| proteins with abortifacient, ribosome inactivating, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-aids activities from cucurbitaceae plants. | 1. the biochemical characteristics and biological activities of eight cucurbitaceae plant proteins designated trichosanthin (isolated from tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii), beta-trichosanthin (isolated from tubers of trichosanthes cucumeroides), alpha- and beta-momorcharins (isolated from seeds of momordica charantia), momorchochin (isolated from tubers of momordica cochinchinensis), luffaculin (isolated from seeds of luffa acutangula) and luffin-a and luffin-b (isolated from seeds of luffa cy ... | 1992 | 1397965 |
| some ribosome-inactivating proteins depurinate ribosomal rna at multiple sites. | saporin-s6, a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) from saponaria officinalis released more than 1 mol of adenine/mol of ribosomes from house fly (musca domestica) larvae and from rat liver. the release of adenine from rat liver ribosomes by several rips (plant enzymes with rna n-glycosidase activity) was examined. saporins, pokeweed antiviral protein from roots of phytolacca americana (pap-r), and trichokirin from trichosanthes kirilowii seeds depurinated rat liver ribosomes at more than one sit ... | 1992 | 1520257 |
| the mechanism of action of trichosanthin on eukaryotic ribosomes--rna n-glycosidase activity of the cytotoxin. | trichosanthin is a ribosome-inactivating protein from root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. in this paper, the mechanism of action of trichosanthin on eukaryotic ribosomes was studied. a fragment of about 450 nucleotides was released from 28s ribosomal rna after treatment of rat liver ribosome with trichosanthin and its isolated ribosomal rnas were treated with aniline. analysis of nucleotide sequence of 5' terminus of this fragment revealed that the aniline-sensitive site of the phospho ... | 1992 | 1561083 |
| trichosanthin-monoclonal antibody conjugate specifically cytotoxic to human hepatoma cells in vitro. | a plant single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein derived from the root tuber of trichosanthes kirilowii, termed trichosanthin (tcs), was modified with 2-iminothiolane. it was not like trichokirin, a ribosome-inactivating protein derived from the seeds of the same plant, in that tcs retained full activity when 1.5 sulfhydryl groups were introduced into each tcs molecule by 2-iminothiolane modification. the 2-iminothiolane-tcs was conjugated to hepama-1, a monoclonal antibody directed against hu ... | 1991 | 1647265 |
| tap 29: an anti-human immunodeficiency virus protein from trichosanthes kirilowii that is nontoxic to intact cells. | an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) protein capable of inhibiting hiv-1 infection and replication has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from trichosanthes kirilowii. this protein, tap 29 (trichosanthes anti-hiv protein, 29 kda), is distinct from trichosanthin [also known as glq 223 (26 kda)] in size, n-terminal amino acid sequence, and cytotoxicity. in addition to three conservative substitutions--namely, arg-29 to lys, ile-37 to val, and pro-42 to ser--a total difference of ... | 1991 | 1713684 |
| trichosanthin induces atresia of ovarian follicles and inhibits steroidogenesis in gonadotropin-primed immature mice. | 1. immature mice were induced to ovulate by injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (pmsg) and human chorionic gonadotropin spaced 48 hr apart. 2. trichosanthin (tcs), a protein purified from tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii (family cucurbitaceae), was administered respectively 24 hr before, on the same day as, 24 hr after and 48 hr after the pmsg injection. 3. the results of tcs injections at different times were generally similar. the number of maturing follicles, corpora lutea and ovu ... | 1991 | 1761189 |
| toxicity and activity of purified trichosanthin. | trichosanthin was purified from fresh chinese root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii and evaluated for anti-hiv activity. trichosanthin inhibited syncytium formation between infected h9 cells and uninfected sup-t1 cells from 0.5 to 4 micrograms/ml. trichosanthin also inhibited hiv replication in h9 and cem-ss cells at 1 microgram/ml, but was toxic for mt-4 cells (htlv-i-positive), at doses greater than 0.25 microgram/ml. this new purification procedure confirms the anti-hiv activity of trichosan ... | 1991 | 1892592 |
| the complete amino acid sequence of an abortifacient protein, karasurin. | the complete amino acid sequence of a new abortifacient protein, karasurin, was determined. karasurin, which was isolated from fresh root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz var, japonicum kitamura (cucurbitaceae), was a highly basic protein with pi 10.1 and molecular weight of 28,000. intact karasurin was cleaved with cyanogen bromide, lysyl endopeptidase, formic acid and 2-(2'-nitrophenyl-sulfenyl)-3-methyl-3-bromoindolenine (bnps-skatole), respectively. cleavages with n-bromosuccinim ... | 1991 | 1914000 |
| cloning of trichosanthin cdna and its expression in escherichia coli. | several cdna clones coding for trichosanthin (tcs) have been isolated from a cdna library prepared from the poly(a)+rna of the root tuber of trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz. the nucleotide sequence codes for a protein of 289 amino acids (aa) including a putative signal peptide of 23 aa and an extra 19 aa at the c terminus; the latter two have not been found in tcs obtained from the natural product [collins et al., j. biol. chem. 265 (1990) 8665-8669]. recombinant tcs (retcs) was synthesized i ... | 1991 | 1999291 |
| anti-ulcer effects of trichosanthes fruits. | anti-ulcer activities of fruits of trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz var. japonica kitamura (50% ethanolic extract, tke) were investigated in rats. tke, at doses of 100-1000 mg/kg, showed potent protection against experimental gastric lesions, namely, those induced by water-immersion, histamine, serotonin, hcl.ethanol, 0.6 n hcl, 0.2 n naoh, 35% nacl, and shay' ulcer and acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. at doses of 500-1000 mg/kg, tke decreased the gastric secretion and acid output in pylorus ... | 1990 | 2393955 |
| purification and partial characterization of a lectin from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz. | a lectin was purified from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii, belonging to the family cucurbitaceae, growing in china. the lectin is a glycoprotein of 57 kda, consists of two subunits with apparent molecular masses of 37 and 25 kda, is specific for galactose, and is not mitogenic for human lymphocytes. | 1989 | 2707434 |
