| inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro by a lectin from momordica charantia and by other haemagglutinins. | protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate is inhibited by the haemagglutinating lectins from momordica charantia and crotalaria juncea seeds and from the roe of rutilus rutilus, and by a commercial preparation of the mitogenic lectin from phytolacca americana. the haemagglutinins from the seeds of ricinus communis and of vicia cracca acquired inhibitory activity after their reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. | 1979 | 508306 |
| toxicity of pokeberries (fruit of phytolacca americana large) for turkey poults. | fresh pokeberries were picked from the cluster and liquified in a blender for 3 to 5 minutes. the liquified berries were mixed into a standard turkey starter at the rate of 0, 2-1/2, 5 and 10%. addition was at the expense of the total diet. two separate experiments were conducted with day old broad white turkeys. weight gain, mortality and gross lesions were observed to 3 weeks of age. growth rate was reduced with each increase in level of pokeberries. in experiment 1, 3-week gains were 376, 354 ... | 1975 | 1161710 |
| production of plant virus inhibitor by phytolacca americana suspension culture. | the inhibitory activity of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) infection was assayed with the extracts of various callus tissues derived from the intact plants. phytolacca americana callus was selected as a producer of the virus inhibitor and its cultural conditions in suspension were examined for cell growth and the inhibitor production. a modified liquid medium containing twofold concentrations of all components in that of murashige and skoog plus2,4-d (1.0 mg/liter) and sucrose (6%), but without any v ... | 1975 | 1182282 |
| [effects of processing on toxicity and pharmacological action of phytolacca americana l]. | the experimental results have shown that the toxicity of variously processed phytolacca americana is lower than that of the original rude drug, i.e. the local irritability tends to decrease by 16.7-83.3%; ld50 to elevate by 1.66-10.47 times; expectoration to increase by 1.10-1.57 times; but diuresis mostly to decrease by 16.0-45.0%. this reveals that the main object of processing phytolacca americana is to lower toxicity, increase expectoration and relieve diuresis to reduce fluid retention. | 1991 | 1804183 |
| detection of fungi in tissue sections by lectin histochemistry. | a battery of 21 fluoresceinated lectins was tested on sections of paraffin-embedded human tissues to determine which lectin could be used in the microscopic diagnosis of fungal diseases. three lectins, from canavalia ensiformis (concanavalin), triticum vulgare (wheat germ a), and phytolacca americana (pokeweed [pwm]), were found to react with fungal pathogens commonly encountered in nosocomial infections. best results were obtained with pwm and succinylated wheat germ a, which, due to their weak ... | 1988 | 2454619 |
| the inhibition of infection by cucumber mosaic virus and influenza virus by extracts from phytolacca americana. | | 1974 | 4206833 |
| cellular immunity in vitro. clonal proliferation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. | when sensitive lymphocytes are cultured with the appropriate antigen, lymphoblasts appear after 24-48 hr of incubation and the number of these increases steadily from the 2nd to the 6th or 7th day. our problem was to discover, at a cellular level, how this increase takes place; whether it is a massive response of many cells, stepwise recruitment of cells into the lymphoblast class, or simply repeated division of a few cells to form clones. in these experiments lymphocytes were incubated with ant ... | 1969 | 4893888 |
| alterations in cell-surface carbohydrates of rat large granular lymphocytes associated with interleukin-2 activation. | the activation of large granular lymphocytes (lgls)/natural killer (nk) cells with interleukin-2 (il-2) has been shown to increase the ability of these cells to lyse nk-resistant tumor target cells. activated lgls, termed lak (lymphokine-activated killer) cells, have been demonstrated to be of therapeutic value in vivo against metastatic tumors. the mechanism by which il-2 induces broadened cytolytic capability, as well as the molecular basis of target recognition and killing by the activated ce ... | 1990 | 2328530 |
| targeting of the antiviral protein from phytolacca americana with an antibody. | | 1982 | 7092866 |
| glycocalyx carbohydrates of uterine epithelial cells increase during early pregnancy in the rat. | carbohydrates were studied on the surface of uterine epithelial cells by lectin-avidin-ferritin histochemistry. the lectins, wheat germ agglutinin, fucose binding protein, soy bean agglutinin and the lectin from phytolacca americana were used in the study. statistically significant increases in three carbohydrates on day 6 of pregnancy--the day of blastocyst implantation--were found when compared with oestrus. these increases could contribute to the mechanism of blastocyst attachment to uterine ... | 1991 | 1769885 |
| lectin histochemistry on squamous metaplasia in different epithelial tumors of dogs. | biotinylated lectins and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex were used to study the correlation between cellular glycoconjugates' expression and squamous maturation in normal canine skin and in various epithelial neoplasms. normal skin tissue was obtained from five, male, random-source dogs, 5 to 7 years old. the tumors tested, selected from the files of our department, were fifteen squamous cell carcinomas from different tissue origin, five hepatoid perianal gland adenocarcinomas with squamous met ... | 1991 | 1708179 |
| production of a pokeweed antiviral protein (pap)-containing immunotoxin, b43-pap, directed against the cd19 human b lineage lymphoid differentiation antigen in highly purified form for human clinical trials. | we describe a standardized method for the preparation and purification of a potent immunotoxin against b-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells, constructed with the ribosome inhibitory single chain plant toxin pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) and a murine igg1 monoclonal antibody (moab) specific for the human b lineage differentiation antigen cd19 for human clinical trials. pap was prepared from spring leaves of phytolacca americana plants by ammonium sulfate precipitation and purified to homogeneity ... | 1991 | 1705571 |
| lectin histochemical characteristics of the canine female mammary gland. | twelve biotinylated lectins and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method were used to detect and localize specific carbohydrate residues on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded female canine mammary gland sections. histologic sections from 3 lactating and 7 nonlactating mixed-breed dogs (age 5.6 +/- 0.35 years) were incubated with arachis hypogea agglutinin (peanut agglutinin; pna), concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (cona), dolichos biflorus agglutinin (dba), glycine max agglutinin (sba), griffonia simp ... | 1990 | 1700652 |
| type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins depurinate plant 25s rrna without species specificity. | four different type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) with rna n-glycosidase activity were tested for their ability to attack the large rrna of plant ribosomes derived from tobacco plants, as well as from the plant species from which the particular rip had been isolated. incubation of tobacco ribosomes with rips isolated from either phytolacca americana l. (pokeweed), dianthus barbatus l. (carnation), spinacia oleracea l. (spinach) or chenopodium amaranthicolor coste and reyn. (chenopodium ... | 1992 | 1620614 |
