| glycosulphatase from pseudomonas carrageenovora. purification and some properties. | a glycosulphatase present in the soluble fraction of disrupted pseudomonas carrageenovora has been purified 500-fold by gel filtration on sephacryl s-200 and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose cl-6b. by dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme is practically homogeneous and has a molecular weight of 55 000. conditions of optimal sodium chloride concentration and ph at 25 degrees c were 0.25--0.50 mol dm-3 and ph 7.0 respectively. the purified enzyme was inhibited ... | 1979 | 520310 |
| the immunochemistry of lambda-type carrageenans from certain red algae. | an antibody preparation directed against a structural feature associated with 6-sulphate groups was used to probe structural relations among certain lambda-type carrageenans. immunochemical and chemical differences are described between the kc1-soluble carrageenans from tetrasporic algal plants of gigartina corymbifera, gigartina sp. from san francisco bay, petrocelis middendorfii, iridaea cordata, rhodoglossum californicum, and chondrus crispus. the differences in immunochemical reactivity of t ... | 1978 | 568513 |
| structure of the oxidized long-chain flavodoxin from anabaena 7120 at 2 a resolution. | the structure of the long-chain flavodoxin from the photosynthetic cyanobacterium anabaena 7120 has been determined at 2 a resolution by the molecular replacement method using the atomic coordinates of the long-chain flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans. the structure of a third long-chain flavodoxin from chondrus crispus has recently been reported. crystals of oxidized a. 7120 flavodoxin belong to the monoclinic space group p2(1) with a = 48.0, b = 32.0, c = 51.6 a, and beta = 92 degrees, and one ... | 1992 | 1303762 |
| tertiary structure of oxidized flavodoxin from an eukaryotic red alga chondrus crispus at 2.35-a resolution. localization of charged residues and implication for interaction with electron transfer partners. | the crystal structure of the oxidized form of a flavodoxin from an eukaryotic red alga, chondrus crispus, has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering methods. a model of the 173 residues and flavin mononucleotide (fmn) has been refined by a restrained least squares method to a crystallographic r-factor of 22.6% using 6236 reflections between 6.0 and 2.35 a with f greater than 3 sigma f. this molecule has a sheet consisting of five parallel beta-strands with t ... | 1990 | 2394748 |
| redox potentials of algal and cyanobacterial flavodoxins. | the redox potentials of flavodoxins from the cyanobacteria synechococcus pcc 6301 (formerly anacystis nidulans) and nostoc strain mac, and from the red alga chondrus crispus, were determined by potentiometric titration. for the oxidized-semiquinone interconversion the potentials at ph 7.0 of the three flavodoxins were between -210 and -235 mv, and these were ph-dependent over the range ph 6.9-8.2. for the semiquinone-reduced interconversion the potentials of the cyanobacterial flavodoxins were c ... | 1984 | 6424653 |
| apoflavodoxin aggregation following dissociation of flavin. | flavodoxins were isolated for the cyanobacteria anacystis nidulans and nostoc strain mac, and from the red alga chondrus crispus, and apoflavodoxins prepared by five methods. gel electrophoretic studies showed that whereas the apoproteins of a. nudulans and nostoc strain mac were recovered in monomeric form, the removal of riboflavin 5'-phosphate from c. crispus flavodoxin resulted in extensive aggregation of the apoprotein. in extent and nature this aggregation differed with the dissociating ag ... | 1980 | 6774761 |
| efficiency of ferredoxins and flavodoxins as mediators in systems for hydrogen evolution. | 1. the efficiencies of ferredoxins and flavodoxins from a range of sources as mediators in systems for hydrogen evolution were assessed. 2. in supporting electron transfer from dithionite to hydrogenase of the bacterium clostridium pasteurianum, highest activity was shown by the ferredoxin from the cyanobacterium chlorogloeopsis fritschii and flavodoxin from the bacterium megasphaera elsdenii. the latter was some twenty times as active as comparable concentrations of methyl viologen. ferredoxins ... | 1980 | 7016115 |
| the evolutionary origin of red algae as deduced from the nuclear genes encoding cytosolic and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from chondrus crispus. | algae are a heterogeneous group of photosynthetic eukaryotes traditionally separated into three major subdivisions: rhodophytes, chlorophytes, and chromophytes. the evolutionary origin of rhodophytes or red algae and their links to other photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes have been a matter of much controversy and speculation. here we present the first cdnas of nuclear protein genes from red algae: those encoding cytosolic and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (g ... | 1994 | 8007000 |
| confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of two unusual trans-3-monoethylenic fatty acids from the nova scotian seaweeds palmaria palmata and chondrus crispus. | the structures of two unusual fatty acids, the known trans-3-hexadecenoic acid and a novel trans-3-tetradecenoic acid, both isolated from the nova scotian seaweeds palmaria palmata and chondrus crispus, were positively identified. after the extraction of the total fatty acids by saponification, followed by methylation, the monoenoic trans fractions were isolated by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. the monoenoic trans fractions were derivatized with 2-amino ... | 1994 | 8090067 |
| the gapdh gene system of the red alga chondrus crispus: promoter structures, intron/exon organization, genomic complexity and differential expression of genes. | our previous phylogenetic analysis based on cdna sequences of chloroplast and cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (gapdh; genes gapa and gapc, respectively) of the red alga chondrus crispus suggested that rhodophytes and green plants are sister groups with respect to plastids and mitochondria and diverged at about the same time or somewhat later than animals and fungi. here we characterize the genomic sequences of genes gapc and gapa of c. crispus with respect to promotor structu ... | 1993 | 8260635 |
| a 5 s rrna gene is present in the mitochondrial genome of the protist reclinomonas americana but is absent from red algal mitochondrial dna. | except in the case of land plants, mitochondrial ribosomes apparently lack a 5 s rrna species, even though this small rna is a component of all prokaryotic, chloroplast and eukaryotic cytosol ribosomes. in plants, the mitochondrial 5 s rrna is encoded by mtdna and differs in sequence from the 5 s rrna specified by plant nuclear and chloroplast genomes. a distinctive 5 s rrna component has not been found in the mitochondrial ribosomes of non-plant eukaryotes and, with the notable exception of the ... | 1996 | 8800209 |
| directionally evolving genetic code: the uga codon from stop to tryptophan in mitochondria. | for the comprehensive analyses of deviant codes in protistan mitochondria (mt), we sequenced about a 1.1-kb region of a mitochondrial (mt) gene, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coxi) in two chlorarachniophytes, the filose amoeba euglypha rotunda, the cryptomonad cryptomonas ovata, the prymnesiophyte (haptophyte) diacronema vlkianum (pavlovales), and the diatom melosira ambigua. as a result of this analysis, we noticed that the uga codon is assigned to tryptophan (trp) instead of being a sign ... | 1998 | 9767683 |
