| chloroplast dna of black pine retains a residual inverted repeat lacking rrna genes: nucleotide sequences of trnq, trnk, psba, trni and trnh and the absence of rps16. | a physical map of black pine (pinus thunbergii) chloroplast dna (120 kb) was constructed and two separate portions of its nucleotide sequence were determined. one portion contains trnq-uug, orf510, orf83, trnk-uuu (orf515 in the trnk intron), orf22, psba, trni-cau (on the opposing strand) and trnh-gug, in that order. sequence analysis of another portion revealed the presence of a 495 bp inverted repeat containing trni-cau and the 3' end of psba but lacking rrna genes. the position of trni-cau is ... | 1992 | 1557027 |
| structure of the pine (pinus thunbergii) chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene expressed in the absence of light. | a gene for chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) of pine (pinus thumbergii) was isolated and sequenced. the gene (cab-6) contains an intron at a position equivalent to the type ii cab genes of angiosperms. transcript mapping analyses show that the amount of the mrna in the dark is about half of that in the light. the cab-6 gene is expressed in dark-grown seedlings at a very high level, differing from angiosperm cab genes which are induced by light. the cab-6 gene typifies the coniferous plant ca ... | 1992 | 1623190 |
| [studies on the constituents of pinus densiflora sieb. et zucc. leaves. ii. on the ethanol-extractable amino acids compared with pinus thunbergii parl. leaves]. | in order to identify the constituents of ethanol-extractable amino acids (free amino acids) from pinus densiflora sieb. et zucc. and pinus thunbergii parl. leaves, analytical studies were performed by the use of high performance liquid chromatography. according to the results obtained, 29 amino acids in pinus densiflora (the tree aged 3), 27 amino acids in pinus thunbergii (the tree aged 3) and 25 amino acids in both pine (the tree aged 25) were confirmed. the total amounts of free amino acids i ... | 1989 | 2746471 |
| polymorphic simple sequence repeat regions in chloroplast genomes: applications to the population genetics of pines. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs), consisting of tandemly repeated multiple copies of mono-, di-, tri-, or tetranucleotide motifs, are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and are frequently used as genetic markers, taking advantage of their length polymorphism. we have examined the polymorphism of such sequences in the chloroplast genomes of plants, by using a pcr-based assay. genbank searches identified the presence of several (da)n.(dt)n mononucleotide stretches in chloroplast genomes. a chloroplast ... | 1995 | 7644491 |
| evolution of the nh2- and cooh-terminal extensions of chloroplast ribosomal protein s18. nucleotide sequence of pea and rye chloroplast rps 18 genes. | an unusual, variably repeated heptapeptide motif is present in most chloroplast ribosomal protein s18 sequences (weglöhner and subramanian, febs lett. 269, 193-197, 1991), whereas it is absent in bacterial, cyanelle, and in the chloroplast s18 of the lower plant liverwort. in order to understand the evolution of this higher plant-specific motif, we have cloned and sequenced chloroplast rps18 genes from pea, a dicot plant of the large legume family and rye, a monocot plant with temperature-sensit ... | 1995 | 7663430 |
| loss of all ndh genes as determined by sequencing the entire chloroplast genome of the black pine pinus thunbergii. | the complete nucleotide sequence (119,707 bp) of the black pine (pinus thunbergii) chloroplast genome has been determined. it contains 4 rrna genes and 32 trna genes. to our knowledge, the trnapro (ggg) gene has not been found in any other chloroplast genome analyzed. sixty-one genes encoding proteins and 11 conserved open reading frames are also found. extensive rearrangements are apparent in the chloroplast genome relative to those of other land plants. the most striking feature is the loss of ... | 1994 | 7937893 |
| a new gene encoding trna(pro) (ggg) is present in the chloroplast genome of black pine: a compilation of 32 trna genes from black pine chloroplasts. | the chloroplast genome of black pine (pinus thunbergii), a gymnosperm, contains 32 different trna genes, 30 of which correspond to those previously identified in tobacco and rice chloroplast genomes. two additional genes encode trna(pro) (ggg) and trna(arg) (ccg); the former is newly identified while the latter is present in liverwort, physcomitrella patens and angiopteris lygodiifolia, chloroplast genomes. moreover, a partial copy of the split trna(gly) (ucc) gene and full copies of trna(his) ( ... | 1994 | 8001170 |
| chloroplastic genomes of ginkgo biloba and chlamydomonas moewusii contain a chlb gene encoding one subunit of a light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase. | we have cloned and sequenced a chlamydomonas moewusii chloroplastic dna fragment that includes a 563 amino-acid open reading frame (orf563, chlb) presenting 89% amino-acid homology with orf513 from marchantia polymorpha. it is also homologous to orf510 from pinus thunbergii but includes two insertions absent in both m. polymorphia and p. thunbergii. the derived polypeptide is 54% similar to the product of bchb from rhodobacter capsulatus, identified as one subunit of a light-independent nadh-pro ... | 1994 | 8001171 |
| the presence of two types of gene that encode the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (lhcpii) and their light-independent expression in pine (pinus thunbergii). | a cdna clone (ppdlhc3117) for lhcpii of pine (pinus thunbergii) was isolated and sequenced. from a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of proteins from other seed plants, ppdlhc3117 was identified as encoding a type i lhcpii. specific probes for genes for type i and type ii lhcpii were made from ppdlhc3117 and a type ii cdna (ppdlhc2176), respectively. northern blotting with the specific probes showed that both types of lhcpii were expressed in dark-grown seedlings of pine. | 1993 | 8019784 |
| creation of a novel protein-coding region at the rna level in black pine chloroplasts: the pattern of rna editing in the gymnosperm chloroplast is different from that in angiosperms. | the phenomenon of rna editing has been found to occur in chloroplasts of several angiosperm plants. comparative analysis of the entire nucleotide sequence of a gymnosperm [pinus thunbergii (black pine)] chloroplast genome allowed us to predict several potential editing sites in its transcripts. forty-nine such sites from 14 genes/orfs were analyzed by sequencing both cdnas from the transcripts and the corresponding chloroplast dna regions, and 26 rna editing sites were identified in the transcri ... | 1996 | 8710946 |
