| effects of anti-acetylcholine drugs on aggressive behaviour induced by cannabis sativa in rem sleep-deprived rats. | | 1978 | 29105 |
| factors affecting theophylline clearances: age, tobacco, marijuana, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, obesity, oral contraceptives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol. | | 1979 | 41932 |
| role of biogenic amines in the effects of marijuana on eeg patterns in cats. | the results of pretreatment with drug having selective action on brain biogenic amine levels on the subsequent effects of acute marijuana treatment were assessed for behavior and eeg measures. behavioral changes and alterations in the spontaneous eeg indicated that pretreatment with drugs affecting brain levels of 5-ht was most effective in altering the dual properties of acute marijuana treatment. the present findings support the interpretation that the availability of serotonin interacts with ... | 1975 | 53140 |
| changes in human event related potentials with prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) use. | auditory event related potentials and contingent negative variation (cnv) were recorded in a series of behavioral tasks from 27 hospitalized human volunteers before, early during (1--3 days), late during (10--14 days) and after chronic thc intoxication at two dose levels (70--90 mg/day or 180--210 mg/day in divided doses). twelve additional hospitalized volunteers served as a control group. the n1 component of the auditory event related potential in all tasks was depressed when tested early duri ... | 1979 | 91483 |
| cannabis sativa: ultrastructural changes in organelles of neurons in brain septal region of monkeys. | ultrastructural studies of layer v pyramidal neurons of the septal region of rhesus monkeys exposed to smoke of active marihuana and of those exposed to intravenous delta-9-thc revealed low volume density and various degrees of fragmentation and disorganization of rough endoplasmic reticulum. in contrast, no changes were observed in these neurons of the septal region of control monkeys (unexposed monkeys and one monkey exposed to smoke of inactive marihuana). there were no significant difference ... | 1979 | 106134 |
| cannabinols and feeding in sheep. | marijuana, long used for the euphoria which results, recently has been found to stimulate hunger in humans but in several laboratory animals cannabinoids decrease food intake. sheep, relatively more sensitive to chemicals that affect food intake, were injected iv with the d-and l-isomers of tetrahydrocannabinol and with a 9-aza-cannabinol) 9-ac) (8-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5h-[1]benzopyranol[3,4]pyridin-10-01, hcl) and feeding behavior was monitored. in the first 30 min, food intake was ... | 1979 | 116274 |
| normal lymphocyte function in the presence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-thc), the psychoactive component of marijuana, in concentrations of 0.6 x 10(-4) m to 10.6 x 10(-4) m, has no effect on the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis of resting normal human lymphocytes or on their responses to phytohemagglutinin or to allogeneic lymphocytes. | 1977 | 137796 |
| effects of cannabinoids on synaptic membrane enzymes. i. in vitro studies on synaptic membranes isolated from rat brain. | the understanding of the effects of cannabinoids in human subjects has been obscured by a lack of knowledge about how the various active principles from marijuana act at the cellular level in the brain. for this reason the present study was undertaken to determine the effects of cannabinoids on the enzymes associated with the synaptic membranes. electron micrographic analysis was performed to determine the purity of synaptic membrane preparations from rat brain, and subsequently such preparation ... | 1976 | 148840 |
| effects of high dosage delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep patterns in man. | electroencephalographic readings and eye movement were recorded in experienced marijuana users under placebo and tetrahydrocannabinol (thc). four subjects were studied for 3 baseline nights, 3 nights under initial dosage of 70 mg/day, the last 3 nights of a 2-wk period of 210 mg/day, and the first 3 nights of withdrawal. three other subjects were studied only during the latter 2 conditions. administration of thc significantly reduced eye movement activity during sleep with rapid eye movements (r ... | 1975 | 164314 |
| effect of chronic marijuana administration of stages of primate sleep-wakefulness. | the effects of the repeated administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep-wakefulness patterns were studied in adult male squirrel monkeys. the percent time spent in slow wave sleep was reduced with chronic treatment and failed to return to base line levels after 30 days of recovery. the amount of time spent in stage 1 or drowsy state increased with repeated treatment and remained elevated through recovery. changes observed in other stages of sleep-wakefulness were sensitive to repeate ... | 1975 | 166711 |
| research review. interactions between environmental chemicals and drug biotransformation in man. | many factors influence the metabolism of drugs in man. besides genetic factors, environmental factors may play a significant role in explaining the variation observed in the rates of drug metabolism between different individuals. intentional or unintentional exposure to environmental chemicals could enhance or inhibit the activity of hepatic mixed function oxidases that metabolise drugs and other foreign chemicals, as well as endogenous substrates such as steroid hormones. a major source of such ... | 1978 | 214266 |
| effects of experimental marijuana and tobacco smoke inhalation on alveolar macrophages. a comparative stereologic study. | male rats were exposed for 30 consecutive days to whole smoke from either marijuana or tobacco cigarettes. at the end of this period, anesthetized animals from the two smoke-exposed groups together with their age-matched, nonexposed controls underwent bronchopulmonary lavage, and the free lung cells obtained were fixed and collected for light and electron microscopy. measurements made on 1-micrometer. sections indicated slight, but statistically nonsignificant, shifts in the frequency distributi ... | 1979 | 224263 |
