| retrograde amnesia induced by hypoxia and electroconvulsive shock in two rat strains. | hypoxia or electroconvulsive shock (ecs) was administered to two strains of rats following one trial passive avoidance training. ecs produced retrograde amnesia in the blue spruce farms long evans hooded rat when administered within 10 sec after training and in the charles river albino rat when administered within 75 sec after training. hypoxia was effective in producing retrograde amnesia when administered up to 40 min after training in the hooded rat but only when administered between 20 and 3 ... | 1975 | 1171476 |
| effect of long-term therapy with an oral contraceptive on some aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism in vitro. | the effect of enovid (7.5 mg/kg of food) for both short and long periods of therapy in female blue spruce farm rats was studied. hepatic release of triglyceride and of cholesterol was measured. tests were made in vitro. treatment periods were 4 days of 1 year. the short-term treated group ingested 315 mcg/kg body weight of enovid daily; the long-term treated group ingested 375 mcg/kg of body weight of enovid daily. these are about 3 times the daily dose for humans. animal livers were remov ... | 1975 | 1191317 |
| rat strain and stock comparisons using a functional observational battery: baseline values and effects of amitraz. | a functional observational battery (fob) was utilized to assess the effects of 3-day exposure to the formamidine pesticide amitraz in outbred sprague-dawley-derived and inbred fischer-344-derived (f344) rats (both from charles river laboratories) and in outbred long-evans rats obtained from two commercial suppliers (charles river breeding laboratories and blue spruce farms). significant strain and stock differences were obtained in baseline values for one-third of the fob measures. in most cases ... | 1991 | 2017756 |
| organ-specific effects of naphthalene on tissue peroxidation, glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase in the rat. | male, weanling blue-spruce rats were treated with naphthalene (p.o.) in defined dose increments up to 750 mg/kg body weight over 9 weeks. at necropsy, treated rats showed a 20% decrease in body weight compared to controls. naphthalene treatment resulted in enhanced peroxidation (p less than 0.001) only in the liver. this increased peroxidation was associated with reductions (p less than 0.05) in the activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in hepatic cytosolic fractions and an associa ... | 1988 | 3190445 |
| blue spruce (picea pungens) tissue and cell culture. | blue spruce (picea pungens) cell cultures were established from leaf and stem sections of an adult tree on a range of media of which bspm4 (b5 medium plus 10 microm 2,4-d and 1 microm kinetin), and bspm 6 (ms medium plus 5 microm 2,4-d and 1 microm kinetin) were optimal. cytological investigations showed a diploid karyotype of 24 metacentric or sub-metacentric chromosomes. the karyotype and ploidy level remained constant over repeated subculture at rapid growth rates. picea pungens chromosomes w ... | 1980 | 7471818 |
| 4-hydroxylated piperidines and n-methyleuphococcinine (1-methyl-3-granatanone) from picea (spruce) species. identification and synthesis. | three trace alkaloids from colorado blue spruce, picea pungens, were identified by synthesis and gc-ms comparisons as 4alpha-hydroxy-cis-2-methyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)piperidine (1), 4alpha-hydroxy-cis-2-methyl-6-propylpiperidine (11), and 1-methylgranatanone (15) (n-methyl-9-aza-1-methylbicyclo[3.3. 1]nonane or n-methyleuphococcinine). alkaloids 1 and 11 are the first among numerous known pine and spruce piperidines to contain a ring-oxygenated substituent. | 1999 | 10075774 |
| methyl jasmonate induces changes mimicking anatomical defenses in diverse members of the pinaceae. | conifers have defenses such as the production of phenolic compounds and resins that can be induced by bark beetles and other invading organisms, but the signaling agents involved are unknown. the anatomical effects of methyl jasmonate (mj), a potent inducer of certain plant defenses, were compared with wounding of the bark of 12-15-year-old trees of five conifer species. wounding in all species resulted in tissue necrosis and wound periderm development immediately around the wound site. one cm f ... | 2003 | 12642238 |
| pungenin; a glucoside found in leaves of picea pungens (colorado spruce). | | 1957 | 13404533 |
| pharmacogenetic analysis of sex differences in opioid antinociception in rats. | sex differences in opioid antinociception have been reported in rodents and monkeys, with opioids being more potent in males than females. in the present study, the influence of rat strain on sex differences in opioid antinociception was examined in a warm water tail-withdrawal procedure. antinociceptive tests were conducted with the high-efficacy micro-opioid morphine, and the less efficacious opioids buprenorphine, butorphanol and nalbuphine. baseline nociceptive latencies were consistently hi ... | 2003 | 14659521 |