| transcription initiation and rna processing in the mitochondria of the red alga chondrus crispus: convergence in the evolution of transcription mechanisms in mitochondria. | the mitochondrial dna (mt dna) of the red alga chondrus crispus is shown to be transcribed into two large rna molecules. these primary transcripts are cleaved once, at the level of a trna, then the resulting products are processed via multiple maturation events into either mono- or poly-cistronic rnas. transcripts were detected for all genes and open reading frames, except for rps11 and orf172. for both transcription units the initiation of transcription was mapped by in vitro rna capping and pr ... | 1998 | 9784365 |
| optimization of the production of chondrus crispus hexose oxidase in pichia pastoris. | hexose oxidase (d-hexose:o(2)-oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.3.5, hox) normally found in the red alga chondrus crispus was produced heterologously in different host systems. full-length hox polypeptide was produced in escherichia coli, but no hox activity could be detected. in contrast, active hox could be produced in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. several growth physiological and genetic approaches for optimization of hexose oxidase production in p. pastoris were investigated. our results in ... | 2001 | 11437594 |
| safety evaluation of a hexose oxidase expressed in hansenula polymorpha. | a programme of studies was conducted to establish the safety of hexose oxidase (hox) from chondrus crispus expressed in the yeast hansenula polymorpha to be used as a processing aid in the food industry. rat feeding studies were conducted to assess acute and subchronic oral toxicity. in addition, the potential of the enzyme to cause mutagenicity and chromosomal aberrations was assessed in microbial and tissue culture in vitro studies. acute and subchronic oral toxicity was not detected at the hi ... | 2003 | 12615123 |
| analysis and modeling of the ferulic acid oxidation by a glucose oxidase-peroxidase association. comparison with a hexose oxidase-peroxidase association. | a commercial glucose oxidase (gox) from aspergillus niger was partially characterized. the enzyme exhibited a two-step transfer mechanism, and the kinetic constants toward glucose and oxygen were determined. under conditions similar to dough making (glucose concentration and ph), gox does not exhibit maximum activity. a hexose oxidase (hox) from chondrus crispus was partially characterized as well. the hox activity is not far from the optimum in the kneading conditions (ph and glucose concentrat ... | 2004 | 15186121 |
| evaluation of heat shock protein 70 as a biomarker of environmental stress in fucus serratus and lemna minor. | heat shock proteins (hsps) are known to be induced in response to short-term stress. the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of hsp70 as a biomarker of stress produced by increased temperature, osmotic pressure, and exposure to cadmium and sodium chloride in marine macroalgae and fresh water plant species. an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-elisa) was developed with a working range of 0.025-10 microg ml(-1) using a monoclonal antibody raised against purified ... | 2004 | 15370872 |
| uptake and depuration of 131i by the edible periwinkle littorina littorea: uptake from seawater. | uptake and depuration experiments for the edible periwinkle littorina littorea have been performed using 131i-labelled seawater. throughout the experimental phase the winkles were fed on unlabelled chondrus crispus. 131i concentrations in winkles during uptake followed linear first-order kinetics with an uptake half-time of 11 days, whereas for depuration a triphasic sequence with biological half-lives of 4, 23 and 56 days was determined. in general, iodine turnover in winkles via labelled seawa ... | 2005 | 15465179 |
| evaluation of certain food additives. | this report represents the conclusions of a joint fao/who expert committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (adis) and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. the first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of food additives (including flavouring agents) and contaminants, assessments of intake, and the establishment an ... | 2005 | 16167501 |
| characterization of the flavin association in hexose oxidase from chondrus crispus. | hexose oxidase (ec 1.1.3.5) from hansenula polymorpha was found to exhibit a dual covalent association of fad with his79 via an 8 alpha-histidyl linkage as well as a covalent association between cys138 and c-6 of the isoalloxazine moiety of fad. spectral properties of the wild-type enzyme exhibited maxima at 364 nm and 437 nm as well as a distinct shoulder at 445 nm. an h79k mutant enzyme exhibited only one maximum at 437 nm. the difference absorption spectrum between an oxidized and a substrate ... | 2006 | 16817897 |
| composition and distribution of carrabiose moieties in hybrid kappa-/iota-carrageenans using carrageenases. | hybrid kappa/iota-carrageeans extracted from gigartina skottsbergii, chondracanthus chamissoï, and chondrus crispus were incubated with pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora kappa-carrageenase and alteromonas fortis iota-carrageenase. the degradation products as well as the resistant fraction were fully characterized by chromatography, nmr, and mass spectrometry. the low percentage of degradation observed after treatment by the iota-carrageenase suggests that long segments of iota-carrabiose or block ... | 2008 | 18081251 |
| Determination of Water-Soluble Arsenic Compounds in Commercial Edible Seaweed by LC-ICPMS. | This paper reports arsenic speciation in edible seaweed (from the Galician coast, northwestern Spain) produced for human consumption. Chondrus crispus , Porphyra purpurea , Ulva rigida , Laminaria ochroleuca , Laminaria saccharina , and Undaria pinnatifida were analyzed. The study focused on arsenosugars, the most frequently occurring arsenic species in algae. As(III) and As(V) were also determined in aqueous extracts. Total arsenic in the samples was determined by microwave digestion and ... | 2011 | 22082352 |
| heterogeneity of carrageenans from chondrus crispus. | carrageenans extracted from gametophytic and sporophytic chondrus crispus were analysed by hydrolysis, kcl fractionation and 1h nmr spectroscopy. the carrageenan from gametophytic plants is composed predominantly of two kcl insoluble fractions which contain kappa-carrageenan as the major component with 1-carrageenan and sulphated galactans as minor components. the precursor mu- and v-carrageenans were not found in the soluble fraction. the extract from sporophytic plants is composed mainly of a ... | 1970 | 1367970 |
| conformational changes in chondrus crispus flavodoxin on dissociation of fmn and reconstitution with flavin analogues. | the apoflavodoxin produced by precipitation of chondrus crispus flavodoxin with trichloroacetic acid migrates as a single molecular species on non-denaturing page, but at a much lower rm than the flavoprotein. values of s and d were significantly lower than for the flavodoxin, but their substitution in the svedberg equation indicated the molecular mass was closely similar to that of the flavodoxin. this was confirmed by meniscus-depletion sedimentation-equilibrium studies. the stokes radius of t ... | 2008 | 2268302 |
| hexose oxidase-mediated hydrogen peroxide as a mechanism for the antibacterial activity in the red seaweed ptilophora subcostata. | marine algae have unique defense strategies against microbial infection. however, their mechanisms of immunity remain to be elucidated and little is known about the similarity of the immune systems of marine algae and terrestrial higher plants. here, we suggest a possible mechanism underlying algal immunity, which involves hexose oxidase (hox)-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). we examined crude extracts from five different red algal species for their ability to prevent bacterial ... | 2016 | 26867214 |
