| characterization of proteins released from legume seeds in hot water. | when immersed in water at 50-60 degrees, mature soybean seeds release a large amount of protein. the major protein released was basic 7s globulin (bg), which is present in the cotyledons of soybean seeds. the released bg consisted of the 27,000 and 16,000 subunits which were linked by disulphide bonding and glycosylated. the released bg exhibited an identical structure with the mature bg which was synthesized in the normal developing seeds. proteins like bg were also found to be released into ho ... | 1992 | 1368037 |
| immunological properties of lectins from green shells of winged bean, and n-terminal amino acid sequence of basic seed lectin-like green shell lectin. | | 1990 | 1368514 |
| tissue binding pattern of plant lectins in benign and malignant lesions of thyroid. | n-acetyl d-galactosamine specific lectins were isolated from the seeds of jack fruit (artocarpus integrifolia) and winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and d-galactose specific lectin was isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea). these lectins were conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (hrp) and were used to study the lectin binding properties of benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid. for comparison of the results 10 normal fresh autopsy specimens were included in the study. the peanut ... | 1992 | 1625034 |
| lectin binding ability of b-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. | the binding of five fluorescein-labelled lectins: peanut agglutinin (pna), lentil agglutinin (len), soybean agglutinin (sba), wheat germ agglutinin (wga) and asparagus pea agglutinin (asp) to human b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (b-cll) and b lymphocytes of normal donors was studied. the specificity of the fluorescence was demonstrated by inhibition with appropriate saccharides. the proportion of b cells was estimated using anti-b cell monoclonal antibody. both leukaemic and normal b cells ... | 1990 | 1695180 |
| a nodulin specifically expressed in senescent nodules of winged bean is a protease inhibitor. | nodule senescence is one aspect of nitrogen fixation that is important to study from the perspective of improving the host-bacteroid interaction. in winged bean nodules, a 21-kilodalton protein is specifically expressed when senescence begins. using subcellular fractionation, we observed that this plant protein interacts with the bacteroids. microsequencing of the protein allowed us to obtain a specific oligonucleotide that was used to isolate the corresponding nodule cdna. sequence analysis of ... | 1991 | 1840910 |
| tissue staining properties of lectins from the seeds of the jack fruit (artocarpus integrifolia) and the winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus). | n-acetyl-d-galactosamine binding lectins from winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and jack fruit (artocarpus integrifolia) were isolated, purified and conjugated with horse radish peroxidase and their tissue staining properties studied. despite having an apparently common inhibiting sugar, the lectins showed differences in their staining properties. the lectin from the winged bean stained none of the mouse and human tissues tried even after neuraminidase treatment whereas the jack fruit le ... | 1987 | 2452865 |
| effect of raw winged bean [psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc] tuber lectin on gastrointestinal tract of growing rats. | the fraction containing high hemagglutinating activity was prepared from raw winged bean tubers and orally administered to growing rats. the food intake and body weights of these rats decreased as the level of lectin increased and significant lectin activity was detected in the faeces extracted from these rats which is anti-genically similar to the native lectin preparation. microscopic examination has revealed morphological changes in the intestinal epithelial cells. the binding action of the l ... | 1989 | 2514144 |
| the use of fluorescein-conjugated lectins for visualizing atypical mycobacteria. | we investigated the feasibility of using fluorescein-conjugated lectins for visualizing and differentiating two species of atypical mycobacteria. pure cultures of mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium chelonei were established, as was an experimental model of infectious keratitis involving these two organisms. samples from the pure cultures and corneal scrapings were placed on glass slides, fixed, and incubated with one of a panel of 22 fluorescein-conjugated lectins. the slides were examine ... | 1989 | 2757550 |
| antigenic composition of an endocarditis-associated isolate of streptococcus faecalis and identification of its glycoprotein antigens by ligand blotting with lectins. | the antigenic composition of an endocarditis-associated isolate of streptococcus faecalis was studied by immunoblotting of whole cells and cell walls from sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels on to nitrocellulose and detection with serum from patients and hyperimmune rabbit serum. a major envelope protein antigen of mol. wt 53 x 10(3) detected with patient's serum was also present in three urinary strains of str. faecalis and a laboratory strain of str. faecalis ss. zymogenes but not in s ... | 1986 | 3081728 |
| purification and characterization of proteinase inhibitors from winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc.) seeds. | seven proteinase inhibitors were isolated from winged bean seeds by ion-exchange chromatographies. these inhibitors had molecular weights of around 20,000, included four half-cystine residues, and were kunitz-type inhibitors. two (wti-2 and 3) inhibited bovine trypsin strongly and four (wci-1, 2, 3, and 4) inhibited bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, but in different ways. one mole of wci-2 or -3 could inhibit 2 mol of alpha-chymotrypsin. the remaining inhibitor (wtci-1) could bind both bovine trypsin a ... | 1986 | 3086304 |
| heterogeneity of human natural killer cells with respect to lectin-binding ability. | the binding ability of peanut agglutinin (pna), lentil agglutinin (len), soybean agglutinin (sba), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), and asparagus pea agglutinin (asp) to human natural killer (nk) cells with the use of the double-marker immunofluorescence technique was studied. for identification of nk cells, vep 13 (dc 16) monoclonal antibody was used. the receptor for pna lectin was shown exclusively after neuraminidase treatment of cells, and vep 13 antigen was neuraminidase resistant. the majorit ... | 1987 | 3295353 |
| tissue binding patterns of lectins in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. | lectins from the seeds of jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) and winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) were isolated using an immobilized n-acetyl d-galactosamine column and conjugated to type vi horse radish peroxidase. the purified conjugate was used for the study of tissue specificities using diaminobenzidine as the substrate on dewaxed tissue sections of normal, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, verucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. in spite of havi ... | 1987 | 3449613 |
| thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of carbohydrate binding to the basic lectin from winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus). | a basic lectin (pi approximately 10.0) was purified to homogeneity from the seeds of winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) by affinity chromatography on sepharose 6-aminocaproyl-d-galactosamine. the lectin agglutinated trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes and had a relative molecular mass of 58,000 consisting of two subunits of mr 29,000. the lectin binds to n-dansylgalactosamine, leading to a 15-fold increase in dansyl fluorescence with a concomitant 25-nm blue shift in the emission maximum. the ... | 1986 | 3753974 |
