| natural relationships among sulfate-reducing eubacteria. | phylogenetic relationships among 20 nonsporeforming and two endospore-forming species of sulfate-reducing eubacteria were inferred from comparative 16s rrna sequencing. all genera of mesophilic sulfate-reducing eubacteria except the new genus desulfomicrobium and the gliding desulfonema species were included. the sporeforming species desulfotomaculum ruminis and desulfotomaculum orientis were found to be gram-positive organisms sharing 83% 16s rrna sequence similarity, indicating that this genus ... | 1989 | 2480344 |
| anaerobic degradation of aniline and dihydroxybenzenes by newly isolated sulfate-reducing bacteria and description of desulfobacterium anilini. | a new, rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporing sulfate reducer (strain ani1) was enriched and isolated from marine sediment with aniline as sole electron donor and carbon source. the strain degraded aniline completely to co2 and nh3 with stoichiometric reduction of sulfate to sulfide. strain ani1 also degraded aminobenzoates and further aromatic and aliphatic compounds. the strain grew in sulfide-reduced mineral medium supplemented only with vitamin b12 and thiamine. cells contained cytochromes, ... | 1989 | 2589921 |
| transformation of tetrachloromethane to dichloromethane and carbon dioxide by acetobacterium woodii. | five anaerobic bacteria were tested for their abilities to transform tetrachloromethane so that information about enzymes involved in reductive dehalogenations of polychloromethanes could be obtained. cultures of the sulfate reducer desulfobacterium autotrophicum transformed some 80 microm tetrachloromethane to trichloromethane and a small amount of dichloromethane in 18 days under conditions of heterotrophic growth. the acetogens acetobacterium woodii and clostridium thermoaceticum in fructose- ... | 1988 | 3145712 |
| 5'-methylbenzimidazolyl-cobamides are the corrinoids from some sulfate-reducing and sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. | the sulfate-reducing bacteria desulfobacterium autotrophicum, desulfobulbus propionicus and archaeoglobus fulgidus (vc-16) and the sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria desulfurolobus ambivalens and thermoplasma acidophilum were found to contain considerable amounts of corrinoids, that were isolated and crystallized in their co beta-cyano form. in three other sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria, thermoproteus neutrophilus, pyrodictium occultum and staphylothermus marinus significant amounts of corri ... | 1988 | 3416881 |
| pathway of butyrate catabolism by desulfobacterium cetonicum. | desulfobacterium cetonicum 480 oxidized butyrate to 1 mol of acetate and 2 mol of co2; this reaction was coupled to reduction of sulfate to sulfide. butyrate was activated by coenzyme a (coa) transfer from acetyl-coa, and butyryl-coa was oxidized to acetyl-coa by a classical beta-oxidation pathway. acetyl-coa was oxidized through the acetyl-coa/carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway. there was a rapid exchange of 14co2 into the intermediate coa esters and into acetate and butyrate, showing that a ... | 1995 | 7601855 |
| complete oxidation of toluene under strictly anoxic conditions by a new sulfate-reducing bacterium. | a toluene-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain tol2, was isolated from marine sediment under strictly anoxic conditions. toluene was toxic if applied directly to the medium at concentrations higher than 0.5 mm. to provide toluene continuously at a nontoxic concentration, it was supplied in an inert hydrophobic carrier phase. the isolate had oval, sometimes motile cells (1.2 to 1.4 by 1.2 to 2.0 microns). the doubling time was 27 h. toluene was completely oxidized to co2, as demonstrated ... | 1993 | 7686000 |
| metabolic pathways and energetics of the acetone-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium, desulfobacterium cetonicum. | acetone degradation by cell suspensions of desulfobacterium cetonicum was co2-dependent, indicating initiation by a carboxylation reaction. degradation of butyrate was not co2-dependent, and acetate accumulated at a ratio of 1 mol acetate per mol butyrate degraded. in cultures grown on acetone, no coa transfer apparently occurred, and no acetate accumulated in the medium. no coa-ligase activities were detected in cell-free crude extracts. this suggested that the carboxylation of acetone to aceto ... | 1995 | 7778975 |
| anaerobic degradation of catechol by desulfobacterium sp. strain cat2 proceeds via carboxylation to protocatechuate. | under anoxic conditions, most methoxylated mononuclear aromatic compounds are degraded by bacteria, with catechol being formed as an important intermediate. on the basis of our experiments with the sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfobacterium sp. strain cat2, we describe for the first time the enzymatic activities involved in the complete anaerobic oxidation of catechol and protocatechuate. results obtained from experiments with dense cell suspensions of strain cat2 demonstrated that all enzymes ... | 1994 | 7944370 |
| characterization of microbial communities in anaerobic bioreactors using molecular probes. | the microbial community structure of twenty-one single-phase and one two-phase full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digesters was evaluated using oligonucleotide probes complementary to conserved tracts of the 16s rrnas of phylogenetically defined groups of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. these probe results were interpreted in combination with results from traditional chemical analyses and metabolic activity assays. it was determined that methanogens in "healthy" mesophilic, single-pha ... | 1995 | 8821785 |
| demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate to 3-s-methylmercaptopropionate by marine sulfate-reducing bacteria. | the initial step in the anaerobic degradation of the algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp) in anoxic marine sediments involves either a cleavage to dimethylsulfide and acrylate or a demethylation to 3-s-methylmercaptopropionate. thus far, only one anaerobic bacterial strain has been shown to carry out the demethylation, namely, desulfobacterium sp. strain pm4. the aims of the present work were to study how common this property is among certain groups of anaerobic bacteria and to obtai ... | 1996 | 8899985 |
| amino acid degradation by the mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfobacterium vacuolatum | desulfobacterium vacuolatum strain ibrm was able to grow using casamino acids as a source of carbon, energy and nitrogen. growth was accompanied by utilization of several amino acids and sulfide production. proline and glutamate were used preferentially and to the greatest extent. glycine, serine and alanine were used more slowly and only after proline and glutamate were used. isoleucine, valine, leucine and aspartate decrease was slowest and occurred in a linear fashion throughout the growth ph ... | 1998 | 9396838 |
| tetrahydrofolate serves as a methyl acceptor in the demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in cell extracts of sulfate-reducing bacteria. | tetrahydrofolate was shown to function as a methyl acceptor in the anaerobic demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate to methylthiopropionate in cell extracts of the sulfate-reducing bacterium strain wn. dimethylsulfoniopropionate-dependent activities were 0.56 micromol methyltetrahydrofolate min-1 (mg protein)-1 and were higher than required to explain the growth rate of strain wn on dimethylsulfoniopropionate. the reaction did not require atp or reductive activation by titanium(iii)-nitrilo ... | 1998 | 9396840 |
| anaerobic oxidation of o-xylene, m-xylene, and homologous alkylbenzenes by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria. | various alkylbenzenes were depleted during growth of an anaerobic, sulfate-reducing enrichment culture with crude oil as the only source of organic substrates. from this culture, two new types of mesophilic, rod-shaped sulfate-reducing bacteria, strains oxys1 and mxys1, were isolated with o-xylene and m-xylene, respectively, as organic substrates. sequence analyses of 16s rrna genes revealed that the isolates affiliated with known completely oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria of the delta subcl ... | 1999 | 10049854 |
| diversity of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes of bacteria associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid alvinella pompejana. | a unique community of bacteria colonizes the dorsal integument of the polychaete annelid alvinella pompejana, which inhabits the high-temperature environments of active deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the east pacific rise. the composition of this bacterial community was characterized in previous studies by using a 16s rrna gene clone library and in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. in the present study, a pair of pcr primers (p94-f and p93-r) were used to amplify a segment of th ... | 1999 | 10049872 |
| anaerobic degradation of m-cresol by desulfobacterium cetonicum is initiated by formation of 3-hydroxybenzylsuccinate. | the anaerobic bacterium desulfobacterium cetonicum oxidized m-cresol completely with sulfate as electron acceptor. during growth, 3-hydroxybenzylsuccinate (identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and by comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography retention time and uv spectrum with a chemically synthesized reference compound) accumulated in the medium. this finding indicates that the methyl group of m-cresol is activated by addition to fumarate as in the case of anaerobic tol ... | 1999 | 10550470 |
| sulfate-reducing bacteria methylate mercury at variable rates in pure culture and in marine sediments. | differences in methylmercury (ch(3)hg) production normalized to the sulfate reduction rate (srr) in various species of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) were quantified in pure cultures and in marine sediment slurries in order to determine if srb strains which differ phylogenetically methylate mercury (hg) at similar rates. cultures representing five genera of the srb (desulfovibrio desulfuricans, desulfobulbus propionicus, desulfococcus multivorans, desulfobacter sp. strain bg-8, and desulfobacte ... | 2000 | 10831421 |
| development of oligonucleotide probes and pcr primers for detecting phylogenetic subgroups of sulfate-reducing bacteria. | pcr primer sets for the 16s rrna gene of six phylogenetic groups of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) were designed. their application in conjunction with group-specific internal oligonucleotide probes was used to detect srb dna in samples of landfill leachate. six generic/suprageneric groups could be differentiated: desulfotomaculum:; desulfobulbus:; desulfobacterium:; desulfobacter:; desulfococcus:-desulfonema:-desulfosarcina:; desulfovibrio:-desulfomicrobium: the predicted specificities of the ... | 2000 | 10878133 |
| initiation of anaerobic degradation of p-cresol by formation of 4-hydroxybenzylsuccinate in desulfobacterium cetonicum. | the anaerobic bacterium desulfobacterium cetonicum oxidized p-cresol completely to co(2) with sulfate as the electron acceptor. during growth, 4-hydroxybenzylsuccinate accumulated in the medium. this finding indicated that the methyl group of p-cresol is activated by addition to fumarate, analogous to anaerobic toluene, m-xylene, and m-cresol degradation. in cell extracts, the formation of 4-hydroxybenzylsuccinate from p-cresol and fumarate was detected at an initial rate of 0.57 nmol min(-1) (m ... | 2001 | 11133971 |
