| starch degradation during germination of civer arietinum l. seeds. | the variations in starch and soluble sugar content, in phosphorylase and amylase activities in cotyledons of germinating seeds of cicer arietinum l. are determined. results from various experiments prove that the alpha-amylases are chiefly responsible for amylase activity. phosphorylase plays an important rôle during the first two days of germination, but it is relegated to a secondary position as the amylase activity increases. disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel shows the existence of a ... | 1978 | 78513 |
| the effect of bengal gram on acid mucopolysaccharide distribution in egg-yolk induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. | | 1975 | 129434 |
| hypolipidemic principles of cicer arietinum: biochanin-a and formononetin. | two isoflavones, biochanin-a and formononetin isolated from gram cicer arietinum, have been shown to possess hypolipidemic properties for triton wr-1339 induced hyperlipidemia in male albino rats, when administered as a crude extract or as individual compounds. | 1976 | 177835 |
| effect of different levels of pulse protein (bengal gram) on some tissue enzymes, serum copper, liver copper, hemoglobin, hematocrit value & excretion of copper in urine & feces. | | 1979 | 232076 |
| isoflavones and hypercholesterolemia in rats. | isoflavones isolated from three commonly used pulses such as bengalgram (cicer arietinum), greengram (phaseolus aureus) and blackgram (phaseolus mungo) and p-coumaric acid were supplemented to hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet of rats. among isoflavones, biochanin a and formononetin showed hypolipidemic activity but diadzein did not; p-coumaric acid also produced a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. | 1979 | 459719 |
| digestibility of raw and cooked starches from legume seeds using the laboratory rat. | the in vivo digestibility and growth responses to diets containing raw and cooked legume starches were determined using male wistar rats. these starches were obtained from seven legumes including smooth- and wrinkled-seeded field peas, navy beans, kidney beans, garbanzo beans, mung beans and lentils. wheat and potato starch diets were fed for comparative purposes. with the exception of potato and the field pea starches, rats fed uncooked starch diets had higher weight gains than those fed cooked ... | 1979 | 512695 |
| a rat bioassay for measuring the comparative availability of carbohydrates and its application to legume foods, pure carbohydrates and polyols. | an assay was developed to evaluate the bioavailability of dietary carbohydrate by slope-ratio analysis of weight gain and plasma ketones of rats fed a carbohydrate-free diet supplemented with glucose as a standard and selected food items, pure carbohydrates and polyols. the diet was based on 35% food grade oleic acid, 12% casein protein supplemented with methionine (0.3%) and arginine (0.2%), 7.5% soybean oil, 37% cellulose, minerals and vitamins. glucose, as the reference standard, or test mate ... | 1979 | 574537 |
| adsorption of bile salts from aqueous solution by plant fibre and cholestyramine. | 1. adsorption of bile salts by dietary fibre is believed to promote their excretion and hence to reduce the serum cholesterol level in man and experimental animals. 2. we have tested a number of plant fibre fractions and other related materials for their ability to adsorb bile salts from aqueous solution. the "insoluble" plant fractions were from "dry grain" (a residue from brewing), apple, wheat bran, lucerne (medicago sativa), soya beans, mung beans (phaseolus mungo), chick peas (cicer arieti ... | 1978 | 698168 |
| effect of bengal gram supplementation on glycosaminoglycan fractions in egg-yolk induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. | | 1978 | 700829 |
| studies on the effect of bengal gram supplementation on aortic lipid synthesis and tissue lipid distribution in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. | | 1977 | 924473 |
| nutritive studies on some raw and prepared leguminous seeds commonly used in the arab republic of syria. | 1. the proximate analysis of raw syrian lentils (lens esculentus), variety red chick pea (cicer arietinum) variety balady, has been made. the protein content of the two raw seeds were 23 and 22 g% for lentils and chick peas, respectively. ethereal extract, fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus and iron content of the two raw seeds have been also assayed. 2. the levels of most of the amino acids were also estimated in the raw and cooked seeds. it was found that tryptophan- and sulphur-containing amino ... | 1976 | 1020373 |
| the exploitation of natural genetic variability for tthe improvement of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | | 1976 | 1073217 |
| lipid protein inter-relationship in aortic tissue of experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rabbits and its alteration by bengal gram. | | 1975 | 1218871 |
| [limiting amino acids of chickpeas (cicer arietinum) for chickens and pigs]. | three experiments, two with broilers and one with pig, were conducted to determine the limiting amino acids of chickpea (cicer arietinum). in the first 15% protein diets based on autoclaved chickpea were supplemented with methionine (0.20%), either alone or combined with threonine (0.025%) with no significant effect on growth or feed convertion of chicks; however, the addition of methionine tended to improve both parameters in relation to the unsupplemented diet. in the second experiment methion ... | 1975 | 1220614 |
| effect of cereal-legume chapati diets on absorption and retention of calcium. | wheat chapati, wheat + bengal gram (80:20 and 70:30) chapatis and casein diets, at 10 percent protein level, were fed to rats for 12 weeks to study the effect on calcium utilization. the supplementation of bengal gram to wheat diets significantly improved the calcium absorption. the urinary calcium excretion in wheat + bengal gram chapati diets was significantly less than that of wheat chapati diet fed group. the in vivo 45ca absorption (cpm/100 microliters serum) was also less in wheat chapati ... | 1992 | 1315433 |