| metabolic and functional characteristics of alveolar macrophages recovered from rats exposed to marijuana smoke. | pulmonary alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage from male rats after 30 consecutive days of in vivo exposure to marijuana and tobacco smoke. no significant differences were found between either group of experimental animals and controls in the number of cells recovered, the protein content per 10(6) cells, or the percentage of cells that adhered to plastic surfaces. the ability of macrophages to phagocytize viable bacteria was not affected by exposure to either marijuana ... | 1979 | 225274 |
| pretreatment with delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and psychoactive drugs: effects on uptake of biogenic amines and on behavior. | injection of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) into mice increased the uptake into brain synaptosomes of radioactive da, ne, 5-ht and gaba, with the effect on gaba being the greatest; uptake of leucine was not stimulated, indicating that thc does not facilitate the transport of amino acids in general. the effect of thc was stereospecific because pretreatment with the non-psychoactive isomer, (+) delta 6-thc had no effect on uptake of da into cortical synaptosomes. the effect on da uptake was co ... | 1979 | 230975 |
| human performance effects of marijuana. | | 1979 | 231576 |
| isolation and toxicological study of tetrahydrocannabivarol, an homolog of tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 1--thc). | selection and culture in a phytotron of plants of cannabis sativa l. with high content of propyl-thc are obtained. then it was possible to isolate a large quantity of propyl-thc by column chromatography. spectroscopic analysis is done. pharmacological tests are being run; first results revealed the allergenicity of this substance by comparison with the properties of tetrahydrocannabinol, the active principle of cannabis. | 1979 | 232788 |
| preparation and monitoring of marijuana smoke condensate samples. | the objective of this study was the production of smoke condensate from the marijuana cigarettes on schedule for the bioassay study and involved quality control on each batch of smoke condensate. examination of the condensate production data (tables 1 and 2) reveal that it is not possible to strictly control the butt length of cigarettes when smoked on a robot smoking machine thereby accounting for some variation in the yield of the dry particulate matter and increment9-tetrahydrocannabinol. no ... | 1975 | 241444 |
| the dynamics of trends in drug use in australia. | drug use tends to follow cycles. monitoring may be used to establish the trends over time and to analyse their dynamics. an approach is described which establishes the stage of adoption or discontinuance of drug use in the community and a method for the prediction of future trends. monitoring in new south wales from 1971 to 1973 provided data which are analysed to show that alcohol was in the phase of majority adoption and tobacco had reached a plateau, but with the worrying anomaly that heavy u ... | 1977 | 244310 |
| stability of cannabis sativa l. samples and their extracts, on prolonged storage in delhi. | the percentage rate of change into cannabinoids (cannabidiol [cbd], tetrahydrocannabinol [thc] and cannabinol [cbn]) was higher in cannabis samples than in the extracts. this is probalby due to the decomposition of acids into corresponding neutral cannabinoids under the conditions of storage. previous claims that cbd content in plant material is relatively constant are not substantiated by our results. there was a 1.0-2.5-fold increase in cbd content in plant material compared with the extracts. ... | 1978 | 258607 |
| effects of cannabinoids on host resistance to listeria monocytogenes and herpes simplex virus. | previous investigations from our laboratories have demonstrated that cannabinoids possess immunosuppressive properties. the present studies were designed to determine whether these agents decrease host resistance to infections with listeria monocytogenes and herpes simplex virus type 2. host resistance was measured by changes in the 50% lethal dose of the pathogen in cannabinoid-treated and control mice. the effect of cannabinoids on resistance to l. monocytogens was dose dependent. delta-9-tetr ... | 1979 | 313368 |
| marijuana exposure in vivo and human lymphocyte chromosomes. | sequential chromosome examinations of peripheral lymphocte cultures were carried out on 21 adult male volunteers who smoked natural blend marijuana cigarettes containing about 1%, 2%, or no delta9-thc. for a limited number of subjects, blood samples from a single venipuncture were cultured independently in two cytogenetic laboratories, and later the slides were exchaged for re-analysis. there were significant differences between laboratories in the absolute break frequencies recorded. these inte ... | 1977 | 327310 |
| enhanced susceptibility of mice to combinations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and live or killed gram-negative bacteria. | combinations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc) and bacterial endotoxin were shown to be hyperadditively toxic for mice. a variety of purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations elicted enhanced mortality in combination with delta 9-thc. escherichia coli o26:b6 lps (boivin preparation) at an essentially nonlethal dose of 2.5 mg/kg reduced the dose of delta 9-thc required to kill 50% of the treated mice from ca. 350 to 150 mg/kg. inbred balb, dba, and c3h/hecr mice, noninbred icr mi ... | 1977 | 330405 |
| marijuana and human performance: an annotated bibliography (1970-1975). | a bibliography of 199 annotated references was compiled to aid the reader in determining the impact of marijuana on psychomotor, cognitive, and physiological factors considered pertinent to flight performance. the bibliography contains an index which categorizes the references into the following major areas: (1) reviews or overviews of issues, literature or research; (2) psychological effects of marijuana use; (3) physiological and pharmacological research; (4) medical comments and research crit ... | 1977 | 343061 |