| the complete amino acid sequence of trypsin inhibitor de-3 from erythrina latissima seeds. | trypsin inhibitor de-3 from erythrina latissima seeds contains 172 amino acids, including 4 half-cystine residues, and resembles the kunitz-type inhibitors. limited hydrolysis of de-3 with trypsin at ph 3 produced two fragments, f1 and f2, containing 63 and 109 amino acids, respectively. amino-terminal sequence studies revealed that f1 was the n-terminal and that f2 was the c-terminal fragment. the complete amino acid sequence of fragments f1 and f2 was then determined on peptides produced by en ... | 1985 | 3902809 |
| characterization of the acidic lectins from winged bean seed (psophocarpus tetragonolobus(l.)dc). | the seeds of winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus(l.)dc, contain two distinct groups of lectins characterized by different erythrocyte hemagglutinating specificities and isoelectric points. three acidic lectins (i, ii, and iii) (pi approximately 5.5) were purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on ultrogel aca44 and sp-sephadex c-25. these lectins are glycoproteins with relative molecular mass of 54,000. the total carbohydrate content of the acidic lectins was 7% and was comprised ... | 1985 | 3970525 |
| novel application of quantitative immunoassays for screening seed globulins of cowpea varieties. | using antibodies raised in rabbits, radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) are standardized for cowpea (var. pusa barsati) seed globulins. the ria, when used to screen three stages of seed development, reveals that maximum globulins are detected at 28 days after flowering. when three different varieties of cowpea are assayed for their globulin content by ria and elisa, it is observed that the bold grain cowpea has the highest amount of related globulin as compared t ... | 1985 | 4063471 |
| the winged bean: promise or problem? | | 1985 | 4080270 |
| nutritive value of the winged bean (psophocarpus palustris desv.). | | 1971 | 5166332 |
| agriculture and nutrition at village level, underexploited village resources. | developing country villages contain plants, animals and technologies whose extraordinary potentials are poorly appreciated by scientists. examples of nutritious village crops that are still largely undeveloped and unappreciated outside their traditional villages are the winged bean, amaranths and the tepary bean. tropical tree legumes, such as leucaena, grow fast and fix nitrogen and--although barely studied by foresters--are promising sources for village firewood and lumber. there are several a ... | 1980 | 6106942 |
| stability and physicochemical properties of a trypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l)dc). | the stability and physicochemical properties of the major trypsin inhibitor from the winged bean seed (designated trypsin inhibitor 2) have been studied in solution. the purified inhibitor, which stoichiometrically inhibits bovine trypsin in the molar ratio 1:1, is stable over the ph range 3-11 at ambient temperatures. only a slight decrease in inhibitory activity occurs down to ph 2, but a sharper decrease occurs at ph values above 11. the inhibitor is stable to heat up to 60 degrees c, but at ... | 1984 | 6518160 |
| a survey of the nutritional and haemagglutination properties of legume seeds generally available in the uk. | eighty-five samples from fifteen different legume seed lines generally available in the uk were examined by measurements of their net protein utilization by rats and by haemagglutination tests with erythrocytes from a number of different animal species. from these results the seeds were classified into four broad groups. group a seeds from most varieties of kidney (phaseolus vulgaris), runner (phaseolus coccineus) and tepary (phaseolus acutifolius) beans showed high reactivity with all cell type ... | 1983 | 6615758 |
| purification and properties of the basic lectins from winged bean seed [psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc]. | the seeds of winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc, contain a group of acidic lectins (pi approximately equal to 5.5) and a group of basic lectins (pi greater than 9.5) characterised by different erythrocyte hemagglutinating specificities. three basic lectins were separated and purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on ultrogel aca44 and sp-sephadex c-25. these lectins are glycoproteins with relative molecular mass of 58 000. the total carbohydrate content of the major lec ... | 1984 | 6692833 |
| specificity and stability of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l) dc). | the specificity of the winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor is restricted to the chymotrypsins (ec 3.4.21.1 and ec 3.4.21.2). trypsins (ec 3.4.21.4), elastase (ec 3.4.21.11), subtilisins (ec 3.4.21.14), proteinase k (ec 3.4.21.14) and pronase (ec 3.4.24.4) are not inhibited. the inhibitor reacts with two molecules of chymotrypsin to form a stable complex (mr approx. 70 0000) which was isolated by gel filtration on sephadex g-100. when mixed with substrate, the interaction of the inhibitor with alp ... | 1981 | 6783095 |
| biological effects of isolated trypsin inhibitor from winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) on rats. | | 1982 | 7061765 |
| [preliminary trial of the cultivation of winged beans (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) in guatemala and variations in their chemical composition]. | there is no reliable information concerning the cultivation practices of winged bean cultivars in the area; therefore, it was considered of interest to participate in the first international winged bean trial, which was peformed according to a standardized procedure. the planting site was located at 90 degrees longitude and 15 degrees latitude, and 250 meters above sea level, in a hot-humid environment. sowing was performed in the middle of november, under continuous irrigation until april. duri ... | 1982 | 7181624 |
| isolation and properties of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l) dc.). | a new inhibitor of bovine alpha-chymotrypsin has been isolated from winged bean seed. the inhibitor was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on chymotrypsin-sepharose, following the removal of the trypsin inhibitors on trypsin-sepharose. the inhibitor has a molecular weight of approx. 21,000 and amino acid analysis showed that it contains four half-cystine residues, lacks methionine, and is rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine and leucine. the inhibitor does not inhibit bov ... | 1980 | 7407236 |
| the recognition of three different epitopes for the h-type 2 human blood group determinant by lectins of ulex europaeus, galactia tenuiflora and psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean). | the chemical mapping of the regions of h-type 2 human blood group-related trisaccharide (fuc alpha (1-2)gal beta (1-4)glcnac beta me) that are recognized by three different lectins, the so-called epitopes, are reviewed together with an account of how and why oligosaccharides form specific complexes with proteins as presently viewed in this laboratory. the occasion is used to report the synthesis of the various mono-o-methyl derivatives of the above trisaccharide that were used in these investiga ... | 1994 | 7535136 |