| effects of ginsenosides, lectins and momordica charantia insulin-like peptide on corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenal cells. | ginsenosides rb1, rb2, rc and rg1 inhibited steroidogenesis induced by a maximally active dose of corticotropin in isolated rat adrenal cells. the galactose-binding lectins from momordica charantia seeds and trichosanthes kirilowii tubers and mannose-binding concanavalin a did not affect basal corticosterone production. the lectins potentiated steroidogenesis induced by a submaximal dose of corticotropin but were without effect on steroidogenesis induced by a maximally active dose of corticotrop ... | 1987 | 2826928 |
| effect of trichosanthes kirilowii lectin on lipolysis and lipogenesis in isolated rat and hamster adipocytes. | the galactose-binding lectin from the chinese herb trichosanthes kirilowii (tianhuafen) stimulated the incorporation of d-[3-3h]glucose into lipids in isolated rat epididymal adipocytes. the lectin, however, did not inhibit lipolysis induced by either epinephrine or corticotropin in these adipocytes. similarly, it did not suppress corticotropin-induced lipolysis in isolated hamster adipocytes. at a dose that did not stimulate lipolysis on its own, the lectin slightly potentiated the lipolytic ef ... | 1985 | 3003462 |
| chemical and biological characterization of the galactose binding lectins from trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers. | three galactose binding isolectins have been isolated from trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers. two of the isolectins, tk-i and tk-ii, are similar in many aspects including molecular weight, amino acid composition, nh2-terminal amino acid residue, blood group and carbohydrate specificities, immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic behavior, hemagglutinating and insulinomimetic activities, and in possessing subunits with different molecular weights. compared to tk-i and tk-ii, lectin tk-iii has ... | 1986 | 3084399 |
| selective killing of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro by trichosanthin, a plant protein purified from root tubers of the chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii. | trichosanthin is an abortifacient plant protein purified from the chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen, obtained from root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii (cucurbitaceae). recently, trichosanthin has also been used in the treatment of trophoblastic tumours, including hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. we have examined the effects of trichosanthin on cultured cells and observed selective cytotoxic effects on choriocarcinoma cells. mouse melanoma cells were also sensitive to it ... | 1986 | 3775798 |
| screening of trichosanthes kirilowii, momordica charantia and cucurbita maxima (family cucurbitaceae) for compounds with antilipolytic activity. | saline extracts of trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers and momordica charantia seeds were subjected to differential acetone fractionation. the fraction that precipitated after addition of 0.8 vol. acetone was designated api, the fraction that precipitated after addition of another 1.2 vol. acetone was designated apii, and the fraction that precipitated after addition of another volume acetone was designated apiii. api, apii and apiii are fractions enriched with lectins, abortifacient proteins an ... | 1985 | 4058034 |
| [seed germination and asexual propagation with stem cuttings of trichosanthes kirilowii]. | | 1984 | 6235954 |
| cytotoxic activity of bryonolic acid isolated from transformed hairy roots of trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica. | bryonolic acid was isolated in high yield from transformed hairy root cultures of trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica. bryonolic acid exhibited cytotoxic activity to various tumor cells in vitro, independent of cell type. normal cells such as rat hepatocytes are less sensitive to bryonolic acid. the appearance of a dna ladder was detected in the bryonolic acid-treated hl-60rg cells, indicating that cell death triggered by bryonolic acid is due to apoptosis. | 1995 | 7492990 |
| inhibitory effects of oriental herbal medicines on il-8 induction in lipopolysaccharide-activated rat macrophages. | cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (cinc), a rat interleukin-8 (il-8), was quantitated by using a sensitive elisa. the cinc was induced up to 20 ng/ml from basal 1-2 ng/ml in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-activated peritoneal macrophages. this cinc induction was significantly inhibited by steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including dexamethasone, but not by non-steroidal drugs including indomethacin at all. nine out of 59 herbal medicines which are frequently used in korean traditional presc ... | 1995 | 7700986 |
| in vitro immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity of trichosanthin against human normal immunocytes and leukemia-lymphoma cells. | trichosanthin (tcs) is a ribosome-inactivating protein from root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. in this paper, the effects of tcs on the viability of human peripheral blood immunocytes, on the proliferation of lymphocytes, and its cytotoxicity to twelve cell lines of lymphoma or leukemia had been observed. tcs at high concentration (> 12.5 micrograms/ml) affected the viability of human b lymphocytes, but not that of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), t lymphocytes and gr ... | 1995 | 7759776 |
| biosynthesis of defense-related proteins in transformed root cultures of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. var japonicum (kitam.). | we have established transformed ("hairy") root cultures from trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. var japonicum kitam. (cucurbitaceae) and four related species to study the biosynthesis of the ribosome-inactivating protein trichosanthin (tcn) and other root-specific defense-related plant proteins. stable, fast-growing root clones were obtained for each species by infecting in vitro grown plantlets with agrobacterium rhizogenes american type culture collection strain 15834. each species accumulated rep ... | 1994 | 7824645 |
| membrane glycoconjugates expressed on sheep airway epithelium. | in mammalian lung, selective airway inflammatory reactions have been associated with viral infections, transplant rejection, and autoimmune diseases. although the molecular basis for this selective reactivity is unknown, the importance of carbohydrates in immunologic processes suggests a potential role for membrane glycoconjugates in tissue-specific inflammatory reactions. in the present work we examined a panel of 39 lectins for their pattern of reactivity in the peripheral airways of the sheep ... | 1994 | 7930516 |
