| the genome sequence of methanosphaera stadtmanae reveals why this human intestinal archaeon is restricted to methanol and h2 for methane formation and atp synthesis. | methanosphaera stadtmanae has the most restricted energy metabolism of all methanogenic archaea. this human intestinal inhabitant can generate methane only by reduction of methanol with h2 and is dependent on acetate as a carbon source. we report here the genome sequence of m. stadtmanae, which was found to be composed of 1,767,403 bp with an average g+c content of 28% and to harbor only 1,534 protein-encoding sequences (cds). the genome lacks 37 cds present in the genomes of all other methanoge ... | 2006 | 16385054 |
| evidence of increased diversity of methanogenic archaea with plant extract supplementation. | this study evaluated the effects of selected essential oils on archaeal communities using the ovine rumen model. forty weaned canadian arcott ewes, fed with barley-based diet, were allotted to one of three essential oil supplementation treatments or a control (10 ewes per treatment) for 13 weeks. the treatments were cinnamaldehyde, garlic oil, juniper berry oil, and a control with no additive. rumen content was sampled after slaughter and grouped by treatment by combining subsamples from each an ... | 2008 | 18075710 |
| microbial monitoring by molecular tools of a two-phase anaerobic bioreactor treating fruit and vegetable wastes. | microbial consortia in a two-phase, anaerobic bioreactor using a mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes were established. bacterial and archaeal communities obtained by a culture-independent approach based on single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of total 16s rdna showed the adaptation of the microflora to the process parameters. throughout the 90 d of the study, the species composition of the bacterial community changed significantly. bacterial 16s rdna showed at least 7 different maj ... | 2004 | 15269562 |
| reduction of fe(iii) oxide by methanogens in the presence and absence of extracellular quinones. | five methanogens (methanosarcina barkeri ms, methanosphaera cuniculi 1r7, methanobacterium palustre f, methanococcus voltaei a3 and methanolobus vulcani pl-12/m) were investigated for their ability to reduce fe(iii) oxide and the soluble quinone anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (aqds). two species (m. barkeri and m. voltaei) reduced significant amounts of fe(iii) oxide using hydrogen as the electron donor, and 0.1 mm aqds greatly accelerated fe(iii) reduction by these organisms. although fe(iii) a ... | 2002 | 11972621 |
| phylogenetic analysis of methanogens from the bovine rumen. | interest in methanogens from ruminants has resulted from the role of methane in global warming and from the fact that cattle typically lose 6 % of ingested energy as methane. several species of methanogens have been isolated from ruminants. however they are difficult to culture, few have been consistently found in high numbers, and it is likely that major species of rumen methanogens are yet to be identified. | 2001 | 11384509 |
| purification of the nadp+:f420 oxidoreductase of methanosphaera stadtmanae. | methanosphaera stadtmanae (dsm 3091) is a methanogen that requires h2 and ch3oh for methanogenesis. the organism does not possess an f420-dependent hydrogenase and only low levels of f420. it does however possess nadp+:f420 oxidoreductase activity. the nadp+:f420 oxidoreductase, the enzyme which catalyses the electron transfer between nadp+ and f420 in this organism, was purified and characterized. nad+, nadh, fmn, and fad could not be used as electron acceptors. optimal ph for f420 reduction wa ... | 2000 | 11109487 |
| a structural comparison of the total polar lipids from the human archaea methanobrevibacter smithii and methanosphaera stadtmanae and its relevance to the adjuvant activities of their liposomes. | mice were immunized with bovine serum albumin (bsa) entrapped within archaeosomes (i.e. liposomes) composed of the total polar lipids (tpl) from the two methanogenic archaea common to the human digestive tract. methanobrevibacter smithii archaeosomes boosted serum anti-bsa antibody to titers comparable to those achieved with freund's adjuvant, whereas methanosphaera stadtmanae archaeosomes were relatively poor adjuvants. an explanation for this difference was sought by analysis of the polar lipi ... | 1999 | 10521711 |
| investigation of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in methanogens. | the cofactor specificity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt) activities was tested in extracts of several methanogens using tetrahydromethanopterin (h4mpt) from methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum marburg, tetrahydrosarcinapterin (h4spt) from methanosarcina barkeri, and tetrahydrofolate (h4folate) as the potential c1 carrier. in methanosphaera stadtmanae and methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, the activities were h4mpt dependent. in methanospirillum hungatei gp1, methanosaeta concilii, me ... | 1998 | 9783425 |
| methanogenic bacteria: presence in foodstuffs. | methanogenic bacteria are anaerobic, oxygen-intolerant microorganisms, and it is only by studying the different habitats of such bacteria that fundamental information about their ecology becomes available. this research has evaluated methanogenic bacteria in apparently aerobic ecosystems, in foodstuffs not subjected to chemical-physical reclamation processes, where the presence of methanogenic bacteria has never been investigated. methanogenic bacteria, ascribable to the methanogenium, methanoba ... | 1998 | 9637008 |