| conformation and stability of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc). | spectrophotometric measurement was found to be a sensitive method for evaluating the stability of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from the winged bean. the thermal stability of this protein in aqueous solution was much greater at ph 3 than at ph 8 or ph 11. evidence from u.v. absorption and from circular dichroism indicated that irreversible conformation changes occurred at higher temperature (greater than 70 degrees). circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion studies at ph 8 show that the i ... | 1985 | 4019022 |
| identification of rhizobium plasmid sequences involved in recognition of psophocarpus, vigna, and other legumes. | symbiotic dna sequences involved in nodulation by rhizobium must include genes responsible for recognizing homologous hosts. we sought these genes by mobilizing the symbiotic plasmid of a broad host-range rhizobium mpik3030 (= ngr234) that can nodulate glycine max, psophocarpus tetragonolobus, vigna unguiculata, etc., into two nod- rhizobium mutants as well as into agrobacterium tumefaciens. subsequently, cosmid clones of pmpik3030a were mobilized into nod+ rhizobium that cannot nodulate the cho ... | 1986 | 3958042 |
| two isolectins from leaves of winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc. | two isolectins were isolated from leaves of winged bean and characterized. they differed from each other in terms of their immunological properties, hemagglutinating activities, sugar inhibition patterns, and amino acid compositions. both lectins were acidic and one of them (l-i), which was inactive toward trypsinized human type o erythrocytes, was similar to one of green shell lectins (wgs-1); which resembled basic seed lectin in its immunological properties. the amino-terminal sequence of l-i ... | 1994 | 7820375 |
| preparation and characterization of lectin-latex conjugates for specific bioadhesion. | this paper reports on the preparation and characterization of certain bioadhesive model drug deliver systems formed by a carrier (e.g. modified nanoparticles of polystyrene) and a ligand (e.g. tomato lectin, asparagus pea lectin, mycoplasma gallisepticum lectin or albumin). three different manufacturing methods (carbodiimide and glutaraldehyde coupling and physical adsorption) were studied. the activity of the lectin-latex conjugates and albumin-latex conjugate (control) were tested with gastric ... | 1994 | 7833437 |
| influence of spices on protein utilisation of winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and horsegram (dolichos biflorus). | the influence of a mixture of eleven spices commonly consumed in india on the utilisation of protein from boiled winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and horsegram (dolichos biflorus) was studied at 10 and 20 percent level of protein intake in experimental rats. spices used in the mixture include red chillies (capsicum annum), black pepper (piper nigrum), coriander (coriandrum sativum), cumin (cuminum cyminum), garlic (allium sativum), ajowan (carum copticum), turmeric (curcuma longa), cara ... | 1994 | 7855088 |
| winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc) as a substrate for growth and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic strains of aspergillus spp. | the mold flora of seeds of twelve varieties of winged beans was determined both before and after surface disinfections. when seeds were surface disinfected, mold fungi were detected in 73% of the seeds whereas 81% of the seed that was not disinfected produced mold fungi. aspergillus spp. was most frequently present while penicillium spp. occurred in seed of 4 varieties and in less than 4% of the seed. twelve isolates of a. flavus and a. parasiticus were examined for their ability to produce afla ... | 1985 | 3929093 |
| antinutritional and biochemical properties of winged bean trypsin inhibitors. | the trypsin inhibitors (ti) of winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) isolated by affinity chromatography consisted of 8 protein bands by disc polyacrylamide electrophoresis. all the bands exhibited trypsin inhibitor activity (tia) with two of the major bands also exhibiting chymotrypsin inhibitor activity (cia). electrofocusing separated the ti into 5 protein bands. two bands with dual tia/cia activities had acidic pi while 3 bands with tia only had alkaline pi. the ti belonged to two molecu ... | 1986 | 3799286 |
| amino acid sequence of the winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) basic lectin. adenine binding and identification of the active-site tryptophan residue. | the complete amino acid sequence of winged bean basic agglutinin (wba i) was obtained by a combination of manual and gas-phase sequencing methods. peptide fragments for sequence analyses were obtained by enzymatic cleavages using trypsin and staphylococcus aureus v8 endoproteinase and by chemical cleavages using iodosobenzoic acid, hydroxylamine, and formic acid. cooh-terminal sequence analysis of wba i and other peptides was performed using carboxypeptidase y. the primary structure of wba i was ... | 1994 | 7983025 |
| aluminum contents of the edible portions of the winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc. (fabaceae): field study and caveat. | the winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc has been widely recognised as a potentially useful source of protein for tropical regions of the world. a neglected aspect of the plants nutritional quality has been the reporting of the accumulation of aluminum (al) in the edible parts of the plant; the leaves, pods, seeds and tubers. the accumulation of al in the plant on acidic tropical soils and the implication of al to human health problems further justified the inclusion of al in nutriti ... | 1994 | 8153063 |
| ubiquitous nuclear proteins bind to 5' upstream region of major kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor gene in winged bean. | winged bean kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) accumulates abundantly in seeds and tuberous roots of winged bean plant. in seeds, the wci mrna is observed transiently during seed maturation period. the wci is encoded by a multigene family and the major wci (wci-3) is encoded by two nearly identical genes (wci-3a and wci-3b genes), in which nucleotide sequences in the 1.1 kb 5' flanking regions are about 99% homologous to each other and the transcribed regions are completely identical. here we r ... | 1993 | 8292779 |
| comparative nutritive value of winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l) dc) and other legumes grown in tanzania. | chemical analyses and feeding experiments using rats were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of winged bean and other legumes (soyabean, green gram, bambarra nuts, pigeon peas, field beans, cow peas) sources grown in tanzania. proximate analyses showed that the composition of winged bean was similar to soyabean, while the composition of the other legumes differed considerably. this was also the case for antinutritional constituents and minerals. as to the amino acid composition, the lysin ... | 1995 | 8577651 |
| effect of ingested winged bean lectin on gastrointestinal function in the rat. | the present study was undertaken to provide further evidence for mechanisms proposed for the toxicity of ingested winged bean lectin in animals: to determine its effect on activities of some hydrolases localized in the brush border membrane of the small intestine. an adaptive increase in sucrase activity of rats given a high-sucrose diet (hsd) was restrained by the addition to hsd of a lectin fraction (wblf) isolated from raw winged beans but not by that of heated wblf or soybean trypsin inhibit ... | 1986 | 3712104 |
