| wisteria floribunda agglutinin-labelled nets surround parvalbumin-containing neurons. | net-like structures surrounding several types of neurones contain glycoconjugates which are detectable by lectins specific for n-acetylgalactosamine. wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) was introduced as a further marker for the visualization of such perineuronal nets, which were also revealed in regions of the rat brain where these structures could not be clearly demonstrated using other lectins. the wfa-labelled perineuronal nets resembled in detail those which could be visualized using vicia ... | 1992 | 1421090 |
| schistosoma mansoni synthesizes novel biantennary asn-linked oligosaccharides containing terminal beta-linked n-acetylgalactosamine. | this report describes the structure of novel complex-type asn-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins synthesized by the human blood fluke, schistosoma mansoni. adult schistosome worm pairs (male and female) isolated from infected hamsters were metabolically radiolabelled with either [3h]glucosamine, [3h]mannose or [3h]galactose. the glycopeptides prepared by pronase digestion of the total glycoprotein fraction were isolated by affinity chromatography on columns of immobilized concanavalin a (c ... | 1992 | 1457973 |
| flow cytometric analyses of lectin binding to pneumocystis carinii surface carbohydrates. | pneumocystis carinii obtained from infected rat lung homogenates was incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins, counterstained with the nuclear stain, propidium iodide (pi), and analyzed by dual parameter histograms for lectin-associated green and pi-associated red fluorescence using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. the presence of glucose/mannose moieties was evidenced by the binding of all organisms to concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda. from the lectin group specif ... | 1992 | 1556643 |
| cell type-specific lectin staining of the tracheobronchial epithelium of the rat: quantitative studies with griffonia simplicifolia i isolectin b4. | we compared lectin staining patterns to cell population densities, as determined by morphological criteria in rat airways. eight lectins were studied: griffonia simplicifolia i isolectin b4 (gsi-b4), arachis hypogaea (pna), wisteria floribunda (wfa), glycine maximus (sba), dolichos biflorus (dba), helix pomatia (hpa), ulex europaeus (uea-1), and maclura pomifera (mpa). two of the lectins strongly stained morphologically distinct cell subpopulations. gsi-b4 stained basal cells, and mpa stained no ... | 1991 | 1701188 |
| lectin typing of campylobacter isolates. | isolates of campylobacter jejuni, c coli, c fetus and c laridis were tested for agglutination reactions with a panel of five lectins: arachis hypogaea, bauhinia purpurea, solanum tuberosum, triticum vulgaris and wisteria floribunda. twenty three patterns of agglutination (lectin types) were recorded among 376 isolates. patterns were consistent and reproducible. only 4.5% of isolates were untypable because of autoagglutination. some lectin types were found exclusively or predominantly in a specie ... | 1990 | 2262570 |
| purification and complex formation analysis of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cystatin) from seeds of wisteria floribunda. | seeds of wisteria floribunda contain several kinds of cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cystatin). we purified and characterized one of these inhibitors, named wcpi-3. the molecular weight of wcpi-3 was estimated to be 17,500 and 15,700 by gel filtration and sds-page, respectively. the isoelectric point was 5.7. wcpi-3 formed an equimolar complex with native papain and the dissociation constant was estimated to be 6.1 nm. complex formation between wcpi-3 and cys25-modified papain, such as s-carboxy ... | 1990 | 2292589 |
| effects of lectins with various carbohydrate binding specificities on lipid metabolism in isolated rat and hamster adipocytes. | 1. mannose-binding and n-acetylglucosamine binding lectins exhibited potent antilipolytic and lipogenic activities. 2. fucose-binding lectins had minimal lipogenic activity but possessed antilipolytic activity. 3. most galactose-binding and n-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectins were devoid of significant antilipolytic and lipogenic activities. notable exceptions were lectins from momordica charantia, wisteria floribunda, vicia villosa, codium fragile and the siberian pine tree. lipogenic activit ... | 1989 | 2545472 |
| new principle for large-scale preparation of purified human pancreas islets. | because successful human islet transplantation requires large quantities of viable islets that must be separated from the highly immunogenic exocrine tissue and because handpicking is too time-consuming and laborious to be clinically relevant, a new approach for solving this problem has been established in rat models. it is based on the principle that magnetic microspheres (mmss) coupled to lectins with binding specificity for the exocrine tissue portion are trapped in an electromagnetic field, ... | 1989 | 2642840 |
| lectins as probes to pneumocystis carinii surface glycocomplexes. | the binding characteristics of a panel of commercially available fitc-conjugated lectins to pneumocystis carinii (pc) were assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. rat pc obtained from infected lung homogenates were incubated with fitc-conjugated lectins in a series of concentrations, counterstained with propidium iodide, and analyzed for percent fluorescence and fluorescence intensity. all organisms bound concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda agglutinin, 2 representatives of the ... | 1989 | 2785201 |
| glycolipid-lectin interactions: reactivity of lectins from helix pomatia, wisteria floribunda, and dolichos biflorus with glycolipids containing n-acetylgalactosamine. | the autoradiographic detection of 125i-labeled lectins binding to glycolipids on thin-layer chromatograms can be used to rapidly analyze total glycolipid extracts of cells or tissues for specific oligosaccharide structures. the helix pomatia lectin which binds with high affinity to terminal alpha-linked galnac residues did not bind to globoside (terminal beta 1-3galnac) but did bind the ganglioside gm2 and its asialo derivative which have terminal beta 1-4galnac residues. the lectin from dolicho ... | 1988 | 3355161 |
| differentiation of leishmania strains of indian origin by lectin-mediated agglutination. | characterisation of surface saccharides was carried out in 3 different strains of indian leishmaniae by 7 lectins. energy dependent agglutination and role of cytoskeletal disintegrator were also analysed. wisteria floribunda, peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin can be used to differentiate clearly the leishmanial strains causing disease like visceral leishmaniasis, post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. the remaining lectins have mixed agglutination behaviour towar ... | 1987 | 3441740 |
| adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with lectin-activated spleen cells. part 2. studies on t cell subsets and interleukin 2 production. | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) can be transferred by spleen cells stimulated in vitro with d-mannose-binding lectins but not with n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (galnac)-binding lectins. eae could also be passively transferred by spleen cells following incubation with wheat germ agglutinin (wga), in which case the disease transfer was abolished by the specific hapten inhibitor, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. in the presence of rat t cell monoclonal antibody, either w3/25 or ox-8, both concanav ... | 1986 | 3486946 |
| assignment of lectins specific for d-galactose or n-acetyl-d-galactosamine to two groups, based on their circular dichroism. | the circular dichroism (cd) spectra of thirteen lectins, most being specific for d-galactose or n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, were compared. two groupings are proposed on the basis of the cd in the near-ultraviolet region. group one comprises the lectins from arachis hypogaea, glycine max, phaseolus coccineus, p. lunatus, p. vulgaris, and vicia villosa, and group two comprises lectins from caragana arborescens, cytisus sessilifolius, dolichos biflorus, griffonia simplicifolia, and wisteria floribund ... | 1985 | 4016573 |
