| [review on nonessential constituents of vegetables. ii. cruciferae (brassica vegetables, radish, turnip, rutabaga, horse-radish) and gramineae (onion, leek, chive, garlic, asparagus) (author's transl)]. | in this paper the hitherto known constituents of the titled vegetables except proteins, carbohydrates, triglyceride-fatty acids, and vitamins are reviewed, especially the volatiles, organic acids, phenolics, carotenoids and lipids. | 1977 | 339600 |
| distribution of mrna for the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat brain: expression in areas associated with learning and memory. | the drosophila learning mutant, rutabaga, is deficient in the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase, and studies of associative learning in aplysia have implicated this enzyme in neuroplasticity. therefore, the distribution of mrna encoding the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat brain was examined by in situ hybridization. mrna for this enzyme is expressed in specific areas of brain that have been implicated in learning and memory, including the neocortex, the hippocampus, and the ol ... | 1991 | 2001286 |
| fermentation of vegetable fiber in the intestinal tract of rats and effects on fecal bulking and bile acid excretion. | the fermentative breakdown and fecal bulking capacity of dietary fiber from various vegetables (carrots, rutabagas, peas, green beans and brussels sprouts) were evaluated in balance experiments in rats. the excretion of bile acids, protein and fat was also studied. the addition of blanched vegetables providing 10 g of fiber/100 g of diet caused a two-(rutabagas) to threefold (carrots) increase in fecal dry weight compared to that with a basal fiber-free diet. with green beans and brussels sprout ... | 1990 | 2160526 |
| selenium in tissues of rats fed rutabagas grown on soil covering a coal fly ash landfill. | | 1990 | 2344474 |
| estimation of the potential digestibility and rate of degradation of water-insoluble dietary fiber in the pig cecum with a modified nylon bag technique. | potential digestibility and rate of degradation of water-insoluble material (wim) prepared from rutabaga, wheat bran and digesta recovered from the terminal ileum of pigs fed bran- or rutabaga-based diets were measured in the cecum of surgically modified pigs. wim samples recovered from the cecum after fixed incubation times were analyzed and the rate of total disappearance of organic matter, cellulose, uronic acid and noncellulosic neutral sugars was calculated. maximum degradation of each wim ... | 1987 | 3040941 |
| [goitrogenic and antigoitrogenic properties of rutabaga (brassica rutabaga)]. | | 1968 | 5668892 |
| mediation of pacap-like neuropeptide transmission by coactivation of ras/raf and camp signal transduction pathways in drosophila. | much work on the signal transduction mechanisms underlying neurotransmission has been directed towards studying the roles of the cyclic amp and phosphoinositide pathways. upon ligand binding, the transmitter receptors interact with heterotrimeric g proteins, allowing g alpha and g beta gamma subunits to disengage. the free g alpha then modulates the activity of adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase c. it has been suggested that the g beta gamma complex which is activated through muscarinic or neuro ... | 1995 | 7791875 |
| requirement of drosophila nf1 for activation of adenylyl cyclase by pacap38-like neuropeptides. | the human neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1) tumor suppressor protein functions as a ras-specific guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein, but the identity of ras- mediated pathways modulated by nf1 remains unknown. a study of drosophila nf1 mutants revealed that nf1 is essential for the cellular response to the neuropeptide pacap38 (pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide) at the neuromuscular junction. the peptide induced a 100-fold enhancement of potassium currents by activating the ... | 1997 | 9115204 |
| changes in populations of listeria monocytogenes inoculated on packaged fresh-cut vegetables. | a variety of wholesale and retail packaged vegetables and salads were inoculated with a mixture of strains of listeria monocytogenes and incubated at 4 and 10 degrees c. whole rutabagas, butternut squash, and onions, as well as packaged caesar salad, carrots, coleslaw mix, and stir-fry vegetables were purchased from local supermarkets in the ottawa area. l. monocytogenes population levels remained constant on all fresh-cut vegetables stored at 4 degrees c for 9 days, except for carrots and butte ... | 1998 | 9708280 |
| growth and toxin production by clostridium botulinum on inoculated fresh-cut packaged vegetables. | to determine the safety of fresh-cut vegetables packaged in modified atmosphere, challenge studies using both nonproteolytic and proteolytic strains of clostridium botulinum were performed with a variety of fresh-cut packaged salads and vegetables stored at different temperatures. when vegetables were inoculated with spores of c. botulinum and incubated in low-o2 atmospheres, spore germination and growth and toxin production were observed. botulinum toxin was produced by proteolytic types a and ... | 1998 | 9708304 |
| a neurofibromatosis-1-regulated pathway is required for learning in drosophila. | the tumour-suppressor gene neurofibromatosis 1 (nf1) encodes a ras-specific gtpase activating protein (ras-gap). in addition to being involved in tumour formation, nf1 has been reported to cause learning defects in humans and nf1 knockout mice. however, it remains to be determined whether the observed learning defect is secondary to abnormal development. the drosophila nf1 protein is highly conserved, showing 60% identity of its 2,803 amino acids with human nf1 (ref. 12). previous studies have s ... | 2000 | 10706287 |
| tissue-specific expression of a type i adenylyl cyclase rescues the rutabaga mutant memory defect: in search of the engram. | most attempts to localize physical correlates of memory in the central nervous system (cns) rely on ablation techniques. this approach has the limitation of defining just one of an unknown number of structures necessary for memory formation. we have used the drosophila rutabaga type i ca(2+)/cam-dependent adenylyl cyclase (ac) gene to determine in which cns region ac expression is sufficient for memory formation. using pan-neural and restricted cns expression with the gal4 binary transcription a ... | 2000 | 10706599 |
| localization of a short-term memory in drosophila. | memories are thought to be due to lasting synaptic modifications in the brain. the search for memory traces has relied predominantly on determining regions that are necessary for the process. however, a more informative approach is to define the smallest sufficient set of brain structures. the rutabaga adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in the drosophila brain and that mediates synaptic plasticity, is needed exclusively in the kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies for a com ... | 2000 | 10784450 |
| effects of vegetable type, package atmosphere and storage temperature on growth and survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes. | the survival and growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 (atcc 43888 and nctc 12900) and listeria monocytogenes (atcc 19114 and nctc 11994) during storage (4 and 8 degrees c) on ready-to-use (rtu) packaged vegetables (lettuce, swedes (rutabaga), dry coleslaw mix, soybean sprouts) were studied. the vegetables were sealed within oriented polypropylene packaging film, and modified atmospheres developed in packs during storage due to produce respiration. survival and growth patterns were dependent on veg ... | 2001 | 11641769 |