| solid 13c cpmas nmr spectroscopy studies of biosynthesis in whole cells of methanosphaera stadtmanae. | whole cells of methanosphaera stadtmanae were grown in media containing [13c]co2, [2-13c]acetate, [1-13c]acetate, [3-13c]serine and [1-13c]formate. the label incorporation was determined using solid state 13c cpmas nmr spectroscopy. the incorporation of serine hydroxymethyl carbon into the purine rings of nucleic acids and most probably the methyl group of thymine is demonstrated. the one carbon atom pathway shown in our previous work is operative in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines. ... | 1996 | 9050163 |
| cofactor contents of methanogenic bacteria reviewed. | the content of specific methanogenic cofactors was assessed for a range of hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogenic bacteria grown on different substrates using high performance liquid chromatography. in general, all methanogens were found to contain coenzyme f420 analogues, methanopterin (mpt) analogues and 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide (vitamin b12-hbi). in hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the genera methano-bacterium and methanobrevibacter, as a rule, coenzymes f420-2 and f420-3 as w ... | 1994 | 7916957 |
| methanosphaera stadtmaniae gen. nov., sp. nov.: a species that forms methane by reducing methanol with hydrogen. | methanosphaera stadtmaniae is a non-motile, gram-positive spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy for growth by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. it does not produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, formate, acetate or methylamines and cannot grow with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, nitrate, fumarate, sulfate or choline. its ph optimum is 6.5 to 6.9 and its temperature optimum is 36 degrees to 40 degrees c. it is not inhibited by bile salts, inhibitors of the synthesis ... | 1985 | 3994486 |
| methanogen community structure in the rumens of farmed sheep, cattle and red deer fed different diets. | development of inhibitors and vaccines that mitigate rumen-derived methane by targeting methanogens relies on knowledge of the methanogens present. we investigated the composition of archaeal communities in the rumens of farmed sheep (ovis aries), cattle (bos taurus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to generate fingerprints of archaeal 16s rrna genes. the total archaeal communities were relatively constant across species and diets, and were less ... | 2011 | 21255054 |
| methanogenic bacteria from human dental plaque. | samples of human dental plaque were examined for the presence of methanogenic bacteria. of 54 samples from 36 patients, 20 yielded h2/co2-using methanogenic enrichment cultures. all methanogen-positive samples were from patients with some degree of periodontal disease. the predominant populations in the enrichments had morphologies characteristic of methanobrevibacter spp. in six enrichments derived from three patients, the common methanogen was antigenically similar to methanobrevibacter smithi ... | 1988 | 3355146 |
| isolation and characterization of "methanosphaera cuniculi" sp. nov. | a nonmotile, gram-positive, spherical organism was isolated from the intestinal tracts of rabbits. both hydrogen and methanol were required for growth. no methane was produced from hydrogen-carbon dioxide, formate, acetate, methylamines, ethanol, or isopropanol. the optimum ph was 6.8, and the optimum temperature was 35 to 40 degrees c. the dna g+c content is 23 mol%. the pseudomurein cell wall contained serine. these characteristics and the immunological fingerprinting results are consistent wi ... | 1988 | 3132100 |
| methanogenic pathways in methanosphaera stadtmanae. | methanosphaera stadtmanae reduces methanol to ch4 in a similar way as methanosarcina barkeri. low activities of 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase (mtdh) and reductase (mtr) were found. from studies on formaldehyde oxidation and reduction it was concluded that most likely the inability to reduce co2 to ch4 was due to the lack of an active or the presence of an inactive co2 reductase system and methyltetrahydromethanopterin (methyl-h4mpt): coenzyme m methyltransferase. methanofur ... | 1991 | 1909277 |
| diversity of the resident microbiota in a thermophilic municipal biogas plant. | biogas plants continuously convert biological wastes mainly into a mixture of methane, co2 and h2o-a conversion that is carried out by a consortium of bacteria and archaea. especially in the municipal plants dedicated towards waste treatment, the reactor feed may vary considerably, exposing the resident microbiota to a changing variety of substrates. to evaluate how and if such changes influence the microbiology, an established biogas plant (6,600 m3, up to 600 m3 biogas per h) was followed over ... | 2008 | 18820906 |
| a putative new order of methanogenic archaea inhabiting the human gut, as revealed by molecular analyses of the mcra gene. | the diversity of methanogenic archaea from the gut of 6 humans was investigated by targeting mcra, a molecular metabolic marker of methanogenesis. three operational taxonomic units (otus) were recovered from about 400 clones analyzed, two of which were attributed to the expected methanobacteriales methanobrevibacter smithii (4 volunteers) and methanosphaera stadtmanae (1 volunteer). the third otu (1 volunteer) corresponded to a distant phylotype that does not cluster with any of the five methano ... | 2008 | 18644435 |
