, including more than 400 medical devices. the sole commercial source, at present, is natural rubber harvested from the brazilian rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis. primarily due to its molecular structure and high molecular weight (> 1 million daltons) this rubber has high performance properties that cannot easily be mimicked by a ... | 2000 | 10803889 |
| microstructure of purified rubber particles. | purified rubber particles from hevea brasiliensis (brazilian rubber tree), parthenium argentatum (guayule), ficus elastica (indian rubber tree), and euphorbia lactiflua were examined and compared using conventional scanning electron microscopy (sem), field-emission sem, cryo-sem, and transmission electron microscopy (tem). rubber particles of all four species were spherical; they varied in size and had a uniform homogeneous material, the rubber core, surrounded by a contiguous monolayer (half-un ... | 2000 | 10817979 |
| the elicitin secreted by phytophthora palmivora, a rubber tree pathogen. | palmivorein, a new member of the elicitin family, was purified from the culture filtrate of phytophthora palmivora isolated from the rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis. the elicitin was obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation and further purified using ion-exchange and gel filtration. the molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid composition and n-terminal sequences of this molecule are reported and compared to other known elicitins. palmivorein, as determined by sds-page, is a small prote ... | 2000 | 10846744 |
| pcr-based cloning, isolation, and ige-binding properties of recombinant latex profilin (rhev b 8). | profilin (hev b 8) in natural rubber latex (nrl) has been assumed to be an important allergen. since latex profilin has a molecular mass similar to two other latex allergens (hev b 1 and hev b 6.03) in the 14-kda range, it is difficult to obtain sufficient amounts of purified native profilin for investigations and diagnostics. the present study aimed to produce recombinant latex profilin (rhev b 8) and study its ige-binding reactivity. | 2000 | 10955696 |
| recombinant hev b 1: large-scale production and immunological characterization. | hev b 1 represents one of the most important allergens in hevea brasiliensis latex. it is difficult to get an appropriate amount of native hev b 1 (nhev b 1) for research purposes. | 2000 | 10971475 |
| appraisal of latex glove proteins in the induction of sensitivity to multiple latex allergens. | six hevea brasiliensis latex protein allergens, hevb 1, hev b 2, hev b 3, hev b 4, and two variants of hev b 7 (7b and 7c), were purified from hevea latex, while a seventh protein, hev b 5, was prepared in recombinant form. the presence of these proteins in glove extracts was indicated by their respective antibodies in the serum of rabbits immunized against the extracts. the relative propensities of ige binding to the individual latex allergens were compared using sera from latex-allergic patien ... | 2000 | 11039838 |
| latex allergy in the workplace. | while less than 1% of the general population is sensitized to latex, the u.s. occupational safety and health administration estimates that 8-12% of health-care workers are sensitized. the major source of workplace exposure is powdered natural rubber latex (nrl) gloves. nrl is harvested from hevea: brasiliensis trees and ammoniated to prevent coagulation resulting in the hydrolysis of the latex proteins. prior to use in manufacturing, the latex is formulated by the addition of multiple chemicals. ... | 2000 | 11053535 |
| hev b 9, an enolase and a new cross-reactive allergen from hevea latex and molds. purification, characterization, cloning and expression. | natural rubber latex allergy is an ige-mediated disease that is caused by proteins that elute from commercial latex products. a complementary dna (cdna) coding for hev b 9, an enolase (2-phospho-d-glycerate hydrolyase) and allergen from latex of the rubber tree hevea brasiliensis, was amplified by pcr. the pcr primers were designed according to conserved regions of enolases from plants. the obtained cdna amplification product consisted of 1651 bp and encoded a protein of 445 amino-acid residues ... | 2000 | 11106410 |
| cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes. | by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ... | 2000 | 11152069 |
| rapid production of recombinant allergens in nicotiana benthamiana and their impact on diagnosis and therapy. | type i allergies are immunological disorders that afflict a quarter of the world's population. recombinant allergens have improved the diagnosis of allergic diseases and allow the formulation of new therapeutic approaches. over 50% of all allergens are of plant origin. | 2001 | 11306923 |
| identification of a hevea brasiliensis latex manganese superoxide dismutase (hev b 10) as a cross-reactive allergen. | cross-reactive allergens play an increasingly important role in latex allergy in complicating both the diagnosis and time course of allergic symptoms. manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod), a ubiquitous protein of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, was described as a cross-reactive allergen in aspergillus fumigatus. little information is available on the importance of this pan-allergen in hevea brasiliensis latex. the aim of this study was to clone and express mnsod from h. brasiliensis late ... | 2001 | 11435728 |
