| rhodamine immunohistofluorescence applied to plant tissue. | tissue slices from the roots and seeds of sanifoin (onobrychis viciifolia, scop.) exhibit bright autofluorescence when illuminated with blue (495 nm) light. this autofluorescence is indistinguishable from the fluorescence emission of fluorescein, the commonly used fluorochrome in immunohistochemical staining procedures. rhodamine isothiocyanate, when coupled to immunoglobulin, and excited with green light at 546 nm, exhibits a reddish-orange fluorescence with an emission maximum at 590 nm. plant ... | 1978 | 353187 |
| isolation and properties of a lectin from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia, scop.). | a glycoprotein capable of binding simple carbohydrates and causing hemagglutination has been isolated from seeds of the legume plant sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia, scop. var eski). the phytolectin was prepared by affinity chromatography of ph 7.0 sodium phosphate extracts on columns of sepharose-4b containing covalently attached d-mannose. molecular weight determinations showed the lectin to be a dimer consisting of 26 000 dalton, non-covalently associated monomers. amino acid analyses indicat ... | 1979 | 546436 |
| the glycosyl moiety of lectin from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia, scop.). | a lectin isolated from the seeds of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia, scop. var eski) has been shown to be a glycoprotein containing 2.6% (w/w) neutral carbohydrate and 1.6% (w/w) glucosamine (hapner, k.d. and robbins, j.e. (1979) biochim. biophys. acta 580, 186--197) a homogeneous glycopeptide accounting for 70% of the original glycoprotein carbohydrate was isolated from pronase digests of the lectin by gel filtration chromatography. gas-liquid chromatographic and amino acid analyses showed the ... | 1979 | 546437 |
| the dinitrophenyl group as a selective label in high-performance liquid chromatography of peptides. | 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene can be used to selectively label histidine, tyrosine, and cysteine residues in maleylated proteins. the usefulness of the resulting chromophores for peptide mapping by high-performance liquid chromatography was demonstrated with the lectin from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia). the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp) label also can be used in a hydrophobic modulation approach as the mobility of a labeled model peptide changes considerably when its dnp group is removed by thiolysi ... | 1987 | 3605591 |
| the effect of leuco-anthocyanins in sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) on the availability of protein to sheep and upon the determination of the acid detergent fibre and lignin fractions. | | 1971 | 5090461 |
| the digestion of dried lucerne (medicago sativa l.) and dried sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) by sheep. | | 1971 | 5090462 |
| lectin from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.). complete amino acid sequence. | the complete amino acid sequence of a lectin from sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia scop . var. eski ) has been determined by sequential edman analyses of the intact protein and peptides derived from digests with trypsin and thermolysin. peptides were purified by ph fractionation, by gel filtration, and by cation-exchange and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. seven segments of continuous sequence, accounting for the entire protein, were aligned through sequence comparison with ... | 1984 | 6722125 |
| pasture management strategies for reducing the risk of legume bloat in cattle. | results from two decades (1973-1993) of bloat research at kamloops are reviewed. the trials were conducted with groups of ruminally fistulated cattle either grazing or fed daily fresh-cut alfalfa (medicago sativa) herbage. studies were conducted during the growing season (may to september) and in the fall (october and november). the alfalfa was usually in the vegetative to early bloom stages of growth. visual assessments of bloat severity on a scale of 1 to 5 were made .5 to 2 h after feeding st ... | 1995 | 7665381 |
| proanthocyanidins inhibit hydrolysis of leaf proteins by rumen microflora in vitro. | proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins; pa) purified from the leaves of forage legumes trifolium arvense, lotus pedunculatus, lotus corniculatus, dorycnium rectum, coronilla varia, onobrychis viciifolia, or hedysarum coronarium, were added to soluble lucerne (medicago sativa) leaf protein and incubated with strained rumen fluid in vitro. fractions were collected and frozen immediately. denatured proteins were fractionated by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), sta ... | 1994 | 8031741 |
| synthesis of 3,4-cis-[3h]leucocyanidin and enzymatic reduction to catechin. | a novel method is presented for the synthesis and purification of (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-[4-3h]leucocyanidin. soluble enzyme extracts from developing barley grains and leaves of the forage legume onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) catalyzed the nad(p)h-dependent reduction of (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-[4-3h]leucocyanidin to (+)-[4-3h]catechin. nadph was the preferred substrate. with extracts of barley the rate of reaction with 1 mm nadh was 20% of the rate found with nadph. with extracts from both tissu ... | 1993 | 8470799 |