| volatilisation of metals and metalloids: an inherent feature of methanoarchaea? | as shown by recent studies, anaerobic members of archaea and bacteria are involved in processes that transform ionic species of metals and metalloids (arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and mercury) into volatile and mostly toxic derivatives (mainly methyl derivatives or hydrides). since the fact that these transformations proceed in both environmental settings and in parts of the human body, we have to consider that these processes also interfere directly with human health. the div ... | 2008 | 18396004 |
| [molecular diversity of rumen archaea from jinnan cattle]. | molecular diversities of rumen archaea of jinnan (south shanxi province, china) cattle was analyzed and compared by 16s rrna gene sequencing from three clone libraries generated using three different archaea-specific primer sets, respectively. dna from rumen of 4 jinnan cattle was extracted, and methanogen 16s rrna gene was amplified using archaea-specific primer sets. three clone libraries were generated by using vector pgem-t and cloning into e.coli jm109. one hundred clones were randomly pick ... | 2008 | 18338569 |
| evaluations of different hypervariable regions of archaeal 16s rrna genes in profiling of methanogens by archaea-specific pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | different hypervariable (v) regions of the archaeal 16s rrna gene (rrs) were compared systematically to establish a preferred v region(s) for use in archaea-specific pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). the pcr products of the v3 region produced the most informative dgge profiles and permitted identification of common methanogens from rumen samples from sheep. this study also showed that different methanogens might be detected when different v regions are targeted by pcr-dgge. die ... | 2008 | 18083874 |
| postinoculation protozoan establishment and association patterns of methanogenic archaea in the ovine rumen. | association patterns between archaea and rumen protozoa were evaluated by analyzing archaeal 16s rrna gene clone libraries from ovine rumen inoculated with different protozoa. five protozoan inoculation treatments, fauna free (negative control), holotrich and cellulolytic protozoa, isotricha and dasytricha spp., entodinium spp., and total fauna (type a) were tested. we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, quantitative pcr, and phylogenetic analysis to evaluate the impact of the protozoa ... | 2007 | 17513586 |
| analysis of methanogen diversity in the rumen using temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis: identification of uncultured methanogens. | a temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) method was developed to determine the diversity of methanogen populations in the rumen. tests with amplicons from genomic dna from 12 cultured methanogens showed single bands for all strains, with only two showing apparently comigrating bands. fingerprints of methanogen populations were analyzed from dna extracted from rumen contents from two cattle and four sheep grazing pasture. for one sheep, dilution cultures selective for methanogen ... | 2007 | 17431710 |
| identification of pseudomurein cell wall binding domains. | methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus is a methanogenic gram-positive microorganism with a cell wall consisting of pseudomurein. currently, no information is available on extracellular pseudomurein biology and so far only two prophage pseudomurein autolysins, peiw and peip, have been reported. in this paper we show that peiw and peip contain two different n-terminal pseudomurein cell wall binding domains. this finding was used to identify a novel domain, pb007923, on the m. thermautotrophicus g ... | 2006 | 17427286 |
| the competitive success of methanomicrococcus blatticola, a dominant methylotrophic methanogen in the cockroach hindgut, is supported by high substrate affinities and favorable thermodynamics. | methanomicrococcus blatticola is an obligately anaerobic methanogen that derives the energy for growth exclusively from the reduction of methylated compounds to methane with molecular hydrogen as energy source. competition for methanol (concentration below 10 microm) and h(2) (concentration below 500 pa), as well as oxidative stress due to the presence of oxygen are likely to occur in the peripheral region of the cockroach hindgut, the species' normal habitat. we investigated the ecophysiologica ... | 2007 | 17367516 |
| application of pseudomurein endoisopeptidase to fluorescence in situ hybridization of methanogens within the family methanobacteriaceae. | in situ detection of methanogens within the family methanobacteriaceae is sometimes known to be unsuccessful due to the difficulty in permeability of oligonucleotide probes. pseudomurein endoisopeptidase (pei), a lytic enzyme that specifically acts on their cell walls, was applied prior to 16s rrna-targeting fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). for this purpose, pure cultured methanogens within this family, methanobacterium bryantii, methanobrevibacter ruminantium, methanosphaera stadtmana ... | 2006 | 16950902 |
