| homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules. | serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type xxv the other with type viii pneumococcal vaccine. igga, iggb, iggc, igb, igg(t) and igm present among purified pn anti-xxv and pn anti-viii immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. radioimmunodiffusion with 14c-labelled type xxv pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity direc ... | 1978 | 28285 |
| inhibition by derivatives of phloretin of anaphylactic histamine release from human lung tissue and of prostaglandin f2alpha-induced bronchoconstriction. | derivatives of phloretin (25-1,000 mug/ml) among them polyphloretin phosphate (ppp), inhibited in a dose-dependent manner anaphylactic (birch pollen or horse dander) histamine release from human lung tissue passively sensitized with reaginic serum. pretreatment with ppp of lung tissue sensitized both to birch pollen and horse dander counteracted to a similar extent the release of histamine induced by either allergen administered in sequence. the phloretin derivatives also antagonized the constri ... | 1975 | 46848 |
| biochemistry of pollen grains: proteins and enzymic proteins of birch pollen. | | 1978 | 80028 |
| immunotherapy in spring-time hay fever. a clinical and immunological study comparing two different treatment extract compositions. | in a study of the efficacy of two different treatment schedules for perennial immunotherapy, 47 adult patients with spring-time hay fever due to allergy against birch and other deciduous trees were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: one group received birch, alder and hazel allergen in allpyral, another group received the same allpyral mixture and in addition all relevant tree pollens in aqueous extract and a control group received no injections. for determination of antibody titres th ... | 1979 | 92897 |
| [taxonomic study of yeast organisms isolated from the sap of birches (betula verrucosa ehrh.)]. | | 1977 | 142897 |
| electron spin resonance study of melanin treated with reducing agents. | the electron spin resonances (esr) of several native and modified melanins have been determined. melanins isolated from black wool and synthesized from 3,4-dihydroxyl-l-phenylalanine (l-dopa) and tyrosine all show similar esr signals. modification of the isolated melanins by treatment with reducing agents causes some lightening in color and slight changes in the esr spectra. lithium and liquid ammonia (birch) reduction applied to melanins from wool and l-dopa gave very different results, as refl ... | 1975 | 167877 |
| induction of murine p30 by superinfecting herpesviruses. | the interaction of endogenous type c viruses with superinfecting herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was investigated in two murine cell lines. replication of hsv-2 was suboptimal in random-bred swiss/3t3a cells and, in initial experiments, infection with a low virus-to-cell ratio resulted in carrier cultures with enhanced murine leukemia virus (mulv) p30 expression. immunofluorescence tests with swiss/3t3a cells productively infected with hsv-2 also showed hsv-associated cytoplasmic antigens an ... | 1976 | 184296 |
| synthesis of 11 beta,13 beta- and 13 beta,16 beta-propano steroids: probes of hormonal activity. | syntheses of 11 beta,13 beta- and 13 beta,16 beta-propano derivatives of 17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one are described. the 13 beta,16 beta bridge was constructed by intramolecular alkylation of the c-16 enolate anion from 3-methoxy-13 beta-[3'-(tosyloxy)propyl]gona-3,5-dien-17-one, the latter being obtained via birch reduction of both aryl groups of 17 beta-hydroxy-3-methoxy-13 beta-(3'-phenoxypropyl)gona-1,3,5(10),8-tetraene (1). the 11 beta,13 beta bridge was constructed by pri ... | 1979 | 226703 |
| [against caries there is no growth of grass--but a tree. convincing reports of the sugar development from the birch tree]. | | 1977 | 275160 |
| the most important allergens in allergic rhinitis. | the distribution of allergens, found on thorough allergy work-up in a series of 770 patients with seasonal and perennial nasal symptoms, is reported. the percentages of positive reactions to grass, tree, and herb pollens were equally high (30--40%) but, clinically, pollens from grasses (timothy, alopecurus, kentucky blue and meadow fescue), birch and mugwort (artemisia) were the most important. in the nordic countries house dust is evidently the commonest causative agent in perennial rhinitis bu ... | 1979 | 287333 |
| hugh mcintyre birch. | | 1977 | 326251 |
| obituary. hugh mcintyre birch. | | 1978 | 353456 |
| epicutaneous testing. | the patch test and chamber test are the ordinary methods for detecting delayed type contact allergies. the method, test substances and criteria of positive reactions are already well standardized. open testing is also used for problematic chemicals such as strong topical medicaments, emulsifiers and propylene glycol. the many problems of standardization are still unresolved in photocutaneous testing. some chemicals are applied to the skin without occlusion, though the chamber test or patch test ... | 1979 | 378015 |
| the effect of spray treatments on some germination characteristics of white pine and yellow birch. | | 1979 | 444727 |
| some phytotoxic effects of fenitrothion on the germination and early seedling growth of picea glauca (moench) voss and betula alleghaniensis britton. | | 1979 | 486750 |
| [pollionosis: i. findings on the clinical aspects and the pollen spectrum in 1565 pollen-sensitive patients]. | case histories are analyzed of 1565 hay fever patients first attending an allergy unit. the mean age of the test persons was 19.5 years. 40% were in the age group 5 to 15 years. the sex distribution showed a slight but statistically significant prevalence of males (56.6%). 56.8% had a positive family history of allergies and 44.2% had other allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis (31.6%), perennial rhinitis and perennial asthma (19% each), urticaria, food allergy and drug allergy (5% each) ... | 1979 | 493910 |
| studies on the specificity of human ige-antibodies to the plant proteases papain and bromelain. | the sera of seven patients clinically hypersensitive to papain--in one case also to baromelain--and the sera of sixty asthmatic patients with allergies to other inhalant and food allergens were investigated for ige antibody activity to the plant proteases papain and bromelain and to common allergens by rast, confirmed in some sera by rast inhibition. there seems to be a relation between the antibody reactions to papain and bromelain, in several cases also between the reactions to these proteases ... | 1979 | 498487 |
| antigens and allergens in birch pollen extract. | more than 70% of the total allergenic activity of a birch pollen (bp) extract was detected within the first 30 min of extraction. fractionation of the bp extract by gel filtration and analysis of the eluted antigens by a fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis revealed at least three antigens with molecular weights of about 29 000, and 17 000-10 000, corresponding to antigens nos. 7-8 and no. 2, respectively, in crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (cie) and in crossed-radioimmuno-electrophoresis (crie). ge ... | 1979 | 546246 |