| spatiotemporal rescue of memory dysfunction in drosophila. | we have developed a method for temporal and regional gene expression targeting (target) in drosophila and show the simultaneous spatial and temporal rescue of a memory defect. the transient expression of the rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase in the mushroom bodies of the adult brain was necessary and sufficient to rescue the rutabaga memory deficit, which rules out a developmental brain defect in the etiology of this deficit and demonstrates an acute role for rutabaga in memory formation in thes ... | 2003 | 14657498 |
| spatiotemporal gene expression targeting with the target and gene-switch systems in drosophila. | targeted gene expression has become a standard technique for the study of biological questions in drosophila. until recently, transgene expression could be targeted in the dimension of either time or space, but not both. several new systems have recently been developed to direct transgene expression simultaneously in both time and space. we describe here two such systems that we developed in our laboratory. the first system provides a general method for temporal and regional gene expression targ ... | 2004 | 14970377 |
| determination of structure and composition of suberin from the roots of carrot, parsnip, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, and sweet potato by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. | suberin from the roots of carrots (daucus carota), parsnip (pastinaca sativa), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica), turnip (brassica rapa), red beet (beta vulgaris), and sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) was isolated by a combination of chemical and enzymatic techniques. finely powdered suberin was depolymerized with 14% bf(3) in methanol, and soluble monomers (20-50% of suberin) were fractionated into phenolic (<10%) and aliphatic (13-35%) fractions. the aliphatic fractions consisted mainly of omega- ... | 1975 | 16659124 |
| diverse tastes: genetics of sweet and bitter perception. | humans will eat almost anything, from caribou livers to rutabagas, but there are some types of foods, and their associated taste qualities, that are preferred by large groups of people regardless of culture or experience. when many choices are available, humans chose foods that taste good, that is, create pleasing sensations in the mouth. the concept of good taste for most people encompasses both flavor and texture of food, and these sensations merge with taste proper to form the concept of good ... | 2006 | 16782140 |
| autism: transient in utero hypothyroxinemia related to maternal flavonoid ingestion during pregnancy and to other environmental antithyroid agents. | the incidence and prevalence of autism have increased during the past two decades. despite comprehensive genetic studies the cause of autism remains unknown. this review emphasizes the potential importance of environmental factors in its causation. alterations of cortical neuronal migration and cerebellar purkinje cells have been observed in autism. neuronal migration, via reelin regulation, requires triiodothyronine (t3) produced by deiodination of thyroxine (t4) by fetal brain deiodinases. exp ... | 2007 | 17651757 |
| total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of indigenous vegetables in the southeast united states: alabama collaboration for cardiovascular equality project. | collard greens, mustard greens, kale, okra, green onion, butter beans, butter peas, purple hull peas, rutabagas, and eggplant are frequently consumed by african americans in the southeast united states. sweet potato greens and purslane are two novel vegetables in this region. the objective of this study was to analyze total phenolics and antioxidant capacity in these indigenous vegetables. the total phenolic content was analyzed using the folin-ciocalteu method and ranged from 7.4 to 53.5 mg gal ... | 2007 | 17886092 |
| comparative behavior of ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in diverse plant species. | ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in numerous plant species worldwide. although biovar 2 mostly affects solanaceous crops, identification of new hosts remains a matter of concern since there is still no clear-cut distinction between host and nonhost plants. in this work we provide data based on histological studies on the status of 20 plant species, most of them of potential interest in crop rotation. plants were watered with a beta-glucuronidase-expressing derivative of r. solanacear ... | 2008 | 18943239 |
| development of heterodera schachtii on large rooted crop plants and the significance of root debris as substratum for increasing field infestations. | heterodera schachtii developed to maturity and reproduced on the lateral roots of defoliated sugarbeet which were buried to a depth of 2.5 cm in sterilized soil and inoculated with cysts. nematodes did not develop on detached lateral roots or on roots of young defoliated beets which did not have a large tap root. the storage roots of large rooted plants were sliced, placed in small jars, inoculated with cysts, covered with moist granulated agar or soil and incubated at 24 degrees c 12-62 days. t ... | 1972 | 19319274 |
| shared visual attention and memory systems in the drosophila brain. | selective attention and memory seem to be related in human experience. this appears to be the case as well in simple model organisms such as the fly drosophila melanogaster. mutations affecting olfactory and visual memory formation in drosophila, such as in dunce and rutabaga, also affect short-term visual processes relevant to selective attention. in particular, increased optomotor responsiveness appears to be predictive of visual attention defects in these mutants. | 2009 | 19543525 |
| genetic and physiological determinants of streptomyces scabies pathogenicity. | summary common scab is a severe disease worldwide affecting tap root crops and potato tubers. it is caused by soil-borne filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus streptomyces. streptomycetes usually are saprophytic microorganisms, but a few species have acquired the ability to infect underground plant tissues. the predominant causal agent of potato scab worldwide is streptomyces scabies. the production of phytotoxins called thaxtomins is essential for the virulence of common scab-causing agen ... | 2009 | 19694949 |
| residues of insecticides and fungicides on ontario-grown vegetables, 1986-1988. | between 1986 and 1988, 433 composite vegetable samples representing 16 commodities were collected from farm deliveries to the marketplace in ontario, canada. all samples were analysed for insecticides and fungicides. the analyses included organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid, and n-methylcarbamate insecticides and dithiocarbamate, dicarboximide, and organochlorine fungicides. the commodities tested included asparagus, beans, carrots, celery, cole crops, cucumbers, lettuce, onio ... | 2007 | 2394275 |
| recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables. | continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescen ... | 2015 | 25926843 |
| viability, longevity, and egg production of drosophila melanogaster are regulated by the mir-282 microrna. | the first micrornas were discovered some 20 years ago, but only a small fraction of the microrna-encoding genes have been described in detail yet. here we report the molecular analysis of a computationally predicted drosophila melanogaster microrna gene, mir-282. we show that the mir-282 gene is the source of a 4.9-kb-long primary transcript with a 5' cap and a 3'-poly(a) sequence and a mature microrna of ∼25 bp. our data strongly suggest the existence of an independent mir-282 gene conserved in ... | 2013 | 23852386 |