| sequence and mutational analysis of the common nodbcij region of rhizobium sp. (oxytropis arctobia) strain n33, a nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont of both arctic and temperate legumes. | by heterologous hybridization, we have identified the common nodulation genes nodbcij of rhizobium sp. strain n33 within a 8.2-kb psti fragment. the nodbcij genes are located within a 4,620-bp region which also included a consensus nod box promoter. the four open reading frames coding for the nodbcij genes contain 657, 1,353, 915, and 789 nucleotides, respectively. we found that the noda gene was not adjacent to the nodb gene, unlike the situation in many rhizobia. the dna of the nodbcij genes o ... | 1996 | 8755627 |
| sequence and mutational analysis of the 6.7-kb region containing nodafeg genes of rhizobium sp. strain n33: evidence of dna rearrangements. | a 6.7-kb region upstream of nodbc genes in rhizobium sp. strain n33 was shown to contain the nodafeg genes and an open reading frame designated orfz. the open reading frames for these genes contain 591, 282, 1209, 738, and 1,338 nucleotides respectively. homologues of these genes were found in other rhizobia with the exception of orfz, for which there was no counterpart found in the genbank/embl database. tn5 mutagenesis in nodeg and in the intergenic nodg-b region has shown a nod+ phenotype on ... | 1997 | 9100384 |
| comparison of kinetic properties of amine oxidases from sainfoin and lentil and immunochemical characterization of copper/quinoprotein amine oxidases. | kinetic properties of novel amine oxidase isolated from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) were compared to those of typical plant amine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.6) from lentil (lens culinaris). the amine oxidase from sainfoin was active toward substrates, such as 1,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) with k(m) of 0.09 mm and 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) with k(m) of 0.24 mm. the maximum rate of oxidation for cadaverine at saturating concentration was 2.7 fold higher than that of putrescine. the amine oxidas ... | 1999 | 10092944 |
| the effect of condensed tannins from seven herbages on trichostrongylus colubriformis larval migration in vitro. | the effects of condensed tannins (ct) extracted from seven forages on the motility of the economically important nematode, trichostrongylus colubriformis (giles, 1892), were evaluated by using a larval migration inhibition (lmi) assay. the assay involved incubation of third stage (l3) exsheathed t. colubriformis larvae with ct extracted from lotus pedunculatus, lotus corniculatus, sulla (hedysarum coronarium), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia), dorycnium rectum, dorycnium pentaphyllum and dock (r ... | 2000 | 10833014 |
| [embryology of the papilionacease; development of the embryo in onobrychis sativa lam..]. | | 1953 | 13082810 |
| [physiological peculiarities of nutrition of onobrychis sativa]. | | 1952 | 14916793 |
| characteristics of the rhizobia associated with dalea spp. in the ordway, kellogg-weaver dunes, and hayden prairies. | habitat fragmentation affects the biodiversity and function of aboveground organisms in natural ecosystems but has not been studied for effects on belowground species. in this paper, we consider the diversity of the rhizobia associated with the indigenous legume dalea purpurea in 3 residual prairie areas in minnesota and iowa. using dalea purpurea as a trap host, 218 rhizobia were recovered from these soils then characterized using boxa1r pcr. three major and 13 minor groups were distinguished b ... | 2005 | 15782230 |
| mechanism-based inactivators of plant copper/quinone containing amine oxidases. | copper/quinone amine oxidases contain cu(ii) and the quinone of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (topaquinone; tpq) as cofactors. tpq is derived by post-translational modification of a conserved tyrosine residue in the protein chain. major advances have been made during the last decade toward understanding the structure/function relationships of the active site in cu/tpq amine oxidases using specific inhibitors. mechanism-based inactivators are substrate analogues that bind to the active site of an ... | 2005 | 16054177 |
| characterization of condensed tannins purified from legume forages: chromophore production, protein precipitation, and inhibitory effects on cellulose digestion. | to identify simple screening tools for selecting condensed tannin (ct)-containing forages as candidate sources for further study, ct were isolated from nine legumes, and their molecular weights (mw), chromophore production, capacity to precipitate bovine serum albumin (bsa) and fraction 1 protein (rubisco) isolated from alfalfa, and inhibition of filter paper digestion were compared. sources were as follows: leaves of sericea lespedeza (lespedeza cuneata dum.-cours.), crown vetch (coronilla vari ... | 2005 | 16132212 |
| effect of bioactive compounds from sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia scop.) on the in vitro larval migration of haemonchus contortus: role of tannins and flavonol glycosides. | anthelmintic bioactivity against gastrointestinal nematodes has been associated with leguminous forages supporting the hypothesis of a role of condensed tannins. however, the possibility that other compounds might also been involved has received less consideration. using bio-guided fractionation, the current study aimed at characterizing the biochemical nature of the active compounds present in sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia ), previously identified as an anthelmintic leguminous forage. the eff ... | 2005 | 16174418 |
| effect of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) silage and hay on established populations of haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei in lambs. | the objective of the study was to examine the effect of dried and ensiled sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) on established populations of haemonchus contortus (abomasum) and cooperia curticei (small intestine) in lambs under controlled conditions. twenty-four parasite naïve lambs were inoculated with a single dose of infective larvae of these parasites 28 days prior to the start of the feeding experiment. twenty-four days post-infection, 4 days prior to the start of the feeding experiment, animal ... | 2006 | 16934938 |