| [the constituents of taxillus kaempferi and the host, pinus thunbergii. i. catechins and flavones of taxillus kaempferi]. | four flavonoid compounds, avicularin (1), hyperin (2), quercitrin (3), taxillusin (4), were isolated from leaves of taxillus kaempferi, and three catechin compounds, (+)-catechin (6), procyanidin b-1 (7), procyanidin b-3 (8), showing a reddish purple color on the reaction with ehrlich reagent, were also isolated from the stems. each of these seven isolated compounds were identified by comparing the spectral data with those of the references. compound 8 was examined to substantiate the stereochem ... | 1996 | 8717281 |
| accumulation of benzoic acid in suspension cultured cells of pinus thunbergii parl. in response to phenylacetic acid administration. | the generation and accumulation of both benzoic acid (ba) and its conjugates were induced in suspension cultured cells of pinus thunbergii by administering either phenylacetic acid (pa), a toxic metabolite of bacillus cereus (strain hy-3) accompanying the pine wood nematode, or a lyophilized culture supernatant of this bacterium. ba conjugates reached their maximal levels in quantity two days after the administration and then decreased gradually until the 14th day, while ba increased significant ... | 1996 | 8987587 |
| benzoic acid accumulation in the pinus thunbergii callus inoculated with the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | phenylacetic acid (pa), a phytotoxic product of the bacteria accompanying the virulent nematode isolate okd-3 was detected in the callus of pinus thunbergii after inoculation with the nematode. the amount of pa detected was large enough to induced the formation and accumulation of benzoic acid (ba) and its conjugates in the callus. these results further support the hypotheses that pa is the pathogenic toxin and that the pa-producing bacterial strains accompanying the pathogenic nematode are the ... | 1997 | 9232890 |
| characterisation and inheritance of polymorphic plastid microsatellites in abies. | two polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and sequenced in the genus abies, using primer pairs derived from chloroplast simple sequence repeats (ssrs) of pinus thunbergii. pcr products exhibited considerable length variation among six different abies species and within abies alba. f1 progeny of both an interspecific and an intraspecific reciprocal cross confirmed that the two ssrs were predominantly paternally inherited. the maternal size variant predominantly occurred in the megagamet ... | 1997 | 9449797 |
| selection on the codon bias of chloroplast and cyanelle genes in different plant and algal lineages. | in the plant chloroplast genome the codon usage of the highly expressed psba gene is unique and is adapted to the trna population, probably due to selection for translation efficiency. in this study the role of selection on codon usage in each of the fully sequenced chloroplast genomes, in addition to chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is investigated by measuring adaptation to this pattern of codon usage. a method is developed which tests selection on each gene individually by constructing sequences wi ... | 1998 | 9541540 |
| [dispersal of pollen and the variation in number of patients prescribed medicine for allergies in otaru]. | the number of patients prescribed medicine for allergies increased in may and september. therefore, we suspected that the cause for the increase was pollen. many kinds of pollen occur in otaru, such as alder in april, japanese black pine, white birch, acacia, larch in may, oak in june, and mugwort in september. the total number of pollen count of white birch was about 9 times that of mugwort, but the total number of patients prescribed celestamine in the season of white birch pollen was about 0. ... | 1999 | 10198596 |
| development of a water-soluble preparation of emamectin benzoate and its preventative effect against the wilting of pot-grown pine trees inoculated with the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | water-soluble preparations have been investigated to develop a trunk injection agent based on the poorly water-soluble anti-nematode emamectin benzoate. following tests on the phytotoxicity of some solvents and solubilizers and demonstration of the ability of some solubilizers to dissolve emamectin benzoate in water, acetone + methanol was selected as the solvent and polysorbate 80 as the solubilizer. this water-soluble preparation of emamectin benzoate prevented the wilting of pot-grown 4-year- ... | 2001 | 11374165 |
| diversity and genetic structure in populations of pseudotsuga menziesii (pinaceae) at chloroplast microsatellite loci. | genetic variation was compared between uniparentally-inherited (chloroplast simple sequence repeats, cpssrs) vs. biparentally-inherited (isozyme and random amplified polymorphic dna, rapd) genetic markers in douglas-fir (pseudotsuga mensiezii) from british columbia. three-hundred twenty-three individuals from 11 populations were assayed. in douglas-fir, the cpssr primer sites were well-conserved relative to pinus thunbergii (11 of 17 loci clearly amplified), but only 3 loci were appreciably poly ... | 2001 | 11444691 |
| inhibition of the light-independent synthesis of chlorophyll in pine cotyledons at low temperature. | cotyledons of japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) were yellow when they developed in darkness at 8 degrees c since the light-independent synthesis of chlorophyll was almost completely inhibited in these cotyledons. the level of chlorophyll in dark-grown cotyledons was less than one-twentieth of that in light-grown cotyledons at the same temperature. in the yellow cotyledons, levels of transcripts of cab, rbcs, rbcl and psba genes were quite high. the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-b ... | 2001 | 11522914 |
| [influence of thinning on regeneration in a coastal pinus thunbergii forest]. | a coastal forest planted nearby the sea can provide many shelter benefits for the coastal regions. it is ideally if the continuity of the shelter benefits could be preserved through reasonable management. thinning and regeneration as the most important management techniques for plantations can help the continuity of the shelter benefits of the coastal forest. however, because of the peculiarities of coastal forest, i.e., the coastal plantation nearby the sea is vulnerable to disturbances (thinni ... | 2002 | 12624984 |