| prebiotic effects of diet supplemented with the cultivated red seaweed chondrus crispus or with fructo-oligo-saccharide on host immunity, colonic microbiota and gut microbial metabolites. | gastrointestinal microbial communities are diverse and are composed of both beneficial and pathogenic groups. prebiotics, such as digestion-resistant fibers, influence the composition of gut microbiota, and can contribute to the improvement of host health. the red seaweed chondrus crispus is rich in dietary fiber and oligosaccharides, however its prebiotic potential has not been studied to date. | 2015 | 26271359 |
| feed supplementation with red seaweeds, chondrus crispus and sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of red seaweed supplementation to standard poultry diets on production performance, egg quality, intestinal histology, and cecal short-chain fatty acids in lohmann brown classic laying hens. a total of 160 birds were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups. control hens were fed a basal layer diet; positive control hens were fed a diet containing 2% inulin; and 6 treatment groups were fed a diet containing one of the following; 0. ... | 2014 | 25352682 |
| anti-biofilm performance of three natural products against initial bacterial attachment. | marine bacteria contribute significantly towards the fouling consortium, both directly (modern foul release coatings fail to prevent "slime" attachment) and indirectly (biofilms often excrete chemical cues that attract macrofouling settlement). this study assessed the natural product anti-biofilm performance of an extract of the seaweed, chondrus crispus, and two isolated compounds from terrestrial sources, (+)-usnic acid and juglone, against two marine biofilm forming bacteria, cobetia marina a ... | 2013 | 24192819 |
| seaweeds and plastic debris can influence the survival of faecal indicator organisms in beach environments. | the revised bathing water directive (rbwd) introduces more stringent standards for microbial water quality and promotes more pro-active management of the beach environment through the production of a bathing water profile (bwp). the aim of this study was to determine whether living seaweeds in the littoral zone are colonised by faecal indicator organisms (fios), and to quantify the survival dynamics of waterborne escherichia coli in microcosms containing senescing seaweeds. living seaweed (fucus ... | 2014 | 24878304 |
| enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive material from chondrus crispus and codium fragile and its effect on herpes simplex virus (hsv-1). | codium fragile and chondrus crispus are, respectively, green and red seaweeds which are abundant along the north atlantic coasts. we investigated the chemical composition and antiviral activity of enzymatic extracts of c. fragile (cf) and c. crispus (cc). on a dry weight basis, cf consisted of 11% protein, 31% neutral sugars, 0.8% sulfate, 0.6% uronic acids, and 49% ash, while cc contained 27% protein, 28% neutral sugars, 17% sulfate, 1.8% uronic acids, and 25% ash. enzyme-assisted hydrolysis im ... | 2015 | 25603348 |
| components of the cultivated red seaweed chondrus crispus enhance the immune response of caenorhabditis elegans to pseudomonas aeruginosa through the pmk-1, daf-2/daf-16, and skn-1 pathways. | marine macroalgae are rich in bioactive compounds that can, when consumed, impart beneficial effects on animal and human health. the red seaweed chondrus crispus has been reported to have a wide range of health-promoting activities, such as antitumor and antiviral activities. using a caenorhabditis elegans infection model, we show that c. crispus water extract (ccwe) enhances host immunity and suppresses the expression of quorum sensing (qs) and the virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa (s ... | 2013 | 24056462 |
| selection of yeast strains for bioethanol production from uk seaweeds. | macroalgae (seaweeds) are a promising feedstock for the production of third generation bioethanol, since they have high carbohydrate contents, contain little or no lignin and are available in abundance. however, seaweeds typically contain a more diverse array of monomeric sugars than are commonly present in feedstocks derived from lignocellulosic material which are currently used for bioethanol production. hence, identification of a suitable fermentative microorganism that can utilise the princi ... | 2017 | 27057090 |
| comparative genomic analyses of transport proteins encoded within the red algae chondrus crispus, galdieria sulphuraria and cyanidioschyzon merolae. | galdieria sulphuraria and cyanidioschyzon merolae are thermo-acidophilic unicellular red algal cousins capable of living in volcanic environments, although the former can additionally thrive in the presence of toxic heavy metals. bioinformatic analyses of transport systems were carried out on their genomes, as well as that of the mesophilic multicellular red alga chondrus crispus (irish moss). we identified transport proteins related to the metabolic capabilities, physiological properties, and e ... | 2017 | 28328149 |
| evaluation of the anticoagulant potential of polysaccharide-rich fractions extracted from macroalgae. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticoagulant activity of sulphated polysaccharide-containing extracts of six french edible marine macroalgae. aqueous extracts of brown (himanthalia elongata, laminaria digitata, ascophyllum nodosum, fucus vesiculosus), green (ulva lactuca) and red (chondrus crispus) macroalgae were prepared and their biochemical properties were determined, including major biomolecules, sulphate and ash contents. the anticoagulant activity of each extract was ... | 2017 | 28147712 |
| epiphytic planctomycetes communities associated with three main groups of macroalgae. | planctomycetes, a unique group of widespread and understudied bacteria, are known to be associated with macroalgae. the temporal dynamics and the host-specific association of planctomycetal communities on fucus spiralis, ulva sp. and chondrus crispus from two locations in the north coast of portugal were assessed both by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with group-specific primers and 16s rdna amplicon libraries. the epiphytic planctomycetal communities showed a significant association wi ... | 2017 | 28087803 |
| differential toxic effects of ulva lactuca (chlorophyta) on the herbivorous gastropods, littorina littorea and l. obtusata (mollusca). | members of the genus ulva are widespread and abundant in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas but there are conflicting data regarding susceptibility to herbivory. while some studies have documented that ulva spp. were favored by a diversity of marine herbivores, other work has revealed herbivore deterrence. we investigated grazing and growth rates of the littorinid species, littorina littorea and l. obtusata, when offered fucus vesiculosus, ascophyllum nodosum, ulva lactuca, and chondrus crisp ... | 2016 | 28028804 |
| development of new efficient method for isolation of phenolics from sea algae prior to their rapid resolution liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination. | the extraction of phenolic compounds from 4 different sea algae samples, three brown algae (cystoseira abies-marina, c. abies-marina grinded under cryogenic conditions with liquid nitrogen, undaria pinnatifida and sargassum muticum) and one red algae (chondrus crispus) via solid phase extraction using micro-elution solid-phase extraction (μ-spe) plate method was studied. prior to μ-spe, 50mg of algae with 80% methanol mixture was extracted in hyphenated series by various extraction techniques, s ... | 2017 | 28012309 |