| structures of americanol a and isoamericanol a having a neurotrophic property from the seeds of phytolacca americana. | the structures of new neo-lignans, isoamericanol a (1) and americanol a (2) isolated from the seeds of phytolacca americana have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and then confirmed by chemical correlation with the previously known isoamericanin a (3) and americanin a (4). isoamericanol a, americanol a, and americanin a have been found to enhance choline acetyltransferase activity at 10(-5) m in a cultured neuronal cell system derived from fetal rat hemisphere. | 1992 | 1576680 |
| some ribosome-inactivating proteins depurinate ribosomal rna at multiple sites. | saporin-s6, a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) from saponaria officinalis released more than 1 mol of adenine/mol of ribosomes from house fly (musca domestica) larvae and from rat liver. the release of adenine from rat liver ribosomes by several rips (plant enzymes with rna n-glycosidase activity) was examined. saporins, pokeweed antiviral protein from roots of phytolacca americana (pap-r), and trichokirin from trichosanthes kirilowii seeds depurinated rat liver ribosomes at more than one sit ... | 1992 | 1520257 |
| photoactivation of toxin conjugates. | a novel photocleavable protein cross-linking reagent has been used for conjugation of the ribosome-inactivating protein pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds of phytolacca americana (pap-s), with either the monoclonal antibody 5e9 directed against the human transferrin-receptor or the b-chain of ricin that binds to cell-surface oligosaccharides bearing terminal d-galactose residues. when irradiated with near-uv light (350 nm), the linker of these conjugates undergoes photolytic degradation, resu ... | 1992 | 1515463 |
| n-acetyl-d-glucosamine-asparagine structure in ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of luffa cylindrica and phytolacca americana. | glycosylation-site-containing peptides were isolated from the proteolytic digests of luffin-a, luffin-b, pap-s and cnbr-fragments of pap-s by reverse-phase hplc, and their amino acid compositions and sequences were analyzed. six peptides were obtained from luffin-a, and three each from luffin-b and pap-s. all of these peptides were negative toward the phenol-h2so4 reaction and gave only n-acetyl-d-glucosamine in gas chromatography after methanolysis and reacetylation. amounts of n-acetyl-d-gluco ... | 1991 | 1368685 |
| isolation and analysis of a genomic clone encoding a pokeweed antiviral protein. | partial cdnas encoding a pokeweed antiviral protein were obtained by polymerase chain reaction from the poly(a)+ rna of seeds, leaves, and roots using two specific primers based on the amino acid sequence of a pokeweed antiviral protein from the seeds (pap-s). using the cdnas as a radioactive probe, 17 and 39 positive plaques were isolated from libraries containing the genomic dna of phytolacca americana digested with bam hi partially and completely, respectively. the plaques were grouped into n ... | 1992 | 1281438 |
| the nature of the differential inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis in extracts from artemia salina and rabbit reticulocytes by the phytolacca americana protein. | the difference in sensitivity of polyphenylalanine synthesis in extracts from artemia salina and rabbit reticulocytes to inhibition by the phytolacca americana protein (pap) has been found to be linked to the source of the supernatant enzyme fraction and not the ribosomes. in the presence of reticulocyte supernatant enzyme fraction polyphenylalanine synthesis in less sensitive to inhibition by pap than that observed in the presence of a. salina supernatant enzyme fraction. the results suggest th ... | 1976 | 1272260 |
| purification and biological activities of pokeweek (phytolacca americana) mitogens. | five mitogens, designated pa-1 through pa-5, were purified from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana) by means of ethanol fractionation, deae-cellulose column chromatography, affinity chromatography on a column of desialized human erythrocyte glycopeptide-sepharose 4b, and gel filtration. among these mitogens, only pa-1 was mitogenic for both murine b-cells and t-cells, and the other mitogens were t-cell mitogens. binding experiments with 125i-labeled pa-1, a potent mitogen for b-cells, a ... | 1976 | 817741 |
| carbohydrate-binding specificity of pokeweed mitogens. | the carbohydrate-binding specificity of two pokeweed (phytolacca americana) mitogens (pa-1 and pa-2) was investigated by means of hemagglutination inhibition assays and the quantitative inhibition of the binding of 125i-labeled lectins to human erythrocytes using various oligosaccharides, glycopeptides and glycoproteins as hapten inhibitors. among the inhibitors employed in this study, chitin oligosaccharides and the glycopeptides and glycoproteins which bear sugar chains of the type found in se ... | 1978 | 620075 |
| a series of murine interleukin molecules which stimulate both murine and human lymphocytes. i. production by phytolacca americana (pokeweed) lectin 2 (pa-2)-stimulated thymus and thymus-derived cells. | | 1981 | 6791834 |
| classification of iron-sulfur cores in ferredoxins by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | a 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) study was carried out on various ferredoxins which possess one of three types of iron-sulfur clusters, (2fe-2s), (3fe-3s), or (4fe-4s). in the isolated form, (2fe-2s) ferredoxins from spinach (spinacea oleracia), pokeweed (phytolacca americana), a blue-green alga (spirulina platensis), and a halobacterium (halobacterium halobium) exhibited two broad resonances common in chemical shift at the region downfield of 10 ppm. in their reduced forms, seven contact-s ... | 1983 | 6417123 |
| [effect of preliminary treatment with homologous interferon (priming) on the production of human immune interferon]. | pretreatment of the cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes and splenocytes with the incubation medium of the mitogen-stimulated human lymphoid cells containing various concentrations of lymphokines (including 10 to 1280 units/ml of immune interferon) resulted in increased (by at least 4 times) production of interferon, induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin a, phytohemagglutinin and mitogen from phytolacca americana (pwm), as well as in intensification of dna synthesis in the producing cel ... | 1983 | 6407389 |
| evaluation of the mutagenic potential of endod (phytolacca dodecandra), a molluscicide of potential value for the control of schistosomiasis. | extracts of the fruit of phytolacca dodecandra (endod) demonstrate molluscicidal and other biological activities. since this plant is indigenous to some countries where schistosomiasis is a common problem, it has been proposed that it may be socioeconomically feasible to employ endod as an aid in the control of this disease through its use to control the snail vector. as an initial step in the safety assessment of this substance, its mutagenic potential was determined utilizing salmonella typhim ... | 1984 | 6379991 |
| effect of ribosome-inactivating proteins on virus-infected cells. inhibition of virus multiplication and of protein synthesis. | hep-2 cells were infected with herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) or with polio-virus i in the presence of plant proteins which inactivate ribosomes in cell-free systems, while exerting scarce effect on whole cells. ribosome-inactivating proteins used were gelonin, from seeds of gelonium multiflorum, an inhibitor from the seeds of momordica charantia, dianthin 32, from the leaves of dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), and pap-s, from the seeds of phytolacca americana (pokeweed). all proteins tested h ... | 1982 | 6284092 |