| solution (sup13)c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the amino acids of methanosphaera stadtmanae: biosynthesis and origin of one-carbon units from acetate and carbon dioxide. | we found that general pathways for amino acid synthesis of methanosphaera stadtmanae, a methanogen that forms ch(inf4) from h(inf2) and methanol, resembled those of methanogens that form ch(inf4) from co(inf2) or from the methyl group of acetate. we determined the incorporation of (sup14)c-labeled co(inf2), formate, methanol, methionine, serine, and acetate into cell macromolecules. labeling of amino acid carbons was determined by solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy after growth wit ... | 1995 | 16534983 |
| 16s rdna directed pcr primers and detection of methanogens in the bovine rumen. | to assess the diversity of ruminal methanogens in a grazing cow, and develop pcr primers targeting the predominant methanogens. | 2006 | 16478508 |
| rumen-like methanogens identified from the crop of the folivorous south american bird, the hoatzin (opisthocomus hoazin). | the hoatzin is the only known avian species with foregut fermentation. it is a primarily folivorous feeder and has a distended crop and lower/distal esophagus, which has evolved for the microbial fermentation of ingested feed. crop samples collected from 10 individual animals from the apure river area, apure state, venezuela were examined for the presence and density of methanogens using 16s rrna gene clone libraries and real-time pcr prepared from pooled and individual pcr products. a total of ... | 2009 | 19387486 |
| molecular identification and dynamics of microbial communities in reactor treating organic household waste. | the prokaryotic diversity associated with organic household waste (ohw), leachate (start-up inoculum), and mesophilic anaerobic digestion processes in the degradation of ohw for 44 and 90 days was investigated using a culture-independent approach. bacterial and archaeal 16s rrna and mcra gene clone libraries were constructed from community dna preparations. bacterial clones were affiliated with 13 phyla, of which firmicutes, proteobacteria, and bacteroidetes were represented in all libraries, wh ... | 2009 | 19551378 |
| culture-independent characterization of archaeal biodiversity in swine confinement building bioaerosols. | it was previously demonstrated that microbial communities of pig manure were composed of both bacteria and archaea. recent studies have shown that bacteria are aerosolized from pig manure, but none have ever focused on the airborne archaeal burden. we sought here to develop and apply molecular ecology approaches to thoroughly characterize airborne archaea from swine confinement buildings (scbs). eight swine operations were visited, twice in winter and once during summer. institute of occupationa ... | 2009 | 19561186 |
| assessment of the microbial ecology of ruminal methanogens in cattle with different feed efficiencies. | cattle with high feed efficiencies (designated "efficient") produce less methane gas than those with low feed efficiencies (designated "inefficient"); however, the role of the methane producers in such difference is unknown. this study investigated whether the structures and populations of methanogens in the rumen were associated with differences in cattle feed efficiencies by using culture-independent methods. two 16s rrna libraries were constructed using approximately 800-bp amplicons generate ... | 2009 | 19717632 |
| high prevalence of methanobrevibacter smithii and methanosphaera stadtmanae detected in the human gut using an improved dna detection protocol. | the low and variable prevalence of methanobrevibacter smithii and methanosphaera stadtmanae dna in human stool contrasts with the paramount role of these methanogenic archaea in digestion processes. we hypothesized that this contrast is a consequence of the inefficiencies of current protocols for archaeon dna extraction. we developed a new protocol for the extraction and pcr-based detection of m. smithii and m. stadtmanae dna in human stool. | 2009 | 19759898 |
| design and development of the anaerochip microarray for investigation of methanogenic communities. | the aim of this study was to design a microarray targeting methanogens found in anaerobic digesters, and to apply this chip together with a cloning approach to investigate the methanogenic community present in an anaerobic digester. oligonucleotide probes were designed based on sequence differences in the 16s rrna genes in order to target microorganisms in situ. for microarray hybridisations, dna was subjected to pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene and cy5-labeled. the microarray was tested w ... | 2009 | 19799937 |
| methanogenic diversity studies within the rumen of surti buffaloes based on methyl coenzyme m reductase a (mcra) genes point to methanobacteriales. | methane emissions from ruminant livestock are considered to be one of the more potent forms of greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. many strategies to reduce emissions are targeting the methanogens that inhabit the rumen, but such an approach can only be successful if it targets all the major groups of ruminant methanogens. therefore, basic knowledge of the diversity of these microbes in breeds of buffalo is required. therefore, the methanogenic community in the rumen of surti buffal ... | 2010 | 21033580 |