| [methanotrophs and methylobacteria are found in woody plant tissues within a winter period]. | samples of tree seeds, buds, and needles collected within a winter period at ambient temperatures from -11 to -17 degrees c were analyzed for the presence of methylotrophic microflora. thin sections of blue spruce needles were found to contain bacteria morphologically close to pink-pigmented methylobacteria. the methylobacteria that were isolated in pure cultures from samples of linden seeds and buds, pine and blue spruce needles, as well as of lilac, maple, and apple buds, were classified into ... | 2004 | 15688941 |
| effects of ph on lignin and cellulose degradation by streptomyces viridosporus. | lignocellulose degradation by streptomyces viridosporus results in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin and the production of a water-soluble lignin polymer, acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (appl). the effects of the culture ph on lignin and cellulose metabolism and appl production by s. viridosporus are reported. dry, ground, hot-water-extracted corn (zea mays) lignocellulose was autoclaved in 1-liter reagent bottles (5 g per bottle) and inoculated with 50-ml volumes of s. viridosporus c ... | 1986 | 16347124 |
| photosynthetic action spectra of trees: i. comparative photosynthetic action spectra of one deciduous and four coniferous tree species as related to photorespiration and pigment complements. | comparative isoenergetic action spectra of net photosynthesis for intact, current year foliage of five tree species were determined from 400 to 710 nm by co(2) exchange analysis. the blue (400 to 500 nm) peak of net photosynthetic activity for the green broadleaves of red alder (alnus rubra bong.) was reduced to a plateau for the green needle-leaves of douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco) and sitka spruce (picea sitchensis [bong.] carr.), a shoulder for the blue-green needles of co ... | 1975 | 16659091 |
| photosynthetic action spectra of trees: ii. the relationship of cuticle structure to the visible and ultraviolet spectral properties of needles from four coniferous species. | the relative reflectance spectra for control and treated (surface wiped) current-year foliage of douglas fir, and sitka, colorado, and blue spruce (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco, picea sitchensis [bong.] carr., picea pungens engelm., and picea pungens engelm. var. hoopsii, respectively) were obtained from 220 to 700 nm. the green color of the control foliage of both douglas fir and sitka spruce was unaffected by the treatment whereas the blue-green and blue-white foliage of control colora ... | 1975 | 16659092 |
| effects of quality, intensity, and duration of light breaks during a long night on dormancy in blue spruce (picea pungens engelm.) seedlings. | blue spruce (picea pungens engelm.) seedlings grow continuously when exposed to photoperiods exceeding 16 hours and enter dormancy within 4 weeks under photoperiods of 12 hours or less. dormancy was prevented under 12-hour photoperiods by 2-hour light breaks of red light (1.70 muw/cm(2) at 650 nm) or high intensity white light (2,164.29 muw/cm(2) at 400 to 800 nm) given in the middle of the 12-hour night, and by continuous low intensity white light (204.76 muw/cm(2) at 400 to 800 nm). two-hour l ... | 1977 | 16660073 |
| physiological effects of surface waxes: i. light reflectance for glaucous and nonglaucous picea pungens. | foliage reflectance was studied on glaucous and nonglaucous foliage of blue spruce (picea pungens engel.). current-year and 1-year-old glaucous and nonglaucous foliage from mature trees and seedling glaucous and nonglaucous foliage had similar reflectance patterns in the 350 to 800 nanometer region. the highest reflectance was in the 750 to 800 nanometer region and the lowest reflectance was in the 670 nanometer region. glaucous foliage had a higher percentage of light reflectance at all of the ... | 1978 | 16660444 |
| defense mechanisms of conifers : relationship of monoterpene cyclase activity to anatomical specialization and oleoresin monoterpene content. | cell-free extracts from pinus ponderosa lawson (ponderosa pine) and pinus sylvestris l. (scotch pine) wood exhibited high levels of monoterpene synthase (cyclase) activity, whereas bark extracts of these species contained no detectable activity, and they inhibited cyclase activity when added to extracts from wood, unless polyvinylpyrrolidone was included in the preparation. the molecular mass of the polyvinylpyrrolidone added was of little consequence; however, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (a cross- ... | 1991 | 16668182 |