| urticaria and rhinitis to shrubs of ficus benjamina and breadfruit in a banana-allergic road worker: evidence for a cross-sensitization between moracea, banana and latex. | we report the case of a road worker with a food allergy to banana, who developed urticaria and rhinitis when cutting shrubs of ficus benjamina and breadfruit. he did not develop an allergy to latex of hevea brasiliensis. | 2001 | 11435736 |
| hev b 8, the hevea brasiliensis latex profilin, is a cross-reactive allergen of latex, plant foods and pollen. | plant profilins are important pan-allergens. they are responsible for a significant percentage of pollen-related allergies. limited information is available about their involvement in the latex-fruit syndrome and the cross-reactivities between latex and pollen. we aimed to clone and express the hevea brasiliensis latex profilin to investigate its allergological significance and serological cross-reactivities to profilins from plant foods and pollens. | 2001 | 11490154 |
| expression and characterization of active site mutants of hevamine, a chitinase from the rubber tree hevea brasiliensis. | hevamine is a chitinase from the rubber tree hevea brasiliensis. its active site contains asp125, glu127, and tyr183, which interact with the -1 sugar residue of the substrate. to investigate their role in catalysis, we have successfully expressed wild-type enzyme and mutants of these residues as inclusion bodies in escherichia coli. after refolding and purification they were characterized by both structural and enzyme kinetic studies. mutation of tyr183 to phenylalanine produced an enzyme with ... | 2002 | 11846790 |
| comparative study of the reaction mechanism of family 18 chitinases from plants and microbes. | hydrolytic mechanisms of family 18 chitinases from rice (oryza sativa l.) and bacillus circulans wl-12 were comparatively studied by a combination of hplc analysis of the reaction products and theoretical calculation of reaction time-courses. all of the enzymes tested produced beta-anomers from chitin hexasaccharide [(glcnac)(6)], indicating that they catalyze the hydrolysis through a retaining mechanism. the rice chitinases hydrolyzed predominantly the fourth and fifth glycosidic linkages from ... | 2002 | 11926993 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of the hevea brasiliensis allergen hev b 11, a class i chitinase. | in the last 10 years type-i allergy against proteins from hevea brasiliensis latex has become an acknowledged medical issue. fruit-allergic patients represent one risk group for developing latex allergy. class i chitinases have been identified from chestnut, avocado and banana as relevant allergens. the chitin binding (hevein) domain from these class i chitinases has been postulated to bear the important ige binding epitopes. | 2002 | 11940078 |
| isolation of scopoletin from leaves of hevea brasiliensis and the effect of scopoletin on pathogens of h. brasiliensis. | scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) which inhibited the conidial germination of corynespora cassiicola was isolated from the uninfected mature leaves of hevea brasiliensis. scopoletin was not detected in uninfected immature rubber leaves. the immature leaves produced scopoletin after being infected with c. cassiicola. the concentration of scopoletin in infected leaves was higher than in uninfected mature leaves. scopoletin also inhibited the conidial germination of other fungal pathogens o ... | 2002 | 12014480 |
| expression of the hevea brasiliensis (h.b.k.) mull. arg. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase 1 in tobacco results in sterol overproduction. | a genomic fragment encoding one (hmgr1) of the three 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductases (hmgrs) from hevea brasiliensis (h.b.k.) mull. arg. (m.-l. chye, c.-t. tan, n.-h. chua [1992] plant mol biol 19: 473-484) was introduced into nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi via agrobacterium transformation to study the influence of the hmg1 gene product on plant isoprenoid biosynthesis. transgenic plants were morphologically indistinguishable from control wild-type plants and displayed the same ... | 1995 | 12228630 |
| condom sense. | many people in the us are infected with hiv. one can not tell whether someone has hiv simply by looking at them. as such, not using a condom when having sex with an individual outside of a mutually monogamous relationship in which both partners are not infected with hiv opens one to the potentially enormous risk of contracting hiv and other sexually transmitted diseases (std). the risk of unwanted pregnancy also looms high when heterosexual intercourse is practiced without contraception. the ... | 1994 | 12287927 |
| latex allergy and contraception. | latex, a material derived from the rubber tree, can cause an allergic reaction in the form of contact dermatitis. this allergy can manifest in a rash, swelling, and itching, and symptoms can be mild or severe. individuals who come into frequent contact with latex are at risk of developing an allergy. latex allergy should be suspected in cases of swelling or itching after a medical examination, contact with rubber gloves, swelling or itching of the mouth and lips after blowing up a balloon or ... | 1997 | 12290348 |