| analysis of the amborella trichopoda chloroplast genome sequence suggests that amborella is not a basal angiosperm. | phylogenetic analyses based on comparison of a limited number of genes recently suggested that amborella trichopoda is the most ancient angiosperm. here we present the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of this plant. it does not display any of the genes characteristic of chloroplast dna of the gymnosperm pinus thunbergii (chlb, chll, chln, psam, and ycf12). the majority of phylogenetic analyses of protein-coding genes of this chloroplast dna suggests that amborella is not the basal ang ... | 2003 | 12832641 |
| early response of pinus thunbergii to acute gamma-irradiation. | | 1964 | 14228890 |
| the sugars in the seeds and seedlings of pinus thunbergii. | | 1951 | 14904042 |
| relationship between canopy depth and other dimensions of coastal pinus thunbergii parlat. forests in japan. | the relationship between canopy depth and other dimensions of coastal pinus thunbergii parlat. forests was analyzed from data for 29 stands using a mathematical model describing canopy depth. the model was derived from the relationship between mean diameter at breast height (d) and mean tree height (h). maximum mean tree height (h(max)), which was calculated as h(max) = ad(b) where a and b are parameters, approximated the upper 95 percentile of h for a given d. maximum canopy depth (l(cmax)) was ... | 1990 | 14972926 |
| analysis of gymnosperm two-ap2-domain-containing genes. | aintegumenta (ant) and apetala2 (ap2) are transcription factors that are involved in several developmental processes in arabidopsis thaliana. they are similar in structure, containing two ap2 domains, and have partially redundant functions in reproductive organ development. expression and functional analyses of ant and ap2 homologs have been performed previously in almost all angiosperms. in this study, one ant homolog and two ap2 homologs were isolated from the gymnosperm pinus thunbergii and w ... | 2004 | 14986134 |
| identification of aflp markers linked to a resistance gene against pine needle gall midge in japanese black pine. | bulked segregant and aflp analyses of two mapping populations (r17 x s6 and r17 x s1) were used to identify markers linked to rpgm, the only known gene responsible for resistance to pine needle gall midge in pinus thunbergii parl. rpgm was found to be bracketed by accc/ccttt(190) on one side at a distance of 6.6 cm and acgt/cccgc(250) at 15.3 cm on the other side. the segregation of these markers was analyzed in two other families in order to determine their phase and transferability. one of the ... | 2004 | 15067405 |
| growth reduction of the japanese black pine corresponding to an air pollution episode. | changes of tree-ring widths of japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii parl.) trees growing in air-polluted and unpolluted areas were analyzed. in the stand close to an industrial complex, a large reduction in the series of tree-ring index (tri), which were computed by removing endogenous effects from the measured series, appeared from the 1960s to 1970s. this reduction in radial tree growth was not explained by the climatic response model calibrated for a pre-pollution period. tri changes corresp ... | 1999 | 15093053 |
| [bioinformatics studies on photosynthetic system genes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts]. | this study compared homology of base sequences in genes encoding photosynthetic system proteins of cyanobacteria (synechocystics sp. pcc6803, nostoc sp. pcc7120) with these of chloroplasts (from marchantia polymorpha, nicotiana tobacum, oryza sativ, euglena gracilis, pinus thunbergii, zea mays, odentella sinesis, cyanophora paradoxa, porphyra purpurea and arabidopsis thaliana) by blast method. while the gene sequence of synechocystics sp. pcc6803 was considered as the criterion (100%) the homolo ... | 2004 | 15490883 |
| potential tree species for use in the restoration of unsanitary landfills. | given that they represent the most economical option for disposing of refuse, waste landfills are widespread in urban areas. however, landfills generate air and water pollution and require restoration for landscape development. a number of unsanitary waste landfills have caused severe environmental problems in developing countries. this study aimed to investigate the colonization status of different tree species on waste landfills to assess their potential for restoring unsanitary landfills in s ... | 2005 | 16132448 |
| [effects of pine wood nematode on propagation of its carrying bacteria]. | in this paper, the aseptic eggs of bursaphelenchus xylophilus were obtained after treated with 30% h202, and cultured with pinus thunbergii callus. ten b. xylophilus-carrying bacterial strains directly isolated from diseased p. thugbergii and p. massoniana in six epidemic provinces i.e., gcm6-2a pseudomonas putida, gcm6-1a p. putida, zpb1-2a p. putida, hem2a pseudomonas sp., hem1a pseudomonas sp., hem142b pseudomonas sp., gcm1-3a p. cepacia and hm3 pantoeu sp., zpb4-2b staphylococcus sciuri and ... | 2005 | 16515211 |
| red-far red reversible effect on polysome formation in the embryos of pinus thunbergii seeds. | polysome formation in the embryos of pinus thunbergii seeds was studied. free ribosomes were dissociated to smaller subunits in a high salt buffer, but the complex ribosomes were not. the free ribosomes could be distinguished from monomer ribosomes derived from polysomes after rnase treatment. the monomer ribosomes present in the embryos of the dark-imbibed seeds were predominantly free ribosomes; very small quantities of polysomes could be detected in the embryos from dark-imbibed seeds. such p ... | 1975 | 16659383 |
| light-independent expression of cab and rbcs genes in dark-grown pine seedlings. | in angiosperms, light has been shown to induce the expression of cab and rbcs genes, which encode the apoprotein of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (lhcp) and the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), respectively. by contrast, chlorophylls are synthesized in the cotyledons of pine seedlings even if seeds are germinated in the dark. we have examined the expression of cab and rbcs genes in the cotyledons of pine (pinus thunbergii) seedlings g ... | 1991 | 16667994 |