| development of three full-length infectious cdna clones of distinct brassica yellows virus genotypes for agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. | brassica yellows virus is a newly identified species in the genus of polerovirus within the family luteoviridae. brassica yellows virus (bryv) is prevalently distributed throughout mainland china and south korea, is an important virus infecting cruciferous crops. based on six bryv genomic sequences of isolates from oilseed rape, rutabaga, radish, and cabbage, three genotypes, bryv-a, bryv-b, and bryv-c, exist, which mainly differ in the 5' terminal half of the genome. bryv is an aphid-transmitte ... | 2015 | 25499296 |
| genetics and molecular mapping of resistance to plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8 in rutabaga (brassica napus var. napobrassica). | clubroot disease, caused by plasmodiophora brassicae, is a threat to the production of brassica crops including oilseed b. napus. in canada, several pathotypes of this pathogen, such as pathotypes 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8, were identified, and resistance to these pathotypes was found in a rutabaga (b. napus var. napobrassica) genotype. in this paper, we report the genetic basis and molecular mapping of this resistance by use of f2, backcross (bc1), and doubled haploid (dh) populations generated from cr ... | 2016 | 27549861 |
| functional characterization of transmembrane adenylyl cyclases from the honeybee brain. | the second messenger camp has a pivotal role in animals' physiology and behavior. intracellular concentrations of camp are balanced by camp-synthesizing adenylyl cyclases (acs) and camp-cleaving phosphodiesterases. knowledge about acs in the honeybee (apis mellifera) is rather limited and only an ortholog of the vertebrate ac3 isoform has been functionally characterized, so far. employing bioinformatics and functional expression we characterized two additional honeybee genes encoding membrane-bo ... | 2012 | 22426196 |
| olfactory conditioning of proboscis activity in drosophila melanogaster. | olfactory learning and memory processes in drosophila have been well investigated with aversive conditioning, but appetitive conditioning has rarely been documented. here, we report for the first time individual olfactory conditioning of proboscis activity in restrained drosophila melanogaster. the protocol was adapted from those developed for proboscis extension conditioning in the honeybee apis mellifera. after establishing a scale of small proboscis movements necessary to characterize respons ... | 2006 | 16964495 |
| odorant-induced oscillations in the mushroom bodies of the locust. | kenyon cells are the intrinsic interneurons of the mushroom bodies in the insect brain, a center for olfactory and multimodal processing and associative learning. these neurons are small (3-8 microns soma diameter) and numerous (340,000 and 400,000 in the bee and cockroach brains, respectively). in drosophila, kenyon cells are the dominant site of expression of the dunce, dc0, and rutabaga gene products, enzymes in the camp cascade whose absence leads to specific defects in olfactory learning. i ... | 1994 | 8182454 |
| post-polyploidisation morphotype diversification associates with gene copy number variation. | genetic models for polyploid crop adaptation provide important information relevant for future breeding prospects. a well-suited model is brassica napus, a recent allopolyploid closely related to arabidopsis thaliana. flowering time is a major adaptation trait determining life cycle synchronization with the environment. here we unravel natural genetic variation in b. napus flowering time regulators and investigate associations with evolutionary diversification into different life cycle morphotyp ... | 2017 | 28165502 |
| morphology of a sensory neuron in drosophila is abnormal in memory mutants and changes during aging. | several mutations in drosophila impair learning and the camp cascade. we report here that the fine morphology of an identified mechanosensory neuron is abnormal in two of these mutants, dunce (dnc) and rutabaga (rut). the neuron innervating the antero-notopleural bristle was filled with horseradish peroxidase and studied at the light- and electron-microscopy level. in the mutants dnc and rut, this neuron has an abnormally large number of side branches and varicosities in a defined segment of the ... | 1991 | 1714597 |
| [flavonols and flavones of vegetables. v. flavonols and flavones of root vegetables (author's transl)]. | root vegetables contain flavon(ol) glycosides in tracers up to small amounts, while the level of their leaves are in part considerable (to more than 1 g/kg, calculated as aglycon). radish, rutabagas, scorzoneras, and beets contain less than 1 mg/kg kaempferol and/or quercetin; carrots less than 1 mg/kg apigenin and luteolin; celery roots ca. 75 mg apigenin/kg and 14 mg luteolin/kg; horseradish about 20 mg kaempferol/kg and small radish 1-10 mg kaempferol/kg, whereby all these flavones and flavon ... | 1975 | 1224798 |
| composition of suberin-associated waxes from the subterranean storage organs of seven plants : parsnip, carrot, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, sweet potato and potato. | the waxes associated with the suberin in the periderm of the underground storage organs of parsnip (pastinaca sativa l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica mill.), turnip (brassica rapa l.), red beet (beta vulgaris l.), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) and potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were isolated, fractionated into hydrocarbon, wax ester, free fatty alcohol and free fatty acid fractions, and analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. the amount of ... | 1980 | 24310190 |
| evidence for covalently attached p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in cutins and suberins. | p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) have been identified as constituents of cutin. their reduction products were isolated from a phenolic fraction released from the cutin of the fruits of apple, peach, pear, and two varieties of tomato and apple leaf by treatment with lialh(4) or liald(4). they were identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. p-coumaric acid was present in all samples of cutin (0.07-0.53% by weight), w ... | 1975 | 16659364 |
| analysis of aliphatic waxes associated with root periderm or exodermis from eleven plant species. | aliphatic waxes can be found in association with suberized tissues, including roots. non-polar lipids were isolated by rapid solvent extraction of mature regions of intact roots from eleven angiosperms, including both monocots and dicots. the majority of roots analyzed were taproots or tuberous taproots that had undergone secondary growth and thus were covered by a suberized periderm. the exceptions therein were maize (zea mays l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.), which present a suberized exodermis. ... | 2015 | 26143051 |
| biotic elicitors effectively increase the glucosinolates content in brassicaceae sprouts. | several biotic elicitors have been used in brassicaceae species to enhance their phytochemical quality. however, there is no comparison between elicitors under controlled growth conditions. in order to draw general conclusions about the use of elicitors to enrich ready-to-eat sprouts in health-promoting glucosinolates, the aim of this study was to unveil the effect of the phytohormones methyl jasmonate (25 μm), jasmonic acid (150 μm), and salicylic acid (100 μm), the oligosaccharides glucose (27 ... | 2014 | 24484436 |