| development and application of an enzyme immunoassay for karasurin a, an effective protein component of trichosanthes kirilowii max. var. japonicum kitam. | a method was developed for specific estimation of the content of a non-enzymatic protein, karasurin a, in fractions taken during the extraction and purification processes from a natural source. anti-karokon serum was elicited in rabbits immunized with fragments of karokon, a dried root tuber of trichosanthes kirilowii max. var. japonicum kitam. rabbit antibody specific for karasurin a was identified in anti-karokon serum by the western blotting method. after separation by sds-page, protein bands ... | 1994 | 8004707 |
| bryonolic acid production in hairy roots of trichosanthes kirilowii max. var japonica kitam. transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes and its cytotoxic activity. | the hairy roots of trichosanthes kirilowii max, var. japonica kitam. were induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes (tcc 15834) on sterile shoots. the axenic culture of hairy roots proliferated 30 to 60-fold based on the initial fresh weight after three weeks of culture in murashige & skoog liquid media. bryonolic acid as the main triterpenoid was isolated in a high yield, together with chondrillasterol from the hairy roots of this plant. bryonolic acid showed strong inhibition of the growth of b-16 m ... | 1994 | 8004724 |
| inhibitory effect of karounidiol on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion. | karounidiol [d:c-friedo-oleana-7,9(11)-diene-3 alpha,29-diol] and 7-oxodihydrokarounidiol [7-oxo-d:c-friedo-olean-8-ene-3 alpha,29-diol], isolated from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii, were examined for the effect on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa, 1 microgram/ear)-induced inflammation, following application of this tumor-promoting agent, to the ears of mice. both compounds inhibited the inflammatory activity induced by tpa and the 50% inhibitory dose for tpa-induced inflammation ... | 1994 | 8019519 |
| minireview: trichosanthin--a protein with multiple pharmacological properties. | trichosanthin (tcs), a protein isolated from the root tuber of the chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii maxim., is used to induce abortion in china. it also possesses immunomodulatory, anti-tumor and anti-human immunodeficiency virus properties. tcs is a member of the family of ribosome-inactivating proteins and inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes via its n-glycosidase activity. the gene encoding tcs has been cloned and over-expressed and the crystal structure of this protein resolved to ... | 1994 | 8028444 |
| developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of trichosanthin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, in mice. | the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of trichosanthin (tcs), a protein isolated from tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii (family cucurbitaceae), were studied both in vivo and in vitro. the protein was administered i.p. to icr mice on day 8.0 of pregnancy, and the animals were sacrificed 1 day before parturition. the fetuses were fixed and subsequently sectioned. at the highest tcs dose employed (7.5 mg/kg body weight), the viability of fetuses declined to 70.2%, compared with 96.5% in the salin ... | 1993 | 8102209 |
| trichosanthin, an initiator of the alternative complement activation pathway. | trichosanthin (tcs), a protein purified from the plant trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, activates normal human serum complement via the alternative pathway, as shown by tcs-induced c3 conversion in normal serum and its prevention by depletion of factor b, but not with the addition of egta. injection of tcs to balb/c mice consumed the complement alternative pathway (apc) activity in serum, implying in vivo activation of the alternative pathway by tcs. elevation of peripheral blood leucocyte count a ... | 1993 | 8348752 |
| rapid, high-level expression of biologically active alpha-trichosanthin in transfected plants by an rna viral vector. | alpha-trichosanthin, a eukaryotic ribosome-inactivating protein from trichosanthes kirilowii, inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in vitro. the alpha-trichosanthin gene was placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter in a plant rna viral vector. two weeks after inoculation, transfected nicotiana benthamiana plants accumulated alpha-trichosanthin to levels of at least 2% of total soluble protein. the recombinant alpha-trichosanthin ... | 1993 | 8421670 |
| a new method for the detection and quantitative measurement of the contents of trichosanthes root component composing chinese traditional medicines. | a new method was developed to estimate the content of trichosanthes root (tr) component in two chinese traditional medicines. characteristic antigens of tr were separated from tr extract using rabbit antiserum specific for tr, a dried root tuber of trichosanthes kirilowii. two selected antibody enzyme immunoassay (saeia) methods, the saeia a for assay of tr extract and the saeia b for assay of karasurin a were used as detection methods for the separation of tr antigens. using several column chro ... | 1996 | 8799473 |
| antiinflammatory effect of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, and its effective parts. | this study was carried out to elucidate the antiinflammatory effect of 50% ethanol extract obtained from the fruit of trichosanthes kirilowii maxm, and its effective parts. the cut dried fruit was separated into the whole fruit, seeds and remaining parts, and each part was extracted with 50% ethanol. the antiinflammatory activity of these extracts was investigated on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice, carrageenin-induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats ... | 1996 | 8874813 |
| alpha-kirilowin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein from seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii (family cucurbitaceae): a comparison with beta-kirilowin and other related proteins. | a novel ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) designated alpha-kirilowin was isolated from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii. the molecular weight of alpha-kirilowin was estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 28 800 da, which is slightly larger than another previously characterized ribosome-inactivating protein, beta-kirilowin. the amino-acid composition of alpha-kirilowin grossly resembled beta-kirilowin and other ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from t. kirilowii tis ... | 1996 | 8907506 |
| amino acid sequences and ribosome-inactivating activities of karasurin-b and karasurin-c. | complete amino acid sequences of karasurin-b and karasurin-c purified from root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim.var.japonica kitamura (cucurbitaceae) were determined. karasurin-b consist of 247 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 27,214 da and karasurin-c of 249 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 27,401 da. their amino acid sequences are quite similar to that of karasurin-a, a major basic protein from the same root tubers, but the pi values ar ... | 1996 | 8951169 |