| biomass allocation is an important determinant of the tannin concentration in growing plants. | condensed tannins (cts) in the diet affect consumers in a concentration-dependent manner. because of their importance in plant defence against herbivores and pathogens as well as their potential application against gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in agronomy, an understanding of the seasonal dynamics of ct concentrations during plant growth is essential. | 2007 | 17210606 |
| individual administration of three tanniferous forage plants to lambs artificially infected with haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei. | we investigated direct anthelmintic effects associated with the feeding of fresh tanniferous forages against established populations of haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei in lambs. twenty-four parasite naive lambs were inoculated with a single dose of infective larvae of these two parasites 27 days prior to the start of the feeding experiment. lambs were individually fed with either chicory (cichorium intybus), birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) or a ... | 2007 | 17336459 |
| influence of harvest time on fuel characteristics of five potential energy crops in northern china. | five potential energy crops in northern china were examined for fuel characteristics over different harvest times to test whether or not a delayed harvest improves fuel quality in a semiarid area in china as is the case in northern europe and north america. the five crops include indigo bush (amorpha fruticosa), sand willow (salix cheilophila), switch grass (panicum virgatum), reed canary grass (phalaris arundinacea), and sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia). these crops are considered as fuels for ... | 2008 | 17382539 |
| effects of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) extract and monomers of condensed tannins on the association of abomasal nematode larvae with fundic explants. | tannin-rich forages offer an alternative to anthelmintic chemicals to control gastrointestinal nematodes. however, the mode of action of such bioactive plants still needs to be assessed. previous studies have shown that extracts of tannin-rich plants interfere with the first phase of host invasion, i.e., the exsheathment of infective larvae (l3s). in the current study, we examined the hypothesis that exposure to tannins could also affect the second phase of larval establishment, i.e., the tissue ... | 2008 | 18093592 |
| nitrogen and mineral balance of lambs artificially infected with haemonchus contortus and fed tanniferous sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia). | tanniferous temperate legumes are assumed to possess anthelmintic properties, but it is unclear whether this is the direct result of condensed tannins (ct) or is mediated indirectly via an improved metabolic protein supply. a metabolism experiment was conducted to differentiate between these factors by feeding the ct plant sainfoin (19.7% cp in dm) to lambs infected with the abomasal blood-sucking nematode hemonchus contortus. a total of 18 infected lambs were fed sainfoin either untreated or tr ... | 2008 | 18375660 |
| interference of condensed tannin in lignin analyses of dry bean and forage crops. | legumes with high concentrations of condensed tannin (pinto bean [phaseolus vulgaris l.], sainfoin [onobrychis viciifolia scop.], and big trefoil [lotus uliginosus hoff.]), were compared to a selection of forages, with low or zero condensed tannin (smooth bromegrass [ bromus inermis leyss], lotus japonicus [regel] k. larsen, and alfalfa [medicago sativa l.]), using four methods to estimate fiber or lignin. protocols were validated by using semipurified condensed tannin polymers in adulteration a ... | 2008 | 18841900 |
| potential to reduce escherichia coli shedding in cattle feces by using sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) forage, tested in vitro and in vivo. | there is a growing concern about the presence of pathogens in cattle manure and its implications on human and environmental health. the phytochemical-rich forage sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) and purified phenolics (trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid) were evaluated for their ability to reduce the viability of pathogenic escherichia coli strains, including e. coli o157:h7. mics were determined using purified phenolics and acetone extracts of sainfoin and alfalfa (medicago ... | 2009 | 19098216 |
| evidence for the inhibition of the terminal step of ruminal alpha-linolenic acid biohydrogenation by condensed tannins. | effects of condensed tannins (ct), either via extract or plant-bound, and saponin extract on ruminal biohydrogenation of alpha-linolenic acid (ala) were investigated in vitro. grass-clover hay served as basal diet (control). the control hay was supplemented with extracts contributing either ct from acacia mearnsii [7.9% of dietary dry matter (dm)] or saponins from yucca schidigera (1.1% of dm). the fourth treatment consisted of dried sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia), a ct-containing forage legum ... | 2009 | 19109277 |
| anthelmintic activity of some mediterranean browse plants against parasitic nematodes. | the anthelmintic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs. most data have been acquired on legume forages, but only few on browse plants. the present study aimed to (i) screen the in vitro effects of extracts from 7 mediterranean plants on haemonchus contortus, (ii) verify the role of tannins using an inhibitor, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (pvpp) and (iii) verify the in vivo effects of extracts from 4 plants. significant inhibition was shown in vitro ... | 2010 | 19961649 |