| lectins detecting group c streptococci. | lectin of wisteria floribunda specifically agglutinates group c streptococci. the reaction is strongly inhibited by n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, slightly by lactose, and not at all by galactose. the utility of the simple test of the lectin with group c streptococci is discussed. | 1974 | 4824637 |
| adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with lectin-activated spleen cells. | adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) was achieved in lewis rats using spleen cells incubated in vitro with various lectins. when stimulated with concanavalin a (con a), its derivative succinyl-con a, lens culinaris or pisum sativum agglutinin, spleen cells obtained from rats immunized with encephalitogenic emulsion could transfer eae to normal syngeneic recipients. in contrast, spleen cells stimulated with phaseolus vulgaris, robinia pseudoacacia or wisteria floribu ... | 1984 | 6085110 |
| mapping of perineuronal nets in the rat brain stained by colloidal iron hydroxide histochemistry and lectin cytochemistry. | net-like structures, visualized with the golgi technique and several histochemical and immunocytochemical methods, have been described to ensheath somata, parts of dendrites and axon initial segments of various types of neurons. the origin and function of these perineuronal nets have been controversially discussed. recently, it was confirmed that they are glia-associated. in the present study such perineuronal nets were demonstrated by using colloidal iron hydroxide staining for detection of pol ... | 1994 | 7512240 |
| cytokeratin peptide sfgsgfgggy mimics n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine in reaction with antibodies and lectins, and induces in vivo anti-carbohydrate antibody response. | recently, we found that human anti-glcnac mabs reacted with keratin from human skin and recognized specific peptide epitopes of human cytokeratin 14. our data demonstrate that anti-keratin ab responses in mice might be driven by ags bearing terminal o-linked glcnac residues. to determine if mouse anti-glcnac mabs recognized peptide epitopes of keratin, several mouse anti-glcnac mabs were reacted with a panel of overlapping synthetic decapeptides of the entire amino acid sequence of human cytoker ... | 1994 | 7527445 |
| 192igg-saporin immunotoxin-induced loss of cholinergic cells differentially activates microglia in rat basal forebrain nuclei. | to characterize the specificity of a novel cholinergic immunotoxin (conjugate of the monoclonal antibody 192igg against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor with the cytotoxic protein saporin), coronal sections through the basal forebrain of adult rats, that received a single intracerebro-ventricular injection of 4 micrograms of 192igg-saporin conjugate, were subjected to histochemical and immunocytochemical procedures to evaluate cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase (chat)-immunoreac ... | 1995 | 7563226 |
| co-occurrence of perineuronal nets with gabaa receptor alpha 1 subunit-immunoreactive neurones in the rat septal region. | the immunocytochemical demonstration of the gabaa receptor alpha 1 subunit was combined with the wisteria floribunda agglutinin staining of lattice-like extracellular matrix components--known as perineuronal nets--in the rat basal forebrain. both were found to be co-localized in the septal-diagonal band region (e.g. in the medial septum, 96%), but only exceptionally in the ventral pallidum (3-10%) and nowhere in other basal forebrain subdivisions. this co-occurrence of perineuronal nets with sep ... | 1995 | 7605936 |
| perineuronal nets provide a polyanionic, glia-associated form of microenvironment around certain neurons in many parts of the rat brain. | the nature and function of previously described perineuronal nets are still obscure. in the present study their polyanionic components were demonstrated in the rat brain using colloidal iron hydroxide (cih) staining. in subcortical regions, such as the red nucleus, cerebellar, and vestibular nuclei, most neurons were ensheathed by cih-binding material. in the cerebral cortex perineuronal nets were seen around numerous nonpyramidal neurons. biotinylated hyaluronectin revealed that hyaluronan occu ... | 1993 | 7693589 |
| changes in glycan distribution within the porcine interhaemal barrier during gestation. | changing patterns of glycan distribution are described in porcine placentae at 15, 19, 26, 43, 58, 69 and 109 days gestation, using a carefully selected panel of lectins that allowed partial analysis of saccharide classes and sequences. the lectins used were from galanthus nivalis, pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris (leukohaemagglutinin), triticum vulgaris, tetragonolobus purpureus, ulex europaeus-1, arachis hypogaea, erythrina cristagalli, glycine max, maclura pomifera, wisteria floribunda, doli ... | 1995 | 7736552 |
| a bovine igg heavy chain contains n-acetylgalactosaminylated n-linked sugar chains. | a 56k protein co-purified with bovine milk fat globule membrane (mfgm) proteins bound to wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) like most mfgm glycoproteins. treatment with n-glycanase or beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase abolished the lectin binding to the protein. amino acid sequence and immunoblot analyses revealed that the 56k protein is an igg heavy chain. lectin column chromatography of the oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis from the purified igg heavy chains revealed that 0.08% of the to ... | 1995 | 7755601 |
| demonstration of a novel udpgalnac:glcnac beta 1-4 n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in extracts of schistosoma mansoni. | it was recently demonstrated that complex-type n-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins synthesized by schistosoma mansoni contain the unusual terminal sequence galnac beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-2man alpha 1-2r. this structure suggests that the parasite might contain a novel glycosyltransferase that can add galnac to terminal glcnac residues in n-linked oligosaccharides. this report describes an assay for this enzyme, designated udpgalnac:glcnac beta 1-4 n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta 1-4g ... | 1994 | 7799159 |
| cortical areas are revealed by distribution patterns of proteoglycan components and parvalbumin in the mongolian gerbil and rat. | cortical areas in rodents have been basically characterized by its cytoarchitecture, connectivity or by physiological parameters. in this study we show that they are revealed by distribution patterns of proteoglycans and parvalbumin-immunoreactivity. brains of young adult mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) and wistar rats were cut into series of transversal sections. proteoglycan components were detected using the n-acetylgalactosamine binding wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) and anti ... | 1994 | 7834357 |
| lectin-histochemical analysis of glycans in ovine and bovine near-term placental binucleate cells. | chorionic binucleate cells (bnc) occur in several ruminants including cow, deer, goat and sheep. they migrate through the chorionic tight junction to fuse with uterine epithelial cells and discharge their granules into maternal connective tissue. we have compared the bnc of near-term, resin-embedded, ovine and bovine placentae using 15 biotinylated lectins and an avidinperoxidase revealing system. there was pronounced conservation of saccharides between the two species. several sub-types of n-gl ... | 1994 | 7850870 |