| biochemical characteristics of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts of dark-grown pine cotyledons. | japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) cotyledons were found to synthesize chlorophylls in complete darkness during germination, although the synthesis was not as great as that in the light. the compositions of thylakoid components in plastids of cotyledons grown in the dark and light were compared using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of polypeptides and spectroscopic determination of membrane redox components. all thylakoid membrane proteins found in preparat ... | 1992 | 16668641 |
| [electroantennogram and behavioral responses of monochamus alternatus to the volatiles from pinus thunbergii with different physiological status]. | the volatiles from healthy and pinewood nematode-infested branches of pinus thunbergii were collected by distillation, and analyzed by using hplc and gc-ms. electroantennogram (eag) and behavioral responses of monochamus alternatus with different physiological status to the volatiles were investigated respectively. the results showed that unmated beetle had a greater eag response potential to the volatiles from healthy branch than to those from infested branch, while it was reverse for mated bee ... | 2006 | 16964943 |
| [effects of different removal disturbance intensity on plant diversity of bursaphelenchus xylophilus-invaded masson pine community]. | the study on the plant diversity of bursaphelenchus xylophilus-invaded masson pine community under effects of different removal disturbance intensity showed that the species diversity indices (richness, shannon-wiener index and evenness) of arbor layer decreased in the sequence of broad-leaved stand after the removal of all infected pine trees in the pure pine stand in fuyang > lightly infected masson pine - schima superba mixed stand in fuyang > uninfected stand mixture of masson pine and casta ... | 2006 | 17044484 |
| [three-dimensional spatial distribution patterns of monochamus alternatus and its natural enemy dastarcus helophoroides]. | in 2003 to approximately 2005, the monochamus alternatus-infected pinus thunbergii, p. massoniana and p. elliotii in pure and mixed forests were selected as attractants and dissected with one meter section manner, and five aggregation indices were used to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of m. alternatus and its natural enemy dastarcus helophoroides. the results showed that m. alternatus and d. helophoroides had the horizontal distribution indices of diffused coefficient c > 1, diffused ... | 2006 | 17066721 |
| does ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure vary along a japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) to black locust (robinia pseudoacacia) gradient? | in this study we examined the role of the nitrogen-fixing tree, robinia pseudoacacia (black locust), in ectomycorrhizal (ecm) formation and ecm community of pinus thunbergii (japanese black pine) seedlings. two 200 m(2) experimental plots were established at the border between a japanese black pine- and a black locust-dominated area in a coastal forest. the ecm fungal community of pine seedlings was examined by pcr-rflp and sequence analysis. we analyzed the relationship between ecm formation, e ... | 2007 | 17204079 |
| phylogenetic diversity of acidophilic sporoactinobacteria isolated from various soils. | spore forming actinobacteria (sporoactinobacteria) isolated from soils with an acidic ph in pinus thunbergii forests and coal mine waste were subjected to taxonomic characterization. for the isolation of acidophilic actinobacteria, acidified starch casein agar (ph adjusted to 4-5) was used. the numbers of actinobacteria growing in acidic media were between 3.2 x 10(4) and 8.0 x 10(6) cfu/g soil. forty three acidophilic actinobacterial strains were isolated and their 16s rdna sequences were deter ... | 2006 | 17205037 |
| a database of pcr primers for the chloroplast genomes of higher plants. | chloroplast genomes evolve slowly and many primers for pcr amplification and analysis of chloroplast sequences can be used across a wide array of genera. in some cases 'universal' primers have been designed for the purpose of working across species boundaries. however, the essential information on these primer sequences is scattered throughout the literature. | 2007 | 17326828 |
| correlation between acoustic emission, water status and xylem embolism in pine wilt disease. | the occurrence of cavitation events and embolism during the latent, early stage and the late developmental stages of pine wilt disease was monitored nondestructively by acoustic emission (ae) and high-resolution magnetic resonance microscopy, respectively, and the results were compared with changes in leaf water potential and stem thickness. in the latent stage of the disease, when no embolisms were observed, cavitation events were detected by ae during the daytime in water-stressed japanese bla ... | 2007 | 17403649 |
| bipolar incompatibility system of an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete, rhizopogon rubescens. | the mating systems of most ectomycorrhizal fungi have not been elucidated because of two reasons. one is the difficulty of obtaining homokaryotic isolates for mating tests caused by the low germination rate of basidiospores, and another is the difficulty of checking dikaryotization caused by the absence or inconsistent production of clamp connections on heterokaryotic mycelia under laboratory conditions. basidiospore germination of a few ectomycorrhizal fungi has been induced by living roots of ... | 2008 | 18320240 |
| aintegumenta homolog expression in gnetum (gymnosperms) and implications for the evolution of ovulate axes in seed plants. | the expression of gpantl1, a homolog of aintegumenta (ant) found in the gymnosperm gnetum parvifolium, was analyzed by rt-pcr and in situ hybridization. gpantl1 was expressed in the leaf primordia, root tips, and young ovules. in the ovulate axis, expression was detected as four distinct rings around the outer, middle, and inner envelope primordia as well as around the nucellar tip. this pattern of expression is similar to that of ant in arabidopsis thaliana. a comparison of the expression of gp ... | 2008 | 18460090 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the cryptomeria japonica d. don. chloroplast genome and comparative chloroplast genomics: diversified genomic structure of coniferous species. | the recent determination of complete chloroplast (cp) genomic sequences of various plant species has enabled numerous comparative analyses as well as advances in plant and genome evolutionary studies. in angiosperms, the complete cp genome sequences of about 70 species have been determined, whereas those of only three gymnosperm species, cycas taitungensis, pinus thunbergii, and pinus koraiensis have been established. the lack of information regarding the gene content and genomic structure of gy ... | 2008 | 18570682 |