| competition between species of the aestivo-autumnal group of birch pests for food in transuralia. | the aestivo-autumnal group of birch pests includes 25 species belong to the notodontidae, geometridae, noctuidae, and other families. the larvae of all its species hatch out in mid-july and feed until the end of august. on emerging from the eggs they spread from leaf to leaf, but as the food supply diminishes they crowd together and competition is intensified. the species structure of the group shows some variation over the territory, and only a few species dominate, different species in differe ... | 1979 | 549659 |
| analysis of 2,4-d and 2,4,5-t in lingonberries, wild mushrooms, birch and aspen foliage. | a method was developed for residue analysis of 2,4-d and 2,4,5-t in lingonberries, wild mushrooms, birch and aspen foliage. the method involves the extraction of the residues with diethyl ether followed by alkali hydrolysis, purification by column chromatography, methylation of the free acids and their determination by gas chromatography. the limit of detection is 0.05 ppm for 2,4-d and 0.02 ppm for 2,4,5-t for a 20 g sample with a recovery of 75% +/- 11%. results of some analyses are also repor ... | 1978 | 565228 |
| immunotherapy in atopic allergy--antibody titres and avidities during hyposensitization with birch and timothy pollen allergens. | | 1977 | 591104 |
| reaginic immune response to tree pollen antigen in lbn rats. | the immunogenicity and cross-antigenicity of ten common tree pollen allergens were studied in lbn rats. the rats produced ige antibodies to each of the allergens used (maple, willow, poplar, ash, oak, sycamore, hickory, walnut, birch, and elm), yet the allergens had extremely limited cross-reactivity. the possible explanation for the limited cross-antigenicity is discussed. | 1977 | 591114 |
| [therapeutic properties of a birch leaf infusion]. | | 1978 | 644878 |
| an investigation of the possible immunological relationship between allergen extracts from birch pollen, hazelnut, potato and apple. | in a retrospective study on selected group of patients, the coincidence of birch pollen allergy and a clinically relevant positive prick test reaction to apples and potatoes was confirmed. immunochemical comparison using the crossed line immunoelectrophoresis technique (clie) confirmed partial identity between birch pollen and hazelnut. by the same method no partial immunological identity between birch pollen and extracts and fresh peel from apples and potatoes was found. however, both apples an ... | 1978 | 668340 |
| [new species of meloidodera (nematoda, heteroderidae) from the maritime territory]. | a new species of endoparasitic nematodes, meloidodera sikhotealiniensis, is described. the species was found on the roots of betula mandshurica (rgl.) nakai and spiraea sp. in the woods of the primorye territory. m. sikhotealiniensis differs from the close species m. floridensis by a small size of the body and the structure of the cephalic end of females, large stylet and long gubernaculum of males, thin digitate terminus of larvae. the new species differs from m. charis in an oval shape and siz ... | 1978 | 704145 |
| hypersensitivity to apple and carrot can be reliably detected with fresh material. | hypersensitivity to birch pollen was linked with allergy to apple and carrot, apple seeds and carrot seeds and also with their fractions. skin reactions among other atopics were rare, and non-atopic patients showed no reactions to fresh fruits and vegetables. apple and carrot as well as apple seeds and carrot seeds were fractionated using column chromatography. two major fractions were obtained, one with sugar and proteins, and one with proteins, the latter giving skin reactions more often than ... | 1978 | 707789 |
| the seasonal symptoms of hyposensitized and untreated hay fever patients in relation to birch pollen counts: correlations with nasal sensitivity, prick tests and rast. | a 2 year prospective study of thirty-eight birch pollen-sensitive hay fever patients under specific immunotherapy and of nineteen untreated control patients showed a significant correlation between the total seasonal symptom scores of the patients and their clinical sensitivities assessed by the rast and a graded nasal test. the agreement between a positive nasal test and a positive rast was 74%. in the early season with low pollen counts the onset of symptoms was significantly associated with h ... | 1978 | 709787 |
| relationship between nasal and conjunctival tests in patients with allergic rhinitis. | simultaneous conjunctival and nasal provcation tests, a total of 174 test pairs, were carried out in fifty patients with allergic rhinitis, using serially diluted antigen solutions of birch, timothy grass and mugwort pollen, as well as cat and dog dander. the nasal mucosa was found to be more sensitive than the conjunctival mucosa in ninety-six test pairs (55%). this differs from earlier reports. nasal reaction only was observed in twenty-nine instances (17%). posterior rhinomanometry was also u ... | 1978 | 709788 |
| in vivo tests with pollen extracts previously investigated by means of direct rast titration allergen assay. | the allergenic potency of different birch, timothy and mugwort pollen extracts was determined by means of a direct rast titration allergen assay. for birch and timothy allergens, the results of skin and provocation tests did not confirm the results of the in vitro determinations of allergenicity. there was a poor correlation between the results of skin tests and the results of phadebas rast for determination of specific ige to mugwort, whereas the correlation between skin tests and rast for othe ... | 1978 | 709789 |
| food sensitivity reported by patients with asthma and hay fever. a relationship between food sensitivity and birch pollen-allergy and between food sensitivity and acetylsalicylic acid intolerance. | among adult patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis undergoing allergological investigation with skin test, nasal provocation test and rast, 1129 answered a questionaire regarding food sensitivity (fs). 276 (24%) of the patients reported some kind of allergic symptoms on eating or handling various foods, of which hazel nut, apple and shell fish were the most often named. females reported fs more often than males. a correlation was found between birch pollen allergy and fs with nu ... | 1978 | 717703 |
| allergy to pollen from different deciduous trees in sweden. an investigation with skin tests, provocation tests and the radioallergosorbent test (rast) in springtime hay fever patients. | 92 adult patients with springtime allergy were investigated with skin tests, provocation tests and the rast. allergen extracts from 12 different deciduous trees were used. positive reactions, often of high intensity, were most often found with birch, alder, bog-myrtle, beech and hazel allergens whereas oak, aspen, linden, elm, sallow, maple and poplar allergens more often gave negative or only weak positive test results. cross sensitizations were found between botanically related as well as betw ... | 1978 | 751527 |