| influence of cigarette smoking on drug metabolism in man. | the pervasiveness of tobacco use in our society and the frequency of altered disposition of many common therapeutic and recreational drugs in smokers makes it apparent that the smoking habit should be considered as one of the primary sources of drug interactions in man. each scientific report dealing with drug disposition should list the smoking status of the subjects studied as smoking should be included as a basic characteristic of each subject along with age, race, body weight, and presence a ... | 1979 | 385272 |
| cannabis sativa l. (marijuana) ix: lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity of marijuana flavone c-glycosides. | | 1977 | 409835 |
| effects of cannabis sativa on ultrastructure of the synapse in monkey brain. | electron microscopic study of brain tissues of monkeys chronically exposed to psychoactive cannabis showed widening of the synaptic cleft, electron opaque material in the cleft and in pre- and postsynaptic regions, and some "clumping" of synaptic vesicles. in contrast, tissues of control monkeys showed no ultrastructural changes. | 1977 | 413934 |
| drug use among public and private secondary school students in puerto rico. | this paper reports results of the first wave of a two-wave panel survey carried out on a representative sample of puerto rican public and private secondary school students in the 1974--1975 academic year. twelve percent of the students reported the use of one or more illicit drugs. the illicit drug most frequently used was marijuana. a greater proportion of adolescents have used alcohol and tobacco than any of the illegal drugs. private school students of both sexes reported more use of illicit ... | 1979 | 447432 |
| myocardial infarction and marijuana. | myocardial infarction in the virtual absence of risk factors occurred in a 25-year old man shortly after smoking a cigarette containing marijuana. subsequent coronary arteriography was normal. | 1979 | 466984 |
| anomie and drug use in high school students. | the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs as it relates to anomie was studied in 11th grade students. a questionnaire was administered to 1,314 11th grade students which included srole's anomie scale as well as items pertaining to the usage of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, lsd, heroin, amphetamines, barbiturates, and methaqualone. the name of each drug was given along with the colloquial terms typically used to identify each drug. substance users showed significantly higher anomie scores th ... | 1979 | 489181 |
| acute oral marijuana poisoning in the dog. | ingestion of marijuana by three dogs in unrelated incidents resulted in depression-type toxicosis in each case. the most evident clinical signs were central nervous system depression and ataxia. emesis and hypothermia were noted in two of the cases. symptomatic and supportive treatment was accompanied by clinical improvement. in two cases, recovery was slow, with clinical signs apparent for 36 to 48 hours after onset. in the third case, clinical signs were apparent for only 3 hours. | 1979 | 521354 |
| college students and alcohol, marijuana and tobacco: a comparison survey between 1967 and 1978. | | 1979 | 522177 |
| adults' drug use: relationship to perceived drug use of parents, friends while growing up, and present friends. | results from a random household survey of the boston standard metropolitan statistical area show a consistent and relatively strong association of adults' use of coffee, tobacco, alcohol, tranquilizers, and marijuana with their perceptions of present friends' use. associations with parents' and past adolescent friends' use are much weaker. the results support efforts to explain illicit drug use with general theories of behavior acquisition and cast doubt on the utility of deviance theories. | 1979 | 539572 |
| effects of marijuana extract distillate and cannabidiol on variable interval performance as a function of food deprivation. | lever-pressing rates plotted as a function of number of hours of food deprivation produces an inverted u curve, the activation performance curve. since delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol depresses the response rate on variable interval (vi) performance, it may be that the response depression reflects changes in this curve. rats were tested vi performance at five levels of food deprivation and were treated with a vehicle control, marijuana extract distillate (med) at 7.5 and 11.25 mg/kg, cannabidiol (c ... | 1978 | 565058 |
| [development of narcotics consumption in adolescents 19 and 20 years old. a comparison in the canton of zurich 1971, 1974 and 1978]. | in 1971, 1974 and 1978 representative samples of 19/20-year-old males and females in the canton of zurich (switzerland) answered identical questionnaires on consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. it was thus possible to analyze changes in consumption habits for alcohol, tobacco and drugs by young adults. consumption patterns changed differently for males and females, with a tendency for females to approach the same levels as males. the number of persons who had been drunk at least once nearl ... | 1979 | 574989 |
| chemical investigation of wild cannabis sativa l. roots. | | 1977 | 594216 |
| effects of marijuana on human reaction time and motor control. | in this research were analyzed the effects of marijuana on human reaction time and on performance for motor responses involving both linear and rotary serial arm movements aimed at a target. a total of six experienced marijuana users served as subjects and three drug conditions (dose levels) were used, i.e., 0, 6.5, and 19.5-26.0 mg delta9-thc. the results showed that (a) (simple and complex) reaction time was not significantly affected by marijuana or by the interaction between drug conditions ... | 1977 | 600655 |
| marijuana: differential effects on right and left hemisphere functions in man. | | 1977 | 604707 |