| epipactis helleborine shows strong mycorrhizal preference towards ectomycorrhizal fungi with contrasting geographic distributions in japan. | epipactis helleborine (l.) crantz, one of the most widespread orchid species, occurs in a broad range of habitats. this orchid is fully myco-heterotrophic in the germination stage and partially myco-heterotrophic in the adult stage, suggesting that a mycorrhizal partner is one of the key factors that determines whether e. helleborine successfully colonizes a specific environment. we focused on the coastal habitat of japanese e. helleborine and surveyed the mycorrhizal fungi from geographically d ... | 2008 | 18661158 |
| soil nutrient bioavailability and nutrient content of pine trees (pinus thunbergii) in areas impacted by acid deposition in korea. | acid deposition has caused detrimental effects on tree growth near industrial areas of the world. preliminary work has indicated that concentrations of no(3-), so(4)(2-), f( - ) and al in soil solutions were 2 to 33 times higher in industrial areas compared to non-industrial areas in korea. this study evaluated soil nutrient bioavailability and nutrient contents of red pine (pinus thunbergii) needles in forest soils of industrial and non-industrial areas of korea. results confirm that forest soi ... | 2009 | 18758977 |
| [influences of pine needles physiological properties on the pah accumulation]. | the lipid contents, specific surface areas and stomata density of two kinds of pine (cedrus deodar and pinus thunbergii) needles were determined simultaneously with the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the influences of the physiological properties of two species on the accumulation of pahs in pine needles were investigated. the pah concentrations in cedrus deodar needles are higher than that in pinus thunbergii needles, and the average total pah concentrations (pahs) in two sp ... | 2008 | 18828394 |
| use of magnetic resonance microscopy for the nondestructive observation of xylem cavitation caused by pine wilt disease. | abstract the development of xylem cavitation caused by pine wilt disease was visualized nondestructively with a compact magnetic resonance (mr) microscope system. a t(1)-weighted spin-echo sequence clearly visualized the water-filled xylem of japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) as white zones, whereas cavitated xylem was represented as dark areas. cavitated areas in the xylem were first observed 6 to 9 days after inoculation with the pinewood nematode (bursaphelenchus xylophilus), and enlarge ... | 2005 | 18943004 |
| distribution of ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi in soil along a vegetational change from japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) to black locust (robinia pseudoacacia). | the nitrogen-fixing tree black locust (robinia pseudoacacia l.) seems to affect ectomycorrhizal (ecm) colonization and disease severity of japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii parl.) seedlings. we examined the effect of black locust on the distribution of ecm and pathogenic fungi in soil. dna was extracted from soil at depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm, collected from the border between a japanese black pine- and a black locust-dominated forest, and the distribution of these fungi was investigated by d ... | 2009 | 19015894 |
| comparative studies between portuguese and japanese isolates of the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | comparative studies between portuguese (t and hf) and japanese (s10, t4, c14-5 and okd-1) isolates of the pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus have been made in order to provide information to better understand the possible origin of the portuguese isolates, recently introduced in the european union. the main comparative aspects investigated were pathogenicity (seedling mortality ratio), sexual compatibility, and dna sequences of the rdna region. four-year-old japanese black pine (pinus ... | 2006 | 19259459 |
| two cyclic dipeptides from pseudomonas fluorescens gcm5-1a carried by the pine wood nematode and their toxicities to japanese black pine suspension cells and seedlings in vitro. | pseudomonas fluorescens gcm5-1a, isolated from the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was cultured in luria broth medium (lb). the clarified culture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and two dipeptides were purified from the extract. the chemical structures of 1 and 2 were identified as cyclo(-pro-val-)and cyclo(-pro-tyr-), respectively, by ms, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr,(1)h-(1)h cosy, 1h -(13)c cosy spectra. bioassay results showed that the two compounds were toxic to both suspensi ... | 2007 | 19259494 |
| change in water status of pinus thunbergii parl. inoculated with species of bursaphelenchus. | maximum and minimum xylem pressure potentials of needles were measured to evaluate water status of pinus thunbergii parl. after inoculation with the virulent or avirulent populations of bursaphelenchus xylophilus or b. mucronatus. in virulent b. xylophilus-inoculated pines, the water status changed abruptly and needle chlorosis occurred by day 29 after inoculation. similar changes were not seen in b. mucronatus-inoculated and uninoculated control pines. oleoresin flow ceased in virulent b. xylop ... | 1990 | 19287700 |
| decline and death of pinus spp. in delaware caused by bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | etiological studies to determine the cause of decline and death of pinus spp. in delaware were initiated in 1980. the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was found to be the major canse of mortality in japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii). when inoculated into healthy 5-yr-old japanese black pines, b. xylophilus produced typical decline symptoms observed in the field. the xylophilous fungi most often associated with declining trees, rhizosphaera pini, fusarium spp., and pestalotia f ... | 1982 | 19295726 |