| projection of non-cholinergic basal forebrain neurons ensheathed with perineuronal nets to rat mesocortex. | the existence of non-cholinergic (gabaergic) components in the septo-hippocampal system but also in basal forebrain projections terminating in the olfactory bulb and certain cortical areas has been documented by several authors using retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques. on the other hand, the basal forebrain also contains a high number of mainly parvalbumin-positive neurons ensheathed by a lattice-like matrix of polyanionic proteoglycans forming so-called perineuronal nets of as yet un ... | 1994 | 7893417 |
| chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-immunoreactivity of lectin-labeled perineuronal nets around parvalbumin-containing neurons. | perineuronal nets represent highly specialized glial and glia-associated structures. in this study, a triple fluorescence labeling of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-immunoreactive (cspg-ir) and n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac)-specific plant lectin wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) binding net components as well as parvalbumin-immunoreactivity (-ir) was performed. it was shown in the rat cortex, that the same nets frequently surrounding parvalbumin-ir neurons are stained by cspg-ir as well as ... | 1994 | 8173967 |
| distribution of parvalbumin-containing neurons and lectin-binding perineuronal nets in the rat basal forebrain. | in sections of rat brain treated for wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) labelling the occurrence of parvalbumin (parv)-, calbindin (calb)- or choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunoreactivity was analyzed in the basal forebrain using dual-peroxidase and double-fluorescence methods. only parv-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons were surrounded by wfa-labelled, i.e. n-acetylgalactosamine-containing, perineuronal lattice-like structures known as perineuronal nets. the distribution of these nets and parv ... | 1993 | 8298990 |
| interaction of coagulase negative staphylococci with lectins. | to investigate the reaction of 118 blood culture isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci with a panel of seven lectins. | 1993 | 8408705 |
| allocation of perineuronal nets and parvalbumin-, calbindin-d28k- and glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey. | lattice-like coatings, known as perineuronal nets, were lectin-cytochemically stained with the wisteria floribunda agglutinin in the lateral nucleus and the intermediate division of the basal nucleus of the amygdala in rhesus monkeys. perineuronal nets were demonstrated around neurons with parvalbumin- or calbindin-d28k-immunoreactivity, but not around calretinin-containing cells. in parallel dual-peroxidase staining experiments, it was demonstrated that lattice-like coatings exclusively surroun ... | 1995 | 8581495 |
| lectin recognition of host-like saccharide motifs in streptococcal cell wall polysaccharides. | viridans streptococci that participate in the microbial colonization of teeth have cell wall polysaccharides composed of linear phosphodiester-linked hexa- or heptasaccharide repeating units, each containing a host-like disaccharide motif, either gal beta 1-->3galnac or galnac beta 1-->3gal. whereas strains with galnac beta 1-->3gal-containing polysaccharides co-aggregated with streptococci that possess galnac-sensitive lectins, strains with either host-like motif co-aggregated with actinomyces ... | 1995 | 8608267 |
| in vivo and in vitro labelling of perineuronal nets in rat brain. | previous lectin-histochemical and immunocytochemical investigations using fixed tissue revealed perineuronal nets as lattice-like accumulations of extracellular matrix proteoglycans at the surface of several types of neurons. in the present study, perineuronal nets in the rat brain were labelled for the first time in vivo by stereotaxic injections of biotinylated wisteria floribunda agglutinin (bio-wfa), as well as in vitro, by incubation of unfixed brain slices with the same lectin. six days af ... | 1996 | 8782900 |
| extracellular matrix organization in various regions of rat brain grey matter. | previous studies revealed the concentration of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the so-called perineuronal nets on the one hand and in certain zones of the neuropil on the other. this nonhomogeneous distribution suggested a non-random chemical and spatial heterogeneity of the extracellular space. in the present investigation, regions dominated by one of both distribution patterns, i.e. piriform and parietal cortex, reticular thalamic nucleus, medial septum/diagonal band complex and cerebell ... | 1996 | 8818977 |
| distribution patterns of wisteria floribunda agglutinin binding sites and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the human visual cortex: a double-labelling study. | extracellular lattic-like coatings--known as perineuronal nets (pns)--ensheath certain types of neurons in the mammalian neocortex. pns and densely stippled zones in some cortical layers contain proteoglycans stainable e.g. with several plant lectins. the present study is focused on the binding sites of the plant lectin wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) and on its relationship to parvalbumin-immunoreactive (parv-ir) neuronal constituents in the human visual cortical fields 17 and 18. size and ... | 1996 | 8872558 |
| spatial relationship of lectin-labelled extracellular matrix and glutamine synthetase-immunoreactive astrocytes in rat cortical forebrain regions. | extracellular matrix proteoglycans have previously been revealed by immunocytochemical and lectin-histochemical methods as distinct perineuronal nets in the microenvironment of different types of neurons, but also as a diffuse stain throughout the neuropil in region-dependent patterns. ultrastructural investigations of perineuronal nets in subcortical regions have demonstrated glycan components in the close vicinity of astrocyte processes, suggesting that the extracellular matrix contributes dif ... | 1996 | 8886958 |
| subtype-specific expression patterns of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in rat airway epithelial cells. | we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ip3r) types 1, 2, and 3 in rat airway epithelium using the monoclonal antibodies km1112, km1083, and km1082 specific for each type of ip3r. the epithelium from trachea to distal intrapulmonary airways (bronchioles) showed positive immunoreactivity for all types of ip3r. however, cell type as well as subcellular site immunoreactivity for each type of ip3r varied. ip3r type 1 was found only in the apical ... | 1996 | 8918898 |
| developmental patterns of proteoglycan-containing extracellular matrix in perineuronal nets and neuropil of the postnatal rat brain. | the extracellular matrix is involved in various morphogenetic processes which are accompanied by changes in its physicochemical properties and spatial organization. in the adult brain it contributes to cellular communication and the regulation of neuronal activity. the present study deals with the postnatal appearance and transformation into adult distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components related to chondroitin-sulphate proteoglycans (cspgs) in the rat brain. the differential accu ... | 1997 | 9042770 |
| characterization of proteoglycan-containing perineuronal nets by enzymatic treatments of rat brain sections. | proteoglycans are among the major extracellular matrix components of the central nervous system. in the cerebral cortex and many subcortical regions, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, which are related to the aggrecan-versican-neurocan family, have been detected immunocytochemically in perineuronal nets that surround various types of neurons. this indicates that, in the brain, there is a nonhomogeneous but defined distribution of extracellular matrix components. the present study is a further ... | 1997 | 9088941 |