| [nutritional quality of a protein concentrate of chick-peas (cicer arietinum) obtained by ultrafiltration]. | the nutritive quality of a protein concentrate from chickpea (cicer arietinum) obtained by ultrafiltration was evaluated. three biological assays and the apparent protein digestibility (apd) were utilized. in addition, the effect of the supplementation with methionine to protein concentrate was observed. the protein efficiency ratio (per), net protein ratio (npr) and nitrogen utilization (nu) were 1.86, 3.11 and 3.11 respectively, compared with the values of casein anrc of 2.50 4.02 y 4.01. only ... | 1992 | 1342179 |
| sensory evaluation of and acceptability trials on biscuits prepared from raw and malted wheat (triticum aestivum)-bengal gram (cicer arietinum) mixes with or without a green leafy vegetable. | biscuits were prepared by varying the amounts of the basic ingredients to arrive at the most acceptable recipe. the final recipe contained 40 g of mix, 40 g of jaggery and 20 g of ghee. sensory evaluation of biscuits containing 5 or 10% colocasia leaf powder by composite scoring test and hedonic scale showed that the former type of biscuit was preferred over the latter. the acceptability trial conducted on 42, 3 to 6 year old children showed that biscuits from either malted mix with or without 7 ... | 1992 | 1438072 |
| glycaemic index of conventional carbohydrate meals. | the glycaemic index (gi) and the triacylglycerol response were measured in thirty non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients given 50 g portions of five different conventional indian meals containing semolina (triticum aestivum) cooked by two different methods, or combinations of semolina and pulse (black gram dhal (phaseolus mungo), green gram dhal (phaseolus aureus) or bengal gram dhal (cicer arietum)). there were no significant differences among meals in mean gi except for meals based o ... | 1992 | 1445824 |
| oligonucleotide fingerprinting of plant and fungal genomes: a comparison of radioactive, colorigenic and chemiluminescent detection methods. | digoxigenated oligonucleotide probes complementary to simple repetitive dna sequences were introduced into nonradioactive fingerprint analysis of plant and fungal dna. the fragment patterns, obtained by blot hybridization of taqi-restricted dna from chickpea (cicer arietinum) and its fungal pathogen ascochyta rabiei with digoxigenated probes and either a colorigenic or a chemiluminescent detection method, were compared to those obtained with 32p-labeled probes. in combination with alkaline phosp ... | 1992 | 1592040 |
| fate and interconversion of endosulfan i, ii and sulfate on gram crop (cicer arietinum linn.) in subtropical environment. | | 1991 | 1813085 |
| pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis in elicitor-challenged chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cell cultures. purification, characterization and cdna cloning of nadph:isoflavone oxidoreductase. | nadph:isoflavone oxidoreductase (ifr) is the first soluble enzyme of the pterocarpan-specific part of phytoalexin biosynthesis in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity by a five-step procedure from chickpea cell cultures treated with yeast extract as elicitor. analysis by gel filtration and sds/page showed that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 36 kda. km values for the substrates 2'-hydroxyformononetin, 2'-hydroxypseudo ... | 1991 | 1915347 |
| protein digestibility (in vitro) of chickpea and blackgram seeds as affected by domestic processing and cooking. | protein digestibility (in vitro) of grains of chickpea (cicer arietinum) and blackgram (vigna mungo) cultivars varied from 48 to 53% and 52 to 58%, respectively. soaking, cooking (both of unsoaked and soaked seeds), autoclaving and sprouting improved significantly the protein digestibility of all the cultivars of chickpea and blackgram. autoclaving was found to be most effective followed by cooking and sprouting; cooking of sprouts had only marginal effect. protein digestibility was higher when ... | 1989 | 2762243 |
| enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in fast-growing rhizobium grown on hexoses or succinate. | enzymatic evidence supports that succinate mediates repression of hexose-catabolising enzymes in fast-growing rhizobium sp. (cicer arietinum). enzymes of the embden-myerhof-parnas, entner-doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways were found present in hexose-grown cells but not in succinate-grown cells. these however could be induced by the presence of hexoses. | 1989 | 2777319 |
| chemical composition and nutritional value of mexican varieties of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | chemical composition and protein quality of the main chickpea varieties cultivated in mexico were determined. the raw and cooked chickpeas analyzed were: surutato, surutato 77, sonora, sonora 80, porquero, macarena, breve duro and a mixture of broken seeds used mainly for animal feeding. the chemical composition of the raw chickpea studied was very similar; the average values of the nutrients were: ash 3.1 +/- 0.2, fat 5.0 +/- 1.0, protein 19.5 +/- 1.2 and fiber 3.7 +/- 2.1. cooking diminished o ... | 1987 | 2852802 |
| in vitro secretion and uptake of radioactive vitamin a in rats fed different dietary proteins. | generally, protein energy malnutrition is accompanied with vitamin a deficiency. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the importance of the quality and the quantity of dietary proteins on the in vitro secretion and uptake of vitamin a in growing rats. the results show that the in vitro release of radioactive vitamin a was greater in rats fed bengal gram diets as compared to those fed casein diets. however, this relationship between the two groups of rats was reversed for the in vitro upt ... | 1987 | 3103524 |
| distribution of vitamin a in various organs of rats in relation to the quality and the quantity of dietary proteins. | the influence of the quality and the quantity of dietary proteins on the distribution of a single massive dose of vitamin a in various organs of growing wistar strain rats has been studied by using casein and bengal gram diets at 20% and 10% protein levels. the distribution of [3h]-retinyl acetate in various tissues was also investigated in these dietary conditions. the results show that the hepatic storage of dietary as well as a single massive dose (20,000 i.u.) of vitamin a was profoundly dec ... | 1987 | 3111110 |