| characterization of translational inhibitors from phytolacca americana. amino-terminal sequence determination and antibody-inhibitor conjugates. | two translational inhibitors (pokeweed antiviral protein and pokeweed antiviral protein ii) isolated from the leaves of the pokeweed plant, phytolacca americana, were characterized as to their behavior during reverse-phase hplc and their amino-terminal sequences. alignment of the sequences demonstrated that a substantial degree of homology was present (10 of 29 identical residues). pokeweed antiviral protein was shown by reverse-phase chromatography to be composed of at least two components, pok ... | 1984 | 6091760 |
| studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. i. biological and physicochemical properties of the pokeweed mitogen. | the saline extract from the roots of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) possesses three biological properties; hemagglutinin, leukagglutinin, and mitogen. fractionation and further purification on calcium phosphate column chromatography revealed that the biologically active substance was eluted in the front moving fraction with 0.05 m phosphate buffer ph 7.5. analytical separation on polyacrylamide gels in disc electrophoresis yielded a single homogeneous band with an r(f) value of 0.43 containing ... | 1966 | 5926300 |
| immunotoxins to a human melanoma-associated antigen: resistance to pokeweed antiviral protein conjugates in vitro. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from the summer leaves of phytolacca americana was purified and conjugated via n-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate to 9.2.27 anti-melanoma antibody to a glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex. the conjugate was highly potent (50% inhibition dose of 5 x 10(-11)-10(-13) m on antigen-positive melanoma) and highly selective (5 x 10(-8) on antigen-negative melanoma). human melanoma cells were selected for resistance to in vitro killing of the pap conjugate by cycl ... | 1987 | 3473251 |
| the low expression level of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) gene in escherichia coli by the inducible lac promoter is due to inefficient transcription and translation and not to the toxicity of the pap. | pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein (pap) is a glycosidase which inactivates both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes. due to this activity the wild-type pap gene encoding mature protein has not so far been expressed in escherichia coli. in spite of the ribosome impairing activity of the pre-pap (containing two signal peptides at both termini) on bacterial ribosomes in vitro, the full-length pap gene has been expressed successfully, although at a low level in e. coli under an indu ... | 1998 | 9500850 |
| complete amino acid sequence of chitinase-a from leaves of pokeweed (phytolacca americana). | the complete amino acid sequence of pokeweed leaf chitinase-a was determined. first all 11 tryptic peptides from the reduced and s-carboxymethylated form of the enzyme were sequenced. then the same form of the enzyme was cleaved with cyanogen bromide, giving three fragments. the fragments were digested with chymotrypsin or staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. last, the 11 tryptic peptides were put in order. of seven cysteine residues, six were linked by disulfide bonds (between cys25 and cys74, cy ... | 1998 | 9614717 |
| ribosome-inactivating proteins from plant cells in culture. | 1. ribosome-inactivating proteins were found in high amounts in one line of cells of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) cultured in vitro and, in less quantity, in lines of saponaria officinalis (soapwort) and of zea mays (corn) cells. 2. the main ribosome-inactivating protein from pokeweed cells was purified to homogeneity. it is a protein with mr 29,000 and basic pi, similar to the 'pokeweed antiviral protein' (pap), a ribosome-inactivating protein from pokeweed leaves. we propose to call the pok ... | 1989 | 2930487 |
| monoclonal anti-human t cell antibody and pap-s conjugate--preparation and selective cytotoxic properties on leukemic cell. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap-s) was prepared from seeds of phytolacca americana. monoclonal antibody against human pan-t lymphocyte wu71 was linked to pap-s by a disulfide bond. the results of sds-page, double immunodiffusion of active monoclonal antibody and pap-s showed that the conjugate was highly cytotoxic to the human t-leukemic cell line cem, but not to antigen-negative cell line sp2/o. at a concentration of 10(-9) mol/l, 76.4% of the target cells were killed, as compared with 10.1% at ... | 1990 | 2348483 |
| purification and partial characterization of another form of the antiviral protein from the seeds of phytolacca americana l. (pokeweed). | 1. the pokeweed antiviral protein, previously identified in two forms (pap and pap ii) in the leaves of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) [obrig. irvin & hardesty (1973) arch. biochem. biophys. 155, 278-289; irvin, kelly & robertus (1980) arch. biochem. biophys. 200, 418-425] is a protein that prevents replication of several viruses and inactivates ribosomes, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. 2. pap is present in several forms in the seeds of pokeweed. one of them, which we propose to call 'pokew ... | 1982 | 7103950 |
| purification and properties of new ribosome-inactivating proteins with rna n-glycosidase activity. | ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) similar to those already known (stirpe & barbieri (1986) febs lett. 195, 1-8) were purified from the seeds of asparagus officinalis (two proteins, asparin 1 and 2), of citrullus colocynthis (two proteins, colocin 1 and 2), of lychnis chalcedonica (lychnin) and of manihot palmata (mapalmin), from the roots of phytolacca americana (pokeweed antiviral protein from roots, pap-r) and from the leaves of bryonia dioica (bryodin-l). the two latter proteins can be co ... | 1990 | 2248976 |
| purification and properties of a second antiviral protein from phytolacca americana which inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes. | | 1980 | 7192071 |
| traditional medicine in health care. | the state of research on plants used in traditional medicine and its development in egypt is indicated by the number of scientific institutions devoted to this problem: universities, the national research centre, the desert institute and the horticulture department of the ministry of agriculture. moreover, the use of certain medicinal plants has been "industrialised', e.g., ammi visnaga, cymbopogon proximus, nigella sativa and aloe vera. other plants are under investigation: urginea maritima, ph ... | 1980 | 7464176 |
| inhibitory effects of sialic acid- or n-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins on histamine release induced by compound 48/80, bradykinin and a polyethylenimine in rat peritoneal mast cells. | the effects of seven lectins with various sugar-specificities on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by non-immunologic stimuli were studied. the non-immunologic stimuli used were three basic secretagogues, compound 48/80, bradykinin and pei6 (polyethylenimine with a molecular weight of 600). in this study, we observed inhibition of the histamine release by macckia amurensis mitogen and solanum tuberosum agglutinin (100 micrograms/ml at 37 degrees c for 10 min), which are sp ... | 1994 | 7513032 |