| alcohol and marijuana consumption among undergraduate polydrug users. | of 365 undergraduates surveyed, 42% admitted to polydrug use. the rank order of drugs used was: alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, hallucinogens, barbiturates, amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, and inhalants. forty-four percent used one drug combination, 25% used 2 to 3 combinations, 17% used 4 to 7 combinations, with 14% using 8 to 14 combinations. nealry 85% used alcohol plus marijuana, with nearly one-third combining alcohol or marijuana with barbiturates, hallucinogens, or amphetamines. alcohol appe ... | 1977 | 612191 |
| prevalence of tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol usage among high school students: a local survey and comments on current patterns of usage. | | 1978 | 632697 |
| [chemical and toxicological studies of indian hemp (cannabis sativa l., indica variety) medico-legal application]. | | 1978 | 651548 |
| the treatment of glaucoma using a non-psychoactive preparation of cannabis sativa. | | 1978 | 654244 |
| odor and marijuana intoxication. | assigned 48 volunteer adult males to four groups: a marijuana high dose, a marijuana low dose, a placebo, and a coltsfoot group. each s participated in two 80-minute sessions; one involved listening to music, socializing, and smoking the drug, and the second was identical to the first with the addition of two extra placebo cigarettes which contained finely cut amounts of human hair. the odor of burning hair was rated previously as quite aversive by non-intoxicated ss. contrary to expectation, ss ... | 1978 | 690226 |
| effect of hemp dust (cannabis sativa linn.) on lungs & lymph nodes of guineapigs. | | 1978 | 700788 |
| effect of cannabinoids on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in rat hippocampus, striatum and cortex. | the effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-thc), the major psychoactive compound of marijuana, and cannabidiol (cbd), a non-psychoactive component, on the acetylcholine (ach) concentration and the turnover rate of ach (trach) have been studied in various regions of the rat brain. neither delta9-thc doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg nor cbd (10 or 20 mg/kg) alter the ach concentration in the brain areas examined 30 min, after the intravenous injection. however, delta9-thc (doses from 0.2 to 10 m ... | 1978 | 703853 |
| marijuana as a treatment for glaucoma. | | 1978 | 752186 |
| an experimental animal model for quantifying the biologic effects of marijuana on the defense system of the lung. | | 1978 | 756832 |
| the effects of marijuana: a social psychological interpretation. | because of marijuana's apparent widespread and growing use, and possible future decriminalization, there is understandable concern about the effects of marijuana on behavior. however, in any serious deliberation about effects on behavior, two divergent views are equally unacceptable: that of the naive medical moralizer, who believes that marijuana turns people into vicious criminals; and that of the uncritical humanist, who holds that it affects everyone differently. the first position, characte ... | 1978 | 757986 |
| [effects of marijuana and d-amphetamine on the appetite, food consumption and various cardio-respiratory variables in man]. | | 1975 | 772907 |
| marijuana smoking and cold tolerance in man. | ten men who were marijuana users served as subjects in a study of the effects of marijuana smoking on response to cold. cold water (28 degrees c for 60 min) and cold air (20 degrees c for 120 min) mediums were utilized with three exposures in each medium. the three exposures followed smoking marijuana, smoking placebo, and a no-smoking control period. additionally, a breathhold experiment preceded and followed the four smoking periods. marijuana and placebo smoke were inhaled from a spirometer w ... | 1976 | 779756 |
| tolerance to marijuana-induced tachycardia in man. | | 1976 | 782158 |
| alcohol and marijuana effects on ocular tracking. | experienced alcohol and marijuana users were instructed to track with their eyes a small spot that moved horizontally back and forth in pendular (sinusoidal) motion across a 7.5-degree field. the frequency of spot oscillation was gradually increased from 0.5 to 3.0 hz in 40 sec. eye movement recordings showed the frequency at which smooth tracking and, soon thereafter, saccadic tracking broke down. these smooth and saccadic cutoff frequencies were reduced after administration of alcohol, but not ... | 1976 | 797262 |
| pharmacology of marijuana. | | 1975 | 807151 |
| aspects of tolerance to and dependence on cannabis. | tolerance at all levels of complexity in the brain involves "learning" in the sense of the acquisition of compensatory adaptations to the consequences of the presence of a drug-produced disturbance in function. depending on the function, species, and dose of cannabis, "tissue tolerance," behaviorally augmented (to provide the presence of the disturbed function) or not, develops at different rates or not all (e.g., to impairment of the logical sequence of thoughts, to which no tolerance has yet b ... | 1976 | 828472 |
| anticonvulsant drug antagonism of delta9tetrahydrocannabinol-induced seizures in rabbits. | a population of new zealand white rabbits exhibit behavioral convulsions when given low doses of psychoactive cannabinoids of marijuana. carbamazepine, diazepam and phenytoin were most effective in blocking these convulsions caused by delta9tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9thc). phenobarbital and ethosuximide also blocked convulsions but only at toxic doses. cannabidiol was effective in blocking convulsions when given concurrently with, but not prior to delta9thc. | 1977 | 841172 |
| changing patterns of substance use on campus: a four-year follow-up study. | in 1969 and 1973, 598 and 474 randomly selected students at a large midwestern university reported their present and past use, and extent of use of substances taken without medical prescription. ten of the 18 substances showed a significant increase in percentage of users over time with greatest increases for marijuana, hashish, and alcohol. these three plus tobacco are those substances most used by students and used most frequently. other substances are used by less than 7 per cent presently an ... | 1977 | 863566 |