| nutritional evaluation of chickpea and germinated chickpea flours. | the ability of seed germination to increase the nutritional quality of chickpea was studied. chickpea flours germinated for 0, 24 and 48 h were evaluated nutritionally by determination of protein efficiency ratio (per), net protein ratio (npr), digestibility and essential amino acid availability "in vivo". a significant increase in ascorbic acid was observed during germination. per and npr values indicated that germinated chickpea flours compared favorably to casein. protein digestibility decrea ... | 1988 | 3200798 |
| the effect of bengal gram feeding on the haemostatic status of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. | | 1987 | 3273584 |
| bioavailability of copper to rats from various foodstuffs and in the presence of different carbohydrates. | copper bioavailability was studied in rats using an extrinsic cu label. copper absorption from sunflower seeds (46%), peanuts (41%), cooked shrimp (50%), and cooked beef (40%) was as good or better than copper sulfate (46%). copper from plant foods (sunflower seeds, garbanzo beans, peanuts) was absorbed equally as well as copper from animal foods (beef, shrimp, chicken liver), 39 +/- 7% vs 43 +/- 7%, p greater than 0.05. there was no significant difference in percentage cu absorption between int ... | 1988 | 3340618 |
| effect of extrusion processing on the nutritional quality of protein in rice-legume blends. | the effect of extrusion processing using wenger x-5 extruder on the quality of products of rice-legume (75:25) blends was investigated. the products were palatable and had a good texture. the nutritional quality of protein in the extrudates was significantly improved. the protein efficiency ratio values of rice-soybean, rice-bengal gram and rice-black gram products were: 2.25, 2.30 and 2.28 as compared to 2.10, 1.89 and 1.98 for the respective raw blends. extrusion processing reduced the phytate ... | 1988 | 3362195 |
| hepatic and serum arginase and ornithine transcarbamylase activities of rats maintained on diets of different protein quality. | groups of rats were fed diets containing 15% protein from arhar dal (cajanus cajan), bengal gram dal (cicer arietinum), urad dal (phaseolus mungo) and also isolated proteins from casein, egg, soya bean, gluten and gelatin for a period of 10 days. rats maintained on the casein diet had the highest liver arginase activity and those having egg the lowest. all the leguminous proteins gave similar levels of arginase activity, the values falling between the casein and egg groups. serum arginase level ... | 1987 | 3426155 |
| [supplementation of wheat flour with chickpea (cicer arietinum) flour. i. preparation of flours and their properties for bread making]. | the feasibility of adding chick-pea flour substituting part of wheat flour in yeast-leavened bread-making in order to increase the protein value, was studied. a 70% extraction chick-pea flour of commercial granulometry (150 mu) was prepared. wheat flours of 74% and 78% extraction were then blended with 5%, 10% and 15% of chick-pea flour. every flour and blend were subsequently analyzed to determine protein, ash, fiber, fat and maltose content, as well as sedimentation, farinogram and bread-makin ... | 1987 | 3455191 |
| [supplementation of wheat flour with chickpea (cicer arietinum) flour. ii. chemical composition and biological quality of breads made with blends of the same]. | experimental bread made of wheat flour complemented with 5, 10 and 15% chick-pea flour was studied, using wheat bread as control. samples were analyzed for their proximal chemical composition and amino acids content. crude fiber and protein increased from 0.36% to 0.55%, and from 14% to 17.6%, respectively, when 15% chick-pea flour was added. the lysine content increased as the level of supplementation was raised. biological quality of proteins was measured in rats as protein efficiency ratio (p ... | 1987 | 3506405 |
| [use of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) in non-dairy formulas. i. chemical composition and nutritive quality of chickpeas and a comparison with commercial infant formulas]. | a study was carried out to determine, in rats, the chemical composition and protein quality determinations: per, npr and npu of chick-pea, milk powder and two different commercial infant formulas for babies with lactose intolerance. the formulas studied were "casec" (calcium caseinate), "sobee" (soy flour), "plenilac" (milk powder) and cooked chick-pea flour, alone or supplemented with methionine and/or tryptophan. the protein and fat contents of "casec" were 88 and 2%, respectively, while chick ... | 1987 | 3506409 |
| biochemistry and technology of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seeds. | chickpea is an important source of proteins, carbohydrates, b-group vitamins, and certain minerals, particularly to the populations of developing nations. india contributes over 75% of the chickpea production in the world where it is mostly consumed as dhal, whole seeds, and several types of traditional, fermented, deep fried, sweetened, and puffed products. in this review, the world production and distribution, genetic background, biochemical and nutritional quality, and developments in storage ... | 1986 | 3549160 |
| energy utilization of supplemented cereal diets in human volunteers. | energy utilization was studied in human volunteers using different diets containing wheat flour supplemented by groundnut (arachis hypogaea), "masur" (lens culinaris), mung (phaseolus aureus) and gram (cicer arietinum) flour. digestible and metabolizable energies were determined for all the experimental diets. an improved energy digestibility was observed when wheat flour was supplemented with groundnut flour, and groundnut flour plus gram flour, i.e. 93.35 and 89.48%, respectively. percent dige ... | 1986 | 3632213 |
| a mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins. | 1. saponins are steroid or triterpene glycosides which occur in a number of important food plants, including such staples as soya beans (glycine max) and chickpeas (cicer arietinum). they are known to be hypocholesterolaemic. 2. some saponins form an insoluble complex with cholesterol which prevents its absorption from the small intestine. others cause an increase in the faecal excretion of bile acids, an indirect route for elimination of cholesterol. 3. we have investigated the effects of diffe ... | 1986 | 3676181 |
| studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. part i. effect of germination of chickpea (cicer arietinum) on the nutritive value and digestibility of proteins. | for the purpose of developing an infant food of improved dispersibility characteristics and high nutritive quality, different treatments and technologies were applied to chickpea (cicer arietinum). samples were germinated for two and four days at room temperature (25 - 27 degrees c). one portion of each germinated chickpea sample was boiled for 40 min and the other portion was autoclaved at 15 psi for 15 min. these processed samples were then compared with the corresponding value of raw germinat ... | 1985 | 3836608 |
| studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. part ii. effect of processing conditions on the chemical and nutritive properties of chickpea (cicer arietinum). | in order to improve the taste, flavor and nutritional quality of chickpea (cicer arietinum), various processing conditions were studied. the decorticated samples were processed under various conditions, either by presoaking or non-soaking in water or sodium carbonate solution. the proteins were also isolated from water or carbonate-presoaked chickpea and subjected to various processing. carbonate-presoaked samples gave slightly lower protein and ash values. no major changes in other constituents ... | 1985 | 3842055 |
| studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. part iii. preparation, processing and properties of various products developed. | studies have been carried out on the development of a low-cost, high-quality infant food of low paste viscosity from rice, chickpea (cicer arietinum) and cow's milk. in order to improve the overall quality of the product, chickpea was processed by different methods prior to its incorporation. a number of formulations was prepared by mixing 52% rice, 30% each, the processed chickpea sample, and 18% whole milk powder. these mixtures were processed by extrusion cooking or drum drying. in the case o ... | 1985 | 3842932 |
| effect of different levels of pulse protein (cicer arietinum) on liver enzymes. | | 1970 | 4314660 |
| influence of some trace elements on the growth of rhizobium from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and gram (cicer arietinum l.). | | 1972 | 4679121 |
| effect of bengal gram, cicer arietinum l., on experimental atherosclerosis. | | 1973 | 4779297 |
| effects of bengal gram on cholesterol induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. | | 1972 | 5017797 |
| lipodiatic activity of bengal gram. | | 1971 | 5138953 |
| hypocholesterolaemic effect of bengal gram: a long-term study in man. | | 1968 | 5636741 |
| a comparative study of hypocholesterolemic activity of lipid extract of bengal gram with safflower oil, mustard oil and ground-nut oil in albino rats. | | 1968 | 5711604 |
| reproduction in rats fed dilipidized bengal gram (cicer arietinum l). | | 1969 | 5771173 |
| effect of bengal gram, kabuli gram, green gram and bajra on serum and tissue lipids in rabbits fed on hypercholesterolaemic diet. | | 1965 | 5853538 |
| bengal gram proteins--their effect on serum lipids in albino rats. | | 1966 | 5914881 |
| effect of wheat and bengal gram diets on glutamic acid metabolism in rat brain. | | 1981 | 6115815 |
| effect of different levels of bengal gram protein on the ferroenzymes of rat liver. | | 1980 | 6249732 |
| effect of wheat flour, bengal gram flour and corn flour on lipid metabolism in rats. | male albino rats were fed on respective diets of wheat flour, bengal gram flour and corn flour for 8 weeks at the 59% level. it was observed that the increase in weight after wheat flour and bengal gram flour feeding was 6.8 and 12.0% respectively and that the decrease after corn flour feeding was 5.2% as compared to the control animals on sucrose diet. serum cholesterol and liver cholesterol levels were significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased after wheat flour, bengal gram flour and corn flo ... | 1984 | 6491775 |
| a survey of the nutritional and haemagglutination properties of legume seeds generally available in the uk. | eighty-five samples from fifteen different legume seed lines generally available in the uk were examined by measurements of their net protein utilization by rats and by haemagglutination tests with erythrocytes from a number of different animal species. from these results the seeds were classified into four broad groups. group a seeds from most varieties of kidney (phaseolus vulgaris), runner (phaseolus coccineus) and tepary (phaseolus acutifolius) beans showed high reactivity with all cell type ... | 1983 | 6615758 |
| effect of dietary cane sugar & bengal gram on blood lipids & insulin. | | 1982 | 6764211 |
| limiting amino acids in bengal gram (cicer arietinum) as determined from blood amino acid levels and amino acid supplementation studies in the rat. | the limiting amino acids of bengal gram (cicer arietinum) were determined from plasma amino acid score and ratio and growth response of weanling rats to supplements of amino acids. the results indicated that methionine, threonine and tryptophan are the most limiting amino acids. protein efficiency ratio of raw and cooked bengal gram fed at a dietary level of 10% protein increased from 2.7 to 3.7 and 2.4 to 3.4, respectively, on supplementing the diets with methionine, threonine and tryptophan. p ... | 1982 | 6816130 |
| properties of a lectin purified from the seeds of cicer arietinum. | a lectin was isolated from seed extracts of cicer arietinum by (nh4)2so4 precipitation and subsequent ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. affinity chromatography on desialylated human igm coupled to ah-sepharose was also performed, but the amount bound was very low. the lectin has a molecular mass of about 44000 da, as determined by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed one band corresponding to a molecular mass of 26000 da ... | 1983 | 6884991 |
| imitation milks from cicer arietinum (l.), vigna unguiculata (l.) walpers and vigna radiata (l.) wilczek and other legumes. | | 1981 | 6894776 |