| rutabaga (brassica napus l. var. napobrassica) seeds, roots, and sprouts: a novel kind of food with antioxidant properties and proapoptotic potential in hep g2 hepatoma cell line. | although rutabaga (brassica napus l. var. napobrassica) is a popular crop, especially in north europe and north america, its sprouts are a new kind of vegetable. rutabaga roots, and particularly sprouts, have not been investigated so far for antioxidant and anticancer effect on human tumor cells (hep g2). therefore, in vitro tests were conducted to find out whether rutabaga seeds, roots, and sprouts exert a cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells and combine them with other biological properties of ... | 2013 | 23957358 |
| vitamin c, total phenolics and antioxidative activity in tip-cut green beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and swede rods (brassica napus var. napobrassica) processed by methods used in catering. | retention of nutrients in vegetables during blanching/freezing, cooking and warm-holding is crucial in the preparation of both standard and therapeutic diets. in the present study, conventional cooking in water, and cooking by pouch technology (boil-in-bag, sous vide) were compared in their ability to retain vitamin c, total phenolics and antioxidative activity (dpph and frap) in industrially blanched/frozen tip-cut green beans and swede rods. | 2010 | 20394008 |
| the biosynthetic pathway of crucifer phytoalexins and phytoanticipins: de novo incorporation of deuterated tryptophans and quasi-natural compounds. | although several biosynthetic intermediates in pathways to cruciferous phytoalexins and phytoanticipins are common, questions regarding the introduction of substituents at n-1 of the indole moiety remain unanswered. toward this end, we investigated the potential incorporations of several perdeuterated d- and l-1'-methoxytryptophans, d- and l-tryptophans and other indol-3-yl derivatives into pertinent phytoalexins and phytoanticipins (indolyl glucosinolates) produced in rutabaga (brassica napus l ... | 2009 | 19560792 |
| phytoalexins from the crucifer rutabaga: structures, syntheses, biosyntheses, and antifungal activity. | phytoalexins are inducible chemical defenses produced de novo by plants in response to diverse forms of stress, including microbial attack. our search for phytoalexins from economically important crucifers lead us to examine rutabaga tubers (brassica napus l. ssp. rapifera). three new phytoalexins, named isalexin (9), brassicanate a (10), and rutalexin (11), were isolated together with five known phytoalexins, brassinin (4), 1-methoxybrassinin (5), spirobrassinin (13), brassicanal a (14), and br ... | 2004 | 15202903 |
| purification and sequencing of multiple forms of brassica napus seed napin large chains that are calmodulin antagonists and substrates for plant calcium-dependent protein kinase. | six napin large (l) chains (as well as six napin small chains) were resolved from the seeds of kohlrabi (brassica napus var. rapifera) by a procedure involving extraction, batchwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose (cm52) and reversed-phase hplc after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and 2-mercaptoethanol. the precise average molecular masses of the circa 4.5 kda small subunits and the circa 10 kda large subunits were determined by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (esms). of si ... | 1996 | 8679671 |
| purification and sequencing of multiple forms of brassica napus seed napin small chains that are calmodulin antagonists and substrates for plant calcium-dependent protein kinase. | six napin small (s) subunits and six napin large (l) subunits were resolved from the seeds of kohlrabi (brassica napus var. rapifera) by a procedure involving extraction, batchwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose (cm52) and reverse-phase hplc after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and 2-mercaptoethanol. the precise average molecular masses of the ca. 4.5 kda small subunits and the ca. 10 kda large subunits were determined by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (esms). the amino-a ... | 1996 | 8679670 |
| genetic diversity of oilseedbrassica napus germ plasm based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. | oilseed rape (brassica napus) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. cultivars have been developed for many growing regions, however little is known about genetic diversity inb. napus germ plasm. the purpose of the research presented here was to study the genetic diversity and relationships ofb. napus accessions using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). eighty threeb. napus accessions were screened using 43 genomic dna clones which revealed 161 polymorphic fragments. each accessi ... | 1994 | 24186160 |
| isolation and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of kohlrabi (brassica napus var. rapifera) belonging to the napin family of storage proteins. | a trypsin inhibitor with a km of 5 x 10(-5) m has been isolated from kohlrabi (brassica napus var. rapifera). subtilisin dy is inhibited only weakly and chymotrypsin not at all. the inhibitor is closely related to napin as determined by amino acid sequence analysis which also showed the inhibitor to be polymorphous. the inhibitor has been further characterized by means of molecular weight determination using sds gel-electrophoresis and by amino acid analysis, fluorimetry as well as circular dich ... | 1989 | 2490369 |
| stability of chloroplastic triazine resistance in rutabaga backcross generations. | triazine resistance originally observed in a weed biotype of birdsrape (brassica campestris l.) has been transferred through cytoplasmic substitution into rutabaga (brassica napus ssp. rapifera [metzg.] minsk.) by conventional backcrossing. photosynthetic function and resistance to triazines were examined in six backcross generations of rutabaga as well as in the original parents. chloroplast thylakoid membranes were isolated and their sensitivity to atrazine, metribuzin, and diuron assayed by m ... | 1986 | 16664653 |
| field evaluation of insecticides for control of cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae) in rutabaga in canada. | at the time of this research, there were only two insecticides registered for control of cabbage maggot, delia radicum l., in rutabaga in canada, one of which (diazinon) will be deregistered by 2017, and resistance having been reported in some areas for the other (chlorpyrifos). to screen for chemistries to replace these organophosphates, and obtain efficacy data comparable between key vegetable brassica production areas in canada, four small plot field studies were conducted concurrently in bri ... | 2017 | 28031474 |
| spatio-temporal ecology and management of cabbage maggot. | this study analyzes the spatio-temporal dispersion patterns of the cabbage maggot (delia radicum l.) (diptera: anthomyiidae) infestation in rutabagas and turnips in oregon and suggests ways to exploit the spatial and temporal ecology of the cabbage maggot to improve management of the pest. the patchy distribution of cabbage maggots arises from a combination of first-order effects driven by spatial heterogeneity and second-order effects driven by spatial autocorrelation. the intensity of cabbage ... | 2008 | 18419913 |