| dynamics of δ(15)n isotopic signatures of different intertidal macroalgal species: assessment of bioindicators of n sources in coastal areas. | δ(15)n of annual (ulva sp., porphyra sp.) and perennial intertidal seaweed species (chondrus crispus, fucus sp.) collected on 17 sampling points along the french coast of the english channel in 2012 and 2013 were assessed on their suitability as bioindicators of n pollution in coastal areas. a sine function applied for δ(15)n time series data showed for all the species the same seasonal trend with lowest δ(15)n values in april and highest in summer but with no significant interspecific differenc ... | 2016 | 27349382 |
| identification and characterization of mirnas in chondrus crispus by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. | chondrus crispus, an economically and medicinally important red alga, is a medicinally active substance and important for anti-tumor research. in this study, 117 c. crispus mirnas (108 conserved and 9 novel) were identified from 2,416,181 small-rna reads using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods. according to the blast search against the mirbase database, these mirnas belonged to 110 mirna families. sequence alignment combined with homology searching revealed both the conservat ... | 2016 | 27193824 |
| mutant swarms of a totivirus-like entities are present in the red macroalga chondrus crispus and have been partially transferred to the nuclear genome. | chondrus crispus stackhouse (gigartinales) is a red seaweed found on north atlantic rocky shores. electrophoresis of rna extracts showed a prominent band with a size of around 6,000 bp. sequencing of the band revealed several sequences with similarity to totiviruses, double-stranded rna viruses that normally infect fungi. this virus-like entity was named c. crispus virus (ccv). it should probably be regarded as an extreme viral quasispecies or a mutant swarm since low identity (<65%) was found b ... | 2016 | 27151076 |
| red seaweeds sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii and chondrus crispus down regulate virulence factors of salmonella enteritidis and induce immune responses in caenorhabditis elegans. | red seaweeds are a rich source of unique bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites that are known to improve human and animal health. s. enteritidis is a broad range host pathogen, which contaminates chicken and poultry products that end into the human food chain. worldwide, salmonella outbreaks have become an important economic and public health concern. moreover, the development of resistance in salmonella serovars toward multiple drugs highlights the need for alternative control strategie ... | 2016 | 27065981 |
| essential and toxic elements in seaweeds for human consumption. | essential elements (k, ca, p, s, cl, mn, fe, cu, zn, ni, br, and i) and nonessential or toxic elements (al, ti, si, rb, sr, as, cd, sn, and pb) were determined by energy-dispersive polarized x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in 14 seaweeds purchased in local specialty stores in italy and consumed by humans. the differences in elements between the algae species reached up to 2-4 orders of magnitude. lithothamnium calcareum showed the highest levels of ca, al, si, fe, and ti. palmaria palmata showed ... | 2016 | 26817952 |
| antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid profiles of wild-harvested and cultivated edible canadian marine red macroalgae. | antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid (maa) profiles of methanol extracts from edible wild-harvested (chondrus crispus, mastocarpus stellatus, palmaria palmata) and cultivated (c. crispus) marine red macroalgae were studied herein. palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, palythinol, porphyra-334 and usujirene maas were identified in the macroalgal extracts by lc/ms/ms. extract reducing activity rankings were (p < 0.001): wild p. palmata > cultivated c. crispus ... | 2016 | 26805798 |
| carrageenan-induced inflammation promotes ros generation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in a mouse model of peritonitis. | neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) are a combination of dna fibers and granular proteins, such as neutrophil elastase (ne). nets are released in the extracellular space in response to different stimuli. carrageenan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from chondrus crispus, a marine algae, used for decades in research for its potential to induce inflammation in different animal models. in this study, we show for the first time that carrageenan injection can induce net release in a mouse mod ... | 2016 | 26786873 |
| phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and chondrus crispus. | nacl and kcl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (ki) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. ki were extracted from ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (k) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (i), and 78 mol% of k and 22 mol% of i, respectively. phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial k and i (k+i) showing ... | 2016 | 26572375 |
| an evaluation of the toxicity and bioaccumulation of bismuth in the coastal environment using three species of macroalga. | bismuth is a heavy metal whose biogeochemical behaviour in the marine environment is poorly defined. in this study, we exposed three different species of macroalga (the chlorophyte, ulva lactuca, the phaeophyte, fucus vesiculosus, and the rhodophyte, chondrus crispus) to different concentrations of bi (up to 50 μg l(-1)) under controlled, laboratory conditions. after a period of 48-h, the phytotoxicity of bi was measured in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, and adsorption and internal ... | 2016 | 26552530 |
| a cultivated form of a red seaweed (chondrus crispus), suppresses β-amyloid-induced paralysis in caenorhabditis elegans. | we report here the protective effects of a methanol extract from a cultivated strain of the red seaweed, chondrus crispus, against β-amyloid-induced toxicity, in a transgenic caenorhabditis elegans, expressing human aβ1-42 gene. the methanol extract of c. crispus (cce), delayed β-amyloid-induced paralysis, whereas the water extract (ccw) was not effective. the cce treatment did not affect the transcript abundance of amy1; however, western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease of aβ speci ... | 2015 | 26492254 |
| the anti-inflammatory effect of algae-derived lipid extracts on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated human thp-1 macrophages. | algae contain a number of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 pufa) and chlorophyll a, hence as dietary ingredients, their extracts may be effective in chronic inflammation-linked metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. in this study, anti-inflammatory potential of lipid extracts from three red seaweeds (porphyra dioica, palmaria palmata and chondrus crispus) and one microalga (pavlova lutheri) were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (lps ... | 2015 | 26308008 |
| structural colour in chondrus crispus. | the marine world is incredibly rich in brilliant and intense colours. photonic structures are found in many different species and provide extremely complex optical responses that cannot be achieved solely by pigments. in this study we examine the cuticular structure of the red alga chondrus crispus (irish moss) using anatomical and optical approaches. we experimentally measure the optical response of the multilayer structure in the cuticle. using finite-difference time-domain modelling, we demon ... | 2015 | 26139470 |
| neuroprotective effects of the cultivated chondrus crispus in a c. elegans model of parkinson's disease. | parkinson's disease (pd) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly people, currently with no cure. its mechanisms are not well understood, thus studies targeting cause-directed therapy or prevention are needed. this study uses the transgenic caenorhabditis elegans pd model. we demonstrated that dietary supplementation of the worms with an extract from the cultivated red seaweed chondrus crispus decreased the accumulation of α-synulein and protected the worms from the ne ... | 2015 | 25874922 |