| species-specific beta-n-acetylgalactosaminylation of serum igg proteins. | lectin blot analysis of bovine, goat, human, rabbit and mouse serum immunoglobulin g (igg) samples revealed that wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) binds to the heavy chains of bovine, goat and human serum igg proteins but not those of the rabbit and mouse proteins. wfa-positive light chain bands were also detected in bovine, goat and human serum igg samples only after the filters were treated with arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase. the wfa-binding to these igg proteins was abolished by treat ... | 1997 | 9101715 |
| differential expression of lacdinac sequences (galnac beta 1-4glcnac-r) in glycoproteins synthesized by chinese hamster ovary and human 293 cells. | the lacdinac sequence galnac beta 1-->4glcnac beta 1-r occurs in the n- and o-glycans of many glycoproteins in vertebrate and invertebrates. we now report that both human 293 cells and chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells contain a udpgalnac:glcnac beta 1,4 n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta 1,4galnact) that forms the lacdinac sequence. the beta 1,4galnact in cho cells is distinct from beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase in that the latter enzyme, but not the former, binds to a column of immobilize ... | 1997 | 9134425 |
| glycodelin from seminal plasma is a differentially glycosylated form of contraceptive glycodelin-a. | glycodelin-a is a human amniotic fluid-derived glycoprotein with contraceptive and immunosuppressive activities. an immunoreactive form of glycodelin was detected in seminal plasma over a decade ago, but definitive characterization of this glycoprotein was not pursued. we considered it unlikely that the seminal plasma of fertile men would contain an appreciable amount of contraceptive glycodelin-a. to address this issue we purified seminal plasma glycodelin (glycodelin-s) and performed comparati ... | 1996 | 9239694 |
| cell-surface carbohydrates of entamoeba invadens. | cell-surface carbohydrates of entamoeba invadens trophozoites were analyzed using (a) a panel of highly purified lectins specific for molecules containing n-acetylglucosamine or sialic acid, n-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, mannose-like residues, and fucose; (b) escherichia coli k-12 with mannose-sensitive fimbria; (c) enzymatic digestion; and (d) scanning electron microscopy. the presence of galactose (d-gal) and n-acetylgalactosamine (d-galnac) was detected in the amoeba. previous trypsinizat ... | 1997 | 9342747 |
| perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins in adult and newborn mouse brains, with special reference to their postnatal developments. | sections of the retrosplenial cortex from adult and newborn mouse brains were observed with a light microscope. the retrosplenial cortex of the adult animals contained many neurons (10% of the total), including some dark neurons, with perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans detectable with cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin. the retrosplenial cortex of the adult animals also contained many neurons (10% of the total) with cell surface glycoproteins reactive to lectin vicia villosa, soybean or ... | 1997 | 9412738 |
| perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins in the visual cortex of adult and newborn cats. | sections of the visual cortex of newborn (1-4 weeks after birth) and adult cats were stained with cationic iron colloid, aldehyde fuchsin or lectins (lectin vicia villosa, soybean and wisteria floribunda agglutinins). many neurons in the adult cat visual cortex contained perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans detectable with cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin, or cell surface glycoproteins reactive to lectins. double staining indicated that some of the lectin-labeled neurons were not staine ... | 1997 | 9439770 |
| structural alterations and changes in cytoskeletal proteins and proteoglycans after focal cortical ischemia. | in order to study structural alterations which occur after a defined unilateral cortical infarct, the hindlimb region of the rat cortex was photochemically lesioned. the infarcts caused edema restricted to the perilesional cortex which affected allocortical and isocortical areas differently. postlesional changes in cytoskeletal marker proteins such as microtubule-associated protein 2, non-phosphorylated (smi32) and phosphorylated (smi35, smi31 and 200,000 mol. wt) neurofilaments and 146,000 mol. ... | 1998 | 9466450 |
| cortical perineuronal nets in the gray short-tailed opossum (monodelphis domestica): a distribution pattern contrasting with that shown in placental mammals. | extracellular matrix proteoglycans accumulated in perineuronal nets and in certain neuropil zones have been shown to influence the immediate neuronal microenvironment, and to contribute to the chemoarchitectonic characteristics of neuronal networks. studies in different placental mammals, including the human, have suggested that the major principles of extracellular matrix distribution remained constant during phylogenesis of the different mammalian strains. however, the comparison of matrix dis ... | 1998 | 9565318 |
| expression of lex antigen in schistosoma japonicum and s.haematobium and immune responses to lex in infected animals: lack of lex expression in other trematodes and nematodes. | adults of the human parasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni, which causes hepatosplenic/intestinal complications in humans, synthesize glycoconjugates containing the lewis x (lex) galbeta1-->4(fucalpha1-->3)glcnacbeta1-->r, but not sialyl lewis x (slex), antigen. we now report on our analyses of lexand slexexpression in s.haematobium and s.japonicum, which are two other major species of human schistosomes that cause disease, and the possible autoimmunity to these antigens in infected individuals ... | 1998 | 9592128 |
| acute and long-lasting changes in extracellular-matrix chondroitin-sulphate proteoglycans induced by injection of chondroitinase abc in the adult rat brain. | lattice-like perineuronal accumulations of extracellular-matrix proteoglycans have been shown to develop during postnatal maturation and to persist throughout life as perineuronal nets (pns) in many brain regions. however, the dynamics of their reorganization in adults are as yet unknown. the aim of the present study was to examine the capability of pns for reconstitution after experimental destruction and to search for possible consequences of extracellular-matrix degradation for neurons and gl ... | 1998 | 9746136 |
| low expression of extracellular matrix components in rat brain stem regions containing modulatory aminergic neurons. | extracellular matrix proteoglycans, particularly those accumulated in perineuronal nets (pns), have been shown to form characteristic distribution patterns in cortical and subcortical regions of adult mammals. their involvement in sustaining mechanisms that are especially related to fast activities of neurons has been discussed as one of the possible functions. the present study deals with the spatial organization of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in brain stem regions that contain aminergic ... | 1998 | 9797071 |
| the ruminant parasite haemonchus contortus expresses an alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase capable of synthesizing the lewis x and sialyl lewis x antigens. | glycoproteins from the ruminant helminthic parasite haemonchus contortus react with lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin and wisteria floribunda agglutinin, which are plant lectins that recognize alpha1,3-fucosylated glcnac and terminal beta-galnac residues, respectively. however, parasite glycoconjugates are not reactive with ricinus communis agglutinin, which binds to terminal beta-gal, and the glycoconjugates lack the lewis x (le(x)) antigen or other related fucose-containing antigens, such as sia ... | 1998 | 9870355 |