| biochemical and taxonomic characterization of bacteria associated with the crucifer root maggot (delia radicum). | the crucifer root maggot, delia radicum, is an important pest of cruciferous crops; however, little is known about its digestive biochemistry or resident gut microbiota. a culturing approach was used to survey the types of micro organisms associated with eggs, midgut, and faeces of larvae feeding on rutabaga. all bacteria isolated from the midgut and faecal materials were gram-negative bacilli. nine types of culturable bacteria were identified within the midgut based on analysis of 60 kda chaper ... | 2006 | 16604116 |
| heterorhabditid behavior in the presence of the cabbage maggot, delia radicum, and its host plants. | the behavior of heterorhabditis zealandica poinar strain t327 was investigated in the presence of the cabbage maggot, delia radicum l., and plants that are susceptible to d. radicum infestation. newly formed puparia and freeze-killed third instar larvae were attractive to infective nematodes. newly harvested infective nematodes did not respond to the puparia, whereas 1-month-old and 2-month-old nematodes reached the insect targets within 15 minutes. there were no significant differences in the a ... | 1992 | 19283195 |
| global and local missions of camp signaling in neural plasticity, learning, and memory. | the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster has been a popular model to study camp signaling and resultant behaviors due to its powerful genetic approaches. all molecular components (ac, pde, pka, creb, etc) essential for camp signaling have been identified in the fly. among them, adenylyl cyclase (ac) gene rutabaga and phosphodiesterase (pde) gene dunce have been intensively studied to understand the role of camp signaling. interestingly, these two mutant genes were originally identified on the basis ... | 2015 | 26300775 |
| identification of genes that promote or inhibit olfactory memory formation in drosophila. | genetic screens in drosophila melanogaster and other organisms have been pursued to filter the genome for genetic functions important for memory formation. such screens have employed primarily chemical or transposon-mediated mutagenesis and have identified numerous mutants including classical memory mutants, dunce and rutabaga. here, we report the results of a large screen using panneuronal rnai expression to identify additional genes critical for memory formation. we identified >500 genes that ... | 2015 | 25644700 |
| a novel paradigm for nonassociative long-term memory in drosophila: predator-induced changes in oviposition behavior. | learning processes in drosophila have been studied through the use of pavlovian associative memory tests, and these paradigms have been extremely useful in identifying both genetic factors and neuroanatomical structures that are essential to memory formation. whether these same genes and brain compartments also contribute to memory formed from nonassociative experiences is not well understood. exposures to environmental stressors such as predators are known to induce innate behavioral responses ... | 2015 | 25633088 |
| a novel role for ecdysone in drosophila conditioned behavior: linking gpcr-mediated non-canonical steroid action to camp signaling in the adult brain. | the biological actions of steroid hormones are mediated primarily by their cognate nuclear receptors, which serve as steroid-dependent transcription factors. however, steroids can also execute their functions by modulating intracellular signaling cascades rapidly and independently of transcriptional regulation. despite the potential significance of such "non-genomic" steroid actions, their biological roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood, particularly with regard ... | 2013 | 24130506 |
| selectivity and plasticity in a sound-evoked male-male interaction in drosophila. | during courtship, many animals, including insects, birds, fish, and mammals, utilize acoustic signals to transmit information about species identity. although auditory communication is crucial across phyla, the neuronal and physiologic processes are poorly understood. sound-evoked chaining behavior, a display of homosexual courtship behavior in drosophila males, has long been used as an excellent model for analyzing auditory behavior responses, outcomes of acoustic perception and higher-order br ... | 2013 | 24086330 |
| e and m circadian pacemaker neurons use different pdf receptor signalosome components in drosophila. | we used real-time imaging to detect camp levels in neurons of intact fly brains to study the mechanisms of circadian pacemaker synchronization by the neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (pdf) in drosophila. pdf receptor (pdf-r) is expressed by both m (slnv) and e (lnd) pacemaker subclasses and is coupled to g(sα) in both cases. we previously reported that pdf-r in m pacemakers elevates camp levels by activating the ortholog of mammalian adenylate cyclase 3 (ac3) but that ac3 disruptions had n ... | 2013 | 23929551 |
| modeling novelty habituation during exploratory activity in drosophila. | habituation is a common form of non-associative learning in which the organism gradually decreases its response to repeated stimuli. the decrease in exploratory activity of many animal species during exposure to a novel open field arena is a widely studied habituation paradigm. however, a theoretical framework to quantify how the novelty of the arena is learned during habituation is currently missing. drosophila melanogaster display a high mean absolute activity and a high probability for direct ... | 2013 | 23597866 |
| experience-dependent plasticity of the optomotor response in drosophila melanogaster. | experience in early life can affect the development of the nervous system. there is now evidence that experience-dependent plasticity exists in adult insects. to uncover the molecular basis of plasticity, an invertebrate model, such as drosophila melanogaster, is a powerful tool, as many established genetic and molecular methods can be applied. to establish a model system in which behavioral plasticity can be examined, we investigated the optomotor response, a behavior common to most sight-relia ... | 2012 | 23406844 |
| suppression of inhibitory gabaergic transmission by camp signaling pathway: alterations in learning and memory mutants. | the camp signaling pathway mediates synaptic plasticity and is essential for memory formation in both vertebrates and invertebrates. in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, mutations in the camp pathway lead to impaired olfactory learning. these mutant genes are preferentially expressed in the mushroom body (mb), an anatomical structure essential for learning. while camp-mediated synaptic plasticity is known to be involved in facilitation at the excitatory synapses, little is known about its f ... | 2013 | 23387411 |
| the propensity for consuming ethanol in drosophila requires rutabaga adenylyl cyclase expression within mushroom body neurons. | alcohol activates reward systems through an unknown mechanism, in some cases leading to alcohol abuse and dependence. herein, we utilized a two-choice capillary feeder assay to address the neural and molecular basis for ethanol self-administration in drosophila melanogaster. wild-type drosophila shows a significant preference for food containing between 5% and 15% ethanol. preferred ethanol self-administration does not appear to be due to caloric advantage, nor due to perceptual biases, suggesti ... | 2012 | 22624869 |