| fate of organic carbon in uafb treating raw sewage: impact of moderate to low temperature. | the anaerobic biological treatment of raw sewage under low ambient temperatures was investigated in an up-flow anaerobic fixed bed (uafb) reactor, over a 220-day trial period. the operating temperature was lowered stepwisely from 35 to 25, 20 and 15°c. obvious accumulation of acetic acid was observed in the effluent as the temperature dropped, which almost tripled at 15°c compared to that at 35°c. an interesting psychrophilic-forward-shift trend of methane production rate following the decrease ... | 2010 | 21036039 |
| the discussion goes on: what is the role of euryarchaeota in humans? | the human body (primarily the intestinal tract, the oral cavity, and the skin) harbours approximately 1,000 different bacterial species. however, the number of archaeal species known to colonize man seems to be confined to a handful of organisms within the class euryarchaeota (including methanobrevibacter smithii, m. oralis, and methanosphaera stadtmanae). in contrast to this conspicuously low diversity of archaea in humans their unique physiology in conjunction with the growing number of report ... | 2010 | 21253553 |
| phylogenetic analysis of methanogens in the pig feces. | in order to assess methanogen diversity in feces of pigs, archaeal 16s rrna gene clone libraries were constructed from feces of the pig. after the amplification by pcr using primers met86f and met1340r, equal quantities of pcr products from each of the five pigs were mixed together and used to construct the library. sequence analysis showed that the 74 clones were divided into ten phylotypes as defined by rflp analysis. phylogenetic analysis showed that three phylotypes were most closely affilia ... | 2011 | 21259005 |
| differences in the rumen methanogen populations of lactating jersey and holstein dairy cows under the same diet regimen. | in the dairy cattle industry, holstein and jersey are the breeds most commonly used for production. they differ in performance by various traits, such as body size, milk production, and milk composition. with increased concerns about the impact of agriculture on climate change, potential differences in other traits, such as methane emission, also need to be characterized further. since methane is produced in the rumen by methanogenic archaea, we investigated whether the population structure of m ... | 2011 | 21705541 |
| the antimicrobial resistance pattern of cultured human methanogens reflects the unique phylogenetic position of archaea. | objectives methanogenic archaea are constant members of the human oral and digestive microbiota retrieved, in particular, from periodontitis lesions. the objective of the study was to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobials. methods using the macrodilution method in hungate tubes with optical microscope observation combined with monitoring methane production, we determined the antibiotic resistance characteristics of eight methanogenic archaea. results methanobrevibacter smithii strains ... | 2011 | 21680581 |
| Immunogenic properties of archaeal species found in bioaerosols. | The etiology of bioaerosol-related pulmonary diseases remains poorly understood. Recently, archaea emerged as prominent airborne components of agricultural environments, but the consequences of airway exposure to archaea remain unknown. Since subcomponents of archaea can be immunogenic, we used a murine model to study the pulmonary immune responses to two archaeal species found in agricultural facilities: Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS) and Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS). Mice were administere ... | 2011 | 21858070 |
| archaea as emerging organisms in complex human microbiomes. | in this work, we review the state of knowledge of archaea associated with the human microbiome. these prokaryotes, initially discovered in extreme environments, were named archaea because these environments were thought to be the most primitive on earth. further research revealed that this terminology is misleading because these organisms were later found in various non-extreme environments, including the human host. further examination of the human microbiome has enabled the isolation of three ... | 2011 | 21420503 |
| bacteria and archaea community structure in the rumen microbiome of goats (capra hircus) from the semiarid region of brazil. | most studies present in the literature about the rumen microbiome have focused on cattle and sheep. this is the first report of the characterization of the bacterial and archaeal communities present in the liquid and solid-associated fractions of the rumen from free ranging moxotó breed goats using 16s rrna gene libraries. pcr was used to amplify the 16s rrna gene with bacterial and archaeal universal primers and sequences from each library constructed were obtained. sequences of bacteria from t ... | 2011 | 21575735 |
| a 'universal' type ii chaperonin pcr detection system for the investigation of archaea in complex microbial communities. | bacteria and archaea are evolutionarily and biochemically distinct domains found together in many environments. robust 'universal' pcr primer sets targeting both the bacterial 16s rrna gene and the type i chaperonin gene have been established. however, 'universal' pcr primers for archaea are currently limited to the 16s rrna gene. we investigated the type ii chaperonin (known as the thermosome, tf55, cct or tcp-1) as a potential universal target (ut) for archaea. reproducible amplification of th ... | 2011 | 21776031 |