| distribution of pahs in pine (pinus thunbergii) needles and soils correlates with their gas-particle partitioning. | pine (pinus thunbergii) needles and surface soils were simultaneously sampled at 35 sites across liaoning province, china, to investigate the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the two media. we hypothesized that the distribution of pahs in soils and pine needles was related to the subcooled liquid vapor pressure (p(o)l) and the gas-particle partition coefficient (kp), since soils accumulate pahs mainly through dry/wet deposition of particles and pine needles sequester pa ... | 2009 | 19350900 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with pinus thunbergii in the eastern coastal pine forests of korea. | we investigated the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungal colonization status of pinus thunbergii mature trees and regenerating seedlings varying in age in coastal pine forests on the east coast of korea. we established one 20 x 20-m plot at each of two study sites at p. thunbergii coastal forests in samcheok. fifty soil blocks (5 x 5 x 15 cm) were sampled at regular intervals, and ten p. thunbergii seedlings of age 0, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 years were sampled in each study plot. in total of 27 ecm fungal ta ... | 2009 | 19557441 |
| cloning and expression of a toxin gene from pseudomonas fluorescens gcm5-1a. | pseudomonas fluorescens gcm5-1a was isolated from the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, obtained from wilted japanese black pine, pinus thumbergii, in china. in this paper, a genomic library of the gcm5-1a strain was constructed and a toxin-producing clone was isolated by bioassay. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,290 bp encoding a protein of 429 amino acids with n-terminal putative signal peptide of 36 amino acids, which shared a similarity of ... | 2010 | 20495785 |
| volatile compounds and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of the needles of pinus densiflora and pinus thunbergii. | to investigate the volatile compounds and the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the essential oils of pinus densiflora needles (epdn) and pinus thunbergii needles (eptn), the volatile compounds of steam-distilled essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. antibacterial activities were analysed by performing disc-agar diffusion assay and determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the essential oils. antioxidant activities were analysed via radica ... | 2011 | 21213230 |
| differential response of two pinus spp. to avian nitrogen input as revealed by nitrogen isotope analysis for tree rings. | temporal variations in n concentration and d(15)n value of annual tree rings (1 year of time resolution) of two japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) and three japanese red pine (pinus densiflora) trees under current breeding activity of the great cormorant (pharacrocorax carbo) and the black-tailed gull (larus crassirostris), respectively, in central and northeastern japan were studied. both species from control sites where no avian input occurs show negative values (d(15)n = around -4 ‰ to -2 ... | 2011 | 21271423 |
| the developmental process of xylem embolisms in pine wilt disease monitored by multipoint imaging using compact magnetic resonance imaging. | in pine wilt disease (pwd), embolized tracheids arise after virulent pine wood nematodes (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, invade the resin canal of pine tree; infected pine trees finally die from significant loss of xylem water conduction. we used a compact magnetic resonance imaging system with a u-shaped radio frequency (rf) probe coil to reveal the developmental process of the xylem dysfunction in pwd. multiple cross-sectional slices along the stem axis were acquired to periodically monitor ... | 2011 | 21505099 |
| distribution of bacterial species in soil with a vegetational change from japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) to black locust (robinia pseudoacacia). | the effects of a nitrogen-fixing tree, black locust (robinia pseudoacacia), on the distribution of bacterial species were examined in a japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) and black locust-dominated area. dna was extracted from the soil at depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm, collected at the border between a japanese black pine-dominated forest and a black locust-dominated forest, and the distribution of bacterial species was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). the bacteria ... | 2009 | 21566380 |
| [changes of reflectance spectra of pine needles in different stage after being infected by pine wood nematode]. | in the present study, seedlings of pinus thunbergii and pinus massoniana were planted and used for reflectance spectrum measurement. in different stage after being infected by pine wood nematode, reflectance spectra were measured by asd spectrometer and the features of spectral parameters and the change of chlorophyll were analyzed. the results showed that (1) disease could be estimated in the early stage according to the curve of mid-infrared reflectance; (2) dynamic parameters such as the posi ... | 2011 | 21800599 |
| Effects of pre-treatment on the nitrogen isotope composition of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) tree-rings as affected by high N input. | Temporal changes in the acquisition of nitrogen (N) are recorded in tree-rings together with unique N isotopic values. Some debate continues regarding the importance of wood pre-treatment in isotope analysis and, thus, this study focuses on the removal of labile components to determine the intrinsic nature of N in tree-rings. The total concentration and stable isotopic value of N in annual tree-rings were determined for two cores from Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) from areas colonized b ... | 2011 | 22006393 |
| characterization of resistance to pine wood nematode infection in pinus thunbergii using suppression subtractive hybridization. | abstract: background: pine wilt disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which threatens pine forests and forest ecosystems worldwide and causes serious economic losses. in the 40 years since the pathogen was identified, the physiological changes occurring as the disease progresses have been characterized using anatomical and biochemical methods, and resistant trees have been selected via breeding programs. however, no studies have assessed the molecular genetics ... | 2012 | 22272988 |