| the enrichment of (18)o in leaf water under natural conditions. | the enrichment of (18)o in the water of transpiring leaves under natural conditions is described. in the first series two, later three species at the same location and at the same time are compared (birch betula pubescens l., oak quercus robur ehrh., larch larix decidua mill., and spruce picea abies karst). all four show parallel enrichment properties. in addition two beeches (fagus silvatica l.) were observed, one at jülich, the other at the solling hills. they show similar (18)o/(16)o ratio fl ... | 1978 | 756054 |
| [relationship between the skin test and the specific ige (radio-allergo-sorbens test) in the diagnosis of inhalative allergies]. | immediate-type reactions such as asthma, pollinosis and several forms of urticaria can be regarded as type i reactions according to coombs and gell. primary these diseases are caused by the immune globulin e. as skin testing is accompanied by numerous failors, there is a real possibility in increasing the diagnostic relevance by measurement of the specific ige in serum (radio-allergo-sorbens-test = rast; phadebas-rast -- pharmacia uppsala). there are often found divergent results and therefore t ... | 1977 | 842065 |
| diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. iv. an evaluation of the clinical value of skin test, radioallergosorbent test, case history and combinations of these methods. | with the assumption that a provocation test gives the correct diagnosis, the possibility of predicting an allergy by means of the case history, a skin test, radioallergosorbent test (rast) and combinations of these methods was evaluated for house dust, cow-, cat-, dog-, and horse-dander, timothy-, marguerite-, dandelion- and birch-pollen allergens. all procedures were found to give a reliable diagnosis provided that a group with doubtfoul group, requiring further diagnostic investigations, was s ... | 1977 | 852905 |
| tree host range and world distribution of the extomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius. | the natural occurrence of pisolithus tinctorius has been confirmed in 33 countries of the world and in 38 states in the united states. this ectomycorrhizal fungus is found associated with various tree species in nurseries, urban areas, orchards, forests, and strip-mined spoils. experiments have proved that this fungal symbiont forms ectomycorrhizae with abies procera, betula pendula, carya illnoensis, 11 species of eucalyptus, 30 species of pinus, pseudotsuga menziesii var. meniziesii, 2 species ... | 1977 | 856419 |
| immediate reactions to fruits and vegetables. | common fruits and vegetables were tested as such with the "scratch-chamber" method in 388 patients with various atopic disorders. of the patients with hypersensitivity to birch pollen, 36% showed immediate positive responses to these natural, fresh materials. apple, carrot, parsnip and potato elicited reactions more often than, e.g. swede, tomato, onion and parsley. on the basis of clinical data, the relevancy of the results of the skin tests was 80-90%. both "false positive" and "false negative ... | 1977 | 872578 |
| [detection of allergy to birch pollen in the kuznetsk basin]. | | 1977 | 897799 |
| selective inhibition of the monosynaptic spinal reflex by a series of hydroxylated alkylaminoindans. | 5-hydroxy-2-piperidino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindan (5) and a number of related tetrahydro and dihydro compounds were prepared by selective mono- and dihydroxylation of the dihydro products from the birch reduction of various alkylaminoalkylindans, tetralins, benzenes, and isoindolines. some of these compounds showed a remarkably selective inhibition of monosynatpic spinal reflex in the segmental cat preparation. | 1977 | 915909 |
| cytogenetics of two species of euceraphis (homoptera, aphididae). | somatic cell divisions, spermatogenesis, and the prophase stages of primary oocytes, are described for two species of birch aphid, euceraphis betulae (koch) and e. punctipennis (zettersted). females of e. betulae have two autosome pairs, two pairs of x-chromosomes of different lengths, and two b-chromosomes. females of e. punctipennis have the same number of x-chromosomes. the sex determination system is x1x2o. e. punctipennis males sometimes have only one b-chromosome. in the spermatogenesis of ... | 1976 | 949924 |
| atmospheric pollen counts in tehran, iran, 1974. | daily pollen counts were made in tehran by placing a durham sampler on the roof of the college of pharmacy building at the university of tehran. three pollen seasons were identified in tehran. tree season extended from the first week of february through the middle of october. important pollens of tree season were willow, cedar, sycamore, pine, alder, walnuts, elm, cottonwood, oak and/or maple, birch, and beech. the grass season started from the first week of may and extended into the second week ... | 1976 | 967514 |
| relationship between auditory-visual integration, reading readiness, and conceptual tempo. | a modified downward extension of birch and belmont's auditory-visual integration test was correlated with the metropolitan readiness test for 82 middle class kindergarten children. from this same sample the test performances of an equal numer (n = 11) of impulsive females, impulsive males, reflective females, and reflective males were compared with use of a 2 x 2 analysis of variance. an analysis of convariance was employed to further examine test performance. metropolitan scores were equated fo ... | 1976 | 994049 |
| demonstration of reactivity to airborne and food allergens in cutaneous vasculitis by variations in fibrinopeptide a and other blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and complement parameters. | in a 32-year-old woman and a 40-year-old man with cutaneous vasculitis, etiological allergic responses to foods and airborne allergens were found. during provocation tests, observations were made on blood levels of fibrinopeptide a(fpa) and coagulation factors, fibrinogen degradation products (fdp) and serum complement components. skin biopsies were taken for microscopic and immunofluorescence analysis. in case 1, anaphylactoid allergy to milk and reaginic and anaphylactoid hypersensitivity to g ... | 1976 | 1037153 |
| in vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. the occurrence and clustering of positive rast results as a function of age and total ige concentration. | specific ige antibodies were determined on a routine basis in patient sera using the radioallergosorbent test (rast) with a panel of ten common allergens. total ige was also assayed. of all positive rast reactions observed, 74% were against the following allergens: horse and cat epithelium, birch and timothy pollen, and house dust. clustering (occurrence together with significantly elevated frequencies) accompanied both positive reactions to some animal danders and food allergens. children in al ... | 1975 | 1053436 |