| cloning and bacterial expression of a gene encoding ribosome-inactivating proteins, karasurin-a and karasurin-c, from trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica. | a genomic dna clone of karasurin was isolated using the polymerase chain reaction from trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica (cucurbitaceae). the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence was consistent with previously reported sequences of karasurin-a and karasurin-c except for a putative signal peptide and extra amino acids at the c-terminus, neither of which is present in the natural protein. recombinant karasurin was synthesized in escherichia coli, in which the cloned karasur ... | 1997 | 9212998 |
| kinetics of growth and ribosome-inactivating protein production from trichosanthes kirilowii plant cell cultures in a 5-l bioreactor. | ribosome-inactivating proteins, named for their ability to inhibit protein translation in cell-free systems, are an important class of natural plant defense proteins with potential human therapeutic and agricultural applications. the kinetics of growth, nutrient consumption, and extracellular protein translation inhibitory activity are presented for trichosanthes kirilowii plant cell suspensions in 5-l bioreactors at two agitation rates (50 and 100 rpm). the cultures had a 7-9.5 day lag phase fo ... | 1997 | 9413138 |
| effect of trichosanthin an anti-leukemia protein on normal mouse spleen cells. | trichosanthin, from trichosanthes kirilowii is a member of the cucurbitaceae family. it has been reported to have anti-cancer activity. the effects of trichosanthin peptides (15 amino acids in length) on cona stimulated incorporation of 3[h] thymidine into cultured, primary mouse spleen cells and l1210 cells were determined. both spleen cells and l1210 cells were plated at 7.5 x 10(5) cells/ml in a microtiter plate. different concentrations of the peptide (0.5, 5, 25, and 50 micrograms/ml) and c ... | 1998 | 9568103 |
| distribution of lectin binding sites in xenopus laevis egg jelly. | eggs from the anuran xenopus laevis are surrounded by a thick jelly coat that is required during fertilization. the jelly coat contains three morphologically distinct layers, designated j1, j2, and j3. we examined the lectin binding properties of the individual jelly coat layers as a step in identifying jelly glycoproteins that may be essential in fertilization. the reactivity of 31 lectins with isolated jelly coat layers was examined with enzyme-linked lectin-assays (ellas). using ella we found ... | 1999 | 10357901 |
| anti-hiv agent trichosanthin enhances the capabilities of chemokines to stimulate chemotaxis and g protein activation, and this is mediated through interaction of trichosanthin and chemokine receptors. | trichosanthin (tcs), an active protein component isolated from a traditional chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii, has been shown to inhibit hiv infection and has been applied in clinical treatment of aids. the recent development that chemokines and chemokine receptors play important roles in hiv infection led us to investigate the possible functional interaction of tcs with chemokines and their receptors. this study demonstrated that tcs greatly enhanced both rantes (regulated upon ac ... | 1999 | 10429674 |
| modulation of programmed cell death by medicinal plants. | programmed cell death (apoptosis), a form of cell death, described by kerr and wyllie some 20 years ago, has generated considerable interest in recent years. the mechanisms by which this mode of cell death (seen both in animal and plant cells), takes place have been examined in detail. extracellular signals and intracellular events have been elaborated. of interest to the clinician, is the concentrated effort to study pharmacological modulation of programmed cell death. the attempt to influence ... | 2000 | 10726985 |
| carbohydrate specificity of an agglutinin isolated from the root of trichosanthes kirilowii. | the root of trichosanthes kirilowii, which has been used as chinese folk medicine for more than two thousand years, contains a gal specific lectin (tka). in order to elucidate its binding roles, the carbohydrate specificities of tka were studied by enzyme linked lectinosorbent assay (ellsa) and by inhibition of lectin-glycoform binding. among glycoproteins (gp) tested, tka reacted strongly with complex carbohydrates with galbeta1-->4glcnac clusters as internal or core structures (human blood gro ... | 2000 | 10883735 |
| [modulation of t-cell-mediated immune responses by trichosanthin via antigen processing and presentation]. | it has been shown in our previous study that the lymphoproliferation to allo- or soluble antigens could be inhibited when t cells were cocultured with antigen presenting cells (apcs) pulsed with trichosanthin (tk), a plant protein purified from a chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii maximovich. in this paper, data are presented dealing with the mechanism by which the tk functioned as a down modulator. apcs of human peripheral blood were first treated with one of inhibitors of antigen p ... | 1997 | 11039025 |
| anti-hiv-1 activity of trichobitacin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein. | to determine whether trichobitacin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein purified from the root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii, possesses the anti-hiv activity. | 2000 | 11263268 |
| anti-tumor promoting effects of multiflorane-type triterpenoids and cytotoxic activity of karounidiol against human cancer cell lines. | forty-nine multiflorane-type triterpenoids consisting of 11 compounds isolated from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii (cucurbitaceae) and 38 of their derivatives have been evaluated for their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus early antigen (ebv-ea) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in raji cells as a primary screening test for anti-tumor promoters. all of the compounds tested showed an inhibitory effect against ebv-ea activation, and among wh ... | 2001 | 11578803 |
| expression of recombinant trichosanthin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, in transgenic tobacco. | trichosanthin (tcs) is an antiviral plant defense protein, classified as a type-i ribosome-inactivating protein, found in the root tuber and leaves of the medicinal plant trichosanthes kirilowii. it is processed from a larger precursor protein, containing a 23 amino acid amino (n)-terminal sequence (pre sequence) and a 19 amino acid carboxy (c)-terminal extension (pro sequence). various constructs of the tcs gene were expressed in transgenic tobacco plants to determine the effects of the amino- ... | 2002 | 12052684 |