| effect of feeding bioactive forages on infection and subsequent development of haemonchus contortus in lamb faeces. | contrasting dried herbage diets were offered to lambs to evaluate their effects on haemonchus contortus infection and on subsequent development of larvae in faeces. artificially infected lambs (n=24, 4 months old) were allocated to one of four treatment groups (n=6) and fed on hay of lucerne (medicago sativa; lu), sulla (hedysarum coronarium; su), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia; sa) or wormwood (artemisia absinthium; wo) included as 20% in ground lucerne pellets. while voluntary intake was simi ... | 2010 | 20554118 |
| condensed tannins act against cattle nematodes. | the use of natural plant anthelmintics was suggested as a possible alternative control of gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in ruminants. direct anthelmintic effects of tannin-containing plants have already been shown in sheep and goat gin. these anthelmintic properties are mainly associated with condensed tannins. in the present study, we evaluated possible in vitro effects of three tannin-containing plants against bovine gin. effects of onobrychis viciifolia, lotus pedunculatus and lotus cornic ... | 2011 | 21726942 |
| a simple method for primary screening of antibacterial peptides in plant seeds. | regarding the importance of finding new antibacterial drugs, screening of plants as a promising resource are now conducted worldwide. in this study, we report the application of a simple previously described method for screening of different plant seeds in order to find the best resources of plant antimicrobial peptides. | 2011 | 22347591 |
| transformation of forage legumes using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | galls were induced in six species of forage legumes following inoculation with wild-type strains of a. tumefaciens. the plant species was more influential than the bacterial strain in determining the type of tumour produced. inoculation of medicago sativa resulted in small, disorganised tumours. the three trifolium species, t. repens, t. hybridum and t. pratense, formed galls which tended to produce roots and both onobrychis viciifolia and lotus corniculatus produced teratomatous galls. the shoo ... | 1986 | 24247771 |
| condensed tannins in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle after sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) intake and their possible relationship with anthelmintic effects. | condensed tannins' (cts) fate along the digestive tract of ruminants may account for the variable efficacy of cts against gastrointestinal nematodes. we analyzed cts in the digesta of cattle fed sainfoin. with the acetone-butanol-hcl assay, the total cts concentrations in the digesta were close to those in the diets (6.3 and 1.5% of dm in experiments 1 and 2, respectively); thus, cts remained potentially largely undegraded/unabsorbed. with the thiolysis assay, cts concentration was much higher i ... | 2017 | 28120611 |
| Simple solution for a complex problem: proanthocyanidins, galloyl glucoses and ellagitannins fit on a single calibration curve in high performance-gel permeation chromatography. | This study was undertaken to explore gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for estimating molecular weights of proanthocyanidin fractions isolated from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). The results were compared with data obtained by thiolytic degradation of the same fractions. Polystyrene, polyethylene glycol and polymethyl methacrylate standards were not suitable for estimating the molecular weights of underivatized proanthocyanidins. Therefore, a novel HPLC-GPC method was developed based on two ... | 2011 | 21930278 |
| ultrastructural changes in the third-stage, infective larvae of ruminant nematodes treated with sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) extract. | plants rich in condensed tannins are an alternative to chemical anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes (gins) in ruminants. previous functional studies have shown that sainfoin extracts affect the two forms of infective larvae (l3), ensheathed and exsheathed. however, the mechanisms of action remain unknown. the aim of this study was thus to compare ultrastructural changes in ensheathed and exsheathed l3 of two gin species after in vitro contact with sainfoin extracts using transmis ... | 2011 | 21787880 |
| efficacy of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) pellets against multi resistant haemonchus contortus and interaction with oral ivermectin: implications for on-farm control. | the worldwide spread of resistance to anthelmintic (ah) drugs in gastrointestinal nematodes (gins) imposes to explore alternative solutions. amongst those, the possible use of tannin-containing nutraceuticals appears as a relevant option to replace (or decrease the frequency of) chemical-based treatments. our objectives were to test the ah efficacy of sainfoin pellets against a multiresistant strain of haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected lambs and to examine possible interaction betw ... | 2016 | 27523948 |
| in vitro susceptibility of ten haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins towards acetone:water extracts of two tannin rich plants. | the aim of the study was to examine the variation in the in vitro susceptibility of ten haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins using respective egg hatch assays (eha) with acetone:water extracts of two tannin containing plants, chimay (acacia pennatula) and sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia). fresh eggs were incubated in pbs with different concentrations of each extract (0, 600, 1200, 2400, 3600, 5000 and 8000 μg/ml pbs). additional concentrations were tested for o. vici ... | 2016 | 26827861 |