| the role of wood-inhabiting bacteria in pine wilt disease. | the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus together with the bacteria isolated from black pine (pinus thunbergii) bark inoculated to axenic black pine seedlings, significantly exceeded that of the axenic pwns alone, demonstrating that the bacteria play an important role in pine wilt disease. inoculation of seedlings with bacteria-free culture filtrates of the seven isolates from the dead seedlings from the above experiment showed that all isolate filtrates kill ... | 2011 | 23430766 |
| specific and functional diversity of endophytic bacteria from pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus with different virulence. | pine wilt disease (pwd) caused by the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most devastating diseases of pinus spp. the pwn was therefore listed as one of the most dangerous forest pests in china meriting quarantine. virulence of the pwn is closely linked with the spread of pwd. however, main factors responsible for the virulence of pwns are still unclear. recently epiphytic bacteria carried by pwns have drawn much attention. but little is known about the relationsh ... | 2012 | 23289015 |
| pathogenic roles of the bacteria carried by bursaphelenchus mucronatus. | fifty strains of bacteria were isolated from six isolates of the nematode bursaphelenchus mucronatus (bm) from china and russia and identified using the biomerieux vitek 32 system. in bioassay, 3 bacterial strains showed the high levels of phytotoxin production while 19, 16, and 12 strains showed moderately, low and no phytotoxin production, respectively. inoculation of 2-month-old pinus thunbergii seedling with each of the six bm isolates showed that the mean number of days from inoculation to ... | 2009 | 22661772 |
| influence of bxpel1 gene silencing by dsrna interference on the development and pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | as the causal agent of pine wilt disease (pwd), the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses by devastating pine forests worldwide. the pectate lyase gene is essential for successful invasion of their host plants by plant-parasitic nematodes. to demonstrate the role of pectate lyase gene in the pwd process, rna interference (rnai) is used to analyze the function of the pectate lyase 1 gene in b. xylophilus (bxpel1). the efficiency of rnai was detected by ... | 2016 | 26797602 |
| specifically expressed genes of the nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus involved with early interactions with pine trees. | as the causal agent of pine wilt disease (pwd), the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses by devastating pine forests worldwide. however, the pathogenesis-related genes of b. xylophilus are not well characterized. thus, dna microarrays were used to investigate differential gene expression in pwn where pinus thunbergii was inoculated with nematodes, compared with those cultured on botrytis cinerea. the microarrays comprised 31121 probes, 1310 (4.2%) of ... | 2013 | 24155981 |
| migrations and multiplications of bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus in pinus thumbergii in relation to their pathogenicity. | to evaluate the mechanisms of pathogenicity and non-pathogenicity of bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus isolated in south korea, we used 4-year-old p. thunbergii seedlings and 20-cm long one-year-old stem cuttings of 5-year-old pinus thunbergii, and studied distributions and multiplications of pine wood nematodes after inoculation. the distributions of b. xylophilus in the 20-cm pine stem cuttings were not significantly different from that of b. mucronatus. conversely, the proliferatio ... | 2013 | 25288937 |
| pathogenicity of the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to japanese larch, larix kaempferi, seedlings. | pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to japanese larch, larix kaempferi, seedlings was tested with inoculation experiments under nursery conditions. water suspensions of nematodes (mixed stages cultured on botrytis cinerea or dispersal fourth-stage juveniles (dj4) extracted from the adult japanese pine sawyer, monochamus alternatus) were injected into the stems of 2- and 3-year-old japanese larch and japanese black pine, pinus thunbergii, seedlings growing in a nu ... | 2009 | 22661789 |
| migration and attacking ability of bursaphelenchus mucronatus in pinus thunbergii stem cuttings. | to understand how bursaphelenchus xylophilus kills pine trees, the differences between the effects of b. xylophilus and b. mucronatus on pine trees are usually compared. in this study, the migration and attacking ability of a non-pathogenic b. mucronatus in pinus thunbergii were investigated. the distribution of b. mucronatus and the number of dead epithelial cells resulting from inoculation were compared with those of the pathogenic b. xylophilus. although b. mucronatus is non-pathogenic in pin ... | 2016 | 27493609 |
| bacterial diversity and community structure in the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus with different virulence by high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rdna. | bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen of pine wilt disease. bursaphelenchus mucronatus is similar to b. xylophilus in morphology. both species share a common niche, but they are quite different in pathogenicity. presently, the role of bacteria in pine wilt disease development has been widely speculated. the diversity of bacteria associated with b. xylophilus and b. mucronatus with different virulence remains unclear. in this study, virulence of four b. xylophilus and four b. mucronatus stra ... | 2015 | 26372013 |
| evidence for an opportunistic and endophytic lifestyle of the bursaphelenchus xylophilus-associated bacteria serratia marcescens pwn146 isolated from wilting pinus pinaster. | pine wilt disease (pwd) results from the interaction of three elements: the pathogenic nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus; the insect-vector, monochamus sp.; and the host tree, mostly pinus species. bacteria isolated from b. xylophilus may be a fourth element in this complex disease. however, the precise role of bacteria in this interaction is unclear as both plant-beneficial and as plant-pathogenic bacteria may be associated with pwd. using whole genome sequencing and phenotypic characterizat ... | 2016 | 27461253 |