| chlorophyta and rhodophyta macroalgae: a source of health promoting phytochemicals. | a detailed study of the lipophilic composition of codium tomentosum, ulva lactuca, gracilaria vermiculophylla and chondrus crispus macroalgae cultivated in the portuguese coast was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after alkaline hydrolysis. their long-chain aliphatic alcohols and monoglycerides compositions are reported for the first time. additionally, other new compounds were also identified: phytol and neophytadiene in c. tomentosum, u. lactuca and g. vermiculoph ... | 2015 | 25863619 |
| chemical and mass spectrometry characterization of the red alga pyropia yezoensis chemoprotective protein (pyp): protective activity of the n-terminal fragment of pyp1 against acetaminophen-induced cell death in chang liver cells. | in the present study, the chemical structure and chemoprotective activity of pyropia yezoensis protein (pyp) were investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, automated protein sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-quadrupole ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a chemoprotective assay using a synthetic peptide. the pyp fraction was demonstrated to contain two proteins: pyp1 (10 kda, sds-resistant dimer) and pyp2 (10 kda). pyp1 is ... | 2015 | 25374159 |
| o father where art thou? paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid-diploid seaweed chondrus crispus. | the link between life history traits and mating systems in diploid organisms has been extensively addressed in the literature, whereas the degree of selfing and/or inbreeding in natural populations of haploid-diploid organisms, in which haploid gametophytes alternate with diploid sporophytes, has been rarely measured. dioecy has often been used as a proxy for the mating system in these organisms. yet, dioecy does not prevent the fusion of gametes from male and female gametophytes originating fro ... | 2015 | 25227258 |
| different speciation for bromine in brown and red algae, revealed by in vivo x-ray absorption spectroscopic studies. | members of various algal lineages are known to be strong producers of atmospherically relevant halogen emissions, that is a consequence of their capability to store and metabolize halogens. this study uses a noninvasive, synchrotron-based technique, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, for addressing in vivo bromine speciation in the brown algae ectocarpus siliculosus, ascophyllum nodosum, and fucus serratus, the red algae gracilaria dura, g. gracilis, chondrus crispus, osmundea pinnatifida, asparagop ... | 2014 | 26988449 |
| carrageenan: a natural seaweed polysaccharide and its applications. | polysaccharides have been gaining interesting and valuable applications in the food and pharmaceutical fields. as they are derived from the natural source, they are easily available, non-toxic, cheap, biodegradable and biocompatible. carrageenan is one among them, which fulfills the criteria of polysaccharide; it is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red seaweeds. the name carrageenan is derived from the chondrus crispus species of seaweed (rhodophyceace) known as carra ... | 2014 | 24708958 |
| rt-qpcr normalization genes in the red alga chondrus crispus. | chondrus crispus is a common red macroalga living on the rocky shores of the north atlantic ocean. it has a long research history, being a major source of carrageenan, a thickener widely used in the food industry, but also for physiological and ecological studies. to establish it as a model for red algae, its genome has been sequenced, allowing the development of molecular tools such as quantification of gene expression, including rnaseq and rt-qpcr. to determine appropriate genes for rt-qpcr no ... | 2014 | 24498277 |
| intertidal population genetic dynamics at a microgeographic seascape scale. | the intertidal community is among the most physically harsh niches on earth, with highly heterogeneous environmental and biological factors that impose strong habitat selection on population abundance, genetic connectivity and ecological adaptation of organisms in nature. however, most genetic studies to date have concentrated on the influence of basin-wide or regional marine environments (e.g. habitat discontinuities, oceanic currents and fronts, and geographic barriers) on spatiotemporal distr ... | 2013 | 24433569 |
| population studies and carrageenan properties in eight gigartinales (rhodophyta) from western coast of portugal. | eight carrageenophytes, representing seven genera and three families of gigartinales (florideophyceae), were studied for 15 months. the reproductive status, dry weight, and carrageenan content have been followed by a monthly random sampling. the highest carrageenan yields were found in chondracanthus acicularis (61.1%), gigartina pistillata (59.7%), and chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus (58.0%). species of cystocloniaceae family produces predominantly iota-carrageenans; gigartinaceae family ... | 2013 | 24288514 |
| community composition of the planctomycetes associated with different macroalgae. | insights into the diversity of marine natural microbial biofilms, as for example those developing at the surface of marine macroalgae, can be obtained by using molecular techniques based on 16s rrna genes. we applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) with 16s rrna genes-specific primers for planctomycetes to compare the communities of these organisms developing on six different macroalgae (chondrus crispus, fucus spiralis, mastocarpus stellatus, porphyra dioica, sargassum muticum, a ... | 2014 | 24266389 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the marine red alga grateloupia angusta (halymeniales). | the first complete mitochondrial genome (27,943 bp) of the halymenialean red alga, grateloupia angusta, was sequenced. the circular mitogenome contains 47 genes, including 26 protein-coding, 19 trna and 2 rrna genes. the rps3 and rpl16 genes are overlapped by 7 bp. the majority of protein-coding genes (17 of 26 genes) use typical atg start codon, however, 9 genes use alternative start codons such as att, aat, tta and ttg. the g. angusta mitogenome shows a significant difference to that of chondr ... | 2014 | 23789773 |
| photosynthesis in chondrus crispus: the contribution of energy spill-over in the regulation of excitonic flux. | chondrus crispus is a species of red algae that grows on rocks from the middle intertidal into the subtidal zones of the north atlantic coasts. as such, it has to cope with strongly variable abiotic conditions. here we studied the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of this red alga to illumination. we found that, as previously described in the case of the unicellular alga rhodella violacea (e. delphin et al., plant physiol. 118 (1998) 103-113), a single multi-turnover saturating pulse of l ... | 2013 | 23624348 |
| genome structure and metabolic features in the red seaweed chondrus crispus shed light on evolution of the archaeplastida. | red seaweeds are key components of coastal ecosystems and are economically important as food and as a source of gelling agents, but their genes and genomes have received little attention. here we report the sequencing of the 105-mbp genome of the florideophyte chondrus crispus (irish moss) and the annotation of the 9,606 genes. the genome features an unusual structure characterized by gene-dense regions surrounded by repeat-rich regions dominated by transposable elements. despite its fairly larg ... | 2013 | 23503846 |