| high-pressure liquid chromatographic--mass spectrometric determination of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human plasma following marijuana smoking. | a method was developed for analyzing delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (i), a psychotomimetic constituent found in marijuana smoke. the developed method utilizes a high-pressure liquid chromatographic (hplc) gradient elution program to separate i from the other major cannabinoids in marijuana smoke. to achieve the sensitivity required to detect i in human plasma following marijuana smoking, a mass spectrometric quantification method was developed to analyze the hplc eluant. to 1 ml of human plasma was ... | 1977 | 903863 |
| inhalation of tobacco and marijuana in dog over a period of 30 months: effect on body weight, food intake and organ weight. | the measures of body weight and food intake in marijuana or tobacco smoking dogs and a non-smoking control group show no significant change after 27 months of inhalation; except a slowing of weight gain during 9 months, in spite of increased food consumption at 3 months. during this period, the tobacco smokers ate much less and at the 9 th month only a significant slowing in weight gain was noted. at the end of the experiment, the organ weight/total weight ratio of these 3 groupes of dogs presen ... | 1976 | 935636 |
| chronic inhalation of marijuana and tobacco in dogs: pulmonary pathology. | the pulmonary effects of chronic marijuana (m) and tobacco (t) smoke inhalation were studied in adult female dogs. the smoke was inhaled through a tracheostomy tube: four cigarettes containing either tobacco (3.2 g/dog) or marijuana (3.0 g/dog) were used per day over 900 days. at autopsy, the pulmonary volume and alveolar surface of the t group had decreased, compared to controls (c) and the m group. the tracheostomy (tr) produced itself result in chiolitis; in order of severity the m group grea ... | 1976 | 940962 |
| high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of tobacco and marijuana sterols. | components of the sterol fraction of tobacco and marijauna were resolved as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography with glass capillary columns. ten phytosterols in tobacco and five in marijuana were identified by comparisons of their retention with authentic compounds on three different stationary phases and through mass-spectral data. | 1976 | 941185 |
| cannabinoid induced behavioral convulsions in rabbits. | a population of new zealand white rabbits has been found to exhibit behavioral convulsions when given low intravenous doses of psychoactive cannabinoids of marijuana. the behavioral convulsions decrease in severity and then disappear after the long-term administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. the extreme sensitivity of these rabbits to the stimulant action of cannabinoids suggests that the population might serve as a model in studies of the stimulant action of cannabinoids. | 1976 | 982057 |
| quantitation of cannabinoids in biological fluids by radioimmunoassay. | a tritium based radioimmunoassay for delta9thc and its metabolites has been developed for the use of investigators studying the epidemiological, medical, clinical, and research aspects of cannabis use. the assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect cannabinoids in the urine of marijuana smokers for several days after their last exposure to the drug. the results obtained from a 28 day study indicate that the assay reflects the administration and removal of oral doses of thc. the specificity of the ... | 1976 | 987538 |
| reproductive and teratologic studies with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and crude marijuana extract. | | 1976 | 996857 |
| effects of acute and chronic inhalation of hashish, marijuana, and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain electrical activity in man: evidence for tissue tolerance. | an eeg profile for cannabis preparations equated for delta 9-thc activity has been defined in occasional cannabis users in new york and in long-term, high-dose hashish users in athens. the eeg effects of enhanced alpha activity, decreased beta activity, and decreased mean frequency are dose dependent, both in intensity and in duration. the behavioral measures, particularly self-ratings of euphoria ("high" or "mastura") and heart rate, are also dose dependent and interrelated with the eeg measure ... | 1976 | 1071390 |
| marijuana and t lymphocyte rosettes. | the effect of marijuana smoking on sheep cell rosetting properties of both early (active) and total t lymphocytes was studied in vitro. significantly fewer active rosettes were formed by t cells from a population of 35 who appeared to be chronic marijuana smokers than the 34 controls. the late, or cold-enhanced rosettes formed by smokers and nonsmokers were similar, suggesting that similar numbers of rosette-forming t cells were present in the peripheral blood of smokers. these data suggest that ... | 1976 | 1083326 |
| marijuana smoking and reduced pressure in human eyes: drug action or epiphenomenon? | normal pressure within the human eye was reduced after smoking a socially relevant dose of marijuana (12 mg. delta9-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), but only for light to moderate users who experienced a substantial "high" and a state of peaceful relaxation from the experimental dose. analysis suggests an indirect effect of the drug associated with relaxation-a psychophysiologic state that can be produced by drug and nondrug means. | 1975 | 1089090 |
| letter: pulmonary aspergillosis, inhalation of contaminated marijuana smoke, chronic granulomatous disease. | | 1975 | 1094876 |
| effects of smoked marijuana in experimentally induced asthma. | after experimental induction of acute bronchospasm in 8 subjects with clinically stable bronchial asthma, effects of 500 mg of smoked marijuana (2.0 per cent delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) on specific airway conductance and thoracic gas volume were compared with those of 500 mg of smoked placebo marijuana (0.0 per cent delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol), 0.25 ml of aerosolized saline, and 0.25 ml of aerosolized isoproterenol (1,250 mug). bronchospasm was induced on 4 separate occasions, by inhalation of ... | 1975 | 1099949 |
| delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol,, euphoria and intraocular pressure in man. | delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), an active narcotic principle of marijuana, was solubilized and administered intravenously to two male volunteers. changes in intraocular pressure were recorded and compared to changes in the cortical effects of thc, as indicated by the subjects' report of degree of "high." the peak effect of thc on the central nervous system coincided well with the reduction of intraocular pressure induced by the drug; hypotony, however, outlasted euphoria. the results indica ... | 1975 | 1147519 |
| cardiovascular effects of prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion. | in contrast to the tachycardia and unchanged or increased blood pressure seen after single doses, prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) ingestion produced significant heart rate slowing and blood pressure lowering in hospitalized volunteers. impaired circulatory responses to standing, exercise, valsalva maneuver, and cold pressor testing suggest a state of sympathetic insufficiency. marked weight gain was observed in all subjects, which has been shown to be related to fluid retention and ... | 1975 | 1164818 |
| toxicity of marijuana and tobacco smoking in the beagle. | four cigarettes of marijuana or tobacco in the form of smoke inhaled into the trachea were administered to dogs daily over a period of nine months. marijuana caused a slowing of body weight gain. food consumption increased at first and was accompanied by diarrhea; then it decreased. this suggests a malabsorption of food or a more fundamental metabolic disturbance. the tobacco smoking group consumed much less food without showing any significant change in body weight gain in 3 and 6 months, but i ... | 1975 | 1165134 |
| on the legality of cannabis; the responsibility of the expert witness. | the controversy concerning the taxonomic status of the genus cannabis has now advanced to a stage where the forensic scientist has limitations to his testimony in identification of "marihuana" plant material in jurisdictions where the law defines "marihuana" as cannabis sativa l. whether the genus cannabis is monotypic or polytypic is as yet uncertain, but recent taxonomic reviews weigh heavily toward the existence of three or more species within the genus. the taxonomists or forensic scientists ... | 1975 | 1176918 |
| induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rat lung by marijuana smoke. | | 1975 | 1179429 |
| potential dangers of cannabis. | cannabis is not a harmless drug. the potential dangers of cannabis are briefly reviewed in this report. the above-mentioned observations on cannabis users should be kept in mind and carefully examined by all physicians. one could expect that as more potent cannabis preparations become available, some of the toxic manifestations which now seem rare might become more frequent. some of the remarks about the dangers of cannabis may not be proved in future studies, and they may represent only our anx ... | 1975 | 1181294 |
| marijuana and human performance. | | 1975 | 1205469 |
| gas chromatography/mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric studies of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco and marijuana smoke condensates. | | 1976 | 1247170 |
| a possible chemical basis for the higher mutagenicity of marijuana smoke as compared to tobacco smoke. | the results of comparative anslyses of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in marijuana and tobacco smoke indicate a considerably higher content of potential carcinogens in the former. a model experiment involving delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol suggests that the pyrolysis products of cannabinoids are major contributors to the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. | 1976 | 1253890 |
| cerebral and cerebellar neurochemical changes and behavioral manifestations in rats chronically exposed to marijuana smoke. | | 1976 | 1265760 |
| depression of growth hormone and cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia after prolonged oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration in man. | six hospitalized volunteer male subjects were given insulin, 0.15 u/kg, before and after 14 days of administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) at a dose of 210 mg/day. a diminished maximal serum human growth hormone (gh) increase followed the prolonged thc ingestion. the mean maximal gh response was: 52.6 ng/ml +/- 8.7 (+/-se) before thc and 18.8 ng/ml +/- 6.7 (+/-se) during thc, p less than 0.01; corresponding cortisol responses were 20.1 mug/dl +/- 3.0 before thc and 10.0 mug/dl +/- ... | 1976 | 1270583 |
| tolerance to the respiratory effects of marijuana in man. | the respiratory depressant effect of marijuana was studied by means of carbon dioxide respiratory response curves in eight healthy male subjects participating in a study of the effects of a 90-day ad libitum intoxication to marijuana. subjects were studied in the morning after refraining from marijuana use since the previous evening. respiratory response curves were done before smoking and at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after smoking two 900-mg cigarettes containing 2.2% delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. s ... | 1976 | 1271283 |
| drug use and anticipated parental reaction among rural school pupils in zimbabwe. | study participants included 285 secondary school pupils in zimbabwe who responded to a questionnaire assessing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, and anticipated parental reaction to the pupil's drug-taking behavior. results showed nearly 17% of the sample had used alcohol, 8% used tobacco, and 5% had used marijuana during the past seven days prior to questionnaire administration. results regarding intentions to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana in the future show pupils' interest highest in ... | 1992 | 1289658 |