| anthelmintic effect of carob pods and sainfoin hay when fed to lambs after experimental trickle infections with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. | the aim of the study was to compare the in vivo anthelmintic activity of sainfoin hay (onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pod meal (ceratonia siliqua) against gastrointestinal nematodes. seven days before infection, 64 naive lambs were assigned to four different groups: group s received sainfoin hay and group car was fed with carob pods. the remaining lambs received lucerne hay (medicago sativa) and were assigned to positive (non-treated, nt) and negative (treated, t) control groups (treatment wit ... | 2014 | 25526546 |
| investigation of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) cultivar differences on nitrogen balance and fecal egg count in artificially infected lambs. | research in ruminant nutrition and helminth control with forages, which contain condensed tannins (ct), suggests that varying responses may depend not only on ct concentration but also on ct composition. an experiment was designed to test this by feeding 2 dried sainfoin cultivars (visnovsky and perly), which differed in ct properties, to lambs that were artificially infected with the abomasal blood-sucking nematode haemonchus contortus. twenty-four infected lambs received 1 of these 2 cultivars ... | 2013 | 23463570 |
| scanning electron microscopy of haemonchus contortus exposed to tannin-rich plants under in vivo and in vitro conditions. | the structural changes induced in adult haemonchus contortus after in vitro and in vivo contact with a tannin-rich (tr) plant, either tzalam (lysiloma latisiliquum) or sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia), were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (sem). all the worms used in the study were adult females. the haemonchus adult worms were obtained from the abomasum of infected donor goats. adult h. contortus were kept in contact with the extracts of tr plants for 24h for the in vitro assays and ... | 2013 | 23246590 |
| pathogenicity of two populations of meloidogyne hapla chitwood on alfalfa and sainfoin. | the pathogenicity of two populations of the northern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne hapla chitwood, population 1 (p1) from alfalfa and population 2 (p2) from sainfoin, was studied on both alfalfa and sainfoin for 25 weeks. alfalfa and sainfoin plants inoculated with p2 had significantly (p </= 0.05) higher mortality than plants inoculated with p1. plant stands over all weeks for the uninoculated control, p1, and p2 were 90.5, 78.5, and 64.0% for alfalfa and 84.5, 51.0, and 41.0% for sainfoin, r ... | 1989 | 19287580 |
| effect of exchanging onobrychis viciifolia and lotus corniculatus for medicago sativa on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen turnover in dairy cows. | the objective of the study was to determine the effect of feeding sainfoin (sf; onobrychis viciifolia) and birdsfoot trefoil (bt; lotus corniculatus), 2 temperate climate forage legumes that contain condensed tannins (ct), on ruminal fermentation and n turnover in dairy cows. six ruminally cannulated multiparous dairy cows (milk yield=40kg/d; 36 d in milk) were used in a replicated 3×3 latin square design. all animals were fed basal diets containing 20% pelleted sf (223g of ct/kg of dry matter), ... | 2016 | 26995129 |
| deciphering the complexity of sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia ) proanthocyanidins by maldi-tof mass spectrometry with a judicious choice of isotope patterns and matrixes. | use of superdihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix enabled the analysis of highly complex mixtures of proanthocyanidins from sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia ) by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. proanthocyanidins contained predominantly b-type homopolymers and heteropolymers up to 12-mers (3400 da). use of another matrix, 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone, revealed the presence of a-type glycosylated dimers. in addition, we report here how a comparison of the isotopic adduct patterns, which resulted from li a ... | 2011 | 21488615 |
| acylated flavonol glycosides from the forage legume, onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin). | ten acylated flavonol glycosides were isolated from aqueous acetone extracts of the aerial parts of the forage legume, onobrychis viciifolia, and their structures determined using spectroscopic methods. among these were eight previously unreported examples which comprised either feruloylated or sinapoylated derivatives of 3-o-di- and 3-o-triglycosides of kaempferol (3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) or quercetin (3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone). the diglycosides were acylated at the primary glc res ... | 2011 | 21292287 |
| do sheep (ovis aries) categorize plant species according to botanical family? | the ability of grazing herbivores to assign food types to categories by relying on certain relevant criteria could considerably reduce cognitive demand and increase their foraging efficiency when selecting among many different plant items. grasses and legumes differ functionally in vegetation communities as well as in nutritive value. we aimed to determine whether sheep can generalize an aversion they learnt for a grass or a legume species to another species of the same functional type and conse ... | 2011 | 21203791 |