| changes of localization of lectin-binding sites on the intestinal epithelial cell surface membrane during differentiation of the columnar intestinal cells. | light and electron microscopically localizations of concanavalin a, soybean agglutinin, and asparagus pea lectin-binding sites on the intestinal microvillous membrane were studied by means of horseradish peroxidase labelled lectins. the distribution of the lectin-binding sites was composed with the cell differentiation from the crypts to the tip of the intestinal villi. the visualization of lectin receptors in the mucin vesicles in the goblet cells was established as well. the controls for the d ... | 1987 | 3450537 |
| surface carbohydrate changes on onchocerca lienalis larvae as they develop from microfilariae to the infective third-stage in simulium ornatum. | use was made of seven fitc labelled lectins as tools to investigate the surface of onchocerca lienalis larvae as they develop through to the infective third-stage in a natural vector, simulium ornatum. the lectins were derived from canavalia ensiformis (con a), lens culinaris (lentil), triticum vulgaris (wheat germ), arachis hypogaea (peanut), helix pomatia, phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) and tetragonolobus purpureus (asparagus pea). between 70 and 100 living parasites were examined for each d ... | 1988 | 3142948 |
| winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc) as a substrate for growth and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic strains of aspergillus spp. | the mold flora of seeds of twelve varieties of winged beans were determined both before and after surface disinfections. when seeds were surface disinfected, molds were detected in 73% of the seeds whereas 81% of the seed that was not disinfected produced molds. aspergillus spp. were most frequently present while penicillium spp. occurred in seed of 4 varieties and in less than 4% of the seed. twelve isolates of a. flavus and a. parasiticus were examined for their ability to produce aflatoxins. ... | 1986 | 3083261 |
| cdna cloning, expression, and rapid purification of a kunitz-type winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor. | a 183-residue kunitz-type winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor (wbci), inhibits its cognate protease at a molar ratio of 1:2, instead of the usual ratio of 1:1 common to other members of the family. from the cdna pool obtained by reverse transcription of the poly(a)+ rna of the developing winged bean seeds, the structural gene of wbci has been amplified by pcr using primers designed to delete the 24-residue signal peptide and introduce ecori and sali sites at the ends of the amplified dna. the lat ... | 1997 | 9179296 |
| the ry sequence is necessary but not sufficient for the transcription activation of a winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor gene in developing seeds. | a winged bean kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) is expressed in seeds and tuberous roots. in seeds, the expression of wci is restricted to the period between the mid- and late-maturation stage. to understand the mechanisms that regulate the expression of wci genes, we analyzed the promoter activity of the upstream region of the wci-3b gene, which encodes a major wci protein, in transgenic tobacco plants. by using a series of constructs with 5' deletions in the upstream sequences, the regi ... | 1997 | 9207835 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of winged bean acidic lectin. | the acidic lectin (wbaii) from the winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) binds to the h-antigenic determinant on human erythrocytes and to the t-antigenic disaccharide gal-beta1,3-galnac. two crystal forms of wbaii were obtained in the presence of methyl-alpha-d-galactose. form i belongs to space group r3 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 182.11, c = 44.99 a and has one dimer in the asymmetric unit. form ii belongs to space group c2 with unit-cell dimensions a = 135.36, b = 127.25, c = 139.9 ... | 1999 | 10089380 |
| covalent coupling of asparagus pea and tomato lectins to poly(lactide) microspheres. | lectin-poly(lactide) microsphere conjugates specifically designed for oral administration were prepared and their activity and specificity in presence of mucus were characterized. the presence of hydroxyl or amino groups suitable for covalent coupling of lectins by the glutaraldehyde method at the surface of the microspheres have been ensured by preparing the particles in presence either of poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) or bovine serum albumin (bsa). tomato and asparagus pea lectins could be covalen ... | 2001 | 11250101 |
| in vivo binding of the winged bean basic lectin labeled with iodo[2-14c]acetic acid to the intestinal epithelial cells of the rat. | winged bean basic lectin was labeled with iodo[2-14c]acetic acid. the radiolabeling affected neither the antigenicity nor the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin. a liquid test meal consisting of [14c]lectin and an unabsorbable marker, [3h]polyethylene glycol (peg), was administered to rats in order to investigate behavior of the lectin in the gastrointestinal tract. at 1 h after administration, 54% of the administered [14c]lectin was still in the stomach, 1% had reached the cecum, and 1-6% ... | 1989 | 2493518 |
| binding of lectins to human leukaemic cells. | the interactions of five different lectins: peanut (pna), lentil (len), wheat germ (wga), soybean (sba), asparagus pea (fbp) with leukaemic cells obtained from 31 children: 25 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) and 6 with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (aml) were examined in this study. the relationship of lectin-binding ability to cells cytomorphological, cytochemical and immunological features and its potential clinical application were investigated. it has been shown that pna and len rece ... | 1989 | 2475405 |
| erythrocyte-binding studies on an acidic lectin from winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus). | an acidic lectin (wba ii) was isolated to homogeneity from the crude seed extract of the winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) by affinity chromatography on lactosylaminoethyl-bio-gel. binding of wba ii to human erythrocytes of type-a, -b and -o blood groups showed the presence of 10(5) receptors/cell, with high association constants (10(6)-10(8) m-1). competitive binding studies with blood-group-specific lectins reveal that wba ii binds to h- and t-antigenic determinants on human erythrocyt ... | 1988 | 2458714 |
| ethylnitrosourea treatment increases lectin binding to mouse germ cells. | germ cell toxicity was assessed by investigating the binding of fitc-labeled lectins to mouse testis cells before and 18 days after treatment with ethylnitrosourea (enu). flow cytometry of testis cells dual-labeled with fitc-lectin plus the dna stain, propidium iodide, allowed analysis of haploid (1c), diploid (2c), and dividing (4c) cell populations. soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, concanavalin a and limax flavus agglutinin bound to normal mouse testis cells containing 1c, 2c or 4c d ... | 1987 | 2445052 |
| lectin histochemistry of normal human lung. | this study aimed to identify and specify the glycotypes of cell populations in normal human lung including types i and ii pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages and mast cells, and also in the larger tissue structures of lung, including blood vessels and bronchi/bronchioles, using lectin- and immuno-histochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue from 11 normal cases. the alveolar macrophages were anti-cd68 positive whereas the cells lining the alveolar walls were positive for cytokeratins. the alveolar m ... | 2004 | 15328919 |