| protein accumulation and protein quality of bengal gram (cicer arietinum) cotyledons during development. | | 1981 | 7204758 |
| in vitro screening of potential anti-cancer chemicals: effect of purine pyrimidine analogues on seed germination. | germinating cicer arietinum seeds were used to simulate embryonic tissue for evaluating toxicity of purine and pyrimidine analogues. 6-mercaptopurine stimulated germination, whereas 8-azaadenine, 8-azaguanine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 6-amino, 2-hydroxypurine and 5-fluorouracil inhibited germination. 6-methyluracil, 5-aminouracil and methylxanthines, viz. caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and uric acid exhibited little inhibitory effects. rna synthesis ensued immediately after water imbibition and r ... | 1981 | 7292509 |
| emblica officinalis gaertn and serum cholesterol level in experimental rabbits. | twelve albino rabbits of either sex weighing 1.0-1.25 kg were fed a standard laboratory diet of green grass and sattu (roasted bengal gram). after a 2-week run-in period their serum cholesterol levels were estimated. all animals were now fed 0.5 g cholesterol and 1.0 g clarified butter daily and were not divided into 3 groups of 4 animals each. while all received the standard cholesterol-rich diet, group a animals received no additional substances, animals in group b were each fed 10 mg vitamin ... | 1981 | 7295546 |
| effect of feeding zinc-deficient bengal gram (cicer arietenum) diet to rats on the in vitro absorption of l-histidine monohydrochloride. | | 1981 | 7327231 |
| possible dietary protective factors in relation to the distribution of duodenal ulcer in india and bangladesh. | in india there are regions of high incidence and regions of low incidence of duodenal ulcer. rats prefed for two weeks on diets from low incidence areas developed significantly fewer rumenal ulcers after pyloric ligation than rats fed on diets from high incidence areas. the protective action was found in various individual items of food taken from the diets of low incidence areas. unrefined wheat and rice, certain pulses (black gram, green gram, horse gram), some millets (sava, kutki, ragi), soy ... | 1980 | 7461465 |
| fate and interconversion of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-hch on gram (cicer arietinum linn.) plants under subtropical field conditions at ludhiana, india. | | 1993 | 7684288 |
| genotypic and phenotypic diversity of rhizobium isolated from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | the diversity of 16 strains of chickpea-infective rhizobia from various geographical origins was analysed using genotypic and phenotypic approaches. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was performed, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the amplified 16s + igs (intergenic spacer) rrna gene, assimilation of 147 carbon sources, antibiotic resistance, and tolerance to nacl and extreme ph values and temperatures were tested. these approaches had different discriminating powers. esterase po ... | 1994 | 7915190 |
| insoluble dietary fiber of grain food legumes and protein digestibility. | the present work aimed to verify the digestibility of cooked whole food grain legumes. samples of beans (phaseolus vulgaris and vigna sinensis), chickpeas (cicer arietinum) and lentils (lens culinaris) were used in the experiment. the interrelationship between the insoluble dietary fiber presented in the food grain legumes and the low protein digestibility was studied. the insoluble dietary fiber and the proteic nitrogen presented in the neutral detergent fiber (ndf) were determined. "in vivo" d ... | 1993 | 8002707 |
| strenuous exercise decreases motility and cross-sectional area of human gastric antrum. a study using ultrasound. | gastric emptying in humans is delayed with strenuous exercise. we used ultrasound imaging in six healthy volunteers to determine whether changes in motility and configuration of the gastric outlet contribute to this delay. after fasting, all individuals ingested chicken broth and garbanzo beans. with subjects sitting upright, transverse and longitudinal real-time views of the gastric antrum were recorded on video tape. in the exercise studies, subjects pedaled an ergometer for 10 min to attain a ... | 1994 | 8174435 |
| hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth seeds (amaranthus esculantus). | hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth seeds was studied in male wistar strain albino rats as against bengal gram. the results showed that liver weights were significantly higher in animals with hypercholesterolemia inducing diet. contrarily, weights of other organs like brain, kidney, testes and spleen showed higher weights with amaranth and bengal gram diets. serum lipid and tg (triglyceride) contents were lower and hdl-cholesterol fraction was higher and comparable with amaranth seed diet. fe ... | 1993 | 8332587 |
| nucleus accumbens lesion does not affect schedule induced polydipsia. | rats with lesion of nucleus accumbens were hypodipsic under free-feeding conditions. in schedule-induced polydipsia (sip) tests conducted by reducing the rats to 70% of free-feeding body weight and delivering 60 mg bengal gram pellets on a fixed time 1-min schedule, nucleus accumbens lesions did not delay the acquisition or show a decrease in the maintenance of s.i.p. | 1996 | 8950145 |
| extrusion and boiling improve rat body weight gain and plasma cholesterol lowering ability of peas and chickpeas. | this study investigated the effect of feeding peas (pisum sativum) and chickpeas (cicer arietinum) processed by boiling or extrusion on growth performance, plasma cholesterol concentrations and organ weights of rats. casein was used as the protein source in the control diets. complementarity of wheat and legumes on protein quality was also evaluated. boiled or extruded legumes significantly increased body weight gain (bwg) of rats but not protein efficiency ratio (per) when compared with raw leg ... | 1996 | 9001374 |