| labor markets and economic development in malaysia. | a researcher analyzed data on male workers from 1262 households from peninsular malaysia (1976-1977 malaysian family life survey) to identify the leading effects of economic development for earnings and employment patterns within labor markets. all 3 major ethnic groups in malaysia profited from the increasing levels of real income over time. the relative income of ethnic malays, the poorest socioeconomic class, increased more so than the chinese and indians. yet the income of chinese was 108 ... | 1991 | 12317026 |
| a tree grows in seattle. | in 1975 in seattle, washington, a nonprescription contraceptive specialty shop known as the rubber tree opened as a nonprofit project of the seattle chapter of zero population growth. a visit to the shop confirms the logic of the concept that unhealthy attitudes toward contraceptives, particularly condoms, are reinforced when the products are not sold openly. the shop's clientele - the only shop of its kind in the u.s. - has steadily grown over 3 years; an estimated 7000 person were served la ... | 1978 | 12335437 |
| antifungal effect of hevea brasiliensis latex with various fungi. its synergistic action with amphotericin b against candida albicans. | antifungal activity of latex from hevea brasiliensis was observed with various fungi in macrobroth dilution assays. the strongest antifungal effect was obtained with trichosporon cutaneum (mic 80% = 40.615 microg protein ml(-1), kaff = 0.075 microg(-1) protein ml) and cryptococcus neoformans (mic 80% = 56.078 microg protein ml(-1), kaff = 0.059 microg(-1) protein ml). amphotericin b was synergized with all h. brasiliensis latex concentrations tested. the rates of synergy were about 50, 44 and 55 ... | 2002 | 12472724 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of a functional cdna clone encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase of hevea brasiliensis. | geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthase catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) with allylic diphosphates to give (all-e)-ggpp. ggpp is one of the key precursors in the biosynthesis of biologically significant isoprenoid compounds. in order to examine possible participation of the ggpp synthase in the enzymatic prenyl chain elongation in natural rubber biosynthesis, we cloned, overexpressed and characterized the cdna clone encoding ggpp synthase from cdna libraries of leaf ... | 2003 | 12531482 |
| in vivo sensitization to purified hevea brasiliensis proteins in health care workers sensitized to natural rubber latex. | thirteen proteins of natural rubber latex (hevea brasiliensis) known to bind human ige have been isolated and characterized as hev b allergens. however, the in vivo importance of native hev b allergens has not been defined in health care workers (hcws) with natural rubber latex (nrl) allergy. | 2003 | 12642845 |
| molecular cloning, purification, and ige-binding of a recombinant class i chitinase from hevea brasiliensis leaves (rhev b 11.0102). | class i chitinase in natural rubber latex (nrl) has been assumed to be an important allergen, especially concerning its cross-reactivity with fruits like avocado and banana. | 2003 | 12653800 |
| oral allergy syndrome to fig. | the few cases of food allergy to fig reported to date, whose main manifestations were anaphylactic reactions, have been related to a cross-sensitisation to weeping fig (ficus benjamina) or to the 'latex-fruit syndrome'. here we report on two cases of the oral allergy syndrome (oas) to fig in patients whose main allergic manifestations were related to sensitisation to grass and birch pollens. | 2003 | 12811022 |
| production of hevea brasiliensis transgenic embryogenic callus lines by agrobacterium tumefaciens: roles of calcium. | a procedure has been established for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of hevea brasiliensis embryogenic friable calli. precultivation of tissues on a cacl(2)-free maintenance medium dramatically enhanced the transient activity of the reporter gene, gusa encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus). the increase was first noticed in highly active cells (undifferentiated or/and embryogenic), in tissues precultured for 2-8 weeks. beyond 8 weeks of preculture, gus activity increased ag ... | 2003 | 12836004 |
| induction of mucosal tolerance with recombinant hev b 1 and recombinant hev b 3 for prevention of latex allergy in balb/c mice. | the prevalence of type i allergy to hevea brasiliensis latex is particularly high among individuals with frequent exposure to latex products, such as health-care workers (hcw) and patients with spina bifida (sb). treatment of latex allergy seems problematic as preventive measures, such as allergen avoidance, are not always possible and conventional immunotherapy with standardized latex extracts is not performed routinely. thus, the aim of the present study was to establish a mouse model of latex ... | 2003 | 12869021 |