| quantity and avidity of antibodies against birch pollen in atopic patients during hyposensitization. a preliminary study. | the degree and strength of the binding of radioactively labelled allergen by antibodies in the sera of birch pollen-sensitive individuals was studied during the course of hyposensitization with alun-precipitated aqueous-pyridine extracted birch pollen antigens using the ammonium-sulphate precipitation technique originally described by farr. the allergen binding was measured before and after absorption of the sera with anti-human ige antibodies conjugated to sepharose. it was noted that ige antib ... | 1975 | 1132912 |
| allergy epidemiology in the st. louis, missouri, area. iii. trees. | a population skin-tested with pollen from twelve wind pollinated tree species showed a variable level of allergenicity, particularly among adults. pollen extracts of box elder, willow and hickory elicited the highest allergic reactions, oak, birch, sycamore, black walnut and poplar more moderate reactions, while allergens from cottonwood, maple, elm and white ash were less reactive. since box elder is ubiquitous and produces a strongly positive reaction among adults, it should be included among ... | 1975 | 1147318 |
| subcultural mental handicap. | some conceptual problems in relation to the interaction of genetic influence and social disadvantagement are discussed, and some of the results of a study of 144 families with mentally handicapped children reported. the work of heber and his associates in milwaukee is briefly reviewed, and the edinburgh data discussed in relation to the study in aberdeen by birch et al. (1970). possible strategies for intervention are considered. | 1975 | 1201444 |
| [effect of vegetable polyphenols on the level of glycogen in the tissues and glucose in the blood of starving rabbits]. | the paper deals with the effect of galascorbin and polyphenol preparations obtained from oats and birch buds on the content of glycogen in the tissues and that of glucose in the blood of fasting rabbits. it is shown that introduction of p-vitamin preparations under study into the organism of fasting animals favours the preservation of glycogen content in the liver, skeletal and heart muscles. the level of glucose preserved in blood with administration of galascorbin and polyphenol preparations f ... | 1975 | 1202689 |
| [determination of specific ige serum antibodies using the radio-allergo-sorbent-test (rast) and its significance for the diagnosis of atopic allergy]. | the radio allergo sorbent test (phadebas-rast) is a recently developed radioimmunological in-vitro test for determining ige specific serum antibodies in reaginic allergy. the overall correspondence between rast and skin tests in 1,128 tests with a total of 19 allergens was 70.2%. the agreement between positive rast and skin tests was 22.1%. in instances of disagreement the combination of a positive skin test and a negative rast was much more frequent (24.1%) than the reverse (5,7%). the agreemen ... | 1975 | 1226511 |
| estimation of the stokes radii of serum proteins for a study of protein movement from blood to amniotic fluid. | the effective hydrodynamic (stokes) radii of fifteen serum proteins were estimated by sephadex g 200 gel filtration and immunochemical methods. the waldmann-meyer and birch equation (protides biol. fluids, proc. 21st colloq. (1974) (peeters, h., ed.), vol. 21, pp. 653-656, pergamon press, oxford) was used for maximum accuracy. three replicate column runs were made to assess the precision for the size determinations (coefficients of variation 0.6-2.7(). quantive two-dimensional immunoelectrophore ... | 1976 | 1259999 |
| identification of common allergenic structures in hazel pollen and hazelnuts: a possible explanation for sensitivity to hazelnuts in patients allergic to tree pollen. | it is known that most patients with type i allergy to tree pollens also suffer from intolerance to nuts. to identify allergenic structures common to hazel pollen and hazelnuts, cross-reactivity of patients' ige was investigated. with use of immunoblotting,.serum ige from 25 patients displaying type i allergic reactions to tree pollens and intolerance to hazelnuts (group i) bound to the 17 kd major hazel pollen allergen cor a i (100%) and to the 14 kd hazel pollen profilin (16%). ige binding to p ... | 1992 | 1281178 |
| basophil histamine release in patients with birch pollen hypersensitivity with and without allergic symptoms to fruits. | histamine release (hr) studies were performed in 40 birch pollen-allergic patients (positive case history, positive spt, positive birch pollen-specific serum ige: rast > or = 3) with (n = 20, a) and without (n = 20, b) fruit hypersensitivity, and 10 nonatopic volunteers (c). several fruit allergens were used and characterized by protein determination and immunoblot techniques. dose-dependent hr (apple peel = apple pulp > peach = cherry) was demonstrated in both allergic groups, but to a higher e ... | 1992 | 1283657 |
| degranulation of eosinophils from pollen-atopic patients with asthma is increased during pollen season. | the secretion of granule proteins from eosinophils and neutrophils was studied in isolated cells, obtained from 11 pollen-atopic patients with asthma, twice during and twice outside pollen season. granulocytes were stimulated with serum-opsonized sephadex particles, and the released amount of eosinophil cationic protein (ecp), eosinophil protein x (epx), and myeloperoxidase (mpo) were measured by means of specific radioimmunoassay (ria). eosinophils from the pollen-atopic patients obtained durin ... | 1992 | 1309840 |
| influence of beta-adrenergic receptor function during terbutaline treatment on allergen sensitivity and bronchodilator response to terbutaline in asthmatic subjects. | nine asthmatic patients with an allergy to birch or timothy underwent bronchial allergen provocations on three different trial days, with intervals of 2 to 5 wk. two weeks prior to one of the provocations, no medication was allowed. before the other two provocations the patients had been on continuous treatment with oral terbutaline (7.5-mg slow-release pill bid) for 2 wk, which was discontinued 12 or 48 h before the allergen provocation. after allergen challenges, terbutaline was inhaled in inc ... | 1992 | 1313353 |
| double-blind group comparative study of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops with 2% sodium cromoglycate and placebo eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. | a 4 week, multicentre, double-blind, double dummy, placebo controlled group comparative study was carried out during the birch pollen season to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops (twice daily) and 2% sodium cromoglycate eye drops (four times daily). participants with a history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (sac) were randomized to receive nedocromil sodium (60), sodium cromoglycate (61) or placebo (64). clinical assessment of sac showed improvement with ... | 1992 | 1334445 |