| psophocarpus tetragonolobus agglutinin reveals n-acetyl galactosaminyl residues confined to endothelial cells and some epithelial cells in human tissues. | we studied the binding of psophocarpus tetragonolobus agglutinin (pta) conjugates to human adult tissues. in all kidney specimens studied, pta bound in a blood group-independent way to endothelia in glomerular and intertubular capillaries as well as in larger vessels. in addition, a heterogeneous binding to collecting duct cells was seen. in specimens of human smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle, cerebellum, lung, thyroid gland, liver, proliferative endometrium, and placenta, pta bound only to ... | 1990 | 2110587 |
| the in vitro transformation of the miracidium to the mother sporocyst of schistosoma margrebowiei; changes in the parasite surface and implications for interactions with snail plasma factors. | the in vitro transformation of the miracidium to the mother sporocyst of schistosoma margrebowiei was initiated by placing the miracidium in mammalian physiological saline. the transformation occurs in stages: the cilia cease beating; the ciliated plates become detached from the intercellular ridges and underlying muscle layers; the intercellular ridges spread over the body surface eventually forming a new tegument; the sporocyst changes from an ovoid to a tubular shape in about 48 h at room tem ... | 1992 | 1614739 |
| distribution of lectins in tissues, derived callus, and roots of psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean). | the distribution of lectin in parental tissues, roots formed de novo from parental stem tissue, and derived callus cells of psophocarpus tetragonolobus has been measured by hemagglutinating activity and radioimmunoassay. the antisera used for the radioimmunoassay was raised in rabbits to lectin isolated from seeds by affinity chromatography using insolubilized hog gastric mucin. the distribution of lectin in buffer extracts of the tissues (or cells) and the extracellular medium favors the tissue ... | 1982 | 16662537 |
| cpd staining: an effective technique for detection of nors and other gc-rich chromosomal regions in plants. | mitotic chromosome spreads of 16 plant species belonging to six families were analyzed using an improved combined pi and dapi (cpd) staining procedure. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with 45s rdna probe was conducted sequentially on the same spreads to evaluate the efficiency and sensitivity of the technique. fluorochrome staining with chromomycin a3 (cma)-dapi also was conducted to clarify the properties of the sequences involved in the cpd banded regions. our results revealed that a ... | 2006 | 16760123 |
| structure and regulated expression of kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor genes in winged bean [psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc]. | we analyzed the structure and the expression of kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) genes in winged bean. wci was encoded by a multigene family which comprised at least seven members. from their primary structures, four genes (wci-2, wci-3a, wci-3b, and wci-x) were expected to be functional ones and the other three (wci-p1, wci-p2, and wci-p3) to be pseudogenes. the nucleotide sequences of the wci-3a and wci-3b genes were nearly identical, and they encoded the wci-3 protein, the major chymotryps ... | 1992 | 1569049 |
| [preparation of lectin-conjugated plga nanoparticles and evaluation of their in vitro bioadhesive activity]. | in this study, wheat germ agglutinin (wga), tomato lectin (tl) and asparagus pea lectin (al) were covalently coupled to conventional poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (plga) nanoparticles using a carbodiimide method to take the bioadhesive properties. the influences of the amounts of activating agents and lectins, as well as the activating time and incubating time on the effect of lectin conjugating were investigated to optimize the preparation conditions. the mean diameters of the performed nanopart ... | 2007 | 17703782 |
| mechanism of lectin-cell interactions: thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the binding of winged bean acidic lectin (wba ii) to human erythrocytes. | in order to identify the forces involved in the binding and to understand the mechanism involved, equilibrium and kinetic studies were performed on the binding of the winged bean acidic lectin to human erythrocytes. the magnitudes of delta s and delta h were positive and negative respectively, an observation differing markedly from the lectin-simple sugar interactions where delta s and delta h are generally negative. analysis of the sign and magnitudes of these values indicate that ionic and hyd ... | 1992 | 1398717 |
| genomic and cdna cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of chymotrypsin-trypsin inhibitor from winged bean seeds. | a 516-bp winged bean chymotrypsin-trypsin inhibitor (wbcti) gene was amplified from genomic dna and cdna isolated from winged bean using a pair of degenerate primers designed on the basis of the amino acid sequences of wbcti. the amplified pcr products were cloned and sequenced to confirm their authenticity. dna sequence analysis of the genomic and cdna clones of wbcti revealed the same nucleotide sequence in the coding region and showed wbcti to be an intron less gene. wbcti was subcloned into ... | 2009 | 20032560 |
| purification and characterization of a lectin from seeds of the winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.)dc. | a lectin from seeds of the winged bean, psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.)dc, has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on a bio-gel lactobionate adsorbent. the lectin is rich in acidic amino acids, and after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, appeared as a single band of pi5.5 the molecular weight of the lectin is 46 000 +/- 2000 as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis detected a single type of subunit with a molecular weight ... | 1979 | 508795 |
| prevalence and quantification of vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at retail level. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the biosafety of vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at wet market and supermarket in malaysia. a combination of most probable number - polymerase chain reaction (mpn-pcr) method was applied to detect the presence of v. parahaemolyticus and to enumerate their density in the food samples. the study analyzed 276 samples of common vegetables eaten raw in malaysia (wild cosmos = 8; japanese parsley = 21; cabbage = 30; lettuce = 16; indian penn ... | 2010 | 20208446 |
| isolation and characterization of the trypsin inhibitors from winged bean seed (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l) dc.). | the trypsin inhibitors from winged bean seed were isolated by affinity chromatography on trypsin-sepharose 4b and the components fractionated by chromatography on sp-sephadex c-25 and sephadex g-100. the major components, inhibitors 2 and 3 were found to be homogeneous proteins with molecular weights of about 20,000. the inhibitors stoichiometrically inhibited bovine trypsin in the molar ratio of 1 : 1 whereas the inhibition of bovine alpha-chymotrypsin was weak and non-stoichiometric. amino aci ... | 1979 | 454647 |
| differential expression of lectin-binding sites defines mouse intestinal m-cells. | we investigated the binding of four lectins to the follicle-associated epithelium (fae) overlying fixed mouse small intestinal peyer's patches to identify m-cell-specific surface markers. wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin displayed heterogeneous staining patterns, binding most avidly to the intestine goblet cells. in contrast, the lectins ulex europaeus 1 (uea 1) and psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean; wba) were almost exclusively m-cell specific. when confocal laser scanning ima ... | 1993 | 7691933 |