| subdivisions of the motor and somatosensory thalamus of primates revealed with wisteria floribunda agglutinin histochemistry. | we obtained well-differentiated staining of thalamic subdivisions in rhesus macaques and squirrel monkeys using a lectin, wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa), that labels extracellular matrix proteoglycans. regional variations in staining were observed within the motor and somatosensory thalamic regions that bear on current interpretations of the organization of these regions. the pattern of wfa staining was generally similar to that obtained with cat-301 antibody, which also stains proteoglyca ... | 1998 | 9874520 |
| perineuronal nets of proteoglycans in the adult mouse brain, with special reference to their reactions to gömöri's ammoniacal silver and ehrlich's methylene blue. | as our previous studies have indicated, many subsets of neurons in the vertebrate brain possess a sulfated proteoglycan surface coat which reacts to cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin. the present study demonstrated that this surface coat is supravitally stained with ehrlich's methylene blue, and doubly with this blue and aldehyde fuchsin, a finding suggesting its being identical to cajal's superficial reticulum (red superficial) and to golgi's reticular coating (revetement reticulare). ... | 1999 | 10223744 |
| neurochemical organization of inferior pulvinar complex in squirrel monkeys and macaques revealed by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, calbindin and cat-301 immunostaining, and wisteria floribunda agglutinin binding. | to investigate whether the inferior pulvinar complex has a common organization in different primates, the chemoarchitecture of the visual thalamus was re-examined in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and macaques (macaca mulatta). the inferior pulvinar (pi) complex consisted of multiple subdivisions and encompassed the classic pi, and adjacent ventral parts of the lateral and medial pulvinar (pl and pm, respectively). in keeping with nomenclature suggested previously for macaques, the pi subdi ... | 1999 | 10379830 |
| neuronal and glial structures of the superficial layers of the human superior colliculus. | we studied neuronal and glial elements in the superficial layers of the human superior colliculus by means of nissl stains, golgi impregnations, histochemical demonstration of nadph-d activity and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in astrocytes. the glia-neuron interface was visualized with wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa), which is a marker for perineuronal nets. the laminar pattern and the morphology of the major cell types closely resembled that found in othe ... | 1999 | 10395011 |
| phosphacan immunoreactivity is associated with perineuronal nets around parvalbumin-expressing neurones. | a special feature of the extracellular matrix in adult brains of various species is the concentration of certain components around different sub-populations of neurones, giving rise to net-like structures termed perineuronal nets. recently, some of these components have been identified but the function of these nets has yet to be resolved. using immunofluorescence microscopy, we report here that phosphacan, a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, is an additional component of wisteria floribunda la ... | 1999 | 10407120 |
| two distinct populations of cholinergic neurons in the septum of raccoon (procyon lotor): evidence for a separate subset in the lateral septum. | the present study focused on cholinergic neurons in the lateral septal region of the raccoon detected by choline acetyltransferase (chat)-immunostaining. for comparison of the cholinergic neurons of the medial and lateral septal nuclei, soma sizes were measured, and several antibodies were applied that differentially characterize these cells in several species: low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75(ntr)), calbindin-d(28k) (calb), and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cnos). to compare th ... | 1999 | 10440713 |
| the extracellular matrix in the mouse brain: its reactions to endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase and certain other enzymes. | as our previous studies have indicated, the cingulate cortex of the adult mouse brain contains many neurons with rich cell surface glycoproteins which are linked by collagenous ligands to perineuronal proteoglycans. the present study demonstrated that exclusive incubation with endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase abolished the lectin vicia villosa or wisteria floribunda agglutinin (vva or wfa) labeling of the nerve cell surface glycoproteins, while it neither interfered with the cationic iron co ... | 1999 | 10495882 |
| cortical neurons immunoreactive for the potassium channel kv3.1b subunit are predominantly surrounded by perineuronal nets presumed as a buffering system for cations. | perineuronal nets (pns) are known as chondroitin sulphate-rich, lattice-like coatings of the extracellular matrix. in the cortex of mammalian species investigated so far, they were mainly found around gabaergic neurons, but to a lesser degree also around pyramidal cells. previous investigations in the rat revealed similar distribution patterns of fast-firing neurons expressing both the kv3.1b subunit of voltage-gated potassium channels and the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin. in the present ... | 1999 | 10526091 |
| perineuronal nets ensheath fast spiking, parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the medial septum/diagonal band complex. | perineuronal nets, composed of extracellular matrix material, have previously been associated with parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the medial septum/diagonal band (ms/db) complex of the rat. the aim of this study was to correlate the presence of perineuronal nets with electrophysiological properties and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in ms/db neurons. intracellular recordings were made from cells in a brain slice preparation maintained in vitro, and neurons were characterized into four popul ... | 2000 | 10762312 |
| morphology of perineuronal nets in tenascin-r and parvalbumin single and double knockout mice. | recently identified chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in perineuronal nets include neurocan and phosphacan. however, the function and assembly of these components has yet to be resolved. in this study we show morphological alteration in wisteria floribunda labelled nets around cortical interneurones both in tenascin-r knockout and tenascin-r/parvalbumin double knockout mice. this alteration reflects the loss of phosphacan and neurocan from cortical nets in mice deficient in tenascin-r. no effec ... | 2000 | 10793198 |
| the two faces of perineuronal nets. | perineuronal nets are extracellular structures enwrapping the soma and proximal dendrites of some neurons known to be parvalbumin immunoreactive. the composition of the nets is not completely known, but it can change between different neurons. we studied the heterogeneous composition of a specific component of perineuronal nets, the signaling molecule janusin (or tenascin r), by means of a double immunofluorescence using lectin from wisteria floribunda as a general marker for perineuronal nets a ... | 2000 | 10923649 |
| the perineuronal proteoglycan surface coat in the adult rat brain, with special reference to its reactions to gömöri's ammoniacal silver. | the present study showed that many neurons in the adult rat brain possessed a perineuronal sulfated proteoglycan surface coat which reacted to cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin. this surface coat was stained supravitally with ehrlich's methylene blue and doubly stained with ehrlich's methylene blue and aldehyde fuchsin. the surface coat was also stained with gömöri's ammoniacal silver and doubly stained with gömöri's ammoniacal silver and cationic iron colloid. the surface coat was usua ... | 2000 | 10925735 |
| light and confocal laser-scanning microscopical evidences for complementary patterns of glial fibrillary acidic protein and wisteria floribunda agglutinin labeled structures in human and rat brain. | we investigated the pattern of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) labeled structures in the superior colliculus and in the somatosensory cortex of humans and rats of different age groups using immunohistochemical methods, light and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. we never found a double labeling of wfa and gfap positive structures neither in the superior colliculus nor in the cortex of both man and rat. the complementary pattern of wfa and gfap la ... | 2000 | 10987181 |