| expression of pokeweed lectin binding in murine intestinal paneth cells. | pokeweed (phytolacca americana) lectin was found to stain the secretory granules in epithelial paneth cells of small intestine in mice and rats. the distribution of paneth cells stained with this lectin was identical to that obtained by another immunohistochemical marker for lysozyme. however, in comparison with other immunohistochemical markers, pokeweed lectin is a more robust method for identifying paneth cells in histological sections and for studying their secretory granules. co-expression ... | 1994 | 7514935 |
| datura stramonium agglutinin released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells that was inhibited by pertussis toxin, haptenic sugar and n-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins: involvement of glycoproteins with n-acetylglucosamine residues. | the n-acetyl glucosamine (glcnac)-specific lectin datura stramonium agglutinin (dsa) rapidly and sugar-specifically released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells, and pertussis toxin (iap) inhibited it, suggesting that dsa activated mast cells via an iap-sensitive g protein pathway. the additive effects of dsa and basic secretagogues such as compound 48/80 that activate iap-sensitive g protein directly suggest that they shared the same mechanism of action including involvement of the iap-sen ... | 1994 | 7532733 |
| antifungal compounds induced in the dual culture with phytolacca americana callus and botrytis fabae. | in order to investigate new metabolites which are only induced in a plant callus infected by a pathogenic fungus, dual cultures with combinations of 10 species of fungi and 6 plant cell lines from different species were established. among the combinations tested, the methanolic extract of a dual culture consisting of a plant cell line, phytolacca americana and a fungus, botrytis fabae showed a marked antifungal activity to cladosporium herbarum. the main active constituent of this extract was id ... | 1995 | 7546032 |
| superovulation affects glucosamine trisaccharides in the glycocalyx of the rat endometrium at the time of implantation. | the presence of glucosamine trisaccharides in the glycocalyx of surface epithelial cells of the endometrium of hyperstimulated pregnant rats was compared with that of normal pregnant animals by means of lectin-avidin-ferritin histochemistry. the lectin phytolacca americana was used. a statistically significant reduction in ferritin particles and hence, glucosamine trisaccharides, was found in the glycocalyx of the hyperstimulated animals when compared with that of the controls. this reduction co ... | 1995 | 7592011 |
| increased lectin binding capacity of trophoblastic cells of late day 5 rat blastocysts. | the binding of lectins to the trophoblast of rat blastocysts has been studied using quantitative ultrastructural cytochemistry. rat blastocysts from early, mid and late d 5 of gestation were stained using biotinylated lectins (phytolacca americana [phy am], fucose binding protein [fbp] and soybean agglutinin [sba]) and a sensitive avidin-ferritin cytochemical method. electron micrographs of ferritin particles along the membrane were processed to produce images for which grey scale levels could b ... | 1994 | 7649802 |
| isolation and characterization of pokeweed antiviral protein mutations in saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of residues important for toxicity. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda protein isolated from phytolacca americana inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the 28s rrna of eukaryotic ribosomes. pap has potent antiviral activity against many plant and animal viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus. we describe here development of a positive selection system to isolate pap mutants with reduced toxicity. in vitro translation in the presence or absence of microsomal membranes shows ... | 1995 | 7667309 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna clone encoding the pokeweed antiviral protein ii from phytolacca americana and its expression in e. coli. | three distinct ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) were isolated from pokeweed (phytolacca americana). we identified and sequenced for the first time a complete cdna encoding the pokeweed antiviral protein ii (pap ii), which is expressed in the late summer leaves of pokeweed. the cdna of pap ii consists of 1,187 nucleotides and encodes a mature protein of 285 amino acids. its predicted amino acid sequence is only 33% similar to pap and pap-s. the nh2 terminal extrapeptide (25 amino acid residu ... | 1994 | 8034016 |
| selected immune responses of adult cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) to dietary restriction. | 1. we examined the influence of moderate to severe dietary restriction on immune system function in adult cotton rats. animals (n = 80) were fed ad lib. (controls) or restricted [moderate = 80% ad lib. for 1 or 2 weeks; severe = 80% ad lib. for 1 or 2 weeks followed by 40% ad lib. for one (week 3) or two (week 4) additional weeks] amounts of food for 1-4 weeks. 2. average body weight loss for severely restricted animals in week 4 was 17%; dietary treatments had no measurable effect on hematologi ... | 1993 | 8097154 |
| broad-spectrum virus resistance in transgenic plants expressing pokeweed antiviral protein. | exogenous application of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a ribosome-inhibiting protein found in the cell walls of phytolacca americana (pokeweed), protects heterologous plants from viral infection. a cdna clone for pap was isolated and introduced into tobacco and potato plants by transformation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. transgenic plants that expressed either pap or a double mutant derivative of pap showed resistance to infection by different viruses. resistance was effective against bot ... | 1993 | 8346221 |
| structural analysis of n-linked oligosaccharide of mitogenic lectin-b from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana). | the structure of an asparagine (n-) linked oligosaccharide of pokeweed lectin-b (pl-b) and the amino acid sequences around two glycosylation sites were identified. the pyridylamino (pa) oligosaccharide prepared from pl-b was eluted as a single peak on both reversed-phase (rp-) hplc and size-fractionation (sf-) hplc, and its structure was estimated to be man alpha 1-->6(man alpha 1-->3)(xyl beta 1-->2) man beta 1-->4glcnac beta 1-->4(fuc alpha 1-->3)glcnac by a combination of component analysis, ... | 1996 | 8901119 |
| amino acid sequence and some properties of lectin-d from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana). | two pokeweed lectins, designated pl-d1 and pl-d2, have been isolated from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana) using chitin affinity column chromatography followed by gel filtration on a sephacryl s-200 column and fast protein liquid chromatography on a mono-q column, and their amino acid sequences have been analyzed. pl-d1 consists of 84 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 9317, while pl-d2 has an identical sequence with pl-d1 except lack of the c-terminal leu-thr. pl-d is c ... | 1996 | 8987560 |
| a non-toxic pokeweed antiviral protein mutant inhibits pathogen infection via a novel salicylic acid-independent pathway. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from phytolacca americana, is characterized by its ability to depurinate the sarcin/ricin (s/r) loop of the large rrna of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. in this study, we present evidence that pap is associated with ribosomes and depurinates tobacco ribosomes in vivo by removing more than one adenine and a guanine. a mutant of pokeweed antiviral protein, papn, which has a single amino acid substitution (g75d), did ... | 2000 | 11117265 |