| effects of ski 306x, a new herbal agent, on proteoglycan degradation in cartilage explant culture and collagenase-induced rabbit osteoarthritis model. | protective effects of ski 306x, a natural herbal product extracted from three herbs clematis mandshurica, trichosanthes kirilowii, and prunella vulgaris, on articular cartilage was examined and compared with other osteoarthritis (oa) drugs using in vitro and in vivo models. | 2002 | 12056850 |
| purification and partial characterization of s-trichokirin, a new small ribosome-inactivating protein, from seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii. | a new small ribosome-inactivating protein named s-trichokirin from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii was purified by ammonia sulfate precipitation, cm-52 ion exchange chromatography, sephacryl s-100 gel filtration and fplc mono s ion exchange chromatography. s-trichokirin has molecular weight about 8 kd, as determined by 15% sds-page and 15% tris-tricine page. it was proved to be a strong basic protein with pi about ph 9.5 by 13.5% acidic page. the reaction mechanism of s-trichokirin is the s ... | 2000 | 12058198 |
| identification of the amino acid residues in trichosanthin crucial for ige response. | trichosanthin (tcs) is the major effective component from chinese herb trichosanthes kirilowii. tcs has been approved to be effective in clinical treatment of hiv infection and leukemia, but its allergenicity has limited its clinical usage. to identify amino acid residues in tcs with an important role in ige induction, tcs-specific ige mab (te1) was used to serve as a probe and te1 epitope was determined by a random phage-peptide library. based on phage peptide sequences, te1 epitope was predict ... | 2002 | 12270124 |
| delta 12-oleate desaturase-related enzymes associated with formation of conjugated trans-delta 11, cis-delta 13 double bonds. | conjugated linolenic acids are present as major seed oils in several plant species. punicic acid (or trichosanic acid) is a conjugated linolenic acid isomer containing cis-delta9, trans-delta11, cis-delta13 double bonds in the c(18) carbon chain. here we report cdnas, tkfac and pgfac, isolated from trichosanthes kirilowii and punica granatum, that encode a class of conjugases associated with the formation of trans-delta11, cis-delta13 double bonds. expression of tkfac and pgfac in arabidopsis se ... | 2003 | 12464604 |
| [genetic transformation of hairy roots in trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. by ti and ri plasmids]. | to establish a hairy root culture system by double transformation for trichosanthes kirilowii. | 2001 | 12525033 |
| [activation of g protein on the membrane of tcs-sensitive cells]. | trichosanthin (tcs), a type i ribosome inactivating protein isolated from the root tuber of trichosanthes kirilowii m. has various biological activities including abortion induction, anti-tumor and anti-hiv. the mechanism of tcs specifically killing sensitive cells has not been studied clearly. in this study, we initially found that there exists tcs-affinity molecule on syncytiotrophoblast cells and jar cells. furthermore, by [35s]gtp gamma s binding assay, we find that tcs can activate g protei ... | 1999 | 12548780 |
| [purification and characterization of trichokirin-s1, a novel ribosome-inactivating peptide from seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii]. | a novel peptide from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii, trichokirin-s1, was purified by extraction of protein body, ammonia sulfate precipitation, blue-gel affinity chromatography, fplc mono s ion exchange chromatography and superose12 gel filtration chromatography. its molecular weight was determined to be 11,426 by maldi-tof ms analysis. its reaction mechanism to inactive ribosome was the same as that of the ribosome-inactivating protein trichosanthin, a rrna n-glycosidase. the purified tri ... | 2003 | 12958658 |
| angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of chinese medicinal herbal extracts. | the aqueous extracts of 24 herbs traditionally used as curing ischemic heart disease in clinic in china were screened for their in vitro angiogenic activity, another twenty-four traditionally used as anti-tumor or anti-inflammatory remedies in china were screened for their in vitro anti-angiogenic activity. the activity of angiogenesis was determined by quantitation of vessels on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (cam) model and cell proliferation of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells ... | 2004 | 15010258 |
| [research on active constituents research of gualou xiebai baijiutang (iii). the active flavanoids]. | to observe the substance basis of actions of gualou xiebai baijiutang. | 2003 | 15139125 |
| trichomislin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein, induces apoptosis that involves mitochondria and caspase-3. | trichomislin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein, was cloned from the genome of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. the gene was recombined to prokaryotic expression vector and the protein was purified by cation-exchange chromatography. the secondary structure of trichomislin was measured by circular-dichroism analysis and the ratios of alpha-helices and beta-sheets were calculated. trichomislin could inhibit the synthesis of protein in rabbit reticulocyte lysate systems and its reaction mechanism ... | 2005 | 15639225 |
| effect of n- and c-terminal deletions on the rna n-glycosidase activity and the antigenicity of karasurin-a, a ribosome-inactivating protein from trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica. | karasurin-a, from root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica, is a type i ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) that displays activity of rna n-glycosidase to remove an adenine in the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of the largest rna in the ribosome. we expressed recombinant proteins of karasurin-a and its various mutants with n- or c-terminal deletions in escherichia coli as fusion proteins with maltose-binding protein (mbp), and compared their enzymatic activities and antigenicities. mute ... | 2004 | 15672231 |
| recent advances in trichosanthin, a ribosome-inactivating protein with multiple pharmacological properties. | trichosanthin (tcs), a ribosome-inactivating protein extracted from the root tuber of chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz, has multiple pharmacological properties including abortifacient, anti-tumor and anti-hiv. it is traditionally used to induce abortion but its antigenicity and short plasma half-life have limited the repeated clinical administration. in this review, work to locating antigenic sites and prolonging plasma half-life are discussed. studies on structure-funct ... | 2005 | 15804517 |