| postnatal development of perineuronal nets in wild-type mice and in a mutant deficient in tenascin-r. | the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-r (tn-r), colocalizing with hyaluronan, phosphacan, and aggregating chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the white and grey matter, is accumulated in perineuronal nets that surround different types of neurons in many brain regions. to characterize the role of tn-r in the formation of perineuronal nets, we studied their postnatal development in wild-type mice and in a tn-r knock-out mutant by using the lectin wisteria floribunda agglutinin and an an ... | 2000 | 11077416 |
| the subrhinal paleocortex in the hedgehog tenrec: a multiarchitectonic characterization and an analysis of its connections with the olfactory bulb. | in the madagascan hedgehog tenrec, echinops telfairi, the entire paleocortical region (pcx) subjacent to the rhinal indentation is composed of three layers and occupies up to two thirds of the lateral hemisphere. a clear differentiation of pcx into its presumed constituents, the piriform cortex and the entorhinal cortex, as seen in other mammals, has not been obtained so far. to gain insight into location and intrinsic organization of these areas in a basal placental mammal we investigated the t ... | 2000 | 11131016 |
| wisteria floribunda agglutinin labeling patterns in the human cortex: a tool for revealing areal borders and subdivisions in parallel with immunocytochemistry. | wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) is a lectin that labels selectively n-acetylgalactosamines beta 1 (galnac beta 1-3 gal) residues of glycoproteins within the extracellular matrix of the neurons, and has been identified as a specific marker for functionally different cortical areas of the rodent brain. here we report that wfa-binding sites can be used for the characterization of cortical areas and their subdivisions of the immersion-fixed human brain. wfa-binding showed an area-specific distr ... | 2001 | 11195088 |
| perineuronal nets show intrinsic patterns of extracellular matrix differentiation in organotypic slice cultures. | perineuronal nets (pns), consisting of extracellular matrix proteoglycans, complexed with hyaluronan and colocalized with tenascins, are associated with distinct neuronal populations in mature mammalian brain. pns have been shown to appear postnatally during the period of synaptic refinement and myelination, indicating the commencement of mature physiological properties of neurons. here we show that the developmental patterns of formation of pns are well preserved in organotypic slice cultures p ... | 2001 | 11310175 |
| perineuronal nets in the rhesus monkey and human basal forebrain including basal ganglia. | perineuronal nets of extracellular matrix have been shown to characterize the microenvironment of individual neurons and the chemoarchitecture of brain regions such as basal forebrain nuclei. previous work has also demonstrated that neurons in the human cerebral cortex ensheathed by perineuronal nets rarely undergo cytoskeletal changes in alzheimer's disease, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of extracellular matrix components. it is not known, however, whether or not perineuronal nets are abs ... | 2001 | 11734361 |
| enriched environmental conditions reverse age-dependent gliosis and losses of neurofilaments and extracellular matrix components but do not alter lipofuscin accumulation in the hindlimb area of the aging rat brain. | we provide a description of a correlation of lipofuscin accumulation and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebral cortex of aged rats. glial fibrillary acidic protein showed a complementary distribution pattern to perineuronal nets, visualized with wisteria floribunda agglutinin. with progressing age (12-36 months), a strong increase of lipofuscin and gliosis occurred in functionally characterized cortical areas, whereas a concomitant, area-specific loss of perineuronal nets ... | 2002 | 11861126 |
| characterization of the binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator to the asialoglycoprotein receptor. | in order to study the role of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (asgpr) in the rapid plasma clearance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-pa), a microtiter plate binding assay was developed using asgpr purified from rat liver extracts. urinary two-chain u-pa bound to immobilized asgpr in a saturable manner with an ec50 of 0.2 microm. binding was inhibited by rabbit antibodies against the asgpr. in line with the known carbohydrate specificity of the asgpr, galnac proved to be the most effect ... | 2002 | 12152683 |
| saccadic omnipause and burst neurons in monkey and human are ensheathed by perineuronal nets but differ in their expression of calcium-binding proteins. | the extracellular matrix of the brain contains large aggregates of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (cspg), which form lattice-like cell coatings around distinct neuron populations and are termed perineuronal nets. the function of perineuronal nets is not fully understood, but they are often found around neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, suggesting a function in primarily highly active neurons. in the present paper the distribution of perineuronal nets was studied in t ... | 2003 | 12483686 |
| in bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and placental prolactin-related protein-i are conjugated to asparagine-linked n-acetylgalactosaminyl glycans. | bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells (bncs) produce large amounts of pas-positive cytoplasmic granules. after fusion of bncs with uterine epithelial cells, the contents of these granules are released into the maternal stroma which underlies the uterine epithelium. histochemically, the granules can be labeled with n-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectins ( dolichos biflorus, vicia villosa, and wisteria floribunda agglutinins) and with phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. in this study, we used ... | 2003 | 12649735 |
| responses of neurons in the middle temporal visual area after long-standing lesions of the primary visual cortex in adult new world monkeys. | the retinotopic organization of the middle temporal visual area (mt) was determined in six adult owl monkeys and one adult marmoset 69 d to 10 months after lesions of the dorsolateral primary visual cortex (v1). the lesions removed were limited to extensive parts of the representation of the lower visual quadrant in v1. microelectrodes were used to record from neurons at numerous sites in mt to determine whether parts of mt normally devoted to the lower visual quadrant (1) were unresponsive to v ... | 2003 | 12657684 |
| heterogeneity in olfactory neurons in mouse revealed by differential expression of glycoconjugates. | cell surface glycoconjugates have been implicated in the growth and guidance of subpopulations of primary olfactory axons. while subpopulations of primary olfactory neurons have been identified by differential expression of carbohydrates in the rat there are few reports of similar subpopulations in the mouse. we have examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of glycoconjugates recognized by the lectin from wisteria floribunda (wfa) in the mouse olfactory system. in the developing olfactory ... | 2002 | 12769259 |
| differences in glycosylation and sperm-egg binding inhibition of pregnancy-related glycodelin. | glycodelin is a glycoprotein produced in many glands, particularly those of reproductive tissues. it appears as different glycoforms in amniotic fluid (glycodelin-a) and seminal plasma (glycodelin-s), but only glycodelin-a inhibits gamete adhesion. in the present study, glycodelin from secretory-phase endometrium, first-trimester pregnancy decidua, and midtrimester amniotic fluid was studied with respect to physicochemical properties, including glycosylation patterns and inhibitory activity of s ... | 2003 | 12826581 |