| the influence of some vegetable extracts on the in vitro adherence of mouse and human lymphocytes to nylon fibers. | we found that the total watery extracts obtained from roots of various plants such as symphytum officinale, phytolacca americana etc, precipitate human glycoproteins, agglutinate sheep red blood cells (srbc) and stimulate lymphocyte adherence to nylon fibers. five out of seven extracts precipitated human gammaglobulins and one of seven obviously agglutinate srbc. if these cells were pretreated with rabbit antibodies against srbc, all extracts agglutinated the cells at various degrees of intensit ... | 1995 | 8993111 |
| c-terminal deletion mutant of pokeweed antiviral protein inhibits viral infection but does not depurinate host ribosomes. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda protein isolated from phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. in addition to its ribosome-inactivating ability, pap has potent antiviral activity against many plant and animal viruses, including hiv. we recently described the isolation and characterization of nontoxic pap mutants, nt123-2, which has a point mutation (e176v) in the acti ... | 1997 | 9108070 |
| cdna cloning and expression of pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds in escherichia coli and its inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro. | pokeweed antiviral proteins (pap) represent a family of protein toxins isolated from various organs and at different stages of development of phytolacca americana (pokeweed). we isolated, sequenced and characterized for the first time a complete cdna encoding a pokeweed antiviral protein expressed in seeds. the cdna of pap-s consists of 1249 nucleotides and encodes a mature 262 amino acid protein. its predicted amino acid sequence is more similar to pap (76%) than to pap ii (31%). it is known fr ... | 1997 | 9109394 |
| plant resistance to fungal infection induced by nontoxic pokeweed antiviral protein mutants. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kd protein isolated from phytolacca americana inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. transgenic plants expressing pap are resistant to a broad spectrum of plant viruses. nontoxic pap mutants have been isolated by random mutagenesis and selection in yeast. one of these mutants, pap-x, had a point mutation at the active-site (e176v) that abolished enzymatic acti ... | 1997 | 9335052 |
| reduced toxicity and broad spectrum resistance to viral and fungal infection in transgenic plants expressing pokeweed antiviral protein ii. | pokeweed antiviral protein ii (papii), a 30 kda protein isolated from leaves of phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. the protein sequence of papii shows only 41% identity to pap and pap-s, two other antiviral proteins isolated from pokeweed. we isolated a cdna corresponding to papii and introduced it into tobacco plants. papii expressed in transgenic tobacco was correctly pr ... | 1998 | 9869402 |
| analysis of active site residues of the antiviral protein from summer leaves from phytolacca americana by site-directed mutagenesis. | the summer leaf isoform of the pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein, pap ii, was produced in high yields from inclusion bodies in recombinant e. coli. on the basis of its sequence similarity with the spring leaf isoform (pap i) and with the a chain of ricin, a three-dimensional model of the protein was constructed as an aid in the design of active site mutants. pap ii variants mutated in residues asp 88 (d88n), tyr 117 (y117s), glu 172 (e172q), arg 175 (r175h) and a combination of a ... | 1998 | 9918771 |
| effect of n-terminal deletions on the activity of pokeweed antiviral protein expressed in e. coli. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from phytolacca americana is a highly specific n-glycosidase removing adenine residues (a4324 in 28s rrna and a2660 in 23s rrna) from intact ribosomes of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. due to the ribosome impairing activity the gene coding for mature pap has not been expressed so far in bacteria whereas the full-length gene (coding for the mature 262 amino acids plus two signal peptides of 22 and 29 amino acids at both n- and c-termini, respectively) has been e ... | 1998 | 9924987 |
| a polylinker-derived sequence, pl, highly increased translation efficiency in escherichia coli. | pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein (pap) is a highly specific ribosome-inactivating glycosidase. the pap gene was isolated and cloned in an expression vector containing a polylinker-derived sequence (pl) but devoid of a shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence. surprisingly, e. coli cells transformed with this vector produced over twice the amount of pap than that with the consensus sd sequence. computer analysis of the 5' terminal region of pap mrna revealed a nucleotide sequence (accuacucga ... | 1999 | 10071866 |
| a new antifungal peptide from the seeds of phytolacca americana: characterization, amino acid sequence and cdna cloning. | an antifungal peptide from seeds of phytolacca americana, designated pafp-s, has been isolated. the peptide is highly basic and consists of 38 residues with three disulfide bridges. its molecular mass of 3929.0 was determined by mass spectrometry. the complete amino acid sequence was obtained from automated edman degradation, and cdna cloning was successfully performed by 3'-race. the deduced amino acid sequence of a partial cdna corresponded to the amino acid sequence from chemical sequencing. ... | 1999 | 10082954 |
| isolation and characterization of four type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins, with polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity, from leaves of phytolacca dioica l. | four type-1 (single-chain) ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips), with isoelectric points between 9.5 and 9.7, were isolated from leaves of phytolacca dioica l. the purification procedure furnished the four proteins with an overall yield of about 16% and separated them from a protein of 29,407 +/- 2 da, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry, whose n-terminal amino acid sequence differed from that of pokeweed (phytolacca americana l.) leaf chitinase (plc-b) by only one amino acid (r17i) ... | 1999 | 10213004 |
| structures of 1,4-benzodioxane derivatives from the seeds of phytolacca americana and their neuritogenic activity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. | the methanol extract of the seeds of phytolacca americana was reinvestigated to yield three new 1,4-benzodioxane-type compounds, americanoic acid methyl ester (1), isoamericanoic acid a methyl ester (2), and 9'-o-methylamericanol a (3) along with the previously isolated neolignans 6-9. the structures of 1-3 were characterized by 2d nmr and long-range selective proton-decoupling (lspd) techniques. the neuritogenic effects of compounds 1-3, and dicarboxilic acids 4 and 5, which had been previously ... | 2003 | 14646313 |
| amino acid sequence and some properties of phytolacain r, a cysteine protease from full-growth fruits of pokeweed, phytolacca americana. | a cysteine protease, phytolacain r from full-growth greenish fruits of pokeweed, phytolacca americana l, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple purification procedure employing cm-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography. the enzyme was present in low content in the young fruits about 50 d after flowering but gradually accumulated in growing fruits. its molecular mass was estimated to be ca. 23 kda by sds-page, and its sugar content was zero. its amino acid sequence was established ... | 1999 | 10393317 |