| site-directed mutagenesis to identify key residues in structure-function relationship of winged bean chymotrypsin-trypsin inhibitor and 3-d structure prediction. | winged bean chymotrypsin trypsin inhibitor (wbcti) is a kunitz type serine protease inhibitor that inhibits both trypsin and chymotrypsin at 1:1 molar ratio. site-directed mutagenesis study was employed to generate two mutants of wbcti, with an aim to explore its dual inhibitory properties against the proteases. the mutants were expressed in escherichia coli and, were purified to homogeneity using a single step immunoaffinity column. the two mutants, each containing a single mutation at the amin ... | 2011 | 21235486 |
| bacterial adherence in otitis media: determination of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) residues in the submucosal glands and surface epithelium of the normal and diseased eustachian tube. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most common childhood infection caused by bacteria. the pathogenesis of aom implicates initial adherence of a pathogen to the nasopharyngeal epithelium, which is followed by bacterial colonization of the middle ear cavity through the eustachian tube. n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) is an important constituent of mucins and galnac containing sugar residues seem to be essential for initial adherence of respiratory bacteria to the surface of epithelial cells. | 2011 | 21440051 |
| gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of fatty acids in seed oil of winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc). | fatty acids of winged bean seed oil were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of their pyrrolidide derivatives. oleic and linoleic acids were determined to be the major unsaturated fatty acids in the oil. long chain saturated fatty acids, such as behenic and lignoceric acids, were found in relatively high amounts as compared with other edible seed oils. the fatty acids that could not be separated by gas liquid chromatography were identified as linolenic acid and arachidic acid respec ... | 1982 | 7161648 |
| biological potential of sixteen legumes in china. | phenolic acids have been identified in a variety of legumes including lima bean, broad bean, common bean, pea, jack bean, goa bean, adzuki bean, hyacinth bean, chicking vetch, garbanzo bean, dral, cow bean, rice bean, mung bean and soybean. the present study was carried out with the following aims: (1) to identify and quantify the individual phenolic acid and determine the total phenolic content (tpc); (2) to assess their antioxidant activity, inhibition activities of α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, ... | 2011 | 22072935 |
| effect of feeding a raw winged bean seeds on gastrointestinal functions in rats. | the primary cause of the adverse effects of feeding of raw winged bean seeds in rats was investigated. in experiment 1, rats were fed on either a raw winged bean diet or a steamed winged bean diet for 10 days. body weight gain of rats fed on 30% raw winged bean diet was significantly lower than that of rats fed on 30% steamed winged bean diet. the adverse effect of the feeding of 30% raw winged bean diet on growth was accompanied by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including a significant ... | 1982 | 7097373 |
| amino acid sequences of two trypsin inhibitors from winged bean seeds (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l)dc.). | the trypsin inhibitor (wti-1) purified from winged bean seeds is a kunitz type protease inhibitor having a molecular weight of 19,200. wti-1 inhibits bovine trypsin stoichiometrically, but not bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. the approximate ki value for the trypsin-inhibitor complex is 2.5 x 10(-9) m. the complete amino acid sequence of wti-1 was determined by conventional methods. comparison of the sequence with that of soybean trypsin inhibitor (sti) indicated that the sequence of wti-1 had 50% hom ... | 1983 | 6643426 |
| localization of lectin binding sites on the rat intestinal microvillous membrane. | the distribution of peroxidase labeled asparagus pea lectin and soybean agglutinin on the rat intestinal microvillous membrane was studied. controls were carried out to determine the reaction specifity . some analogy was established between the distribution of the binding sites of both lectins. the reaction product was deposited mainly on the microvillous membrane of the crypt cells and the cells from the lower part of the intestinal villi, and to a lesser extent on the upper part of the latter. ... | 1984 | 6428129 |
| winged bean in human nutrition. | protein calorie malnutrition is prevalent in many developing countries of the tropics and subtropics. improvement of protein supply to meet the demand of a growing population necessitates utilization of unconventional protein sources. winged bean, a high protein crop, is one of the important underexploited legumes of the tropics. all the plant parts, viz., seeds, immature pods, leaves, flowers and tubers are edible. mature seeds contain 29 to 37% proteins and 15 to 18% oil. it has fairly good am ... | 1984 | 6386338 |
| amino acid sequence of the acidic kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from winged-bean seed [psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc]. | the primary sequence of trypsin inhibitor-2 (wbti-2) from psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc seeds was determined. this inhibitor consists of a single polypeptide chain of 182 amino acids, including four half-cystine residues, and an n-terminal residue of pyroglutamic acid. the sequence of wbti-2 showed 57% identity to the basic trypsin inhibitor (wbti-3) and 50% identity to the chymotrypsin inhibitor (wbci) of winged bean, and 54% identity to the trypsin inhibitor de-3 from erythrina latissima ... | 1990 | 1980416 |
| lectin receptors as markers of lymphoid cells. i. demonstration in tissue section by peroxidase technique. | the distribution of lectin binding receptors in human lymphoid tissue (lymph node and tonsil) was studied in an effort to identify lectins with potential application as cell markers. using a simple peroxidase technique applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, the binding properties of five lectins were investigated: concanavalin a (con a), arachis hypogaea (peanut agglutinin), lotus tetragonolobus (asparagus pea), glycine max (soybean agglutinin) and bandeiraea simplicifolia. thre ... | 1984 | 6380299 |
| transcriptional activities of a winged bean kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor gene promoter in stable and transient expression systems. | sequential deletions of the promoter region of the wci-3b gene, which encodes the major chymotrypsin inhibitor of winged bean, were constructed and their expression was analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants and in bombarded winged bean seeds. in transgenic tobacco plants, a critical promoter region which is important for high levels of expression in seeds was identified, but deletion of this region had essentially no effect when bombarded into winged bean seeds. | 1994 | 7765604 |
| lectin binding in the anterior segment of the bovine eye. | eleven different fluorescent lectin-conjugates were used to reveal the location of carbohydrate residues in frozen sections of the anterior segment of bovine eyes. the lectins were specific for the following five major carbohydrate groups: (1) glucose/mannose group (concanavalin a (con a)); (2) n-acetylglucosamine group (wheat germ agglutinin (wga)); (3) galactose/n-acetylgalactosamine group (dolichos biflorus agglutinin (dba), helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), helix aspersa agglutinin (haa), psop ... | 1994 | 7883589 |