| clematis mandshurica protected to apoptosis of rat chondrocytes. | to investigate the effect of ski 306x, a purified extract from the mixture of three herbs, i.e. clematis mandshurica, trichosanthes kirilowii and prunella vulgaris, on apoptosis in chondrocytes. | 2005 | 15967610 |
| [studies on micromorphological characters of fruit coats in cultivated fructus trichosanthis in shandong province]. | to explore the affinity relation among land race of trichosanthes kirilowii and to provide evidence tor the classification and authentication. | 2005 | 16422535 |
| galactosylceramide domain microstructure: impact of cholesterol and nucleation/growth conditions. | galactosylceramide (galcer), a glycosphingolipid, is believed to exist in the extracellular leaflet of cell membranes in nanometer-sized domains or rafts. the local clustering of galcer within rafts is thought to facilitate the initial adhesion of certain viruses, including hiv-1, and bacteria to cells through multivalent interactions between receptor proteins (gp120 for hiv-1) and galcer. here we use atomic force microscopy (afm) to study the effects of cholesterol on solid-phase galcer domain ... | 2006 | 16565044 |
| biosynthesis and bioactivity of trichosanthin in cultured crown gall tissues of trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz. | trichosanthin (tcs) from trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz (t. kirilowii) can be used to treat choriocarcinoma. in this work, we established a novel system to produce tcs in crown gall tissues of t. kirilowii infected by agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 (a. tumefaciens). in the crown gall tissues, a nopaline synthase (nos) gene of a. tumefaciens was identified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and nopaline accumulation was confirmed by a high-voltage filter paper electrophoresis. furthermore, we ... | 2006 | 16758196 |
| [protective effects of trichosanthin in herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in mice]. | trichosanthin (tcs), a ribosome-inactivating protein extracted from the root tuber of chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz, has various pharmacological properties including abortifacient, anti-tumor and anti-virus. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of tcs on infectious brain injury induced by herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) in mice. | 2006 | 16787600 |
| trichosanthin induced th2 polarization status. | trichosanthin is extracted from the root tuber of chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz (tian hua fen). tcs has abortifacient, anti-tumor, anti-hiv and immunoregulatory functions. it has been proved that it could inhibit immune response and arouse a t helper 2 response in the draining lymph node. in the current study the effect of tcs on mouse splenocytes was investigated. we stimulated c57bl/6 mice with tcs both in vivo and in vitro and analyzed the change of type 1 and type ... | 2006 | 16978539 |
| bacterial expression of a trichosanthes kirilowii defensin (tdef1) and its antifungal activity on fusarium oxysporum. | the gene encoding trichosanthes kirilowii defensin (tdef1) was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the newly discovered tdef1 cdna contains 231 bp (genbank accession number dq526373) and encodes a 76-amino acid protein, which consists of a 29-amino acid signal peptide and a 47-amino acid mature peptide. the partial cdna, corresponding to the mature peptide coding region of tdef1, was inserted into bacterial expression vector pet32a(+). subsequent expression showed ... | 2007 | 17024471 |
| up-regulation of il-10 expression in dendritic cells is involved in trichosanthin-induced immunosuppression. | we report here that trichosanthin (tk), a primary active component isolated from a chinese traditional medicinal herb, trichosanthes kirilowii, potently inhibits lymphocyte proliferative response in vitro. we found that tk treatment increased production of the interleukins il-4 and il-10, while production of il-2 and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) decreased in the allogeneic antigen-induced immune response. moreover, up-regulation of il-10 and il-4 contributed to the inhibitory activities of tk. t ... | 2007 | 17467810 |
| tychi, a novel chitinase with rna n-glycosidase and anti-tumor activities. | chitinases which catalyze hydrolysis of chitin are believed to be antifungal proteins in plant. nevertheless, a variety of functions and some new enzymatic activities of chitinases have been found in recent years. we cloned a novel protein from trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz (family cucurbitaceae) named tychi. expression of tychi gene in t. kirilowii plants was induced by f. oxysporum, an important cucurbitaceous fungal pathogen, which indicated that tychi involved in the pathogen-induced pl ... | 2008 | 17981782 |
| hanultarin, a cytotoxic lignan as an inhibitor of actin cytoskeleton polymerization from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii. | bioactivity-directed fractionation of extracts from the seeds of trichosanthes kirilowii led to the isolation of (-)-1-o-feruloylsecoisolariciresinol (2), named hanultarin, in addition, four known lignans were also isolated, including (-)-secoisolariciresinol (1), 1,4-o-diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol (3), (-)-pinoresinol (4), and 4-ketopinoresinol (5). their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. compounds 2 and 3 exhibited strong cytotoxic effects against human lung carc ... | 2008 | 18603435 |
| screening of korean medicinal plants for possible osteoclastogenesis effects in vitro. | bone undergoes continuous remodeling through bone formation and resorption, and maintaining the balance for skeletal rigidity. bone resorption and loss are generally attributed to osteoclasts. differentiation of osteoclasts is regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor nf-kb ligand (rankl), a member of tumor necrosis factor family. when the balance is disturbed, pathological bone abnormality ensues. through the screening of traditional korean medicinal plants, the effective molecules for ... | 2008 | 18850234 |
| trichosanthin, an extract of trichosanthes kirilowii, effectively prevents acute rejection of major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mouse skin allograft. | trichosanthin is an active component extracted from the root tuber of the chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii. trichosanthin has abortifacient, anti-tumor, anti-hiv, and immunoregulatory functions. in the current study, we explored its potential effect on allograft rejection in a murine skin transplantation model across a fully mismatched major histocompatibility complex. it was found that treatment of recipient mice with trichosanthin (0.25 or 1 mg/kg, ip) significantly delayed allog ... | 2008 | 19100472 |