| region and lamina-specific distribution of extracellular matrix proteoglycans, hyaluronan and tenascin-r in the mouse hippocampal formation. | the extracellular matrix is known to show region-specific characteristics in the adult brain. our comparative cytochemical study is focused on the laminar organisation of major extracellular matrix constituents in the murine hippocampal formation, including the regions ca1, ca2 and ca3 of the hippocampus proper, the dentate gyrus, the subiculum and the presubiculum. components related to chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans were detected by n-acetylgalactosamine-binding wisteria floribunda aggluti ... | 2003 | 12954529 |
| diffuse perineuronal nets and modified pyramidal cells immunoreactive for glutamate and the gaba(a) receptor alpha1 subunit form a unique entity in rat cerebral cortex. | perineuronal nets (pns) consisting of polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (cspg) and other extracellular matrix components create an exceptional microenvironment around certain types of neurons. in rat neocortex, three types of pns can be distinguished after staining with wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa) by their different morphological structure: lattice-like pns associated with subpopulations of nonpyramidal neurons, weakly labeled pns showing a pyramidal morphology, and diffuse ... | 2003 | 14769362 |
| destruction of extracellular matrix proteoglycans is pervasive in simian retroviral neuroinfection. | disruption of the perineuronal matrix has been reported in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) encephalitis. to better understand the extent of matrix disruption during lentiviral encephalitis, we characterized the extracellular matrix (ecm) damage in brains of 12 macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). matrix integrity was assessed by wisteria floribunda lectin histochemistry. confocal microscopy was used to quantify matrix loss, macrophage infiltration, and synaptic damage. ... | 2004 | 15262273 |
| perineuronal nets characterized by vital labelling, confocal and electron microscopy in organotypic slice cultures of rat parietal cortex and hippocampus. | perineuronal nets (pns) of the extracellular matrix have been shown to develop in organotypic slice cultures largely corresponding with regional patterns known from in vivo experiments. in the present study, we use vital labelling to investigate aspects of the cell type-dependent development of pns associated with nonpyramidal neurons and pyramidal cells in the parietal cortex and hippocampus. frontal sections were cut from brains of 3-5-day-old rats and were cultured for 3-5 weeks. pns were seq ... | 2004 | 15328915 |
| influence of post-mortem delay and storage temperature on the immunohistochemical detection of antigens in the cns of mice. | the aim of this work was to compare the results of histochemical and immunohistochemical methods using mouse brains which were fixed with various post-mortem delays and storage temperatures (at a constant 4 degrees c or 22 degrees c, or at gradually decreasing post-mortem temperatures, mimicking conditions of human corpse). we studied the effects of post-mortem delay on glial fibrillary acidic protein, extracellular matrix components to which wisteria floribunda agglutinin binds, non-phosphoryla ... | 2004 | 15625785 |
| distribution of aquaporin 4 in rodent spinal cord: relationship with astrocyte markers and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. | water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. aquaporin 4 (aqp4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet contacting vessels. a role in water homeostasis control has been proposed also for the extracellular matrix, that in brain consists mainly of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (cspgs ... | 2005 | 15789430 |
| decomposition and long-lasting downregulation of extracellular matrix in perineuronal nets induced by focal cerebral ischemia in rats. | the upregulation of extracellular matrix components, especially chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, after brain injury and stroke is known to accompany the glial reaction, forming repellent scars that hinder axonal growth and the reorganization of the injured neuronal networks. the extracellular matrix associated with perineuronal nets (pns) in the primarily injured and remote regions has not yet been systematically analyzed. we use the model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) t ... | 2005 | 15806566 |
| wisteria floribunda gall extract inhibits cell migration in mouse b16f1 melanoma cells by regulating cd44 expression and gtp-rhoa activity. | extracts from galls grown on wisteria floribunda are used as an anti-tumoral preparation in oriental traditional medicine. here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of this anti-tumoral effect by first examining whether the extract inhibited cell migration in a b16 cell-based wound healing assay. the gall extract delayed wound healing in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that one or more components of the fraction inhibited cell migration. examination of two molecules known to be ... | 2005 | 16023319 |
| degradation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans induces sprouting of intact purkinje axons in the cerebellum of the adult rat. | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are major constituents of the extracellular matrix and form perineuronal nets. information regarding the growth-inhibitory activity of these molecules after injury is rapidly expanding. however, less is known about their physiological role in the adult undamaged cns. here, we investigated the function of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in maintaining the proper structure of purkinje axons in the cerebellum of adult rats. to this end, we examined the morphology ... | 2005 | 16079397 |
| effect of an herbal formula containing ganoderma lucidum on reduction of herpes zoster pain: a pilot clinical trial. | administration of hot water extracts of a herbal formula containing ganoderma lucidum, wtmcgepp (wisteria floribunda 0.38, trapa natans 0.38, miristica agrans 0.38, coix lachryma-jobi 0.75, cultivated ganoderma lucidum 0.75, elfuinga applanata 0.38, tissue cultured panax ginseng 0.3, and punica granatum 0.38: numerals designate dry weight gram/dose), decreased herpes zoster pain for five japanese patients suffering from shingles. pain relief started within a few days of intake and was almost com ... | 2005 | 16173526 |
| construction of perineuronal net-like structure by cortical neurons in culture. | perineuronal nets consisting of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid are associated with distinct neuronal populations in mammalian brain. whether neurons or glia cells produce these surface-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan perineuronal nets has remained in question. in the present study, we observed perineuronal net-like structure by rat cortical neurons in dissociated culture using wisteria floribunda aggulutinin, hyaluronic acid binding protein, and the antibodies ... | 2005 | 16182457 |
| immunohistochemical approach to the pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in its early stages. | an immunohistochemical and histochemical study was carried out on the brains of nine cases of bse-diagnosed cattle as part of the surveillance plan in catalonia, spain. the animals had no clinical symptoms reported and were thus at early stages of the disease. the first part of the study consisted of a characterization of prp(bse) deposits throughout the encephalon. the behaviour of the different immuno-labelling patterns was analysed and tropism of some patterns towards certain brain areas was ... | 2006 | 16406559 |