| membrane glycoconjugates expressed on sheep airway epithelium. | in mammalian lung, selective airway inflammatory reactions have been associated with viral infections, transplant rejection, and autoimmune diseases. although the molecular basis for this selective reactivity is unknown, the importance of carbohydrates in immunologic processes suggests a potential role for membrane glycoconjugates in tissue-specific inflammatory reactions. in the present work we examined a panel of 39 lectins for their pattern of reactivity in the peripheral airways of the sheep ... | 1994 | 7930516 |
| bioadhesion of lectin-latex conjugates to rat intestinal mucosa. | the specific interactions between three lectin-latex conjugates and different structures of rat intestinal mucosa have been studied ex vivo. | 1996 | 8956340 |
| a gene encoding a major kunitz proteinase inhibitor of storage organs of winged bean is also expressed in the phloem of stems. | winged bean kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) accumulates abundantly in seeds and tuberous roots, and small amounts of the wci protein and mrna can also be detected in stems. in this study, we analyzed the localization of the wci protein in stems of winged bean. the results demonstrated that the wci protein was localized in sieve tubes. furthermore, we showed that the 5' region of the wci-3b gene, which exhibited strong transcriptional activity in developing seeds, also promoted transcription ... | 1996 | 9002623 |
| localized agglutinin staining in muscle capillaries from normal and very old atrophic human muscle using winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) lectin. | the winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) agglutinin (total lectin) and its basic (wba i) and acidic isoform (wba ii) were used to analyze capillaries in sections from human muscle. the microvessels were clearly labeled after incubation with the lectins in both normal muscle and in old muscles with age-related type ii atrophy or muscle fiber grouping. muscle fibers, nerves, and connective tissue remained unstained. the total lectin detected muscle capillaries from all blood group ab0 individ ... | 1997 | 9049639 |
| evolution of a multigene family that encodes the kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor in winged bean: a possible intermediate in the generation of a new gene with a distinct pattern of expression. | winged bean kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) accumulates in an organ-specific and temporally regulated manner. the protein is encoded by a multigene family that includes at least four putative inhibitor-coding genes and three pseudogenes. the structure of the wci genes indicates that an insertion at a 5' proximal site occurred after duplication of the ancestral wci gene and that several gene conversion events subsequently contributed to the evolution of this gene family. analysis of the promo ... | 1997 | 9108292 |
| agrobacterium mediated transformation of vigna sesquipedalis koern (asparagus bean). | agrobacterium mediated transformation of vigna sesquipedalis was achieved using cotyledonary node explants prepared from 5 days old seedlings germinated on b5 basal medium, and transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101, carrying the phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase gene and neomycin-3-phosphotransferase-ii gene as selectable markers and gus gene as a screenable marker. gene transfer was achieved by inoculation of cotyledonary node explants with a bacterial suspension and a fu ... | 2000 | 11272416 |
| molecular analysis of gene regulation and function during male gametophyte development. | we have characterised three pollen-expressed genes (lat52, lat56 and lat59) from tomato in order to determine their role in pollen development, and to determine the dna sequences responsible for gene expression in pollen. lat52 encodes a protein that shows amino acid sequence similarity to a protein encoded by a pollen-specific cdna clone (pzmc13) isolated from maize, and both proteins have amino acid sequence similarity to kunitz trypsin inhibitors of soybean and winged bean. the proteins encod ... | 1991 | 1843411 |
| expression of winged bean basic agglutinin in spodoptera frugiperda insect cell expression system. | in this paper we report the successful expression of the winged bean basic agglutinin (wba i) in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus carrying the wba i gene and its characterization in terms of its carbohydrate binding properties. the expressed protein appears to have a lower molecular weight than the native counterpart which is consistent with the lack of glycosylation of the former. moreover, the expressed protein maintains its dimeric nature. hence, a role for glycosylation i ... | 2001 | 11893002 |
| bean common mosaic virus isolates causing different symptoms in asparagus bean in china differ greatly in the 5'-parts of their genomes. | potyvirus isolates from asparagus bean ( vigna sesquipedalis) plants in zhejiang province, china, caused either rugose and vein banding mosaic symptoms (isolate r) or severe yellowing (isolate y) in this host, but were otherwise similar in host range. both isolates were completely sequenced and shown to be isolates of bean common mosaic virus (bcmv). the complete sequences were 9992 (r) or 10062 (y) nucleotides long and shared 91.7% identical nucleotides (93.2% identical amino acids) in their ge ... | 2002 | 12111434 |
| Effect of oral intake of winged bean extract on a skin lichenification model: Evaluation by microarray analysis. | Winged bean (WB), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, is a tropical legume, the potential of which is not fully understood. We found that 5-week oral administration of a WB seed extract inhibited wrinkle formation induced by repeated tape stripping (TS) as a model of lichenification in human chronic eczematous dermatitis. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of WB on this model, we applied microarray analysis. Hierarchical clustering revealed that each experimental group formed a distinct cluster, ... | 2011 | 22038710 |
| transformation of lrp gene into brassica napus mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens to enhance lysine content in seeds. | lysine rich protein (lrp) gene derived from the seed of psophocarpus tetragonolobus was transformed into brassica napus, employing cotyledon petiole as explants and by using the agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404. transformation efficiency was found to be closely related with phytohormone concentration, infection incubation, and co-cultured time. a medium containing 4 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (6-ba) and 0.3 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (naa) was used for plant regeneration. with infection incu ... | 2011 | 22384690 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of psophocarpin b1, a chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean seeds. | psophocarpin b1 is a 20,000 mr protein of winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seeds having chymotrypsin inhibitory activity. single crystals of this protein suitable for x-ray crystallographic studies have been obtained by the vapour diffusion method using ammonium sulphate. the crystals are hexagonal, space group p6(4)22 or p6(2)22, cell dimensions a = b = 61 a, c = 210 a. they are stable to irradiation with x-rays and diffract to at least 2.6 a resolution. | 2008 | 2254924 |