| sequence of a cdna encoding nitrite reductase from the tree betula pendula and identification of conserved protein regions. | the sequence of an mrna encoding nitrite reductase (nir, ec 1.7.7.1.) from the tree betula pendula was determined. a cdna library constructed from leaf poly(a)+ mrna was screened with an oligonucleotide probe deduced from nir sequences from spinach and maize. a 2.5 kb cdna was isolated that hybridized to an mrna, the steady-state level of which increased markedly upon induction with nitrate. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna contains a reading frame encoding a protein of 583 amino acids that r ... | 1992 | 1347145 |
| association between ige response against bet v i, the major allergen of birch pollen, and hla-drb alleles. | the association of the human ige response against bet v i, the major allergen of birch pollen, and the hla-dr and dq phenotype was studied. birch pollen allergic patients showed a typical case history, positive skin-prick test, and positive rast with birch pollen extracts. they were divided into two groups. group i (n = 37) consisted of individuals generating ige antibodies that selectively reacted with bet v i. their serum ige did not react with minor allergens from birch pollen as tested by im ... | 1992 | 1353487 |
| immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to birch pollen in patients with atopic dermatitis. | we investigated immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to birch pollen in 10 patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) who had experienced a worsening of their eczema during the birch pollen season. the patients were prick- and patch-tested and antigen-induced basophil histamine release and lymphocyte proliferation were measured. 9/10 birch pollen-allergic patients proved positive in the histamine release test and the results correlated with specific ige levels measured by rast. birch pollen antigen ... | 1992 | 1357857 |
| suspension culture of mammalian cells. | mammalian cell suspension culture systems are being used increasingly in the biotechnology industry. this is due to their many advantages including simplicity and homogeneity of culture. suspension systems are very adaptable (e.g., for microcarrier, microencapsulation, or other methods of culture). their engineering is thoroughly understood and standardized at large scale, and automation and cleaning procedures are well established. suspension systems offer the possibility of quick implementatio ... | 1990 | 1367062 |
| profilins constitute a novel family of functional plant pan-allergens. | type i allergy is a major health problem in industrialized countries where up to 15% of the population suffer from allergic symptoms (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma). previously, we identified a cdna clone that encoded a birch pollen allergen as profilin. profilins constitute a ubiquitous family of proteins that control actin polymerization in eukaryotic cells; in particular, profilin participates in the acrosomal reaction of animal sperm cells. although profilins had been unknown in plant ... | 1992 | 1370681 |
| specificity mapping of patients ige response towards the tree pollen major allergens aln g i, bet v i and cor a i. | the specificity pattern of ige from non-treated tree pollen allergic patients (n = 38) were evaluated by solid phase absorption of serum samples followed by crie on alder, birch and hazel cie precipitation profiles. the majority of the serum samples seemed to contain ige antibodies with the following characteristics: specific towards bet v i alone and common between aln g i, bet v i and/or cor a i, 'ii'. the ige specificity profiles observed for 95% of the sera tested are compatible with birch p ... | 1992 | 1375127 |
| distribution of allergens and allergen-coding mrnas in various tissues of white birch. | the distribution of allergenic proteins was investigated in various tissues of white birch, betula verrucosa (pollen, leaves and male inflorescences containing immature pollen). in addition, callus and suspension culture cells were investigated for expression of ige-binding proteins. furthermore, rna was extracted from all these tissues and subjected to in vitro translation in a cell-free wheat germ system. bet v i, the major birch pollen allergen, could be extracted easily from pollen, and in l ... | 1992 | 1406724 |
| [biochemical criteria for assessment of the population status of the northern birch mouse in technologic pollution]. | energy metabolism and microsomal oxidation in the liver of meadow mice caught near a source of technogenic pollution (0.5 km from the enterprise) were studied for 2 years for their peculiarities. intensification of oxidative processes of succinic acid in the liver mitochondria and a tendency to a decrease of glycolysis in the liver homogenates were observed. under conditions of technogenic pollution in liver of animals the level of lipid peroxidation and rate of aniline metabolism increase. acti ... | 1992 | 1413110 |
| pharmacokinetics of astemizole in children. | astemizole is often administered to children in the treatment of rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria with good efficacy and few side effects. both astemizole and its major metabolite desmethylastemizole (dma) are clinically effective without annoying side effects such as sedation. the pharmacokinetics in adults is well known. in three different studies we have investigated the pharmacokinetical properties of the drug in children. study i (absorption): thirty-eight children 8-16 years old (mean 12. ... | 1992 | 1419223 |
| expression of birch pollen-specific ige-binding activity in seeds and other plant parts of birch trees (betula verrucosa ehrh.). | dot immunoblotting of crude extracts of various aerial parts of birch trees, using patient serum rich in birch pollen ige, showed ige-binding activity in leaves, buds, twigs, seeds, bark, and old male catkins. seed extracts analysed by sds-page, electroblotting to nitrocellulose and immune detection using isotope-conjugated anti-ige verified the presence in seeds of an ige-binding protein of an approximate molecular weight of 12 kd, distinct from the major allergen (molecular weight 17 kd) of be ... | 1992 | 1422264 |
| longitudinal variability of skin prick test results. | the skin prick test (spt) is a commonly used procedure for assessing a specific sensitization. the longitudinal variability of test results is of interest for clinical as well as epidemiological investigations. the sensitization to four common aeroallergens (grass pollen, birch pollen, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat dander) is investigated within the framework of three consecutive spts at 11-month intervals for a population of 587 schoolchildren. the prevalence of sensitization based on a w ... | 1992 | 1422941 |
| complete congruence between morphological and rbcl-based molecular phylogenies in birches and related species (betulaceae). | estimations of phylogenies from morphological and molecular data often show contrasting results. we compared morphological and molecular phylogenies in an ancient family of woody dicots, the betulaceae (birch family). the phylogeny of the family was estimated from parsimony analysis of morphological characters in the genera alnus, betula, carpinus, corylus, ostrya, and ostryopsis and from parsimony and distance-matrix analyses of dna sequences of the chloroplast gene encoding the large subunit o ... | 1992 | 1435235 |