| intergametophytic selfing and microgeographic genetic structure shape populations of the intertidal red seaweed chondrus crispus. | understanding how abiotic factors influence the spatial distribution of genetic variation provides insight into microevolutionary processes. the intertidal seascape is characterized by highly heterogeneous habitats which probably influence the partitioning of genetic variation at very small scales. the effects of tidal height on genetic variation in both the haploid (gametophytes) and diploid (tetrasporophytes) stages of the red alga chondrus crispus were studied. fronds were sampled every 25 cm ... | 2013 | 23294351 |
| geographic variation in feeding preference of a generalist herbivore: the importance of seaweed chemical defenses. | the ecological impacts of generalist herbivores depend on feeding preferences, which can vary across and within herbivore species. among mesoherbivores, geographic variation in host use can occur because host plants have a more restricted geographic distribution than does the herbivore, or there is local evolution in host preference, or both. we tested the role of local evolution using the marine amphipod ampithoe longimana by rearing multiple amphipod populations from three regions (subtropical ... | 2013 | 23263529 |
| a physicochemical study of al(+3) interactions with edible seaweed biomass in acidic waters. | in this article, a study of the al(+3) interactions in acidic waters with biomass of different edible seaweeds: brown (fucus vesiculosus, saccorhiza polyschides), red (mastocarpus stellatus, gelidium sesquipedale, chondrus crispus), and green (ulva rigida, codium tomentosum), has been performed. the influence of both, the initial concentration of metal and the solution ph, on the al-uptake capacity of the biomass has been analyzed. from preliminary tests, species fucus vesiculosus and gelidium s ... | 2012 | 22900947 |
| a molecular phylogeny of acrochaete and other endophytic green algae (ulvales, chlorophyta)(1). | a molecular phylogeny was reconstructed from a culture collection of >150 isolates of epi-endophytic and endophytic green algae, based on nucleotide sequences of the plastid tufa and nuclear its2 loci. the cultures were isolated from a variety of algal hosts, notably the red algae chondrus crispus, mastocarpus stellatus, and osmundea species, and the brown algae chorda filum and fucus serratus. the phylogeny revealed that in the ulvales the majority of isolates fell into acrochaete (ulvellaceae) ... | 2012 | 27009012 |
| application of mass spectrometric techniques for the trace analysis of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by seaweed. | knowledge of the composition and emission rates of iodine-containing volatiles from major widespread seaweed species is important for modeling the impact of halogens on gas-phase atmospheric chemistry, new particle formation, and climate. in this work, we present the application of mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by eight different seaweeds from the intertidal zone of helgoland, germany. a previously developed online time-of ... | 2012 | 22227744 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acids in various macroalgal species from north atlantic and tropical seas. | in this study the efficacy of using marine macroalgae as a source for polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are associated with the prevention of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders, was investigated. | 2011 | 21696609 |
| genetic population structure and mating system in chondrus crispus (rhodophyta)(1). | chondrus crispus stackh. has been intensely studied, yet no study to date has elucidated its population structure or mating system despite many populations in which there was a haploid bias and lack of male gametophytes. therefore, 12 nuclear microsatellite loci were identified in this red alga. microsatellite markers were developed and tested against a panel of specimens collected from two shore levels at two sites in brittany, france: pointe de primel and pointe de la jument, concarneau. singl ... | 2011 | 27021973 |
| unique genetic variation at a species' rear edge is under threat from global climate change. | global climate change is having a significant effect on the distributions of a wide variety of species, causing both range shifts and population extinctions. to date, however, no consensus has emerged on how these processes will affect the range-wide genetic diversity of impacted species. it has been suggested that species that recolonized from low-latitude refugia might harbour high levels of genetic variation in rear-edge populations, and that loss of these populations could cause a disproport ... | 2012 | 21593035 |
| post-pleistocene demographic history of the north atlantic endemic irish moss chondrus crispus: glacial survival, spatial expansion and gene flow. | range expansions and gene flow as micro-evolutionary processes played a leading role in the population demographic history of marine organisms. herein, we sequenced partial mtdna cox1 gene from 26 assigned geographical populations to understand how irish moss (chondrus crispus) responded to severe climatic oscillations during the pleistocene glaciations and contemporary forces such as gene flow. phylogeographic patterns indicated that haplotype frequency distributions were strongly skewed, with ... | 2011 | 21175909 |
| chlorophyll-binding proteins revisited--a multigenic family of light-harvesting and stress proteins from a brown algal perspective. | chlorophyll-binding proteins (cbps) constitute a large family of proteins with diverse functions in both light-harvesting and photoprotection. the evolution of cbps has been debated, especially with respect to the origin of the li818 subfamily, members of which function in non-photochemical quenching and have been found in chlorophyll a/c-containing algae and several organisms of the green lineage, but not in red algae so far. the recent publication of the ectocarpus siliculosus genome represent ... | 2010 | 21110855 |
| the cyclization of the 3,6-anhydro-galactose ring of iota-carrageenan is catalyzed by two d-galactose-2,6-sulfurylases in the red alga chondrus crispus. | carrageenans are sulfated galactans found in the cell walls of numerous red seaweeds (rhodophyta). they are classified according to the number and the position of sulfate ester groups and the occurrence of 3,6-anhydro-galactose. although the carrageenan biosynthesis pathway is not fully understood, it is usually accepted that the last step consists of the formation of a 3,6-anhydro ring found in kappa- and iota-carrageenans through the enzymatic conversion of d-galactose-6-sulfate or d-galactose ... | 2009 | 19734263 |
| postharvest culture in the dark: an eco-friendly alternative to alkali treatment for enhancing the gel quality of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan from chondrus crispus (gigartinales, rhodophyta). | after harvesting from natural stocks, female gametophytes of the red seaweed chondrus crispus were cultured for several days under a light-deprived regime in order to determine if dark treatment can improve the gel quality of carrageenan extracted from the seaweed. an increase in the gel strength of native carrageenan was observed after dark treatment for 10d, but not after 5d, as compared to that of freshly harvested (baseline) seaweed. corresponding decrease in sulfate and increase in 3,6-anhy ... | 2009 | 19138513 |
| tracing back efl gene evolution in the cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage: separate origins of efl genes in haptophytes, photosynthetic cryptomonads, and goniomonads. | a recently identified gtpase, elongation factor-like (efl) protein is proposed to bear the principal functions of translation elongation factor 1alpha (ef-1alpha). pioneering studies of ef-1alpha/efl evolution have revealed the phylogenetically scattered distribution of efl amongst eukaryotes, suggesting frequent eukaryote-to-eukaryote efl gene transfer events and subsequent replacements of ef-1alpha functions by efl. we here determined/identified seven new efl sequences of the photosynthetic cr ... | 2009 | 18585873 |