| [epidemiology of alcohol and drug abuse in paraguay]. | the results of a prevalence study on use- and abuse- of psychoactive substances, among a population aged 12 to 45 in paraguay are presented. presence of the depressive syndrome as well as attitudes and beliefs related to the use of psychoactive substances were also investigated. a bilingual questionnaire was drafted--i.e. a spanish version and a guarani version due to the paraguayans' bilingual characteristic--that yielded acceptable validity and reliability levels. a stratified random sample wa ... | 1992 | 1305350 |
| enhanced growth of legionella pneumophila in tetrahydrocannabinol-treated macrophages. | legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that infects macrophages, both in vivo and in vitro. tetrahydrocannabinol is a major psychoactive component of marijuana and can affect the functional activity of macrophages. in the present study, it was found that the treatment of macrophage cultures from permissive a/j mice with thc enhanced the growth of legionella in these cells. legionella grew much better in macrophages treated with low doses of thc, which caused no alterat ... | 1992 | 1309398 |
| delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses macrophage extrinsic antiherpesvirus activity. | the effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, on macrophage intrinsic and extrinsic antiherpesvirus activities was examined. thc had no effect on the capacity of the macrophage-like cells raw264.7, j774a.1, and p388d1 to take up virus. in addition, replication of virus within macrophages did not occur regardless of drug treatment, indicating that thc had no effect on macrophage intrinsic antiviral activity. in contrast, the cannabinoid exerted a ... | 1992 | 1311105 |
| the human toxicity of marijuana. | the pathophysiological effects of marijuana smoke and its constituent cannabinoids were reported first from in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies. marijuana smoke is mutagenic in the ames test and in tissue culture and cannabinoids inhibit biosynthesis of macromolecules. in animals, marijuana or delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the intoxicating material it contains, produces symptoms of neurobehavioural toxicity, disrupts all phases of gonadal or reproductive function, and is fetotoxic. s ... | 1992 | 1313532 |
| cannabinoids inhibit n-type calcium channels in neuroblastoma-glioma cells. | the psychoactive properties of cannabis sativa and its major biologically active constituent, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, have been known for years. the recent identification and cloning of a specific cannabinoid receptor suggest that cannabinoids mimic endogenous compounds affecting neural signals for mood, memory, movement, and pain. using whole-cell voltage clamp and the cannabinomimetic aminoalkylindole win 55,212-2, we have found that cannabinoid receptor activation reduces the amplitude ... | 1992 | 1315042 |
| effects of cannabinoids and cocaine on the mitogen-induced transformations of lymphocytes of human and mouse origins. | the effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (d9thc), delta 6-tetrahydrocannabinol (d6thc), and cocaine on the mitogen-induced transformations of lymphocytes of human and mouse origins were examined in an in vitro system. none of the three compounds is mitogenic in nature. the effects of the two components of marijuana on the mitogen-induced transformation are biphasic. both compounds stimulated the lymphocyte transformation at low concentrations and inhibited mitogenesis at high concentrations. ... | 1992 | 1316319 |
| delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol decreases cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity to herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, on t lymphocyte functional competence against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) infection. spleen cells from c3h/hej (h-2k) mice primed with hsv1 and exposed to delta 9-thc were examined for anti-hsv1 cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. flow cytometry was used to determine whether delta 9-thc altered t cytotoxic (lyt-2+) and t helper (l3t4+) lympho ... | 1992 | 1319584 |
| reinforcing and subjective effects of oral delta 9-thc and smoked marijuana in humans. | the reinforcing and subjective effects of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and smoked marijuana were studied in two groups of regular marijuana users. one group (n = 10) was tested with smoked marijuana and the other (n = 11) with oral thc. reinforcing effects were measured with a discrete-trial choice procedure which allowed subjects to choose between the self-administration of active drug or placebo on two independent occasions. subjective effects and heart rate were measured before and ... | 1992 | 1319601 |
| cannabinoid agonists stimulate both receptor- and non-receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways in cells transfected with and expressing cannabinoid receptor clones. | the physiologic activity of (-)-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the most active component of marijuana, and of many synthetic cannabimimetics may be mediated either through receptor binding and functional coupling to specific signal transduction pathways or through nonspecific interaction with cell membrane components. the cloning of the human and rat cannabinoid receptors has provided the opportunity to investigate the binding properties and signal transduction pathways directly associated with t ... | 1992 | 1331766 |
| [marijuana and reproduction. effects on puberty and gestation in female rats. experimental results]. | the main psychoactive component of marihuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiol (thc), was investigated at low doses (1 microgram/kg/day) on the onset of puberty, on the reproductive functions in female rats up to the seventy fifth to eightieth day of life as well as during the pregnancy. the administration of thc caused a delay of the onset of puberty, and the number of ova on the day of first estrus was significantly lower in treated animals. after puberty, alterations occurred in the neuroendocrine ... | 1992 | 1332574 |