| co-expression of n-terminal truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase and c24-sterol methyltransferase type 1 in transgenic tobacco enhances carbon flux towards end-product sterols. | the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase (hmgr) and c24-sterol methyltransferase type 1 (smt1) have been proposed to be key steps regulating carbon flux through the sterol biosynthesis pathway. to further examine this hypothesis, we co-expressed the catalytic domain of hevea brasiliensis hmgr (thmgr) and nicotiana tabacum smt1 in tobacco, under control of both constitutive and seed-specific promoters, resulting in increased accumulation of total sterol in seed tissue by 2.5- and 2.1- ... | 2003 | 12974807 |
| molecular mapping of genes conferring field resistance to south american leaf blight ( microcyclus ulei) in rubber tree. | the south american leaf blight (salb), caused by the fungus microcyclus ulei, is the major rubber tree disease in all central and south america. a population of 192 progeny individuals derived from a cross between a resistant clone and a susceptible cultivated clone was planted in a field trial in french guiana in order to evaluate the resistance parameters under real infestation conditions. the resistance type (rt), the presence of stromata (st) and the level of attack (at) were observed 20-tim ... | 2003 | 14504743 |
| genetic transformation and regeneration of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis muell. arg) transgenic plants with a constitutive version of an anti-oxidative stress superoxide dismutase gene. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation and the regeneration of transgenic plants was achieved in hevea brasiliensis. immature anther-derived calli were used to develop transgenic plants. these calli were co-cultured with a. tumefaciens harboring a plasmid vector containing the h. brasiliensis superoxide dismutase gene (hbsod) under the control of the camv 35s promoter. the beta-glucuronidase gene (uida) was used for screening and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptii) wa ... | 2003 | 14551734 |
| molecular cloning, expression and characterization of cdna encoding cis-prenyltransferases from hevea brasiliensis. a key factor participating in natural rubber biosynthesis. | natural rubber from hevea brasiliensis is a high molecular mass polymer of isoprene units with cis-configuration. the enzyme responsible for the cis-1,4-polymerization of isoprene units has been idengified as a particle-bound rubber transferase, but no gene encoding this enzyme has been cloned from rubber-producing plants. by using sequence information from the conserved regions of cis-prenyl chain elongating enzymes that were cloned recently, we have isolated and characterized cdnas from h. bra ... | 2003 | 14622254 |
| aeroallergens in clinical practice of allergy in india. an overview. | allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are dramatically increasing all over the world including developing countries like india. today, more than 30 % of the population is known to suffer from one or other allergic ailment. major causative agents implicated are pollen grains, fungal spores, dust mites, insect debris, animal epithelia, etc. several aerobiological studies have been conducted in different parts of the country to ascertain aerial concentr ... | 2003 | 14677902 |
| a novel cdna from parthenium argentatum gray enhances the rubber biosynthetic activity in vitro. | natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is an isoprenoid compound produced exclusively in plants by the action of rubber transferase. despite a keen interest in revealing the mechanisms of rubber chain elongation and chain length determination, the molecular nature of rubber transferase has not yet been identified. a recent report has revealed that a 24 kda protein tightly associated with the small rubber particles of hevea brasiliensis, therefore designated small rubber particle protein (srpp), p ... | 2004 | 14718497 |
| reaction mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyases of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily: the three-dimensional structure of the transient enzyme-substrate complex certifies the crucial role of lys236. | the hydroxynitrile lyases (hnls) from hevea brasiliensis (hbhnl) and from manihot esculenta (mehnl) are both members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. mechanistic proposals have been put forward in the past for both enzymes; they differed with respect to the role of the active-site lysine residue for which a catalytic function was claimed for the hevea enzyme but denied for the manihot enzyme. we applied a freeze-quench method to prepare crystals of the complex of hbhnl with the biologica ... | 2004 | 14998991 |
| characterization of cell wall degrading enzymes of thanatephorus cucumeris. | thanatephorus cucumeris is a ubiquitous fungus responsible for many types of plant diseases worldwide. all isolates from infected hevea brasiliensis trees secreted pectolytic enzymes; polygalacturonase (pg), pectin lyase (pl) and cellulolytic enzymes; beta-glucosidase and cellobiase in culture. the extracts of the rubber tree leaf tissues, inoculated with t. cucumeris did not show any pg activity. however, pl activity was detected in tissue with the establishment of the infection. the levels of ... | 2004 | 15008348 |