| pokeweed antiviral protein isoforms pap-i, pap-ii, and pap-iii depurinate rna of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a naturally occurring broad-spectrum antiviral agent with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 activity by an as yet undeciphered molecular mechanism. in the present study, we sought to determine if pap is capable of recognizing and depurinating viral rna. depurination of viral rna was monitored by directly measuring the amount of the adenine base released from the viral rna species using quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography. our fin ... | 1999 | 10403789 |
| ultrastructural studies of glycan changes in the apical surface of the uterine epithelium during pre-ovulatory and and pre-implantation stages in the marmoset monkey. | it has been postulated that carbohydrates are involved in a variety of cell-cell interactions including blastocyst implantation. in primates, there are only limited investigations on the ultrastructural localisation of the cyclic changes in uterine epithelial surface carbohydrates. our aim was to investigate such changes during the pre-ovulatory and pre-implantation stages of the reproductive cycle in the marmoset monkey. after fixation of endometrial tissues, avidin-ferritin lectin cytochemistr ... | 1999 | 10411392 |
| high-level expression and purification of biologically active recombinant pokeweed antiviral protein. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from the leaves of the pokeweed plant, phytolacca americana, is a naturally occurring single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein, which catalytically inactivates both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. the therapeutic potential of pap has gained considerable interest in recent years due to the clinical use of native pap as the active moiety of immunoconjugates against cancer and aids. the clinical use of native pap is limited due to inherent difficulties in ob ... | 1999 | 10419833 |
| mouse monoclonal antibodies against phytolacca americana antiviral protein pap i. | four hybridoma lines are constructed producing monoclonal antibodies against the pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein pap i. two of the antibodies, 4e8 and 5d3, are characterized in more detail. they recognize amino acid sequences rather than conformational changes and their epitopes are 65% distinct. one of these antibodies (5d3) is used to study localization of recombinant pap i in escherichia coli cells by immuno-gold electron microscopy. | 1999 | 10571267 |
| expression of glucosamine trisaccharides on the rat uterine surface is altered by clomiphene citrate. | we have studied histochemically the effects of clomiphene citrate on the expression of oligosacchrides on the apical plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells using the lectin phytolacca americana. ovariectomized sexually mature rats were given a single injection of either clomiphene in two concentrations or estradiol 17 beta or progesterone and were killed 24 hr later. uterine tissue was labeled with phytolacca americana conjugated with avidin and subsequently labeled with biotinalyted ferrit ... | 1999 | 10611927 |
| proteins isolated from lucerne roots by affinity chromatography with sugars analogous to nod factor moieties. | nod factors are important elicitors in legume-bacterium symbiosis. any candidate plant receptor(s) for these lipo-oligosaccharides can be expected to show some lectin-like properties. a novel protein (p60), a native tetramer with 60 kda monomers, has been isolated from a membrane fraction of medicago sativa (lucerne, alfalfa) roots by using affinity chromatography with either glcnac or n,n', n"-triacetyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-chitotriose [(glcnac)(3)] grafted to agarose beads as the matrix and, in a se ... | 2000 | 10620502 |
| the mucosal t cell integrin alpha m290 beta 7 recognizes a ligand on mucosal epithelial cell lines. | the integrin alpha m290 beta 7 is expressed at high levels on mucosal t cells, particularly on those within the epithelium of the gut. we now report that a mouse t cell hybridoma, mtc-1, with similar surface expression of this molecule, adhered strongly to cells of the mouse rectal carcinoma line cmt93 and that adhesion was blocked completely by the monoclonal antibody (mab) m290. other mab to the alpha m290 or beta 7 subunits had little or no inhibitory effect. m290 also inhibited adhesion of t ... | 1993 | 8100775 |
| purification and partial characterization of single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of phytolacca dioica l. | three ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) similar to those already known (stirpe et al. (1992) bio/technology 10, 405-412) were purified from the seeds of phytolacca dioica. these proteins, called phytolacca dioica rips (pd-s1, pd-s2 and pd-s3 rips), are glycoproteins, with m(r) approx. 30,000, inhibit protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and phenylalanine polymerization by isolated ribosomes, and depurinate rat liver rrna in an apparently identical manner as the a-chain of ricin ... | 1993 | 8218414 |
| expression of glucosamine trisaccharides on the rat uterine surface is altered by clomiphene citrate. ii. combination with ovarian hormones. | we used a single administration of clomiphene citrate (cc), a synthetic oestrogen that is prescribed for infertility treatment, in combination with either a single administration of oestradiol 17beta (e2) or progesterone (p4) to assess the combined effects of these hormones on the uterine surface. the aim of these experiments was to investigate how cc in combination with these hormones affected both expression of oligosaccharides on the uterine surface and membrane architecture further elucidati ... | 2000 | 10990068 |
| amino acid sequence and some properties of phytolacain g, a cysteine protease from growing fruit of pokeweed, phytolacca americana. | a protease, phytolacain g, has been found to appear on cm-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography of greenish small-size fruits of pokeweed, phytolacca americana l, from ca. 2 weeks after flowering, and increases during fruit enlargement. reddish ripe fruit of the pokeweed contained both phytolacain g and r. the molecular mass of phytolacain g was estimated to be 25.5 kda by sds-page. its amino acid sequence was reconstructed by automated sequence analysis of the peptides obtained after cleavage w ... | 2000 | 11042392 |
| pokeweed antiviral protein: a potential nonspermicidal prophylactic antiviral agent. | to investigate the effects of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protein purified from the leaves of phytolacca americana, on human sperm function. | 2001 | 11163824 |
| effect of pretreatment of semen with pokeweed antiviral protein on pregnancy outcome in the rabbit model. | to determine whether artificial insemination of semen pretreated with pokeweed antiviral protein, a 29-kd antihuman immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protein purified from the leaves of phytolacca americana, has any adverse effects on pregnancy outcome in the rabbit model. | 2001 | 11591423 |
| genomic clones encoding two isoforms of pokeweed antiviral protein in seeds (pap-s1 and s2) and the n-glycosidase activities of their recombinant proteins on ribosomes and dna in comparison with other isoforms. | pokeweed antiviral proteins (paps) are single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) isolated from several organs of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) that are characterized by their ability to depurinate not only ribosomes but also various nucleic acids. pap-s is one of the isoforms found in seeds. in this study, we obtained three different genomic clones encoding two forms of pap-s (here designated as pap-s1 and pap-s2) and alpha-pap after pcr using a pair of degenerated primers based on th ... | 2002 | 11820936 |