| distinct molecular underpinnings of drosophila olfactory trace conditioning. | trace conditioning is valued as a simple experimental model to assess how the brain associates events that are discrete in time. here, we adapted an olfactory trace conditioning procedure in drosophila melanogaster by training fruit flies to avoid an odor that is followed by foot shock many seconds later. the molecular underpinnings of the learning are distinct from the well-characterized simultaneous conditioning, where odor and punishment temporally overlap. first, rutabaga adenylyl cyclase (r ... | 2011 | 22123966 |
| a distinct set of drosophila brain neurons required for neurofibromatosis type 1-dependent learning and memory. | nonspecific cognitive impairments are one of the many manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1). a learning phenotype is also present in drosophila melanogaster that lack a functional neurofibromin gene (nf1). multiple studies have indicated that nf1-dependent learning in drosophila involves the camp pathway, including the demonstration of a genetic interaction between nf1 and the rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase (rut-ac). olfactory classical conditioning experiments have previously demo ... | 2010 | 20668197 |
| synapsin is selectively required for anesthesia-sensitive memory. | odor-shock memory in drosophila melanogaster consists of heterogeneous components each with different dynamics. we report that a null mutant for the evolutionarily conserved synaptic protein synapsin entails a memory deficit selectively in early memory, leaving later memory as well as sensory motor function unaffected. notably, a consolidated memory component remaining after cold-anesthesia is not impaired, suggesting that only anesthesia-sensitive memory [asm] depends on synapsin. the lack of s ... | 2010 | 20154352 |
| odour avoidance learning in the larva of drosophila melanogaster. | drosophila larvae can be trained to avoid odours associated with electric shock. we describe here, an improved method of aversive conditioning and a procedure for decomposing learning retention curve that enables us to do a quantitative analysis of memory phases, short term (stm), middle term (mtm) and long term (ltm) as a function of training cycles. the same method of analysis when applied to learning mutants dunce, amnesiac, rutabaga and radish reveals memory deficits characteristic of the mu ... | 2009 | 19920347 |
| distinct memories of odor intensity and quality in drosophila. | even in a simple pavlovian memory task an animal may form several associations that can be independently assessed by the appropriate tests. studying conditioned odor discrimination of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster we found that animals store quality and intensity of an odor as separate memory traces. the trace of odor intensity is short-lived, decaying in <3 h. only the last intensity value is stored. in contrast to odor-quality memory, odor-intensity memory does not require the rutabaga ... | 2008 | 18824685 |
| neurogenetic approaches to habituation and dishabituation in drosophila. | we review work in the major model systems for habituation in drosophila melanogaster, encompassing several sensory modalities and behavioral contexts: visual (giant fiber escape response, landing response); chemical (proboscis extension reflex, olfactory jump response, locomotory startle response, odor-induced leg response, experience-dependent courtship modification); electric (shock avoidance); and mechanical (leg resistance reflex, cleaning reflex). each model system shows several of thompson ... | 2009 | 18765288 |
| multiple memory traces for olfactory reward learning in drosophila. | physical traces underlying simple memories can be confined to a single group of cells in the brain. in the fly drosophila melanogaster, the kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies house traces for both appetitive and aversive odor memories. the adenylate cyclase protein, rutabaga, has been shown to mediate both traces. here, we show that, for appetitive learning, another group of cells can additionally accommodate a rutabaga-dependent memory trace. localized expression of rutabaga in either projecti ... | 2007 | 17928455 |
| further characterization of an aversive learning task in drosophila melanogaster: intensity of the stimulus, relearning, and use of rutabaga mutants. | various learning tasks have been described in drosophila melanogaster, flies being either tested in groups or at the individual level. le bourg and buecher (anim learn behav 33:330-341, 2002) have designed a task at the individual level: photopositive flies crossing a t-maze learn to prefer the dark exit when the lighted one is associated with the presence of aversive stimuli (humidity and quinine). previous studies have reported various results (e.g. no effect of age) and the present article fu ... | 2007 | 17846780 |
| the fickle mutation of a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase effects sensitization but not dishabituation in drosophila melanogaster. | fickle is a p-element mutation identified from a screen for defects in courtship behavior and disrupts the fly homolog of bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) gene (baba et al., 1999). here, we show that habituation of the olfactory jump reflex also is defective in fickle. unlike, the prototypical memory mutants, rutabaga and dunce, which habituate more slowly than normal, fickle flies habituate faster than normal. fickle's faster-than-normal response decrement did not appear to be due to sensorimotor ... | 2016 | 17464798 |
| g(o) signaling is required for drosophila associative learning. | heterotrimeric g(o) is one of the most abundant proteins in the brain, yet relatively little is known of its neural functions in vivo. here we demonstrate that g(o) signaling is required for the formation of associative memory. in drosophila melanogaster, pertussis toxin (ptx) is a selective inhibitor of g(o) signaling. the postdevelopmental expression of ptx within mushroom body neurons robustly and reversibly inhibits associative learning. the effect of g(o) inhibition is distributed in both g ... | 2006 | 16845387 |
| gprk2 controls camp levels in drosophila development. | g protein-coupled receptors mediate their biological responses through the generation of second messengers, such as camp. the down-regulation of their activity (desensitization) is carried out, in part, by the family of g protein-coupled receptor kinases, which phosphorylate activated receptors. the gprk2 gene in drosophila melanogaster is a putative member of this family. the gprk2 protein is expressed most abundantly in the ovaries and in the mushroom bodies, the brain region that is implicate ... | 2001 | 11319866 |
| a calcium-inhibited drosophila adenylyl cyclase. | mammals possess a family of transmembrane, g-protein-responsive adenylyl cyclase isoforms (tmacs) encoded by distinct genes differing in their patterns of expression and modes of biochemical regulation. our previous work confirmed that drosophila melanogaster also possesses a family of tmac isoforms defining the fly as a suitable genetic model for discerning mammalian tmac function. we now describe a drosophila tmac, dac39e, which employs a novel means for regulating its expression; differential ... | 2000 | 10656970 |
| abnormal mushroom body plasticity in the drosophila memory mutant amnesiac. | in drosophila melanogaster, adult or larval rearing conditions influence brain structure. in particular, larval density affects the number of fibers forming the mushroom bodies, a neuropil structure involved in olfactory learning. the mushroom bodies receive chemosensory inputs from the antennal lobes at the level of the calyx. in this study we report that larval density affects calyx volume measured shortly after eclosion from the pupal case. we observe that in the memory mutant amnesiac this f ... | 1998 | 9760108 |