| isolation and characterization of the early nodule-specific protein homologue (hev b 13), an allergenic lipolytic esterase from hevea brasiliensis latex. | recurring reports of a highly allergenic 42-46-kda protein in hevea brasiliensis latex appeared to have been resolved with the discovery of a 43-kda allergenic latex protein that was a homologue to patatin. however, the low to moderate prevalence of sensitization to the protein, designated hev b 7, among latex-allergic patients could not adequately explain the frequent observations of the 42-46-kda allergen. this led to the hypothesis that another, more allergenic protein of a similar molecular ... | 2004 | 15024009 |
| long-term impacts of land-use change on dynamics of tropical soil carbon and nitrogen pools. | land-use changes, especially the conversion of native forest vegetation to cropland and plantations in tropical region, can alter soil c and n pools and n availability for plant uptake. deforestation, followed by shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantation, is a common land-use change in xishuangbanna, southwest china. however the influence of this kind of land-use change on soil c and n dynamics in this region remains poorly understood. this study was conducted to assess th ... | 2004 | 15137650 |
| enzymatic synthesis of complex glycosaminotrioses and study of their molecular recognition by hevein domains. | hevein, a protein found in hevea brasiliensis, has a crd domain, which is known to bind chitin and glcnac-containing oligosaccharides. by using nmr and molecular modeling as major tools we have demonstrated that trisaccharides containing galnac and mannac residues are also recognized by hevein domains. thus far unknown trisaccharides glcnacbeta(1-->4)glcnacbeta(1-->4)mannac (1) and galnacbeta(1-->4)glcnacbeta(1-->4)mannac (2) were synthesized with the use of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspe ... | 2004 | 15254625 |
| structural characterization of rubber from jackfruit and euphorbia as a model of natural rubber. | a structural study of low molecular weight rubbers from jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus) and painted spurge (euphorbia heterophylla) was carried out as model compounds of natural rubber from hevea brasiliensis. the rubber content of latex from jackfruit was 0.4-0.7%, which is very low compared with that of 30-35% in the latex from hevea tree. the rubber from jackfruit latex was low molecular weight with narrow unimodal molecular weight distribution (mwd), whereas that obtained from e. hetero ... | 2004 | 15360318 |
| an agglutinating chitinase with two chitin-binding domains confers fungal protection in transgenic potato. | brassica juncea bjchi1 is a unique chitinase with two chitin-binding domains. here, we show that, unlike other chitinases, potato-expressed bjchi1 shows hemagglutination ability. bjchi1 expression in b. juncea seedlings is induced by rhizoctonia solani infection, suggesting its protective role against this fungus. to verify this, transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv. desiree) plants expressing bjchi1 generated by agrobacterium-mediated transformation were challenged with r. solani. we also ... | 2005 | 15490228 |
| depolymerization of beta-chitin to mono- and disaccharides by the serum fraction from the para rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis. | the serum fraction of latex from hevea brasiliensis, the para rubber tree, is known to contain an endo-chitinolytic enzyme, hevamine. herein the activity of the rubber serum towards beta-chitin is investigated. the serum contained 6 mg/ml of protein and a chitinolytic activity of 18 mu permg of protein. the optimum ratio of enzyme to chitin was 0.22 mu/mg, and the optimum substrate concentration was 60 mg/ml. the optimum ph range was ph2-4, and the optimum temperature was 45 degrees c. at these ... | 2004 | 15542088 |
| overexpression and characterization of a novel chitinase from trichoderma atroviride strain p1. | we describe the overexpression and characterization of a new 30 kda family 18 chitinase (ech30) from trichoderma atroviride strain p1. sequence alignments indicate that the active site architecture of ech30 resembles that of endochitinases such as hevamine from the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). the ech30 gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli without its signal peptide and with an n-terminal his-tag. the enzyme was produced as inclusion bodies, from which active chitinase could be recove ... | 2005 | 15769595 |
| pythium vexans causing patch canker of rubber trees on hainan island, china. | this is the first report of patch canker disease of rubber trees (clone rrim600) in china. it is characterized by discrete irregular patches of rotted, discolored bark and wood, accompanied by a decrease in latex flow. a total of seven isolates of pythium vexans were obtained from the diseased bark of the trunks and roots of rubber trees. inoculating these isolates into healthy, mature rubber trees resulted in symptoms similar to patch canker and the same fungal species was re-isolated from the ... | 2005 | 15983748 |