| pokeweed antiviral protein regulates the stability of its own mrna by a mechanism that requires depurination but can be separated from depurination of the alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of rrna. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a single chain ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) isolated from pokeweed plants (phytolacca americana), removes specific adenine and guanine residues from the highly conserved, alpha-sarcin/ricin loop in the large rrna, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. we recently demonstrated that pap could also inhibit translation of mrnas and viral rnas that are capped by binding to the cap structure and depurinating the rnas downstream of the cap. cell growth i ... | 2002 | 12171922 |
| expression of pokeweed antiviral protein in transgenic plants induces virus resistance in grafted wild-type plants independently of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related protein synthesis. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kd protein isolated from phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing pap or a variant (pap-v) were shown to be resistant to a broad spectrum of plant viruses. expression of pap-v in transgenic plants induces synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins and a very weak (<2-fold) increase in ... | 1997 | 12223762 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel ribosome-inactivating protein from root cultures of pokeweed and its mechanism of secretion from roots. | ribosome-inactivating proteins are n-glycosidases that remove a specific adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. in the present study, a novel type i ribosome-inactivating protein, termed pap-h, was purified from agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed hairy roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana). the protein was purified by anion- and cation-exchange chromatography. pap-h has a molecular mass of 29.5 kd as detected by sodi ... | 2002 | 12226497 |
| pokeweed antiviral protein binds to the cap structure of eukaryotic mrna and depurinates the mrna downstream of the cap. | several cap-binding proteins from both the nucleus and cytosol have been identified that mediate processes such as pre-mrna splicing, translation initiation, and mrna turnover. here we describe a novel cap-binding protein, pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda type i ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) isolated from phytolacca americana. in addition to depurinating the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, an activity common to all rips, we have reported recently that pap depurinates capped, ... | 2002 | 12358434 |
| cytotoxic activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-pokeweed antiviral protein conjugates in cell lines expressing gnrh receptors. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the leaves of phytolacca americana, has potent cytotoxic activity once it enters the cytoplasm of a cell. it is incapable of entering cells by itself. therefore, our objective was to determine whether a gnrh analog could be used to deliver pap specifically to cells expressing gnrh receptors. d-lys(6)-gnrh-pro(9)-ethylamide was conjugated to pap (gnrh-pap). chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with cd ... | 2003 | 12639929 |
| [antioxidative response of phytolacca americana and nicotiana tabacum to manganese stresses]. | plant species capable of accumulating heavy metals are of considerable interest for phytoremediation and phytomining. the mechanism of mn tolerance/hyperaccumulate in phytolacca americana l. is less known. to elucidate the role of antioxidative enzyme in response to mn, the 6-week-old seedling of mn hyperaccumulator p. americana and non-accumulator-tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) were exposed to half strength hoagland solution with 1 mmol x l(-1) or 3 mmol x l(-1) mncl2 for 4 days. the photosyntheti ... | 2009 | 20187406 |
| high resolution x-ray structure of potent anti-hiv pokeweed antiviral protein-iii. | pokeweed antiviral protein iii (pap-iii), a naturally occurring protein isolated from late summer leaves of the pokeweed plant (phytolacca americana), has potent anti-hiv activity by an as yet undetermined molecular mechanism. pap-iii belongs to a family of ribosome-inactivating proteins that catalytically deadenylate ribosomal and viral rna. the chemical modification of pap-iii by reductive methylation of its lysine residues significantly improved the crystal quality for x-ray diffraction studi ... | 2003 | 12754107 |
| [antioxidative enzymes play key roles in cadmium tolerance of phytolacca americana]. | phytolacca americana l. has the capacity to take up and accumulate to very high levels heavy metals such as mn and cd, and is used for phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminated soils. the role of antioxidative enzyme of phytolacca americana in response to cd stress is unknown. the 6-week-old seedlings of phytolacca americana were exposed to half strength hoagland solution with 200 micromol/l cdcl2 or 400 micromol/l cdcl2 for 4 days. the content of h2o2 and mda, and electrolyte leakage increase ... | 2011 | 21634194 |
| a fluoroquinolone induces a novel mitogen-encoding bacteriophage in streptococcus canis. | this study investigated whether the recently recognized emergence of canine streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) and necrotizing fasciitis (nf) might be partly attributed to the use of fluoroquinolones to treat streptococcus canis infections in dogs. both mitomycin and the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin caused bacteriophage-induced lysis of s. canis strain 34, an isolate from a case of canine stss and nf. fluoroquinolone-evoked, bacteriophage-induced lysis occurred over a range of concentrati ... | 2003 | 12761079 |
| expression of glucosamine trisaccharides on the rat uterine surface is altered by clomiphene citrate. iii. relationship with implantation regimes and pregnancy. | the present study further elucidates the complex effects of a commonly-prescribed fertility drug upon a target organ in an animal model. in the human condition, its effects are rarely observed without the influence of endogenous ovarian hormones. the aim of the study was to investigate how the administration of a single dose of clomiphene citrate (cc) given prior to an implantation-priming sequence of ovarian hormones would affect the expression of surface oligosaccharides and membrane architect ... | 2003 | 14656006 |
| enhancement of heparin and heparin disaccharide absorption by the phytolacca americana saponins. | we studied the effects of phytolaccosides, saponins from phytolacca americana, on the intestinal absorption of heparin in vitro and in vivo. the absorption enhancing activity of these compounds (phytolaccosides b, d2, e, f, g and i) was determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (teer) and the transport amount of heparin disaccharide, the major repeating unit of heparin, across caco-2 cell monolayers. with the exception of phytolaccoside g, all of them decreased teer values a ... | 2003 | 14723347 |
| phytolacca americana inhibits the high glucose-induced mesangial proliferation via suppressing extracellular matrix accumulation and tgf-beta production. | this study describes a potential of phytolaccaceae (phytolacca americana var.) as an inhibitor of high glucose-stimulated production of extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins and tgf-beta in cultured glomerular mesangial cells (gmcs). raising the ambient glucose concentration for 24 hrs caused a dose-dependent increase in [3h]thymidine incorporation of gmcs, and the maximal response was achieved at 20 mm. phytolaccaceae extracts (2.5-20 microg/ml) inhibited the high glucose-induced [3h]thymidine in ... | 2004 | 15070169 |