| analysis of contributing factors to the occurrence of off-focus radiation (ofr). | off-focus radiation (ofr) has previously been described by many investigators [r. thoraeus, acta radiologica 18, 753 (1937); l. mallet and r. maurin, radiology 48, 628-632 (1947); j. f. timmer, medicamundi 19(2), 52-54 (1974); g. u. rao, appl. radiol. 3(3), 45-49 (1974); r. birch, br. j. radiol. 49, 951-955 (1976); w. w. roeck, aapm symposium, 217-247 (1991)]. off-focus radiation is frequently manifested on radiographs by the appearance of faint images of anatomical structures outside the collim ... | 1992 | 1435599 |
| [neglected allergens]. | the atopic symptoms manifest themselves mainly in hay fever or bronchial asthma. in a not inconsiderable number of cases, the question of oral complaints, connected with the intake of certain foodstuffs, is ignored in the medical anamnesis. here, we are dealing with what is known as food-associated allergy syndrome, which is largely based on a cross reaction between certain types of pollen (birch, alder, hazel and mugwort) and food allergens (drupes, pomes, nuts, vegetables such as celery, carro ... | 1992 | 1440434 |
| serum ige levels and allergic spectra in immigrants to sweden. | we evaluated the allergy status of 134 immigrants from asia, africa, the middle east and south america, who were referred to our clinic during the past 10 years. fifty swedish patients were used for comparison. when the atopy state was not taken into account, no significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to total ige levels. however, ige levels of non-atopic immigrants were significantly higher than the ige levels of non-atopic swedes. while there was no significant dif ... | 1992 | 1443445 |
| the major allergen content of allergenic preparations reflect their biological activity. | the content of major allergens in biologically standardized allergenic preparations of birch, mite (der p), cat, alternaria (alt a) and ragweed (amb e) was determined. it was found fairly constant between species, i.e. varied within a factor of 2, with the exception of alt a 1 in alternaria alternata extract. this variation is allowed by authorities between different batches prepared from the same species of allergen. the method for biological standardization (bs) prescribed in the nordic guidel ... | 1992 | 1456414 |
| complementary dna cloning and expression in escherichia coli of aln g i, the major allergen in pollen of alder (alnus glutinosa). | previous data showed that the major pollen allergens from trees of the order fagales, in particular alder, birch, hazel, and hornbeam, are highly interrelated. as only the complete amino acid sequence of bet v i, the major allergen from birch, has been known, it was of interest to obtain the primary structure of other major allergens of this group, to attribute ige-binding properties to certain features of the amino acid sequences of those allergens. cdna was synthesized from alder pollen mrna, ... | 1992 | 1460197 |
| 'horoscope effect' not only for seasonal but also for non-seasonal allergens. | we report on the relation between the month of birth and the chance of developing an ige antibody response as found in a study sample of 150,000 subjects. our results confirm that for the three seasonal allergens birch pollen, grass pollen and house dust mite, an increased relative risk was found for subjects born up to 3 months before the main season for that allergen in the netherlands. for cat and dog allergy an increased relative risk was found from november to january, perhaps reflecting in ... | 1992 | 1468027 |
| oral immunotherapy of adults with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. clinical effects in birch and grass pollinosis. | | 1992 | 1468264 |
| parietaria pollinosis: a review. | species of the genus parietaria (pellitory) are a prevalent cause of allergy in the mediterranean area and the most important in some european regions such as southern italy and coastal spain (14, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 36, 59, 69). up to now, however, parietaria has received little attention in northern europe and the us because of its limited regional distribution. therefore, less is known about parietaria allergy than about other inhalant allergens such as those of grasses, ragweed, and mites. d ... | 1992 | 1485645 |
| aeroallergen analyses and their clinical relevance. ii. sampling by high-volume airsampler with immunochemical quantification versus burkard pollen trap sampling with morphologic quantification. | a comparison was made between the amount of airborne pollen collected by burkard airsampler and the allergenic activity of particles trapped on glass fibre filters in an accu-vol high-volume airsampler. the comparison was made throughout the pollen seasons 1986 to 1989. both airsamplers were operated 24 h a day. they were placed less than 5 m apart, and estimation of the pollen amount was made on a day-to-day basis during the pollen seasons, and on a weekly basis outside the seasons. the occurre ... | 1992 | 1485654 |
| [phenologic observations of the rabka health resort in 1990]. | important factors decisive of the health resort's climatic characteristics are the results of aero-phenologic studies. these results take in account the different pollinating seasons of various plants, grasses and weeds. quantification and qualification of air pollination using the volume method with a burkhard analytical device. basing on results the authors have found increasing pollination string from march. at his time the main pollens come from birch, hazel, alder, weeping willow. the conce ... | 1992 | 1493517 |
| a comparison of semiempirical models for generating tungsten target x-ray spectra. | models for the computer generation of tungsten target x-ray spectra proposed by birch and marshall [phys. med. biol. 24, 505-517 (1979)] and recently by tucker, barnes, and chakraborty [med. phys. 18 211-218 (1991)] are compared. some basic differences in the equations for the number of bremsstrahlung photons of different energies in the spectra are discussed. the models are compared in terms of their ability to characterize x-ray spectra from constant potential clinical units using three parame ... | 1992 | 1508093 |
| steroid hormones and the luftwaffe. a venture into fundamental strategic research and some of its consequences: the birch reduction becomes a birth reduction. | i recount my involvement in the development of biologically active, totally synthetic steroid hormones since 1941. the reasons for my approach to the first total synthesis of a potent androgen are given. i touch on the even more important general synthetic outcomes from ideas generated by the search for useful amounts of a cortically active hormone, such as novel angular methylations, partial hydrogenations of aromatic systems (birch reductions), and novel usages in synthesis based on the unique ... | 1992 | 1519267 |