| land-use and land-cover change and farmer vulnerability in xishuangbanna prefecture in southwestern china. | this study investigated land-use and land-cover change in three hamlets and two state rubber farms in the nan-e watershed of the xishuangbanna prefecture of yunnan province in southwestern china. the overall objective of the study was to understand how state policies affected land use and land cover and how changes in these variables affected farmer vulnerability to economic, social, and political events. emphasis was placed on the cultivation of rubber (hevea brasiliensis), promoted in southern ... | 2005 | 15995894 |
| efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of embryogenic calli and regeneration of hevea brasiliensis müll arg. plants. | an efficient procedure for producing transgenic hevea brasiliensis callus and plant lines from clone pb 260 was established with agrobacterium tumefaciens using strain eha105 harbouring the vector pcambia2301. transformation capacity and competence of the embryogenic calli were improved after two cycles of cryopreservation. when the cocultivation temperature was reduced from 27 to 20 degrees c, the duration of this phase could be increased up to 7 days, promoting an increase in gus activity. the ... | 2006 | 16136315 |
| [seringueira's latex membrane (hevea brasiliensis) with and without polylysine 0.1% and marlex mesh for the reconstruction of iatrogenics abdominal wall defects in rats]. | to compare seringueira latex membrane implant, with and without polylysine at 0.1% and marlex mesh on the repair of iatrogenic abdominal defects in rats. | 2005 | 16186950 |
| a synopsis of the occurrence and pathogenicity of phytophthora species in mainland china. | to date, 26 species of phytophthora have been reported in mainland china but only 23 are accepted as good taxa. phytophthora nicotianae (p. parasitica) is the single most important species causing over 40 different plant diseases; p. boehmeriae is widespread attacking gossypium, boehmeria, citrus, broussonetia papyrifera and pterocarya stenoptera; p. "fragariae var. oryzo-bladis" is unique to mainland china causing blight of oryza sativa seedlings; p. megasperma sensu lato has been isolated from ... | 1997 | 16283113 |
| colletotrichum acutatum is the main cause of colletotrichum leaf disease of rubber in sri lanka. | colletotrichum gloeosporoides has been described as the causal agent of colletotrichum leaf disease of rubber in sri lanka and other parts of the world since 1905. a study carried out on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of 52 isolates from colletotrichum leaf disease lesions on hevea brasiliensis in sri lanka revealed that only 18 isolates belong to colletotrichum gloeosporioides. the remaining 34 isolates represented c. aculatum indicating that c. acutatum is the main cause of collet ... | 1997 | 16284808 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing a plant fatty acid desaturase produces polyunsaturated fatty acids and is susceptible to oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation. | although oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms, it also forms potentially harmful reactive oxygen species. for its simplicity, easy manipulation, and cultivation conditions, yeast is used as an attractive model in oxidative stress research. however, lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast membranes makes yeast unsuitable for research in the field of lipid peroxidation. therefore, we have constructed a yeast strain expressing a delta12 desaturase gene from the tropical rubber tree, hevea ... | 2006 | 16520241 |
| effect of air humidity on the egg viability of predatory mites (acari: phytoseiidae, stigmaeidae) common on rubber trees in brazil. | rubber pest mites, calacarus heveae and tenuipalpus heveae, reach economic damage levels at the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season in brazil. therefore, low humidity adaptation might be an important characteristic for predatory mites to successfully control pest organisms. this study determined the effect of the relative humidity (rh) levels of 30-100% on the hatching of larvae of amblyseius acalyphus, euseius citrifolius, iphiseiodes zuluagai, metaseiulus camelliae, agi ... | 2006 | 16550332 |
| biological cycle of lorryia formosa (acari, tydeidae) on rubber tree leaves: a case of thelytoky. | lorryia formosa cooreman has been collected on many different host plants around the world. the biological cycle of this species was studied at 28 degrees c with mites collected from a rubber tree crop. the life table was constructed based on sixty individuals. the average lifetime was 37.43 +/- 20.23 (se) days, and the r(m) was 0.08. the sex ratio was totally female biased, and unfertilized eggs developed into females. this is the first record of thelytoky in tydeoidea proved by rearing. | 2006 | 16612667 |
| molecular cloning of a hmg-coa reductase gene from eucommia ulmoides oliver. | the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmgr) catalyzes the conversion of hmg-coa to mevalonate, which is the first committed step in the pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. a full-length cdna encoding hmgr (designated as euhmgr, genbank accession no. ay796343) was isolated from eucommia ulmoides by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of euhmgr comprises 2281 bp with a 1770-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 590-amino-acid polypeptide with two trans ... | 2006 | 16773464 |