| morphometric variation in pine wood nematodes, bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus, isolated from multiple locations in south korea. | intraspecific variation in morphometry of pine wood nematodes bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus in relation to geographical locations in south korea was investigated using morphometric characters (body length, a, b and c ratio, stylet length, and spicule length for a male nematode and v (%) value for a female nematode). b. xylophilus was isolated from pinus thunbergii in jinju (1998), ulsan (2000), yangsan (2000), mokpo (2001) and jeju (2004), and from p. densiflora in gumi (2001). b. ... | 2013 | 25288962 |
| [relationships between nitric oxide response signal and external factors during the early interaction between pinus thunbergii and bursaphelenchus xylophilus]. | in the interaction between pinus thunbergii and bursaphelenchus xylophilus, nitric oxide (no) is an important signaling molecule involving in the early response of p. thunbergii to the invasion of b. xylophilus. however, it is unclear that whether the no production by p. thunbergii is triggered by the invaded b. xylophilus or its secreted metabolites. in the present study, the p. thunbergii was inoculated with living b. xylophilus, its secretion, and the suspension of grinded b. xylophilus, resp ... | 2013 | 23755476 |
| nos-like-mediated nitric oxide is involved in pinus thunbergii response to the invasion of bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | the content of no and h(2)o(2) as well as the activities of nitric oxide synthase (nos)-like and nitrate reductase (nr) were monitored in the needles of pinus thunbergii infected by bursaphelenchus xylophilus. the results showed that the content of no increased significantly only 8 h after the invasion of b. xylophilus, while h(2)o(2) increased 12 h after invasion. no donor snp could promote and no scavenger cptio could prevent the production of no and h(2)o(2). the content of no changed earlier ... | 2012 | 22674219 |
| fungi isolated from pine wood nematode, its vector japanese pine sawyer, and the nematode-infected japanese black pine wood in korea. | pine tree death caused by pine wood nematode (pwn) involves phoretic relationships between pwn and its vector japanese pine sawyer beetle (jps). in an effort to understand the diversity of fungi involved in pwn life cycle, a total of 176 fungal isolates were collected from pwns, adults and larvae of jps, pwn-diseased japanese black pine that was cut down in 2005 at jinju, korea. based on microscopic observation and colony morphology, and sequence analysis of the its rdna, the fungal isolates wer ... | 2007 | 24015089 |
| a demographic analysis of mortality caused by the pine wood nematode (bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and pine sawyer beetles (monochamus alternatus) in pine forests in the seto inland sea-side, japan. | demographic characteristics were examined in 51 study sites in naturally occurring pine populations in the seto inland sea-side. the pine forests consisted on average of 51.4% japanese red pine,pinus densiflora, 28.9% japanese black pine,pinus thunbergii, and 19.7% hybrids of the two species, and occurred along an elevatinal gradient from denser, younger secondary forest regrowing after disturbance, to more mature stands at higher elevations. the proportion of dead trees did not vary much among ... | 1986 | 28311773 |
| characterization of a sapstaining fungus, ophiostoma floccosum, isolated from the sapwood of pinus thunbergii in korea. | an ophiostoma fungus was isolated from a stump of pinus thunbergii in a forest on the west coast of korea. microscopic analysis using a light microscope, a stereo microscope, and a scanning electron microscope revealed that it had morphological features of pesotum and sporothix synanarmorphs. based on the β-tubulin gene sequence analysis, the fungus was identified as the anamorph of ophiostoma floccosum. mycological properties of the species including its growth properties on different culture m ... | 2009 | 23983499 |
| inter- and intraspecific polymorphism at chloroplast ssr loci and the inheritance of plastids in pinus radiata d. don. | dna sequence analysis of chloroplast genomes has revealed many short nucleotide repeats analogous to nuclear microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs). we designed pcr primers flanking five of these regions identified in the chloroplast sequence from pinus thunbergii and tested them for amplification in pinus radiata, p. elliotii, p. taeda, p. strobus, pseudotsuga menziesii, cupressus macrocarpa, four new zealand native conifer species (podocarpus totara, podocarpus hallii, podocarpus n ... | 1996 | 24162352 |
| improved aflp protocol using dual-suppression pcr and its application to species with large genomes. | to improve the amplified fragment length polymorphism assay, dual-suppression pcr was introduced into the preamplification step of the assay. the dual-suppression pcr blocked completely the amplification of fragments with the same sequence (bsp1407i-bsp1407i or nlaiii-nlaiii) at both ends and amplified selectively fragments with different adaptor sequences (bsp1407i-nlaiii) at each end. two protocols, referred to as a and b, were established for species with medium- and large-sized genomes, resp ... | 2011 | 21676205 |
| the mechanism of pollination drop withdrawal in ginkgo biloba l. | the pollination drop (pd) is a characteristic feature of many wind-pollinated gymnosperms. although accumulating evidence shows that the pd plays a critical role in the pollination process, the mechanism of pd withdrawal is still unclear. here, we carefully observed the pd withdrawal process and investigated the underlying mechanism of pd withdrawal, which will aid the understanding of wind-pollination efficiency in gymnosperms. | 2012 | 22548734 |
| the new family septorioideaceae, within the botryosphaeriales and septorioides strobi as a new species associated with needle defoliation of pinus strobus in the united states. | recent sampling of eastern white pine (pinus strobus) affected by white pine needle defoliation (wpnd) within the northeastern u.s. has found that a putative new species, closely related to septorioides pini-thunbergii, was the most frequently isolated species. septorioides pini-thunbergii is currently the only known species of its genus in the family botryosphaeriaceae and is associated with needle cast of pinus thunbergii in japan. this study aims to complete a morphological description of the ... | 2016 | 27521634 |