| evaluation of the binding patterns of eleven fitc-conjugated lectins in fischer 344 rat testes. | the binding patterns of 11 recently commercially available fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins that have been uncharacterized or undercharacterized in rat testes and/or have an unknown or complex carbohydrate specificity were evaluated in paraffin sections from fischer 344 rat testes. several of the lectins exhibited unique binding patterns that provide information about changes in carbohydrate domains, particularly during germ-cell maturation, that occur during spermatogenesis. agaric ... | 1997 | 9089070 |
| interaction of proteases with legume seed inhibitors. molecular features. | after having found that raw black beans (phaseolus vulgaris) were toxic, while the cooked ones constitute the basic diet of the underdeveloped peoples of the world, in the sixties, our research directed by dr. jaffé, concentrated mainly around the detection and identification of the heat labile toxic factors in legume seeds. a micromethod for the detection of protease inhibitors (pi) in individual seeds was developed, for the purpose of establishing that the multiple trypsin inhibitors (ti) foun ... | 1996 | 9137634 |
| functional properties of thermally treated legume flours. | functional properties of four thermally treated decorticated legume flours namely, bengal gram (cicer arietinum), black gram (phaseolus f1p4o roxb.), green gram (phaseolus aureus roxb.) and lentils (lens esculenta) were studied. samples with moisture levels of 3.2, 3.3, 1.3 and 5.0% for all four were subjected to dry heat treatment in a covered vessel in pressure cooker. (untreated flours served as controls. thermal treatment lowered nitrogen solubility profiles of all flours and increased water ... | 1997 | 9205596 |
| effect of infestation (callosobruchus chinensis l.) of chick peas (bengal gram) on biological utilization of proteins. | bengal gram (cicer aritinum) was infested with callosobruchis chinensis (l) at 20%, 40% and 60% level of infestation and fed to rats for 40 days. effect of incorporation of uninfested and infested bengal gram on feed intake, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (per), true protein digestibility (tpd), biological value (bv), net protein utilization(npu) and changes in internal organs were studied. inclusion of infested grains had significant effect on the utilization of proteins. diets having 60 ... | 1997 | 9316011 |
| dietary consumption of lathyrus sativus seeds induces behavioral changes in the rat. | neurolathyrism is a degenerative disorder due to an excessive consumption of lathyrus sativus (ls) seeds, which contain the neurotoxic amino acid beta-n-oxalylamino-l-alanine. in this study, a population of wistar rats was fed a diet with ls seeds up to 8 months. two control groups were chosen, one receiving standard food and the other cicer arietinum seeds (a nontoxic legume). at the end of the dietary period, the groups previously fed the seeds were switched to standard food for 1 month (wash- ... | 1997 | 9339216 |
| genetic diversity of rhizobial symbionts isolated from legume species within the genera astragalus, oxytropis, and onobrychis. | the genetic diversity of 44 rhizobial isolates from astragalus, oxytropis, and onobrychis spp. originating from different geographic locations was evaluated by mapped restriction site polymorphism (mrsp) analysis of 16s rrna genes and by pcr dna fingerprinting with repetitive sequences (rep-pcr). a comparison of tree topologies of reference strains constructed with data obtained by mrsp and by 16s rrna gene sequence analyses showed that the topologies were in good agreement, indicating that the ... | 1997 | 9406393 |
| probiotic fermented food mixtures: possible applications in clinical anti-diarrhoea usage. | a probiotic fermented pcmt food mixture was developed by fermentation of an autoclaved and cooled slurry of pearl millet flour, chickpea flour, skim milk powder and fresh tomato pulp (pcmt 2:1:1:1, w/w) with lactobacillus acidophilus (10(5) cells/ml), a probiotic organism at 37 degrees c for 24 h. such a fermented mixture inhibited the growth of pathogenic organisms, namely shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhosa and e. coli. a significant decline in ph with a corresponding increase in titratab ... | 1998 | 9502235 |
| nutritional utilization by rats of chickpea (cicer arietinum) meal and its isolated globulin proteins is poorer than that of defatted soybean or lactalbumin. | the effects on performance, digestibility, n utilization and plasma amino acid concentrations of dietary chickpea (cicer arietinum, var. kabuli) seed meal, globulin proteins or buffer-insoluble residue [starch + non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) + lignin] were studied in growing rats. chickpea meal, defatted soybean meal, chickpea globulins and lactalbumin were each incorporated into diets as the sole source of dietary protein (100 g/kg). in addition, chickpea insoluble residue was included in a ... | 1998 | 9614167 |
| acetoacetyl coenzyme a reductase and polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis in rhizobium (cicer) sp. strain cc 1192 | biochemical controls that regulate the biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) were investigated in rhizobium (cicer) sp. strain cc 1192. this species is of interest for studying phb synthesis because the polymer accumulates to a large extent in free-living cells but not in bacteroids during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) plants. evidence is presented that indicates that cc 1192 cells retain the enzymic capacity to synthesize phb when they differentiate from th ... | 1998 | 9687441 |
| selenium-mediated differential response of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase of germinating trigonella foenum-graecum. | beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity profile tested in different seeds during 24 h germination revealed reasonably high levels of activity in vigna radiata, cicer arietinum, and trigonella foenum-graecum. in all seeds tested, beta-galactosidase activity was, in general, higher than that of beta-glucosidase. t. foenum-graecum seedlings exhibited maximal total and specific activities for both the enzymes during 72 h germination. se supplementation as na2seo3 up to 0.75 ppm was found to ... | 1998 | 9845479 |