| structure and expression of the antigen 5-related gene of drosophila melanogaster. | the agr gene of drosophila melanogaster was localized to the x chromosome 12f region between the netrin b and rutabaga genes. a p1 clone containing this area was identified, and restriction sites within this clone were mapped. the entire agr gene and some flanking region were sequenced, and the transcription start site was determined. the gene was 938 bp in length and included a 108 bp intron, dividing the coding region into a 140 bp 5' exon and a 690 bp 3' exon. the 5' untranslated region (utr) ... | 1998 | 9718681 |
| autosomal mutations in drosophila which reduce operant learning ability. | a collection of drosophila melanogaster mutants was created by insertion of a p-element into autosomes at a rate of one copy per genome. the abilities of 64 homozygous p-insertion mutants to produce a form of associative behavior were determined. testing was based on an original paradigm of operant learning: interactions between drosophila individuals when placed in a group situation in which the flies learned to inhibit their own activity to avoid punishment in the form of conflict with other i ... | 2006 | 9194061 |
| a new paradigm for operant conditioning of drosophila melanogaster. | a freely walking single fly (drosophila melanogaster) can be conditioned to avoid one side of a small test chamber if the chamber is heated whenever the fly enters this side. in a subsequent memory test without heat it keeps avoiding the heat-associated side. the memory mutants dunce and rutabaga successfully avoid the heated side but show no avoidance in the memory test. wildtype flies can be trained to successively avoid alternating sides in a reversal conditioning experiment. every single fly ... | 1996 | 8785009 |
| the cyclic amp system and drosophila learning. | the cyclic amp (camp) system plays a critical role in olfactory learning in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, as evidenced by the following: [1] the dunce gene encodes a form of camp phosphodiesterase (pde). flies carrying mutations at this gene show reduced pde activity, high camp levels, and deficits in olfactory learning and memory [2]. the rutabaga gene encodes one type of adenylyl cyclase (ac) similar in properties to the type i ac characterized from vertebrate brain. this enzyme is a ... | 2015 | 8569740 |
| embryonic camp and developmental potential in drosophila melanogaster. | measurements of camp in early embryos of drosophila melanogaster demonstrate that the dunce gene plays a major role, and the rutabaga gene a secondary role, in maternal regulation of embryonic camp content. studying the double mutant combination, we find that variability in elevated camp content between individual embryos is associated with a wide variability in developmental potential. embryos with about five times the normal camp content define a threshold between apparently normal and abnorma ... | 1992 | 28305849 |
| the drosophila learning and memory gene rutabaga encodes a ca2+/calmodulin-responsive adenylyl cyclase. | four putative adenylyl cyclase genes from drosophila melanogaster were identified by virtue of their extensive sequence homology with mammalian cyclases. one corresponds to the learning and memory gene rutabaga and is most similar to the mammalian brain ca2+/calmodulin (cam)-responsive cyclase. in a mammalian expression system, rutabaga cyclase activity was stimulated approximately 5-fold by the presence of ca2+/cam. a point mutation, identified at this locus in rut1 mutant flies, resulted in lo ... | 1992 | 1739965 |
| adaptation and fatigue of a mechanosensory neuron in wild-type drosophila and in memory mutants. | the mechanosensory neuron that innervates the anteronotopleural bristle of drosophila melanogaster responds with a burst of action potentials to deflection of the bristle towards the body wall. the decay of the firing rate upon sustained deflection is typical of a slowly adapting mechanosensory neuron. upon repeated monotonous stimulation, the response decreases and the kinetics of adaptation change; the response recovers after rest. this sensory fatigue depends on the duration of the stimuli an ... | 1990 | 2154560 |
| cyclic amp influences protein synthesis in larval brains of drosophila melanogaster. | the protein synthesis in dissected whole larval brains of drosophila melanogaster has been monitored by [35s] methionine incorporation, as revealed by two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis and fluorography. in wild type brains, drugs known to increase camp level increased the labelling of at least two proteins in the mr range 30 to 120 kd and pi range 4.8 to 6.2. one of these proteins, mr = 78 kd and pi = 5.9, was also enhanced in the duncem11 memory-mutant, which has an elevated camp level, where ... | 1989 | 2558474 |
| maternal effects of general and regional specificity on embryos of drosophila melanogaster caused by dunce and rutabaga mutant combinations. | the developmental patterns of embryos produced by female germ line cells homozygous for null-enzyme mutations of dunce and for dunce in combination with each of three different rutabaga mutations are compared with the normal pattern. at least three discrete developmental defects at progressive stages following fertilization can be identified and correlated with the loss of adenylate cyclase activity caused by rutabaga mutations, suggesting that the defects are caused by elevated cyclic amp level ... | 1988 | 28305785 |
| two drosophila learning mutants, dunce and rutabaga, provide evidence of a maternal role for camp on embryogenesis. | the dunce gene of drosophila melanogaster encodes a camp-specific phosphodiesterase (form ii). mutant dunce flies have elevated levels of camp and exhibit a number of defects including learning deficiencies and female sterility. two partial suppressors of the female sterility phenotype have been selected in an x chromosome containing a dunce null mutation. both suppressors are associated with reduced ac2 activity. complementation analyses suggest that both are alleles of the learning mutant ruta ... | 1987 | 3034702 |
| classical conditioning and retention in normal and mutant drosophila melanogaster. | by changing the conditioned discrimination paradigm of quinn et al. (1974) from an instrumental procedure to a classical (pavlovian) one, we have demonstrated strong learning in wildtype flies. about 150 flies were sequestered in a closed chamber and trained by exposing them sequentially to two odors in air currents. flies received twelve electric shock pulses in the presence of the first odor (cs+) but not in the presence of the second odor (cs-). to test for conditioned avoidance responses, fl ... | 1985 | 3939242 |
| multiple defects in the activity of adenylate cyclase from the drosophila memory mutant rutabaga. | adenylate cyclase in homogenates of drosophila melanogaster is heterogeneous with respect to its affinity toward mgatp and its subcellular distribution. km values for mgatp range, under similar assay conditions, from approximately 10(-5) m to approximately 10(-3) m, depending on the body region and on the subcellular localization of the enzyme. the majority of the enzyme in whole-body preparations is particulate, but various body regions differ in the relative proportion of the soluble enzyme. t ... | 1985 | 3925080 |
| three drosophila mutations that block associative learning also affect habituation and sensitization. | drosophila melanogaster has been cultured with shock to avoid various odors. mutants that failed to learn this task have been isolated. here we report tests on these mutants for more elementary types of behavioral plasticity--habituation and sensitization of a reflex. fruit flies have taste receptors on their feet. when a starved, water-satiated fly has sucrose applied to one foot, it usually responds by extending its proboscis. in normal flies this feeding reflex shows habituation: application ... | 1982 | 6808513 |