| the effect of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (ceratonia siliqua) feeding regimes on the control of lamb coccidiosis. | recent research has suggested that plants containing condensed tannins may offer a promising alternative approach for the control of coccidiosis in lambs and goat kids. the present study aimed to examine the potential effect of condensed tannins in sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (ceratonia siliqua) incorporated in sheep rations against lamb coccidiosis. the above tannin-rich sources were studied in three independent feeding trials in which the animals (naturally infected by eime ... | 2016 | 26920568 |
| in situ analysis and structural elucidation of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) tannins for high-throughput germplasm screening. | a rapid thiolytic degradation and cleanup procedure was developed for analyzing tannins directly in chlorophyll-containing sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia ) plants. the technique proved suitable for complex tannin mixtures containing catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin flavan-3-ol units. the reaction time was standardized at 60 min to minimize the loss of structural information as a result of epimerization and degradation of terminal flavan-3-ol units. the results were ev ... | 2010 | 21175139 |
| therapeutic potential of temperate forage legumes: a review. | the discovery of bioactive molecules from botanical sources is an expanding field, preferentially oriented to plants having a tradition of use in medicine and providing high yields and availability. temperate forage legumes are fabaceae species that include worldwide-important crops. these plants possess therapeutic virtues that have not only been used in veterinary and folk medicine, but have also attracted the interest of official medicine. we have examined here medicago sativa (alfalfa), trif ... | 2016 | 26507574 |
| effect of environmental factors and influence of rumen and hindgut biogeography on bacterial communities in steers. | feces from cattle production are considered important sources of bacterial contamination of food and the environment. little is known about the combined effects of arctic temperatures and fodder tannins on rumen and hindgut bacterial populations. individual rumen liquor and rectal fecal samples from donor steers fed either alfalfa silage or sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) silage and water ad libitum were collected weekly on the first three sampling days and fortnightly afterwards. the dai ... | 2010 | 21075877 |
| optimization of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of complex polyphenol mixtures and application for sainfoin extracts (onobrychis viciifolia). | a pentafluorophenylpropyl (pfp) stationary phase was tested for the simultaneous determination of several classes of phenolic compounds. the chromatographic results were compared with those obtained by using a bifunctional phase constituted of octadecyl and phenylpropyl bonded silica and three conventional c18 columns. the elution gradient was optimized with 5% formic acid and sodium acetate in combination with acetic acid as additives and methanol as solvents. for these evaluations, a complex p ... | 2010 | 20817190 |
| legume species differ in the responses of their functional traits to plant diversity. | plants can respond to environmental impacts by variation in functional traits, thereby increasing their performance relative to neighbors. we hypothesized that trait adjustment should also occur in response to influences of the biotic environment, in particular different plant diversity of the community. we used 12 legume species as a model and assessed their variation in morphological, physiological, life-history and performance traits in experimental grasslands of different plant species (1, 2 ... | 2011 | 20680645 |
| identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from the forage legume sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia ). | phenolic compounds of sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia ) variety cotswold common are assumed to contribute to its nutritive value and bioactive properties. a purified acetone/water extract was separated by sephadex lh-20 gel chromatography. sixty-three phenolic and other aromatic compounds were identified by means of chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic methods. reverse phase hplc with diode array and chemical reaction detection was used to investigate the phenolic composition of differe ... | 2009 | 19456170 |
| evaluation of cultivars, experimental lines and plant introduction collection of sainfoin for resistance to meloidogyne hapla chitwood. | stands of several cultivars and experimental lines of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) were severely reduced (92% average loss) in a field naturally infested with meloidogyne hapla. stands of two alfalfa cultivars included in the test were unaffected. in studies conducted in the greenhouse with plants inoculated at the time of seeding, average mortality was 55% for sainfoin entries and 7% for ladak alfalfa. little mortality occurred when plants were inoculated after establishment. three months a ... | 1987 | 19290103 |
| plant enemy-derived elicitors increase the foliar tannin concentration of onobrychis viciifolia without a trade-off to growth. | molecular experiments suggest that the regulation of the biosynthesis of condensed tannin (ct) is sensitive to the presence of plant enemies. the enemy-specific response of ct concentrations to simulated attacks by pathogenic fungi, bacteria or herbivores was studied in onobrychis viciifolia grown at four levels of nutrient availability. it was hypothesized that ct concentrations increase in response to an attack, and that constitutive and induced levels of ct are higher at low than at high nutr ... | 2008 | 18845664 |