| sequence-tagged microsatellite site markers for chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | two small-insert genomic libraries of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) were screened with a set of microsatellite-specific oligonucleotide probes. a total of 121 positive clones were identified among 13,000 plated colonies. thirty-nine clones were recognized by (taa)5, 26 by (ga)8, 18 by (gt)8, 27 by a pool of at-rich trinucleotide repeats [(caa)5, (cat)5, and (gaa)5], and 11 by a pool of gc-rich trinucleotides [(tcc)5, (cac)5, (cag)5, and (cga)5]. of 53 clones selected for sequencing, 43 carried a ... | 1999 | 10231957 |
| effect of processing methods on the calcium, phosphorus, and phytic acid contents and nutritive utilization of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | the effect of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) processing methods on the nutritive utilization of calcium and phosphorus and on phytic acid, a seed component that affects mineral utilization, was studied. chemical and biological methods were used for nutritional determinations in growing rats. the digestive utilization of calcium from raw chickpea was adequate for growing rats; however, processing resulted in a slight decrease. the metabolic utilization of chickpea calcium was low because of the lo ... | 1999 | 10552569 |
| enhancement of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase of trigonella foenum-graecum by exposure to the allelochemical mimosine. | glycohydrolases assume significance in the metabolism of biological systems and have important industrial applications in the areas of pharmaceuticals, food, and medicine. glycosidases were screened in germinating seeds, and attempts were made to enhance their levels. screening of glycosidases in the seedlings during a 72 h germination period revealed higher levels of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase in trigonella foenum-graecum compared to cicer arietinum and vigna radiata. activity of b ... | 1999 | 10563917 |
| cloning and characterization of eight cytochrome p450 cdnas from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cell suspension cultures. | eight different p450 sequences were isolated from a cdna library derived from cultured chickpea cells (cultivar ilc3279) elicited with a phytophthora sojae (formerly megasperma) elicitor (pmg-elicitor) by screening with heterologous and homologous probes. screening with cyp73a1 from helianthus tuberosus yielded several clones with one identical sequence. a full-length clone could be isolated and this sequence was assigned cyp73a19. heterologous expression in yeast confirmed that cyp73a19 is the ... | 2000 | 10773344 |
| assessing phytoestrogen exposure in epidemiologic studies: development of a database (united states). | phytoestrogens (weak estrogens found in plants or derived from plant precursors by human metabolism) have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. however, epidemiologic studies addressing this issue are hampered by the lack of a comprehensive phytoestrogen database for quantifying exposure. the purpose of this research was to develop such a database for use with food-frequency questionnaires in large epidemiologic studies. | 2000 | 10843440 |
| characterization of an atrazine-degrading pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from canadian and french agricultural soils. | atrazine, a herbicide widely used in corn production, is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant. fourteen bacterial strains able to use this herbicide as a sole source of nitrogen were isolated from soils obtained from two farms in canada and two farms in france. these strains were indistinguishable from each other based on repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr genomic fingerprinting performed with primers eric1r, eric2, and boxa1r. based on 16s rrna sequence analysis of one representativ ... | 2000 | 10877767 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding two glycine-rich proteins in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.): accumulation in response to fungal infection and other stress factors. | in chickpea plants infected with the pathogenic fungus ascochyta rabiei [pass.] labr. several mrnas for two glycine-rich proteins (grps) were identified by differential cdna screening. the main part of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 14.6 kd grp1 and the larger grp2 consists of glycine-rich repetitive elements essentially as found for grps in other plants. tyrosine residues in conserved positions inside these repetitive motifs suggest an involvement of the grps in a polymerization proces ... | 2000 | 10725561 |
| optimization of the solid state fermentation process to obtain tempeh from hardened chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.). | solid state fermentation (ssf) represents a technological alternative for a great variety of cereals and legumes, or combination of them, to improve their nutritional quality and to obtain edible products with palatable sensorial characteristics. the objective of this work was to find the best conditions of fermentation temperature and time to obtain tempeh from hardened chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) applying ssf. response surface methodology (rsm) was applied over three response variables (phy ... | 2000 | 11030476 |
| hard-to-cook phenomenon in chickpeas (cicer arietinum l): effect of accelerated storage on quality. | storage, at high temperature (> or = 25 degrees c) and high relative humidity (> or = 65%), causes development of hard to cook (htc) phenomenon in grain legumes. the objective of this work was to study the effect of storage simulating tropical conditions on chickpeas quality. the hardening of the surutato 77, mocorito 88, and blanco sinaloa 92 chickpea varieties was produced using adverse storage (32 +/- 1 degrees c, rh = 75%, 160 days) conditions. for all samples, the hunter 'l' values decrease ... | 2000 | 11030477 |
| hemagglutinins in vegetative tissues of bengal gram. | hemagglutinating activity was identified in the roots and vegetative tissues of bengal gram using rabbit erythrocytes. the activity in the roots appears to be similar to that of the seeds in respect to their sugar inhibition property. seed and root extracts were found to have fetuin inhibitory agglutinating activity, whereas cotyledons showed different sugar specificity. however, 7-day cotyledons and roots from 3 and 7-day plants were also found to have galactose and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine inh ... | 2000 | 11030478 |