| leuconostoc rapi sp. nov., isolated from sous-vide-cooked rutabaga. | a gram-stain-positive, ovoid, lactic acid bacterium, strain lmg 27676t, was isolated from a spoiled sous-vide-cooked rutabaga. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis indicated that the novel strain belongs to the genus leuconostoc, with leuconostoc kimchii and leuconostoc miyukkimchii as the nearest neighbours (99.1 and 98.8% 16s rrna gene sequence similarity towards the type strain, respectively). phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene, multilocus sequence analysis of the phes, rpoa and atpa genes ... | 2015 | 25951860 |
| relations of fine-root morphology on (137)cs uptake by fourteen brassica species. | fourteen brassica species consisting of seven leafy vegetables and seven root vegetables were examined for (137)cs uptake differences in relation to their fine-root morphological characters. a pot experiment was conducted from november 2014 to february 2015 in a phytroton using a contaminated soil of fukushima prefecture. leafy vegetables showed bigger root diameters, larger root surface area and larger root volume. consequently, leafy vegetables had higher (137)cs uptake compared to root vegeta ... | 0 | 26355648 |
| harvest for healthy kids pilot study: associations between exposure to a farm-to-preschool intervention and willingness to try and liking of target fruits and vegetables among low-income children in head start. | most us children do not meet recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable intake. | 0 | 26337100 |
| biotransformation of rutabaga phytoalexins by the fungus alternaria brassicicola: unveiling the first hybrid metabolite derived from a phytoalexin and a fungal polyketide. | the biotransformations of the rutabaga phytoalexins rutalexin, brassicanate a, isalexin and rapalexin a by the plant pathogenic fungus alternaria brassicicola are reported. while the biotransformations of rutalexin, brassicanate a, and isalexin are fast, rapalexin a is resistant to fungal transformation. unexpectedly, biotransformation of rutalexin yields a hybrid metabolite named rutapyrone, derived from rutalexin metabolism and phomapyrone g, a fungal metabolite produced by a. brassicicola. th ... | 2017 | 27884513 |
| influence of high latitude light conditions on sensory quality and contents of health and sensory-related compounds in swede roots (brassica napus l. ssp. rapifera metzg.). | vegetable growers in arctic areas must increasingly rely on market strategies based on regional origin and product quality. swede roots (rutabaga) were grown in a phytotron to investigate the effect of high latitude light conditions on sensory quality and some health and sensory-related compounds. experimental treatments included modifications of 24 h natural day length (69° 39' n) by moving plants at daily intervals to dark chambers with either no light, fluorescent growth light and/or low inte ... | 2018 | 28732144 |
| cyclic amp-dependent plasticity underlies rapid changes in odor coding associated with reward learning. | learning and memory rely on dopamine and downstream camp-dependent plasticity across diverse organisms. despite the central role of camp signaling, it is not known how camp-dependent plasticity drives coherent changes in neuronal physiology that encode the memory trace, or engram. in drosophila, the mushroom body (mb) is critically involved in olfactory classical conditioning, and camp signaling molecules are necessary and sufficient for normal memory in intrinsic mb neurons. to evaluate the rol ... | 2018 | 29284750 |
| null epac mutants reveal a sequential order of versatile camp effects during drosophila aversive odor learning. | here, we define a role of the camp intermediate epac in drosophila aversive odor learning by means of null epac mutants. complementation analysis revealed that epac acts downstream from the rutabaga adenylyl cyclase and in parallel to protein kinase a. by means of targeted knockdown and genetic rescue we identified mushroom body kenyon cells (kcs) as a necessary and sufficient site of epac action. we provide mechanistic insights by analyzing acquisition dynamics and using the "performance increm ... | 2017 | 28416632 |
| coincident postsynaptic activity gates presynaptic dopamine release to induce plasticity in drosophila mushroom bodies. | simultaneous stimulation of the antennal lobes (als) and the ascending fibers of the ventral nerve cord (afv), two sensory inputs to the mushroom bodies (mbs), induces long-term enhancement (lte) of subsequent al-evoked mb responses. lte induction requires activation of at least three signaling pathways to the mbs, mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs), nmda receptors (nrs), and d1 dopamine receptors (d1rs). here, we demonstrate that inputs from the al are transmitted to the mbs ... | 2017 | 28117664 |
| seizure suppression by high temperature via camp modulation in drosophila. | bang-sensitive (bs) drosophila mutants display characteristic seizure-like activity (sla) and paralysis after mechanical shock . after high-frequency electrical stimulation (hfs) of the brain, they generate robust seizures at very low threshold voltage. here we report an important phenomenon, which effectively suppresses sla in bs mutants. high temperature causes seizure suppression in all bs mutants (parabss1, eas, sda) examined in this study. this effect is fully reversible and flies show comp ... | 2016 | 27558668 |
| cognitive enhancement in infants associated with increased maternal fruit intake during pregnancy: results from a birth cohort study with validation in an animal model. | in-utero nutrition is an under-studied aspect of cognitive development. fruit has been an important dietary constituent for early hominins and humans. among 808 eligible child-edmonton sub-cohort subjects, 688 (85%) had 1-year cognitive outcome data. we found that each maternal daily serving of fruit (sum of fruit plus 100% fruit juice) consumed during pregnancy was associated with a 2.38 point increase in 1-year cognitive development (95% ci 0.39, 4.37; p<0.05). consistent with this, we found 3 ... | 2016 | 27428442 |
| cyclic nucleotide signaling is required during synaptic refinement at the drosophila neuromuscular junction. | the removal of miswired synapses is a fundamental prerequisite for normal circuit development, leading to clinical problems when aberrant. however, the underlying activity-dependent molecular mechanisms involved in synaptic pruning remain incompletely resolved. here the dynamic properties of intracellular calcium oscillations and a role for camp signaling during synaptic refinement in intact drosophila embryos were examined using optogenetic tools. we provide in vivo evidence at the single gene ... | 2017 | 27281494 |
| learning defects in drosophila growth restricted chico mutants are caused by attenuated adenylyl cyclase activity. | reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (iis) is a major cause of symmetrical intrauterine growth retardation (iugr), an impairment in cell proliferation during prenatal development that results in global growth defects and mental retardation. in drosophila, chico encodes the only insulin receptor substrate. similar to other animal models of iugr, chico mutants have defects in global growth and associative learning. however, the physiological and molecular bases of learning defects ... | 2016 | 27048332 |