| cucurbitacin d isolated from trichosanthes kirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. | the aim of the present study is to examine the effects of the anti-tumor component isolated from trichosanthes kirilowii on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. using sephadex g-25 column chromatography, sep-pak plus c18 cartridge and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), we isolated the active component from trichosanthes extract. by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis, the molecular mass of the active fraction was determined, the active components identified, and their ... | 2009 | 19185617 |
| punicic acid from trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil is rapidly metabolized to conjugated linoleic acid in rats. | the incorporation and metabolism of orally administered punicic acid (pa), one isomer of conjugated linolenic acid (clna), in rat tissues and plasma were studied over a 24-hour period. the punic acid was derived from trichosanthes kirilowii maxim seed oil, a unique pa-containing material, and identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the results show that pa was incorporated and metabolized to 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (cla) ... | 2009 | 19459746 |
| incorporation and metabolism of punicic acid in healthy young humans. | the objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation and metabolism of punicic acid (pa, cis9,trans11,cis13-18:3) in healthy young humans. the study was a randomized controlled trial. after 7 days adaptation with sunflower seed kernels supplementation, 30 subjects were then divided into the control and test group (n = 15). the test group was supplemented with trichosanthes kirilowii (tk) seed kernels containing 3 g of pa per day in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. the contro ... | 2009 | 19753607 |
| the mechanisms of action of tianhua(™) on antitumor activity in lung cancer cells. | tianhua (th-r) is extracted from trichosanthes kirilowii maxim (cucurbitaceae) containing trichosanthin, a traditional chinese medicine, which has been locally reported to have good anticancer effects in vivo in both animal and human models. however, there have been several reports that trichosanthin has an anticancer effect involving apoptosis. | 2010 | 20738166 |
| [construction and expression of trichosanthin mutant gene tcs(rl28-29cg); and purification of expressed product.] | aim: to construct and express a trichosanthin(tcs)gene mutant and purify the expressed product. methods: predict the potential antigenic determinant on tcs molecule by computer modeling and induce site-directed mutation. amplify gene mutant tcs(rl28-29cg); by pcr using the genomic dna of trichosanthes kirilowii as a template and insert into expression vector prset-a, then transform to e.coli bl21(de3)for expression under induction of iptg. purify the expressed product by ni-nta afinity column ch ... | 2011 | 21481314 |
| identification of novel pregnane x receptor activators from traditional chinese medicines. | to investigate the ability of traditional chinese medicines (tcms) and their bioactive compounds to activate pregnane x receptor (pxr) signalling pathway. | 2011 | 21524698 |
| [effect of triangle drugs as ginseng, trichosanthes kirilowii maxim and rhubarb on the level of blood lipids and related pro-inflammatory cytokines during the process of treating artheroeclerosis]. | to study the effect of triangle drugs as ginseng, trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, and rhubarb on the levels of blood lipids as [total cholesterol (tc), triglyeride (tg), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vcam-1), and high sensitive c reactive protein (hs-crp) during the process of treating artherosclerosis. | 2011 | 21812271 |
| trichosanthin, a chinese medicine for the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with high levels of β-hcg. | this was a retrospective study of the effectiveness of trichosanthin (tcs), an active component isolated from the chinese herb root tuber of trichosanthes kirilowii on 140 cases of ectopic pregnancy with higher levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hcg) managed with a single dose of tcs treatment. trichosanthin has been used for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy in china since the 1980s. this study was performed in a major teaching hospitals in china. the mean pretreatment level of β- ... | 2012 | 22267541 |
| [studies on the constituents of trichosanthes root. i. constituents of roots of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. var. japonicum kitam]. | from the fresh roots of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. var. japonicum kitam., the following substances were identified: methyl palmitate, palmitic acid, suberic acid, alpha-spinasterol, stigmast-7-en-3 beta-ol, alpha-spinasterol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, stigmast-7-en-3 beta-ol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, bryonolic acid, cucurbitacin b, cucurbitacin d, vomifoliol, ethyl alpha-l-arabinofranoside and d-glucose. the bitter taste of trichosanthes root was considered to be due to cucurbitacin b and ... | 2009 | 2760811 |
| purification and characterization of trichosanthin. homology to the ricin a chain and implications as to mechanism of abortifacient activity. | trichosanthin, a protein from the chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii, was purified in two essentially quantitative steps involving cm-sephadex chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. the protein was found to have a molecular mass of 25-26 kda, to contain no cysteine, and to contain no glycosidic linkages. pure trichosanthin was found to have potent abortifacient activity in pregnant mice. in order to understand the molecular basis of this unique biolo ... | 2013 | 3624228 |
| isolation and characterization of a rhizobacterial antagonist of root-knot nematodes. | the rhizobacterial strain jdm2 was isolated from the rhizosphere of the traditional chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii in jiangsu province, china, and was identified as bacillus subtilis. exposure of cell-free filtrate of the strain to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita under in vitro conditions caused substantial mortality of the second stage juvenile (j2) and significantly reduced egg hatchability. a greenhouse trial demonstrated that 56 days after treatment with jdm2, th ... | 2014 | 24465828 |
| [construction, expression and purification of trichosanthin mutant gene tcs(fyy163-165csa);]. | to construct and express a trichosanthin (tcs) gene mutant and purify the expressed product in e.coli. | 2012 | 22691348 |