| maternal marijuana smoking alters respiratory timing in the fetal lamb. | the effect of single and repeated maternal marijuana smoke exposure on fetal breathing movements (fbms) was investigated in 13 fetal lambs in the third trimester. these animals were surgically instrumented for long-term intrauterine recording of diaphragmatic electromyogram (emg). maternal inhalation of marijuana smoke [1.84% tetrahydrocannabinol (thc)] increased fbms and resulted in a more continuous and regular breathing pattern. there was a significant increase in the number of breaths/h (p < ... | 1992 | 1335578 |
| blood cannabinoids. i. absorption of thc and formation of 11-oh-thc and thccooh during and after smoking marijuana. | delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the primary psychoactive constituent of marijuana, is rapidly transferred from lungs to blood during smoking. oxidative metabolism of thc yields the active metabolite, 11-hydroxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-oh-thc), and the inactive metabolite, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thccooh). characterization of thc's absorption phase is important because of the rapidity with which thc penetrates the central nervous system to produce psychoactive ... | 1992 | 1338215 |
| effect of chronic substance abuse on the neuropsychological performance of intravenous drug users with a high prevalence of hiv-1 seropositivity. | limited data are available on cognitive performance in populations of intravenous drug users during the early, asymptomatic stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. between 1988 and 1990, 151 participants from the aids link to intravenous experience (alive) study in baltimore, maryland, were evaluated neuropsychologically on a semiannual basis. this analysis focused on whether history of substance abuse influenced neuropsychological test performance. at baseline, 102 part ... | 1992 | 1362630 |
| [abuse of cannabis preparations]. | the author reviews the basic features, nature of action and the effects of the canabis drugs (hashish and marijuana) on human organism. the review starts with the well known fact that these kinds of drugs are the oldest ones and the most widely known to the civilization. it reviews in details very wide effects of the canabis drugs on the mental functions as well as the clinical expression of that action, where the basic mechanisms dominate: euphorogenic, sedative and psychodelic. with a detailed ... | 1991 | 1366331 |
| user reports of problems associated with alcohol and marijuana. | a general population sample of 5126 new zealanders aged 15-45 in two regions was surveyed to determine their use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. self-reported problems were recorded on identical scales for alcohol and marijuana in order to make a direct comparison between alcohol and marijuana-related problems. the results suggest that alcohol-related problems were more common than marijuana-related ones in the general population, reflecting the fact that alcohol use was ... | 1992 | 1392551 |
| a profile of young adolescents attending a teen family planning clinic. | the purpose of this study was to assess the client records of adolescents attending a teen family planning clinic to determine the reported episodes of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual abuse, alcohol and drug use, and other dysfunctional situations in the family. in addition, information about the initiation of sexual activity and sexual partners was assessed in the record review. data were obtained from a county health department located in a metropolitan area of a southeastern state. a re ... | 1992 | 1414575 |
| hostility and health behaviors in young adults: the cardia study. coronary artery risk development in young adults study. | hostility has been associated with coronary heart disease mortality. to assess possible mechanisms linking hostility to coronary heart disease risk, the authors conducted analyses in a cross-sectional study from data collected in 1985 and 1986 on 5,115 young adults, aged 18-30 years, black and white, male and female, in four large urban areas of the united states. the results show that higher levels of hostility as determined by the cook-medley hostility scale were strongly associated with tobac ... | 1992 | 1415137 |
| comparison of drug use rates for reservation indian, non-reservation indian and anglo youth. | rates of drug use and involvement were compared for three groups: indian youth living on reservations, indian youth living off reservations and anglo youth. a consistent pattern emerged, showing the lowest rates of use among anglo youth, higher rates among non-reservation indian youth, and the highest rates among indian youth on reservations. rates of tobacco use, both smoked and smokeless, and marijuana use are especially high for indian youth. indian youth also show a pattern of earlier initia ... | 1992 | 1420537 |
| acute effects of marijuana on cognition: relationships to chronic effects and smoking techniques. | a double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed acute effects on human cognition of marijuana smoking involving long or short durations of inhalation and breath holding. during eight test sessions, 48 adult, male volunteers completed standardized, pencil-and-paper tests of educational development and ability, as well as computerized tests of learning, associative processes, abstraction, and psychomotor performance. marijuana impaired all capabilities except abstraction and vocabulary. these im ... | 1992 | 1448485 |
| patterns and predictors of simultaneous and concurrent use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and hallucinogens in first-year college students. | polydrug use produces important health and safety risks. little research has examined whether multiple drugs are used simultaneously (at the same time or in close temporal sequence). instead, researchers have assessed concurrent polydrug use (the use of multiple drugs within a given time period such as years or months). the research here examined patterns and predictors of both simultaneous and concurrent polydrug use in 575 first-year college students. both concurrent and simultaneous polydrug ... | 1992 | 1458048 |