| molecular and biological properties of an endornavirus infecting winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus). | a double-stranded rna (dsrna) of approximately 15 kbp was isolated from asymptomatic winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) plants. the size of the dsrna, together with results of rt-pcr testing, suggested that it was the replicative form of a plant endornavirus. cloning, sequencing, and sequence analyses confirmed the endornavirus nature of the dsrna. conserved motifs typical for endornaviruses were identified and their amino acid sequences compared with those of selected endornaviruses. phy ... | 2017 | 27714495 |
| the complete amino acid sequence of a kunitz family trypsin inhibitor from seeds of acacia confusa. | the complete amino acid sequence of a kunitz-type two-chain trypsin inhibitor was determined for the first time. the sequence of the inhibitor from acacia confusa (acti) was determined by analysis of peptides obtained from the reduced and s-carboxymethylated protein by digestion with endopeptidase lys-c, endopeptidase arg-c, and v8 endopeptidase. acti is comprised of two chains, namely a and b chains linked by the disulfide bridge between cys(133) and cys(141), and the inhibitor consists of 175 ... | 1993 | 8468333 |
| development of high-lysine rice via endosperm-specific expression of a foreign lysine rich protein gene. | lysine (lys) is considered to be the first limiting essential amino acid in rice. although there have been extensive efforts to improve the lys content of rice through traditional breeding and genetic engineering, no satisfactory products have been achieved to date. | 2016 | 27357959 |
| ancordin, the major rhizome protein of madeira-vine, with trypsin inhibitory and stimulatory activities in nitric oxide productions. | anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis, or the synonymous name of boussingaultia baselloides or boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides, is a south american species of ornamental succulent vine, commonly known as the madeira-vine. the fresh leaves of madeira-vine are frequently used as vegetables. a. cordifolia is an evergreen climber that grows from fleshy rhizomes. the rhizome contained one major (23kda) protein band under non-reducing condition in the sds-page. the first 15 amino acids in ... | 2007 | 17499881 |
| gene expression patterns of helicoverpa armigera gut proteases. | relative quantification of reported gut proteinase cdnas from helicoverpa armigera larvae fed on various host plants (cotton, chickpea, pigeonpea, tomato and okra), non-host plant pis (winged bean, bitter gourd, ground nut, and capsicum) and during larval development has been carried out using semi-quantitative rt-pcr. five trypsin-like and three chymotrypsin-like proteinases were categorized as insensitive or sensitive to most of the proteinase inhibitors (pis) and insensitive/sensitive to spec ... | 2005 | 15763471 |
| expression of melanotransferrin isoforms in human serum: relevance to alzheimer's disease. | levels of soluble melanotransferrin in serum have been reported to be higher in patients with alzheimer's disease than in control subjects. the present study investigated melanotransferrin in human body fluids in the light of these findings. to clarify the correlation between melanotransferrin and alzheimer's disease, the melanotransferrin content was determined by non-reducing, denaturing sds/page and western blotting. under these conditions, serum melanotransferrin migrated at 79 and 82 kda. m ... | 2003 | 12809550 |
| plasmid-linked nif and "nod" genes in fast-growing rhizobia that nodulate glycine max, psophocarpus tetragonolobus, and vigna unguiculata. | forty-nine fast-growing rhizobium strains from the nodules of 26 different tropical legume genera were screened to find isolates that would (i) nodulate, e.g., winged beans, so producing large nodules for rna and protein isolation; (ii) also nodulate various small-seeded legumes, thus allowing screening of large numbers of mutants; and (iii) harbor plasmids containing nif structural genes as well as other functions involved in nodulation. on the basis of six different criteria, this rhizobial gr ... | 1984 | 16593465 |
| dna content of free living rhizobia and bacteroids of various rhizobium-legume associations. | the dna content of bacteroids from 22 different rhizobium-legume associations was compared to that of the corresponding free living rhizobium species using laser flow microfluorometry. in all 18 effective associations, the bacteroids had either similar or higher dna content than the free living rhizobia. bacteroid populations isolated from effective clover (trifolium repens) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) nodules had an average dna content of >1.5-fold higher than free living r. trifolii and r. m ... | 1979 | 16660736 |
| heavy metal accumulations of 24 asparagus bean cultivars grown in soil contaminated with cd alone and with multiple metals (cd, pb, and zn). | crops grown in heavy metal contaminated soils are an important avenue for these toxic pollutants entering the human food chain. information on how crops respond to soil contaminations of single versus multiple metals is scarce and much needed. this study investigated the accumulation of cd by 24 cultivars of asparagus bean (vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis l., family fabaceae) under a low level (0.8 mg kg-1) and a high level (11.8 mg kg-1) of cd exposure in a garden experiment, and that in ... | 2007 | 17263511 |
| winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitors retard growth of helicoverpa armigera. | two putative kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor genes (wci2 and wci5) were isolated from winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus (l.) dc). while wci2 has previously been characterized, wci5 represents a new member of the wci family. wci5 was exclusively expressed in winged bean seeds. theoretical translation of both the genes resulted into polypeptides of 207 amino acids with 86% sequence similarity. the polypeptide sequences contain four half-cysteine residues and a well-conserved leu(65)-ser( ... | 2009 | 19059315 |
| antimicrobial activities and toxicity of crude extract of the psophocarpus tetragonolobus pods. | the extract of the psophocarpus tetragonolobus pods has been tested for antimicrobial activity in a disk diffusion assay on eight human pathogenic bacteria and two human pathogenic yeasts. the extracts of p. tetragonolobus possessed antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. the ethanolic extract of p. tetragonolobus pods was further tested for in vivo brine shrimp lethality test and in vitro sheep erythrocyte cytotoxic assay. the brine shrimp lethality test exhibited no significant toxi ... | 2006 | 20162073 |
| lectin anchored plga nanoparticles for oral mucosal immunization against hepatitis b. | present study aimed at exploring the potential of α-l-fucose specific, lta (lotus tetragonolobus from winged or asparagus pea) as a homing device for nanocarriers to target the m cell for elicitation of strong immune response. lta grafted poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids) (plga) nanoparticles encapsulating hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was developed and characterized for shape, size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and antigen loading efficiency. the peyer's patch uptake was studied by ... | 2011 | 20334603 |
| identification of fucosylated glycoconjugates in xenopus laevis testis by lectin histochemistry. | glycoconjugates play roles in many physiological and pathological processes. previous works have shown important functions mediated by glycans in spermatogenesis, and the carbohydrate composition of testis has been studied by several approaches, including lectin-histochemical methods. however, the testis of xenopus laevis, an animal model extensively employed in biochemical, cell and developmental research, has not yet been analysed. the aim of this work was to carry out a histochemical study of ... | 2010 | 20617442 |