| the effect of dietary sainfoin ( onobrychis viciifolia) on local cellular responses to trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. | the effect of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) hay consumption on the pathophysiology and local cellular responses of growing lambs during infection with trichostrongylus colubriformis was investigated. thirty-two lambs, 16 weeks of age, were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n=8) that were offered either grass (g) or sainfoin (s) hay while concurrently either infected (+), or not (-) with 12,000 l3 t. colubriformis larvae per week for 6 weeks. liveweight gains were affected by diet (p=0.002 ... | 2008 | 18561870 |
| palatability in sheep and in vitro nutritional value of dried and ensiled sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus), and chicory (cichorium intybus). | three temperate forages, sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, and chicory, characterized by elevated contents of plant secondary compounds, were compared to a ryegrass-clover mixture (control) in dried (experiment 1) and ensiled form (experiment 2) in their palatability and nutritional value. palatability was measured in adult wethers (n = 6) allowed to choose between the familiar control forage and one of the three test plants. palatability index was calculated from differences in intake of control and ... | 2007 | 18069619 |
| purification and thermal dependence of glutathione reductase from two forage legume species. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) are forage legumes that differ in their responses to high and low temperature stresses. thermal limitations on the function of glutathione reductase (ec 1.6.4.2) could adversely affect the ability of the plant to cope with adverse temperatures. our objectives were to (a) purify glutathione reductase from ;cimarron' alfalfa and ;pi 212241' sainfoin and (b) investigate the intraspecies variation in the thermal dependency of gl ... | 1990 | 16667283 |
| effects of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) condensed tannins on growth and proteolysis by four strains of ruminal bacteria. | sainfoin leaf condensed tannins inhibited growth and protease activity in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens a38 and streptococcus bovis 45s1 but had little effect on prevotella ruminicola b(1)4 or ruminobacter amylophilus wp225. tannins bound to cell coat polymers in all strains. morphological changes in b. fibrisolvens and s. bovis implicated the cell wall as a target of tannin toxicity. | 1994 | 16349244 |
| testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep. | the aim of the present study was to investigate potential direct anthelmintic effects of forages that contain plant secondary metabolites (psm) towards the intestinal nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. for this purpose, we introduced an experimental design, which enabled us to investigate the direct anthelmintic effects of psm-rich forages, without significant interference of possible indirect immunological effects of psm. sixty parasite naive sheep were infected with 8000 t. colubriformis ... | 2004 | 15710524 |
| 1,5-diamino-2-pentyne is both a substrate and inactivator of plant copper amine oxidases. | 1,5-diamino-2-pentyne (dapy) was found to be a weak substrate of grass pea (lathyrus sativus, gpao) and sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia, ovao) amine oxidases. prolonged incubations, however, resulted in irreversible inhibition of both enzymes. for gpao and ovao, rates of inactivation of 0.1-0.3 min(-1) were determined, the apparent ki values (half-maximal inactivation) were of the order of 10(-5) m. dapy was found to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzymes because the substrate cadaverine ... | 2004 | 15606757 |
| phenolic glycosides of forage legume onobrychis viciifolia. | a chemical examination of the extractives of the leaves of sainfoin was undertaken as part of a programme directed at understanding the factors which may contribute to its nutritive value as animal feed. among the low molecular weight phenolic compounds characterized were seven cinnamic acid derivatives and nine flavonoid glycosides all of which were identified by nmr spectroscopy. included among these compounds were two new natural hydroxycinnamic esters namely methyl 6-o-p-trans-coumaroyl-beta ... | 2000 | 11021646 |
| polyphenols, condensed tannins, and other natural products in onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin). | an acetone/water extract of the fodder legume onobrychis viciifolia afforded arbutin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, afzelin, the branched quercetin-3-(2(g)-rhamnosylrutinoside), the amino acid l-tryptophan, the inositol (+)-pinitol, and relatively high concentrations of sucrose (ca. 35% of extractable material). acid-catalyzed cleavage of the condensed tannins with phloroglucinol afforded catechin, epicatechin and gallocatechin as the terminal and extender units, but epigallocatechin was only pr ... | 2000 | 10956131 |
| characterization and mutational analysis of nodhpq genes of rhizobium sp. strain n33. | we have shown, by sequencing the nodulation gene region of rhizobium sp. strain n33 previously isolated from the canadian high arctic, that the nodhpq genes are located in a 4.8-kb region downstream of nodbcij. the open reading frames of nodhpq are 747, 906, and 1941 nucleotides long, respectively. the strain n33 genome contains one copy of nodh and two copies of nodpq that are homologous to those genes in rhizobium meliloti. tn5 insertions in the nodhpq genes of strain n33 did not affect the fo ... | 1996 | 8870271 |