| a 13-week subchronic intravaginal toxicity study of pokeweed antiviral protein in mice. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda plant-derived protein isolated from phytolacca americana, is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. pap shows unique clinical potential to become the active ingredient of a non-spermicidal microbicide because of its potent in vivo anti-hiv activity, non-interference with in vivo sperm functions, and lack of cytotoxicity to genital tract epithelial cells. over 13 weeks the subchronic and reproductive toxicity potential of an intravaginally administered gel fo ... | 2004 | 15185849 |
| mucosal toxicity studies of a gel formulation of native pokeweed antiviral protein. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda plant-derived protein isolated from phytolacca americana, is a promising nonspermicidal broad-spectrum antiviral microbicide. this study evaluated the mucosal toxicity potential of native pap in the in vivo rabbit vaginal irritation model as well as the in vitro reconstituted human vaginal epithelial tissue model. twenty-two new zealand white rabbits in 4 subgroups were exposed intravaginally to a gel with and without 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0% native pap for 1 ... | 2004 | 15200159 |
| alpha-spinasterol isolated from the root of phytolacca americana and its pharmacological property on diabetic nephropathy. | based on an inhibitory activity-guided fractionation for the high glucose-induced proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (gmcs), chloroform extracts of the roots of phytolacca americana were found to contain alpha-spinasterol (c (29)h (48)o), a delta (7)-sterol. this phytosterol proved to be a potent inhibitor (ic (50) = 3.9 x 10 (-12) g/ml, 9.5 pmol/l) of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation caused by high-ambient glucose (5.6 mm vs. 25 mm), and its inhibitory potency was about 1,000 ti ... | 2004 | 15326549 |
| lectin histochemistry of normal human lung. | this study aimed to identify and specify the glycotypes of cell populations in normal human lung including types i and ii pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages and mast cells, and also in the larger tissue structures of lung, including blood vessels and bronchi/bronchioles, using lectin- and immuno-histochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue from 11 normal cases. the alveolar macrophages were anti-cd68 positive whereas the cells lining the alveolar walls were positive for cytokeratins. the alveolar m ... | 2004 | 15328919 |
| antibacterial effect of crude extract and metabolites of phytolacca americana on pathogens responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries. | the oral cavity is the store house of different species of microorganisms that are continuously engaged in causing diseases in the mouth. the present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of the aerial parts of phytolacca americana and its natural compounds against two oral pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus mutans, which are primarily responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries, as well as a nonpathogenic escheri ... | 2014 | 25241105 |
| expression of biologically active recombinant pokeweed antiviral protein in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap)-i from the spring leaves of phytolacca americana is a naturally occurring rna-depurinating enzyme with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. interest in pap is growing due to its use as a potential anti-hiv agent. however, the clinical use of native pap is limited due to inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogeneously pure active pap without batch-to-batch variation from its natural resource. here, we report the expression of mature pap (re ... | 2000 | 10686150 |
| cytotoxic activity of a recombinant gnrh-pap fusion toxin on human tumor cell lines. | pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the leaves of phytolacca americana, reveals potent antiviral activity against viruses or cytotoxic action against cells once inside the cytoplasm. therefore pap is a good candidate to be used as an immunotoxin. we constructed a bacterial expression plasmid encoding pap as a fusion protein with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), a neuropeptide with receptor sites on several gynaecologic tumors. the resulting recom ... | 2000 | 10788619 |
| chromatographic separation of a small subunit (psbw/psay) and its assignment to photosystem i reaction center. | by using a hydroxyapatite column, the five major photosystem i (psi) subunits (psaa,-b,-c,-d,-e) solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) were fractionated from a spinach psi reaction center preparation. another small (5-6 kda) polypeptide was also separated, and purified to homogeneity. mass spectroscopy yielded its molecular weight to be 5942 +/- 10. this polypeptide had an n-terminal sequence homologous to those of previously reported 5-kda subunits from spinach and wheat and a 6.1-kda sub ... | 2000 | 10924904 |
| summer weeds as hosts for frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) and as reservoirs for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in north carolina. | in north carolina, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv) is vectored primarily by the tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds), and the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). tswv overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be ... | 2005 | 16539098 |
| the use of lectins to characterize and separate living canine spermatozoa: a preliminary study. | this study was designed as a preliminary attempt to develop a methodology for relating the glucidic structure of the sperm membrane to sperm morphology. differences in plasma membrane glycoconjugates between motile and nonmotile spermatozoa were studied by using 7 lectins. fresh spermatozoa from 3 dogs were analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) labeled lectins. the binding of lectins to the sperm membrane and the capability of the lectins to agglutinate spermatozoa were estimated semi-qu ... | 1994 | 16727393 |
| transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in the caryophyllales. | anthocyanins and betacyanins, two types of red pigment, have never been found to occur together in plants. although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the caryophyllales. the accumulation of flavonols in the caryophyllales suggests that the step(s) of anthocyanin biosynthesis from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins could be blocked in the caryophyllales. dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) and anthocyanidin synthase (ans) cdnas were isolat ... | 2007 | 17185736 |
| trypsin inhibitors from the garden four o'clock (mirabilis jalapa) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) seeds: isolation, characterization and chemical synthesis. | five serine proteinase inhibitors (mirabilis jalapa trypsin inhibitors, mjti i and ii and spinacia oleracea trypsin inhibitors, soti i, ii, and iii) from the garden four-o'clock (m. jalapa) and spinach (s. oleracea) seeds were isolated. the purification procedures included affinity chromatography on immobilized methylchymotrypsin in the presence of 5m nacl, ion exchange chromatography and/or preparative electrophoresis, and finally rp-hplc on a c-18 column. the inhibitors, crosslinked by three d ... | 2007 | 17481678 |