| purification and characterization of an allergen from celery immunochemically related to an allergen present in several other plant species. identification as a profilin. | the purification of a 15 kd allergen from celery was obtained by a four step procedure. evidence for at least two isoallergenic forms was obtained after analysis by two-dimensional-electrophoresis. a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against this purified allergen allowed us to confirm our precedent results on the occurrence of allergenically and molecular mass-related components in celery and birch and mugwort pollens. in addition such components were also present in numerous other species like ... | 1992 | 1525697 |
| olive (olea europea) and privet (ligustrum vulgare) pollen allergens. identification and cross-reactivity with grass pollen proteins. | protein blotting studies showed that three olive pollen components with mol. wts approximately 18-19, 20 and 40 kd can be considered to be major allergens. for privet pollen, the highest recognition frequencies were for allergens of mol. wts approximately 20, approximately 19, approximately 40 and approximately 70 kd. when results with the 62 subjects examined were separated into groups corresponding to their geographical locations, viz. italy, france and australia, subjects sensitized to olive, ... | 1992 | 1528191 |
| a 1.5 kb sequence homology in 3'-terminal regions of rna-1 and rna-2 of a birch isolate of cherry leaf roll nepovirus is also present, in part, in a rhubarb isolate. | a series of cdna clones has been made from the birch isolate of cherry leaf roll nepovirus. restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing showed that at the 3' end, rna-1 and rna-2 are identical for 1.5 kb. also a 0.7 kb 3' end homology exists between the birch and rhubarb isolate. these sequences do not seem to code for any proteins; however, the sequence conservation points to a role in virus replication. | 1992 | 1538198 |
| a computational model of the amplitude and implicit time of the b-wave of the human erg. | to improve the usefulness of the erg in identifying the sites and mechanisms of adaptation, development, and disease processes, a theoretical framework based upon granit's analysis of the erg was evaluated. the framework assumes that the erg is the sum of two potentials, one, p3, generated by the receptors and the other, p2, generated by the cells of the inl. hood and birch (1990a, b) demonstrated that the leading edge of the a-wave can be quantitatively described by a model used to describe the ... | 1992 | 1558823 |
| effects of time of day and appropriateness on food intake and hedonic ratings at morning and midday. | in societies such as the u.s.a. many foods are considered appropriate or inappropriate for particular meals. although some previous work has indicated that hedonic ratings reflect these cultural patterns, little is known about the impact of time of day and "appropriateness" in particular on food acceptance and intake. the purpose of the present study was to explore the role of appropriateness on consumption and hedonic ratings of breakfast and non-breakfast foods. experiment 1 examined these fac ... | 1992 | 1562198 |
| [visagnost--a screening test for in vitro diagnosis of allergy compared with magic lite and cap-feia. ii. allergen-specific determination of ige]. | diagnosis of allergic diseases is based on medical history, clinical and specific tests. although the role of specific ige-determination used for allergy diagnosis is cleared, the technique might be expensive for routine screening. the development of a new dip-stick screening device (visagnost inhalationsallergien, in u.s. quidel allergy screen) gives us the possibility of fast and easy screening without laboratory equipment. for the evaluation of the diagnostic value of visagnost we compared th ... | 1992 | 1575849 |
| [immunological study of the hla class ii antigen associated with birch pollen allergy]. | pollinosis is known as a hereditary disease. recently, association of hla antigens and pollinosis caused by several pollen allergens has been reported. furthermore, hla antigens are considered to have a very important role in the development of pollinosis. we performed an hla population study and tested the lymphocyte proliferative response (lpr) to birch pollen allergens with birch pollen allergic patients and healthy control subjects. the results of the hla population study indicated that hla- ... | 1992 | 1602355 |
| pcr based cloning and sequencing of isogenes encoding the tree pollen major allergen car b i from carpinus betulus, hornbeam. | cloning of the gene encoding the major allergen, car b i, from carpinus betulus (hornbeam) pollen was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to specifically amplify the gene of interest using single stranded cdna as template. specific primers, deduced from the aminoterminal sequence of the purified protein, were tailored to facilitate direct expression of plasmic clones, and the large fraction of positive clones obtained, revealed the presence of isogenic variation. three clones wer ... | 1992 | 1603091 |
| ultrastructural morphology and allergen detection in birch pollen after aqueous, anhydrous-liquid, and vapor fixation techniques. | in order to find a good compromise between preservation of ultrastructural morphology and retention of antigenicity, birch pollen grains were chemically fixed in aqueous p-formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, in p-formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde dissolved in anhydrous glycerol, and in p-formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde vapor. representative cytoplasmic areas were inspected for the preservation of ultrastructural morphology and for their capacity to bind a monoclonal antibody against bet v i, the major b ... | 1992 | 1606318 |
| comparison between magic lite- and cap-system: two automated specific ige antibody assays. | the magic lite system, a newly developed immunochemiluminometric assay for specific and total ige antibody using paramagnetic particles coupled with standardized allergens as solid phase, was compared to the cap system, a recently introduced immunoassay based on a cellulose polymer encased in a capsule. a total of 357 serum samples of patients with suspected inhalant allergies and a positive skin prick test (spt) to common allergens (birch, timothy-grass, mugwort, cat dander, dermatophagoides pt ... | 1992 | 1611547 |
| structure of the 5s rrna genes in birch (betula papyrifera) and alder (alnus incana). | hybridization of a 5s rdna probe to southern transfers of birch (betula papyrifera) or alder (alnus incana) dna digested with bamh1 reveals similar triple-band "ladder-like" patterns. the sizes of sequenced 5s repeat units from both plants ranges only from 471 to 490 base pairs, suggesting that the complexity detected by southern analysis is not due to different size classes of 5s repeats as found in other species. within the intercistronic spacer region, conservation of large blocks of sequence ... | 1992 | 1618393 |