| new members of the glutathione transferase family discovered in red and brown algae. | the gsts (glutathione transferases) are involved in the detoxification of a wide variety of hydrophobic substrates. these enzymes have been found in virtually all types of organisms, including plants, animals, nematodes and bacteria. in the present study, we report the molecular and biochemical characterization of algal gsts. phylogenetic analysis showed that most of them were distinct from previously described gst classes, but were most closely related to the sigma class. profiling of gst genes ... | 2008 | 18315526 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from the red alga griffithsia okiensis. | red algae are distributed globally, and the group contains several commercially important species. griffithsia okiensis is one of the most extensively studied red algal species. in this study, we conducted expressed sequence tag (ests) analysis and synonymous codon usage analysis using cultured g. okiensis samples. a total of 1,104 cdna clones were sequenced using a cdna library made from samples collected from dolsan island, on the southern coast of korea. the clustering analysis of these seque ... | 2007 | 18176538 |
| response of the transcriptome of the intertidal red seaweed chondrus crispus to controlled and natural stresses. | intertidal seaweeds inhabit an inherently stressful environment with rapidly changing physical conditions with the turning tides. many macroalgae are therefore very resistant to abiotic stress; however, the bases for this tolerance and the relative importance of different stressors are largely unknown. here, the effects of stress on the transcriptome of the red seaweed chondrus crispus were investigated using cdna microarrays. the responses were studied after exposure to high light, high tempera ... | 2007 | 17803640 |
| sensitivity of the early life stages of macroalgae from the northern hemisphere to ultraviolet radiation. | the reproductive cells of macroalgae are regarded as the life history stages most susceptible to various environmental stresses, including uv radiation (uvr). uvr is proposed to determine the upper depth distribution limit of macroalgae on the shore. these hypotheses were tested by uv-exposure experiments, using spores and young thalli of the eulittoral rhodophyceae mastocarpus stellatus and chondrus crispus and various sublittoral brown macroalgae (phaeophyceae) with different depth distributio ... | 2010 | 17645656 |
| evidence for oxylipin synthesis and induction of a new polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroxylase activity in chondrus crispus in response to methyljasmonate. | signaling cascades involving oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) are known to operate in response to external stimuli. the marine red alga chondrus crispus uses both oxygenated derivatives of c18 (octadecanoids) and c20 (eicosanoids) pufas as developmental or defense hormones. the present study demonstrates that methyljasmonate (meja) triggers a cascade of oxidation of pufas leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins and other oxygenated fatty acids. as a re ... | 2007 | 17428728 |
| expression profiling of chondrus crispus (rhodophyta) after exposure to methyl jasmonate. | methyl jasmonate (meja) is a plant hormone important for the mediation of signals for developmental processes and defence reactions in higher plants. the effects of meja and the signalling pathways on other photosynthetic organism groups are largely unknown, even though meja may have very important roles. therefore the effects of meja in a red alga were studied. a medium-scale expression profiling approach to identify genes regulated by meja in the red seaweed chondrus crispus is described here. ... | 2006 | 17043086 |
| the hydrodynamic effects of shape and size change during reconfiguration of a flexible macroalga. | rocky intertidal organisms experience large hydrodynamic forces due to high water velocities created by breaking waves. flexible organisms, like macroalgae, often experience lower drag than rigid organisms because their shape and size change as velocity increases. this phenomenon, known as reconfiguration, has been previously quantified as vogel's e, a measure of the relationship between velocity and drag. while this method is very useful for comparing reconfiguration among organisms it does not ... | 2006 | 16651555 |
| nadph oxidases in eukaryotes: red algae provide new hints! | the red macro-alga chondrus crispus is known to produce superoxide radicals in response to cell-free extracts of its green algal pathogenic endophyte acrochaete operculata. so far, no enzymes involved in this metabolism have been isolated from red algae. we report here the isolation of a gene encoding a homologue of the respiratory burst oxidase gp91(phox) in c. crispus, named ccrboh. this single copy gene encodes a polypeptide of 825 amino acids. search performed in available genome and est alg ... | 2006 | 16344959 |
| apoplastic oxidation of l-asparagine is involved in the control of the green algal endophyte acrochaete operculata correa & nielsen by the red seaweed chondrus crispus stackhouse. | gametophytes of the marine alga chondrus crispus are more resistant than tetrasporophytes to infection by the filamentous endophytic alga acrochaete operculata. it has been shown recently that carrageenan oligosaccharides from the resistant gametophytic generation of c. crispus stimulate the secretion of l-asparagine (l-asn) by the endophyte and that the host generates hydrogen peroxide and 2-oxo-succinamic acid after contact with this amino acid. here the response of c. crispus to l-asn and its ... | 2005 | 15784529 |
| uptake and depuration of 131i by the edible periwinkle littorina littorea: uptake from labelled seaweed (chondrus crispus). | uptake and depuration experiments of (131)i from labelled seaweed (chondrus crispus) by the edible periwinkle littorina littorea have been performed. radioiodine concentrations in winkles during uptake followed first-order kinetics with an uptake half-time of 1 day, and a calculated equilibrium concentration (c(infinity)) of 21 000 bq kg(-1) resulting in a transfer factor of 0.07 with respect to the labelled seaweed used as food. for depuration, a biphasic sequence with biological half-lives of ... | 2005 | 15725502 |
| seasonal acclimatization of antioxidants and photosynthesis in chondrus crispus and mastocarpus stellatus, two co-occurring red algae with differing stress tolerances. | mastocarpus stellatus and chondrus crispus are red macroalgae that co-dominate the lower rocky intertidal zones of the northern atlantic coast. m. stellatus is more tolerant than c. crispus of environmental stresses, particularly those experienced during winter. this difference in tolerance has been attributed, in part, to greater contents or activities of certain antioxidants in m. stellatus. we compared the photosynthetic capacities and activities of three antioxidant enzymes--superoxide dismu ... | 2004 | 15616353 |
| a monochromatic action spectrum for the photoinduction of the uv-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid shinorine in the red alga chondrus crispus. | to determine the action spectrum for photoinduction of the ultraviolet (uv)-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid shinorine, specimens of the marine red alga chondrus crispus were irradiated with monochromatic light of various wavelengths using the okazaki large spectrograph at the national institute for basic biology, okazaki, japan. fluence response curves were determined for the wavelengths between 280 and 750 nm, by irradiating the algae with monochromatic light for 10 h, followed by 4 h of ... | 2004 | 15291302 |