| bdp-30, a systemic resistance inducer from boerhaavia diffusa l., suppresses tmv infection, and displays homology with ribosome-inactivating proteins. | root extract of boerhaavia diffusa l. induced systemic resistance in tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus. a 30 kda protein was isolated as the active component, called bdp-30 on the basis of the molecular weight and source plant. bdp-30, a glycoprotein, was found to be temperature and protease resistant. it was basic, possessing a pi greater than 9.0. in-gel proteolytic digestion of bdp-30 generated two peptides that possessed the amino acid sequence klydipplr and kvtlpysgnyer by lc/ms/ms. both ... | 2015 | 25740147 |
| sh003 induces apoptosis of du145 prostate cancer cells by inhibiting erk-involved pathway. | herbal medicines have been used in cancer treatment, with many exhibiting favorable side effect and toxicity profiles compared with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. sh003 is a novel extract from astragalus membranaceus, angelica gigas, and trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz combined at a 1:1:1 ratio that impairs the growth of breast cancer cells. this study investigates anti-cancer effects of sh003 in prostate cancer cells. | 2016 | 27927199 |
| sh003 suppresses breast cancer growth by accumulating p62 in autolysosomes. | drug markets revisits herbal medicines, as historical usages address their therapeutic efficacies with less adverse effects. moreover, herbal medicines save both cost and time in development. sh003, a modified version of traditional herbal medicine extracted from astragalus membranaceus (am), angelica gigas (ag), and trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz (tk) with 1:1:1 ratio (w/w) has been revealed to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis on highly metastatic breast cancer cells, both in vivo and in ... | 2016 | 27556358 |
| sh003 represses tumor angiogenesis by blocking vegf binding to vegfr2. | tumor angiogenesis is a key feature of cancer progression, because a tumor requires abundant oxygen and nutrition to grow. here, we demonstrate that sh003, a mixed herbal extract containing astragalus membranaceus (am), angelica gigas (ag) and trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz (tk), represses vegf-induced tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. sh003 inhibited vegf-induced migration, invasion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) with no effect on the prolif ... | 2016 | 27105528 |
| korean medicine therapy as a substitute for chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a case report. | a 46-year-old korean woman was diagnosed with stage iii breast cancer and underwent 8 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, breast conservation surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. however, the cancer recurred in the right upper lung (rul) and the right pulmonary hilum after 8 months. the rul nodule was removed through a wedge resection, and the pathologic finding was revealed as a metastatic adenocarcinoma. adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended, but she refused it because she feared adverse reactio ... | 2017 | 25848354 |
| herbal extract sh003 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of mda-mb-231 breast cancer cells by inhibiting stat3-il-6 signaling. | cancer inflammation promotes cancer progression, resulting in a high risk of cancer. here, we demonstrate that our new herbal extract, sh003, suppresses both tumor growth and metastasis of mda-mb-231 breast cancer cells via inhibiting stat3-il-6 signaling path. our new herbal formula, sh003, mixed extract from astragalus membranaceus, angelica gigas, and trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz, suppressed mda-mb-231 tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo and reduced the viability and metastatic abi ... | 2014 | 24976685 |
| trichosanthes kirilowii exerts androgenic activity via regulation of psa and klk2 in 22rv1 prostate cancer cells. | the androgen comprises a group of hormones that play roles in male reproductive activity as well as personal characteristics. | 2017 | 28216900 |
| in vitro screening and evaluation of 37 traditional chinese medicines for their potential to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ. | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppar)-γ is widely used as an attractive target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. thiazolidinediones, the agonists of pparγ, has been popularly utilized as insulin sensitizers in the therapy of type 2 diabetes whereas numerous severe side-effects may also occur concomitantly. | 2017 | 27076748 |
| [effect of yanghe huayan decoction on precancerosis of breast cancer, protein and mrna expression of ki67: an experimental research]. | to explore the effect of yanghe huayan decoction (yhd, a representative recipe for warming yang mass dissipating) in inhibiting precancerosis of breast cancer (pbc) and on the protein and mrna expression of ki67. | 2014 | 25223183 |
| paleolithic human exploitation of plant foods during the last glacial maximum in north china. | three grinding stones from shizitan locality 14 (ca. 23,000-19,500 calendar years before present) in the middle yellow river region were subjected to usewear and residue analyses to investigate human adaptation during the last glacial maximum (lgm) period, when resources were generally scarce and plant foods may have become increasingly important in the human diet. the results show that these tools were used to process various plants, including triticeae and paniceae grasses, vigna beans, diosco ... | 2013 | 23509257 |
| bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from chinese medicines with pharmaceutical potential. | some protein pharmaceuticals from chinese medicine have been developed to treat cardiovascular diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. bioactive proteins with various pharmacological properties have been successfully isolated from animals such as hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech), eisenia fetida (earthworm), and mesobuthus martensii (chinese scorpion), and from herbal medicines derived from species such as cordyceps militaris, ganoderma, momordica cochinchinensis, viscum album, poria cocos, s ... | 2014 | 25067942 |
| isolation and characterization of a new abortifacient protein, karasurin, from root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii max. var. japonicum kitam. | a new abortifacient protein, named karasurin, was isolated from fresh root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz var. japonicum kitamura (cucurbitaceae, japanese name: kikarasuuri) by the procedure involving acetone fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography on toyopearlpak sp 650s. homogeneity of karasurin was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). karasurin was a highly basic protein of pi 10 ... | 1991 | 2070453 |