| electrochemical determination of ag-ions in environment waters and their action on plant embryos. | we utilized liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (hplc-ed) for analyzing of silver ions. the optimization of basic chromatographic parameters has been done. the detection limit (3 s/n) obtained were 20 nmol/dm(3). influence of different interferences (anions and cations) on current response of silver ions has been described. moreover, we used hplc-ed to analyze waters of different purity including photographic emulsion, which naturally contained silver ions. we found out t ... | 2007 | 17251068 |
| hansschlegelia plantiphila gen. nov. sp. nov., a new aerobic restricted facultative methylotrophic bacterium associated with plants. | a new genus, hansschlegelia, and a new species, hansschlegelia plantiphila, are proposed for three strains of methanol-utilizing bacteria isolated from lilac buds (strain s(1)(t)), linden buds (strain s(2)) and blue spruce needles (strain s(4)), which were selected in winter at -17 degrees c. these bacteria are aerobic, gram-negative, colorless, non-motile short rods that multiply by binary fission and employ the ribulose bisphosphate (rubp) and the serine pathways for c(1) assimilation. the str ... | 2007 | 17481841 |
| estimation of light interception properties of conifer shoots by an improved photographic method and a 3d model of shoot structure. | the spherical mean of the shoot silhouette-to-total leaf area ratio (star) and the shoot transmission coefficient (c) are two key structural parameters in radiative transfer models for calculating canopy photosynthesis and leaf area index. the standard optical method for estimating these parameters might introduce errors in the estimates for species with flexible shoots and needles by changing shoot inclination relative to its inclination in situ. we devised and tested two methods to address thi ... | 2007 | 17669728 |
| on the cover. picea pungens. | | 2009 | 19230456 |
| cold-regulated proteins with potent antifreeze and cryoprotective activities in spruces (picea spp.). | antifreeze proteins (afps) were obtained from intercellular spaces of spruce needles picea abies (l.) karst. and picea pungens engelm. by vacuum infiltration with ascorbic acid, followed by centrifugation to recover the infiltrate. as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds- page), apoplastic proteins are accumulated in these spruce species as a group of 5-9 polypeptide bands. these proteins have a molecular mass of 7-80 kda. the spruce afps have the ability to m ... | 2009 | 19444972 |
| quantitative evolution of transposable and satellite dna sequences in picea species. | clones containing tandemly arranged repeats belonging to two distinct sequence families, (i) pag004p22f (2f) and pag004e03c (3c) or (ii) ty3/gypsy- (8r; pag004b08r) and ty1/copia-like sequences (9r; pag007f19r), were selected from a randomly sheared total genomic dna library of picea abies . the inserts were used as probes in dot-blot hybridizations to genomic dna of p. abies, picea orientalis , picea pungens , and picea pungens var. glauca. all these entities are diploid and share the same chro ... | 2011 | 21539442 |
| leaf litter leachates have the potential to increase lifespan, body size, and offspring numbers in a clone of moina macrocopa. | leaf litter processing is one major pathway of the global organic carbon cycle. during this process, a variety of small reactive organic compounds are released and transported to the aquatic environment, and may directly impact aquatic organisms as natural xenobiotics. we hypothesize that different forest stockings produce different leachate qualities, which in turn, stress the aquatic communities and, eventually, separate sensitive from tolerant species. particularly, leachates from coniferous ... | 2011 | 22115468 |
| the great spruce bark beetle (dendroctonus micans kug.) (coleoptera: scolytidae) in lithuania: occurrence, phenology, morphology and communities of associated fungi. | we studied the occurrence, morphology and phenology of dendroctonus micans in lithuania and the fungi associated with the beetle at different developmental stages. the occurrence of d. micans was assessed in 19 seed orchards (at least 40 years old) of picea abies (l. karst.) situated in different parts of the country. bark beetle phenology was studied in two sites: a seed orchard of p. abies and a plantation of picea pungens (engelm.). d. micans morphology was assessed under the dissection micro ... | 2016 | 27871337 |
| in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant effect of selected coniferous tree species. | to explore cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant effect of six coniferous trees (abies bornmulleriana, picea pungens, juniperus communis, cedrus libani, taxus baccata, and cupressus sempervirens var. horizantalis). | 2015 | 25975497 |