| structural comparison of the lectin from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) with concanavalin a and other d-mannose specific lectins. | the d-mannose specific lectin from sainfoin was prepared by affinity chromatography on sephadex g-75, and its circular dichroism (cd), metal content, antigenic character, and n-terminal amino acid sequence were compared with those of four lectins from vicieae plants and concanavalin a. the sainfoin lectin was only slightly more closely related to these other d-mannose specific lectins, than to lectins of leguminous plants in general. the cd and antigenic experiments also confirmed the close rela ... | 1982 | 7172086 |
| anti-parasitic activity of pelleted sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) against ostertagia ostertagi and cooperia oncophora in calves. | increasing anthelmintic-resistance in nematodes of ruminants emphasises the need for sustainable parasite control. condensed tannin-containing legume forages such as sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) have shown promising anthelmintic properties in small ruminants but this has never been explored in cattle. therefore, our aim was to examine the efficacy of sainfoin against cattle nematodes in vivo. | 2016 | 27283323 |
| in vitro effects of extracts and purified tannins of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) against two cattle nematodes. | sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) is a condensed tannin (ct)-containing legume and has anthelmintic potential against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants. this study investigated in vitro effects of acetone/water extracts and derived ct fractions from different types of sainfoin (i.e. accessions) against larvae of cooperia oncophora and ostertagia ostertagi by applying the larval feeding inhibition assay (lfia). seven sainfoin accessions were extracted and tested with l1 larvae at 10 and 40 μ ... | 2013 | 23639199 |
| Fermentation kinetics of sainfoin hay with and without PEG. | The in vitro gas production technique was applied to evaluate the biological activity of tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay cut at four progressive phenological stages. The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen fluid was used as inoculum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as specific binding agent and an alfalfa hay (AH) was used as control. All samples were analysed for chemical composition and condensed tannin (CTs). According to the phenological stage of sainfoin, crude protein ... | 2011 | 22168179 |
| effects of supplementing endophyte-infected tall fescue with sainfoin and polyethylene glycol on the physiology and ingestive behavior of sheep. | tannins in sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) may bind to alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue [e+; lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh.] and attenuate toxicosis. if so, supplementing e+ with sainfoin will increase use of e+ by sheep, and polyethylene glycol (peg)-a polymer that selectively binds to tannins-will reduce such response. to test these predictions, thirty-six 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (12 lambs/treatment). during exposure, all lambs were individuall ... | 2014 | 24664564 |
| inclusion of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) silage in dairy cow rations affects nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, energy balance, and methane emissions. | sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) is a tanniniferous legume forage that has potential nutritional and health benefits preventing bloating, reducing nematode larval establishment, improving n utilization, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. however, the use of sainfoin as a fodder crop in dairy cow rations in northwestern europe is still relatively unknown. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sainfoin silage on nutrient digestibility, animal performance, energy and n utili ... | 2016 | 26898288 |
| anti-escherichia coli o157:h7 properties of purple prairie clover and sainfoin condensed tannins. | condensed tannins (ct) from purple prairie clover (ppc; dalea purpurea vent.) and sainfoin (sf; onobrychis viciifolia) were assessed for anti-escherichia coli activity by comparing their ability to react with proteins and liposome, cause cell aggregation, and alter outer membrane (om) morphology and permeability. the ppc ct had greater (p < 0.01) protein-precipitating capacity than sf ct using either bovine serum albumin or ribulose 1,5-disphosphate carboxylase as model proteins. minimum inhibit ... | 2013 | 23396143 |
| complementarity among four highly productive grassland species depends on resource availability. | positive species richness-productivity relationships are common in biodiversity experiments, but how resource availability modifies biodiversity effects in grass-legume mixtures composed of highly productive species is yet to be explicitly tested. we addressed this question by choosing two grasses (arrhenatherum elatius and dactylis glomerata) and two legumes (medicago × varia and onobrychis viciifolia) which are highly productive in monocultures and dominant in mixtures (the jena experiment). w ... | 2016 | 26932467 |
| effect of feeding dehydrated and ensiled tanniferous sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) on nitrogen and mineral digestion and metabolism of lambs. | the effects of tanniferous sainfoin on digestion and metabolism have been investigated in 12 lambs in an incomplete cross-over design (n = 6). effects of condensed tannins (ct) were evaluated by comparing dehydrated and ensiled sainfoin treated with and without polyethylene glycol (peg). dehydrated and ensiled grass-clover mixtures served as controls. the lambs were fed the treatment diets, including a mineral supplement, for 21 d. during the last 7 d excreta, rumen fluid and blood were sampled. ... | 2007 | 18030920 |