| plant beneficial effect of two strains of proteus vulgaris isolated from tea plantations. | two strains of proteus isolated from tea plantation soil were tested for their ability to colonise the roots of gram (cicer arietinum), bean (phaseolus radiatus) and mung (phaseolus mungo) using a gnotobiotic system. seeds bacterized with the two strains grew faster and showed significant increase in root and shoot enlargement of the plants tested. the bioactive fractions obtained from the culture filtrates and separated through hplc showed that the plant growth promoting fractions were not alwa ... | 1999 | 10687288 |
| influence of legume blends on fried papad quality. | legumes and their blends are widely used for the production of papads. papads with low fat content would be a boon to populations looking for low-calorie foods with retention of organoleptic profile. judicious blending of legumes such as black gram, green gram, bengal gram, red gram and cowpea revealed that low-fat fried papads could be prepared from a blend of 40:36:24 blend of bengal gram:black gram:green gram flours. the blend had 15.6% lower fat content as compared to the control prepared fr ... | 2000 | 11103303 |
| biochemical controls of citrate synthase in chickpea bacteroids. | bacteroids formed by mesorhizobium ciceri cc 1192 in symbiosis with chickpea plants (cicer arietinum l.) contained a single form of citrate synthase [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (coa-acetylating) enzyme; ec 4.1.3.7], which had the same electrophoretic mobility as the enzyme from the free-living cells. the citrate synthase from cc 1192 bacteroids had a native molecular mass of 228 +/- 32 kda and was activated by kcl, which also enhanced stability. double reciprocal plots of initial velocity agains ... | 2000 | 10648103 |
| isolation and characterisation of legumin promoter sequence from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | seed specific promoters are useful for expression of foreign genes in the seeds. we have isolated a cicer arietinum legumin promoter from lambda embl genomic library and subcloned in pbluescript ii ks (-) in eco rv and pst i site. the 2.762 kb hind ii pst i fragment was sequenced completely by dideoxy chain termination method by creating a set of unidirectional deletions of the inserts in pakkiii. the insert contains mainly upstream sequence (2240 bps) and only a part of structural gene (522 bps ... | 2000 | 11218814 |
| symbiotic effectiveness of spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants of rhizobium sp. cicer nodulating chickpea (cicer arietinum). | spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutants were isolated from two fast growing gum-producing strains ca85 and ca401 and from two moderately growing strains ca181 and ca534 of rhizobium sp. cicer. the nodulation ability and symbiotic effectiveness of the mutants relative to parent strains were evaluated on chickpea (cicer arietinum) grown in sterilized chillum jars. some mutants of strains ca85 and ca401 showed nod phenotype whereas some mutants of strains ca181 and ca534 showed nod(+) fix(-) phe ... | 2001 | 11297364 |
| effects of salinity on protein and lipopolysaccharide pattern in a salt-tolerant strain of mesorhizobium ciceri. | to characterize the physiological and metabolic responses of mesorhizobium ciceri strain ch-191 to salt stress, investigating the changes induced by salinity in protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles, as well as determining the accumulation of amino acids, glutamate and proline. | 2001 | 11298245 |
| effects of rhizobacteria and root symbionts on the reproduction of meloidogyne javanica and growth of chickpea. | the effects of rhizobacteria, i.e. pseudomonas fluorescens, azotobacter chyroococcum and azospirillum brasilense, alone and in combination with root symbionts, rhizobium sp. and glomus mosseae, on the growth of chickpea, cicer arietinum, and reproduction of meloidogyne jaranica were studied. when added alone g. mosseae was better at improving plant growth and reducing galling and nematode reproduction than any other tested organism. application of p. fluorescens caused an almost similar increase ... | 2001 | 11396906 |
| immobilization and characterization of beta-galactosidase from the plant gram chicken bean (cicer arietinum). evolution of its enzymatic actions in the hydrolysis of lactose. | beta-galactosidase (beta-d-galactosidase galactohydrolase, ec 3.2.1. 23) isolated and purified from gram chicken bean was immobilized on cross-linked polyacrylamide gel. the activity yield was high and attained up to 72%. compared with the free enzyme, the immobilized enzyme had a wider operational ph range and better thermal stability. lyophilized pieces exhibited good stability when stored at room temperature for 60 days and a favorable operational stability when used eight times repeatedly wi ... | 1999 | 10552372 |
| comparative analysis of the chromosomal and genomic organization of ty1-copia-like retrotransposons in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. | we have investigated the physical distribution of the reverse transcriptase genes of ty1-copia-like retrotransposable elements from 12 plant species belonging to different subdivisions by hybridization in situ on chromosome preparations. ty1-copia-like elements showed different and non-random hybridization patterns. a dispersed distribution throughout most of the chromosomes with reduced hybridization at some regions or with some weak clustering at other regions was found in allium cepa, beta vu ... | 1997 | 9037155 |
| effects of isoflavonoids from cicer on larvae of heliocoverpa armigera. | four recently identified isoflavonoids, isolated from wild relatives of chickpea, cicer arietinum, were shown to deter larval feeding by heliocoverpa armigera at 100 ppm, judaicin and maackiain retained their antifeedant activity at 50 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. the isoflavonoids were tested in combinations and with chlorogenic acid; the combinations containing judaicin and maackiain were most active, and chlorogenic acid enhanced the antifeedant activity of all four isoflavonoids. h. armiger ... | 2001 | 11471948 |