| characterisation of a wound-induced transcript from the monocot asparagus that shares similarity with a class of intracellular pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins. | we report the isolation and characterisation of a wound-induced cdna designated aopr1 from a suspension of mesophyll cells that had been mechanically isolated from cladodes of light-grown asparagus officinalis seedlings by grinding in a mortar and pestle. the transcript abundance is up-regulated following cell separation and in chopped mesocotyl tissue from dark-grown seedlings. the expression of aopr1 was shown by northern analysis to be located around the site of damage. sequence analysis reve ... | 1992 | 1627770 |
| recombinant allergens: biological, immunological and practical aspects. | molecular and biochemical characterization of atopic allergens has made considerable progress since the application of cdna cloning techniques. a number of mite allergens, a hornet venom allergen (dol v), tree pollen allergens, grass pollen allergens and allergens from ragweed were cdna cloned and sequenced. for the mite allergens der p i and der f i, a thiol protease activity can be assumed on the basis of sequence similarities with plant thiol proteases. the major birch pollen allergen, bet v ... | 1992 | 1643444 |
| estimation of ige antibodies to the common allergens by reverse enzyme immunoassay. comparison with the radioallergosorbent test. | a reverse enzyme immunoassay (reina) is described, in which polystyrene microtiter wells are sensitized with murine monoclonal anti-human ige, and then sequentially allowed to react with patient's serum, peroxidase-labeled allergens and substrate. the results obtained with the sera of patients allergic to lolium perenne grass pollen, the tree pollens of betula alba and olea europea, the epithelia of cat and dog, the mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, or to the foodstuffs cow's milk, chicken eg ... | 1991 | 1669584 |
| sequence of a cdna encoding the bi-specific nad(p)h-nitrate reductase from the tree betula pendula and identification of conserved protein regions. | nitrate reductase (nr) assays revealed a bispecific nad(p)h-nr (ec 1.6.6.2.) to be the only nitrate-reducing enzyme in leaves of hydroponically grown birches. to obtain the primary structure of the nad(p)h-nr, leaf poly(a)+ mrna was used to construct a cdna library in the lambda gt11 phage. recombinant clones were screened with heterologous gene probes encoding nadh-nr from tobacco and squash. a 3.0 kb cdna was isolated which hybridized to a 3.2 kb mrna whose level was significantly higher in pl ... | 1991 | 1675424 |
| efficacy of an oral antihistamine, loratadine, as compared with a nasal steroid spray, beclomethasone dipropionate, in seasonal allergic rhinitis. | the aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and side-effects of oral antihistamine and nasal glucocorticoid therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. in a double-blind, double-dummy, group-comparative study, 60 birch and grass pollen allergic patients were treated with either loratadine (10 mg daily) or beclomethasone dipropionate (bdp) (100 micrograms in each nostril twice daily) during a 3 weeks' study period. grading of 4 nasal and 3 non-nasal symptoms was performed at 4 weekly visits, and ... | 1991 | 1685945 |
| bacteria and endotoxin enhance basophil histamine release and potentiation is abolished by carbohydrates. | histamine release caused by anti-ige, specific antigens and calcium ionophore a23187 was examined in leukocyte suspensions from healthy individuals and patients allergic to house dust mite and birch pollen. staphylococcus aureus and lps from salmonella typhimurium were found to cause a synergistic enhancement of the release. the potentiation of mediator release by the bacteria and the endotoxin depends on a binding to the basophilocyte, followed by a non-transient event, since the potentiating e ... | 1990 | 1700887 |
| influenza a virus enhances basophil histamine release and the enhancement is abolished by carbohydrates. | basophil histamine release was studied in leukocyte suspensions from normal individuals and from patients allergic to house dust mite or birch pollen. mediator release caused by ige-mediated reactions was examined by stimulating the cells with anti-ige or specific antigens, and the calcium ionophore a23187 was used for a non-immunological histamine release. in all experiments influenza a virus caused a synergic enhancement of the mediator release and the potentiation was abolished by galactose ( ... | 1990 | 1700890 |
| mapping of bet v i epitopes by using murine monoclonal antibodies. | the different determinants of birch pollen extracts, as shown by sds-page analysis, range from 10 to 94 kda. these determinants were then electrotransferred on nitrocellulose strips and allowed to react with human ige ab from sensitive patients in order to identify the allergenic determinants. several minor (43, 35, 28 and 21 kda) and the major (17 kda) allergenic determinants were identified. murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) were then produced against the major allergenic determinant (bet v i ... | 1990 | 1703514 |
| selective alterations in natural killer cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis. | we examined the immunophenotypic characteristics of natural killer (nk) cell subsets in patients with severe atopic dermatitis (ad), rhinitis allergica (ra) and in healthy controls. expression of cd16, cd56 and cd57 antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes was evaluated by simultaneous double immunocytofluorometry. our results showed significantly lower percentages of cells with cd16, cd56 and cd57 surface antigens in patients with ad. furthermore subdivision of the ad group into two subgroups, ... | 1990 | 1703517 |
| the structural requirements of epitopes with ige binding capacity demonstrated by three major allergens from fish, egg and tree pollen. | three major allergens from cod fish, egg white and tree pollen, were characterized by studies on their allergenic and antigenic structures. the major allergen of cod fish, allergen m "parvalbumins pi 4.75", is composed of 113 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 12,328 daltons. it comprised three domains, ab, cd and ef, consisting of 3 helices interspaced by one loop. each of the loops of the cd and ef domains each coordinates one ca2+. the antigenicity and allergenicity of allergen m ... | 1991 | 1710368 |
| the immunological relationship of epitopes on major tree pollen allergens. | the major allergens of birch (bet v i), alder (aln g i), hazel (cor a i) and hornbeam (car b i) were investigated by means of high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with immunoblotting. eleven sera derived from patients allergic to birch pollen as well as mouse monoclonal antibodies bip 1 and bip 4, raised against bet v i, were used as probes. human ige antibodies detected 10 spots in birch (mr 17 kda, pi 4.9-5.9); four spots in alder (mr 18.5 kda, pi 4.7-5.3); four spots in ha ... | 1991 | 1715032 |