| axon initial segment ensheathed by extracellular matrix in perineuronal nets. | perineuronal nets of extracellular matrix are associated with distinct types of neurons in the cerebral cortex and many subcortical regions. large complexes of aggregating proteoglycans form a chemically specified microenvironment around the somata, proximal dendrites and the axon initial segment, including the presynaptic boutons attached to these domains. the subcellular distribution and the temporal course of postnatal formation suggest that perineuronal nets may be involved in the regulation ... | 2006 | 16427210 |
| wisteria floribunda lectin is associated with specific cell types in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the gerbil, meriones unguiculatus. | the cochlear nucleus is made up of a number of diverse cell types with different anatomical and physiological properties. a plant lectin, wisteria floribunda agglutinin, that recognizes specific carbohydrate residues in the extracellular matrix binds to some cell types in the ventral cochlear nucleus but not to cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. in the ventral cochlear nucleus, the most intensely labeled cells are octopus cells, a subset of multipolar cells and cochlear root neurons. the mult ... | 2006 | 16497454 |
| subpopulations of neurons expressing parvalbumin in the human amygdala. | amygdalar intrinsic inhibitory networks comprise several subpopulations of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons, each characterized by distinct morphological features and clusters of functionally relevant neurochemical markers. in rodents, the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (pvb) and calbindin d28k (cb) are coexpressed in large subpopulations of amygdalar interneurons. pvb-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons have also been shown to be ensheathed by perineuronal nets (pnn), extracellular matrix en ... | 2006 | 16615121 |
| apical golgi localization of n,n'-diacetyllactosediamine synthase, beta4galnac-t3, is responsible for lacdinac expression on gastric mucosa. | beta1,4-n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase iii (beta4galnac-t3), which was recently cloned and identified, exhibits galnac transferase activity toward a glcnacbeta residue with beta1,4-linkage, forming the n,n'-diacetyllactosediamine, galnacbeta1,4glcnac (lacdinac or ldn). though lacdinac has not been found in the gastric mucosa, a large amount of transcript was detected in our previous study. to increase our knowledge of beta4galnac-t3 expression and its product lacdinac, we examined the exact l ... | 2006 | 16728562 |
| organization of brain extracellular matrix in the chilean fat-tailed mouse opossum thylamys elegans (waterhouse, 1839). | we investigated the structural and molecular organization of the extracellular matrix in thylamys elegans, a marsupial representative of the mammalian order didelphimorphia. perineuronal nets (pns) associated with distinct types of neurons were visualized by detection of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and hyaluronan, and by labeling with wisteria floribunda agglutinin (wfa), a marker for pns in the mammalian brain. in the neocortex of thylamys, these methods revealed pns on pyramidal cells. i ... | 2006 | 16996716 |
| erythropoietin-mediated preservation of the white matter in rat spinal cord injury. | we investigated the effect of a single administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhepo) on the preservation of the ventral white matter of rats at 4 weeks after contusive spinal cord injury (sci), a time at which functional recovery is significantly improved in comparison to the controls [gorio a, necati gokmen n, erbayraktar s, yilmaz o, madaschi l, cichetti c, di giulio am, enver vardar e, cerami a, brines m (2002) recombinant human erythropoietin counteracts secondary injury and mar ... | 2007 | 17141961 |
| upregulation of aggrecan, link protein 1, and hyaluronan synthases during formation of perineuronal nets in the rat cerebellum. | extracellular matrix molecules accumulate around central nervous system neurons during postnatal development, forming so-called perineuronal nets (pnns). pnns play a role in restricting plasticity at the end of critical periods. in the adult rat cerebellum, pnns are found around large, deep cerebellar nuclei (dcn) neurons and golgi neurons and are composed of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (cspgs), tenascin-r (tn-r), hyaluronan (ha), and link proteins, such as cartilage link protein 1 (crtll) ... | 2007 | 17206619 |
| mapping of aggrecan, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulphate proteoglycans and aquaporin 4 in the central nervous system of the mouse. | the extracellular matrix (ecm) of the central nervous system (cns) is found dispersed in the neuropil or forming aggregates around the neurons called perineuronal nets (pnns). the ecm mainly contains chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (cspg), hyaluronic acid (ha) and tenascin-r. heparan sulphate proteoglycans (hspg) can also be secreted in the ecm or be part of the cell membrane. the ecm has a heterogeneous distribution which has been linked to several functions, such as specific regional mainte ... | 2007 | 17349777 |
| activity-dependent formation and functions of chondroitin sulfate-rich extracellular matrix of perineuronal nets. | extracellular matrix molecules--including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and tenascin-r--are enriched in perineuronal nets (pns) associated with subsets of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. in the present study, we show that similar cell type-dependent extracellular matrix aggregates are formed in dissociated cell cultures prepared from early postnatal mouse hippocampus. starting from the 5th day in culture, accumulations of lattice-like extracellular structures labeled with ... | 2007 | 17443809 |
| characterization of neuronal subsets surrounded by perineuronal nets in the rhesus auditory brainstem. | the distribution of perineuronal nets and the potassium channel subunit kv3.1b was studied in the subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, the medial and lateral superior olivary nuclei, the lateral lemniscal nucleus and the inferior colliculus of the rhesus monkey. additional sections were used for receptor autoradiography to visualize the patterns of gabaa and gabab receptor distribution. the kv3.1b protein and perineuronal nets [visualized as wisteria fl ... | 2007 | 17451528 |
| formation of perineuronal nets in organotypic mouse brain slice cultures is independent of neuronal glutamatergic activity. | perineuronal nets (pns) are a specialized form of the extracellular matrix and cover specific sets of neurons in distinct brain areas. animal experiments on sensory visual deprivation have demonstrated that the generation of pns around neurons of the visual cortex is dependent on neuronal activity during the critical period of visual experience. the importance of the activity of specific neurotransmitter systems for pn formation has, however, not yet been demonstrated. based on the predominantly ... | 2007 | 17561838 |
| herbal mixtures containing the mushroom ganoderma lucidum improve recovery time in patients with herpes genitalis and labialis. | to investigate the time course for resolution of symptoms from recurrent herpes simplex viral infections after treatment with the herbal mixture wttcge [wisteria floribunda, trapa natans, terminalia chebulae, coicis lachryma-jobi, ganoderma lucidum, elfuinga applanata]. | 2007 | 18047445 |
| discordant localization of wfa reactivity and brevican/adamts-derived fragment in rodent brain. | proteoglycan (pg) in the extracellular matrix (ecm) of the central nervous system (cns) may act as a barrier for neurite elongation in a growth tract, and regulate other characteristics collectively defined as structural neural plasticity. proteolytic cleavage of pgs appears to alter the environment to one favoring plasticity and growth. brevican belongs to the lectican family of aggregating, chondroitin sulfate (cs)-bearing pgs, and it modulates neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. several ada ... | 2008 | 18221525 |