| the innate immunity of a marine red alga involves oxylipins from both the eicosanoid and octadecanoid pathways. | the oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, known as oxylipins, are pivotal signaling molecules in animals and terrestrial plants. in animal systems, eicosanoids regulate cell differentiation, immune responses, and homeostasis. in contrast, terrestrial plants use derivatives of c18 and c16 fatty acids as developmental or defense hormones. marine algae have emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes as several distinct phyla, independent from the animal and green-plant lineages. the occurrence o ... | 2004 | 15247395 |
| use of ftir, ft-raman and 13c-nmr spectroscopy for identification of some seaweed phycocolloids. | many seaweeds produce phycocolloids, stored in the cell wall. members of the rhodophyceae produce polysaccharides the main components of which are galactose (galactans)-agar and carrageenan. in addition, alginic acid is extracted from members of the phaeophyceae. this is a binary polyuronide made up of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid. the wide uses of these phycocolloids are based on their gelling, viscosifying and emulsifying properties, which generate an increasing commercial and scientific ... | 2003 | 12919801 |
| carrageenophytes of occidental portuguese coast: 1-spectroscopic analysis in eight carrageenophytes from buarcos bay. | infrared and raman spectroscopic analysis of the carrageenan (alkaline extraction) in eight species (representing seven genera and four families) of gigartinales, in different reproductive phases from buarcos bay (figueira da foz, portugal), were studied. female gametophytes and non-fertile thalli samples of chondrus crispus, mastocarpus stellatus, chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, gigartina pistillata and chondracanthus acicularis present a kappa-carrageenan profile or varying degrees of ... | 2003 | 12919800 |
| a signal released by an endophytic attacker acts as a substrate for a rapid defensive reaction of the red alga chondrus crispus. | | 2002 | 12465036 |
| effect of humic substances on cu(ii) solubility in kaolin-sand soil. | the type and amount of organic matter present in industrially contaminated soils will influence the risk they pose. previous studies have shown the importance of humic and fulvic acids (fas) (important components of soil organic matter) in increasing the solubility of toxic metals but were not carried out using toxic metal levels and the ph range typical of industrially contaminated soils. this study investigated the influence of three humic substances (hss: humates, fulvates and humins) on the ... | 2002 | 12220826 |
| capacity of edible seaweeds to modify in vitro starch digestibility of wheat bread. | the capacity of two species of edible seaweeds (wakame, undaria pinnatifida and chondrus, chondrus crispus) to modify the rate of white bread starch digestibility by an in vitro digestion system, as well as glucose retardation index and apparent viscosity were studied. both algae showed different effect on glucose retardation index. while wakame did not make difficult dialysis of glucose, it only retained 2.50 +/- 2.99% to respect a negative control. chondrus impaired the diffusion of a 28.70 +/ ... | 2002 | 11890047 |
| drag, drafting, and mechanical interactions in canopies of the red alga chondrus crispus. | dense algal canopies, which are common in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal along rocky coastlines, can alter flow-induced forces in their vicinity. alteration of flow-induced forces on algal thalli may ameliorate risk of dislodgement and will affect important physiological processes, such as rates of photosynthesis. this study found that the force experienced by a thallus of the red alga chondrus crispus (stackhouse) at a given flow speed within a flow tank depended upon (1) the density ... | 2001 | 11687385 |
| hexose oxidase from chondrus crispus: improved purification using perfusion chromatography(*). | 1an improved method for purifying hexose oxidase (d-hexose: o(2) 1-oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.3.5) from the marine red alga chondrus crispus is described for obtaining enzyme suitable for structural characterization and use in bioconversion of lactose to lactobionic acid. this involved extracting enzyme from finely ground lyophilized tissue in sodium phosphate buffer (ph 7) containing 20% ammonium sulfate, eliminating the previously used solvent extraction and protease treatments, and by applying po ... | 2001 | 11427234 |
| on the structure of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans. | the coil-to-helix transition and temperature dependence of the viscosity of commercial kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans produced by the red algae sarcothalia crispata, mazaella laminarioides, and chondrus crispus were studied using rheometry and optical rotation. the structure of these kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans was determined by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy combined with monosaccharide composition analysis. the coil-to-helix transitions, measured by polarimetry and rheometry, of the kappa/iota ... | 2001 | 11383897 |
| photoinhibition of photosynthesis in macrocystis pyrifera (phaeophyceae), chondrus crispus (rhodophyceae) and ulva lactuca (chlorophyceae) in outdoor culture systems. | the effect of solar radiation on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence associated to photosystem ii (ps ii) was determined in the phaeophyta macrocystis pyrifera, the rhodophyta chondrus crispus and the chlorophyta ulva lactuca by oxygen evolution and pulse-amplitude-modulated (pam) fluorescence. the algae were maintained in 1.2 m3 outdoor tanks with constant aeration and at 8, 26 and 100% incident irradiance (e(o)). all three species showed a decrease in deltaf/f'm values during solar noo ... | 2000 | 11154083 |
| sulfated oligosaccharides mediate the interaction between a marine red alga and its green algal pathogenic endophyte. | the endophytic green alga acrochaete operculata completely colonizes the sporophytes of the red alga chondrus crispus; however, it does not penetrate beyond the outer cell layers of the gametophytes. given that the life cycle phases of c. crispus differ in the sulfation pattern of their extracellular matrix carrageenans, we investigated whether carra-geenan fragments could modulate parasite virulence. lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides induced release of h(2)o(2), stimulated protein synthesis, ... | 1999 | 10488232 |
| mrna expression in mitochondria of the red alga chondrus crispus requires a unique rna-processing mechanism, internal cleavage of upstream trnas at pyrimidine 48. | the hypothesis that trnas are involved in the maturation of the large primary transcripts of chondrus crispus mitochondrial dna was addressed by primer extension mapping of the transcript 5' ends of the ten genes that are preceded by trna genes in c. crispus mitochondrial genome. among the 12 trnas that were candidates as maturation signals, eight, namely trnaarg, trnalys, trnaasp, trnagln, trnatrp, trnaile, trnaphe and trnagly, were cleaved internally upon maturation of c. crispus mitochondrial ... | 1999 | 10329164 |
| a deviant mitochondrial genetic code in prymnesiophytes (yellow-algae): uga codon for tryptophan. | the sequence of a representative mitochondrial gene coxi, encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit i, was determined in five species that cover all the orders of the prymnesiophyta with the exception of the pavlovales. through this analysis, we noticed that the 'stop' codon uga appears frequently and, specifically, at conserved tryptophan (trp) sites of the gene. we showed these sites were not edited in the corresponding mrna in one of these species, isochrysis galbana. therefore, it is most likely ... | 1997 | 9342410 |