| reclassification of desulfobacterium phenolicum as desulfobacula phenolica comb. nov. and description of strain saxt as desulfotignum balticum gen. nov., sp. nov. | a mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain saxt) was isolated from marine coastal sediment in the baltic sea and originally described as a 'desulfoarculus' sp. it used a large variety of substrates, ranging from simple organic compounds and fatty acids to aromatic compounds as electron donors. autotrophic growth was possible with h2, co2 and formate in the presence of sulfate. sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfite were used as electron acceptors. sulfur and nitrate were not reduced. fermentativ ... | 2001 | 11211256 |
| use of 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes to investigate the distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria in estuarine sediments. | the distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria (srbs) in three anaerobic sediments, one predominantly freshwater and low sulphate and two predominantly marine and high sulphate, on the river tama, tokyo, japan, was investigated using 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. hybridisation results and sulphate reduction measurements indicated that srbs are a minor part of the bacterial population in the freshwater sediments. only desulfobulbus and desulfobacterium were detected, representing 1.6% ... | 2001 | 11451520 |
| stable hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during microbial toluene degradation: mechanistic and environmental aspects. | primary features of hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during toluene degradation were studied to evaluate if analysis of isotope signatures can be used as a tool to monitor biodegradation in contaminated aquifers. d/h hydrogen isotope fractionation during microbial degradation of toluene was measured by gas chromatography. per-deuterated toluene-d(8) and nonlabeled toluene were supplied in equal amounts as growth substrates, and kinetic isotope fractionation was calculated from the shift ... | 2001 | 11571192 |
| molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the guaymas basin. | the guaymas basin (gulf of california) is a hydrothermal vent site where thermal alteration of deposited planktonic and terrestrial organic matter forms petroliferous material which supports diverse sulfate-reducing bacteria. we explored the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the sulfate-reducing bacteria by characterizing pcr-amplified dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrab) and 16s rrna genes from the upper 4 cm of the guaymas sediment. the dsrab sequences revealed that there was a major ... | 2003 | 12732547 |
| stable carbon isotope fractionation by sulfate-reducing bacteria. | biogeochemical transformations occurring in the anoxic zones of stratified sedimentary microbial communities can profoundly influence the isotopic and organic signatures preserved in the fossil record. accordingly, we have determined carbon isotope discrimination that is associated with both heterotrophic and lithotrophic growth of pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb). for heterotrophic-growth experiments, substrate consumption was monitored to completion. sealed vessels containing s ... | 2003 | 12732570 |
| nitrite reductase activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria prevents their inhibition by nitrate-reducing, sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. | sulphate-reducing bacteria (srb) can be inhibited by nitrate-reducing, sulphide-oxidizing bacteria (nr-sob), despite the fact that these two groups are interdependent in many anaerobic environments. practical applications of this inhibition include the reduction of sulphide concentrations in oil fields by nitrate injection. the nr-sob thiomicrospira sp. strain cvo was found to oxidize up to 15 mm sulphide, considerably more than three other nr-sob strains that were tested. sulphide oxidation inc ... | 2003 | 12823193 |
| quantification of dissimilatory (bi)sulphite reductase gene expression in desulfobacterium autotrophicum using real-time rt-pcr. | we developed a real-time rt-pcr method for the quantification of dissimilatory (bi)sulphite reductase (dsr) mrna in desulfobacterium autotrophicum cells. the amount of dsr mrna was determined relative to the amount of 16s rrna at different growth conditions during transition from exponential to stationary phase: sulphate respiration with lactate, thiosulphate respiration with lactate, sulphate respiration with h2 and pyruvate fermentation. the dsr gene was expressed constitutively, although dsr ... | 2003 | 12871233 |
| reclassification of desulfobacterium macestii as desulfomicrobium macestii comb. nov. | phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and metabolic data obtained for desulfobacterium macestii indicate that this species is not a member of the genus desulfobacterium, but of the genus desulfomicrobium. phylogenetically, it is closely related to desulfomicrobium baculatum and desulfomicrobium norvegicum, but it can be differentiated from these species by its metabolic properties. it is therefore proposed to reclassify desulfobacterium macestii as desulfomicrobium macestii comb. nov. | 2003 | 12892138 |
| stable carbon isotope ratios of lipid biomarkers of sulfate-reducing bacteria. | we examined the potential use of natural-abundance stable carbon isotope ratios of lipids for determining substrate usage by sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb). four srb were grown under autotrophic, mixotrophic, or heterotrophic growth conditions, and the delta13c values of their individual fatty acids (fa) were determined. the fa were usually 13c depleted in relation to biomass, with deltadelta13c(fa - biomass) of -4 to -17 per thousand; the greatest depletion occurred during heterotrophic growth ... | 2004 | 14766550 |
| iron corrosion by novel anaerobic microorganisms. | corrosion of iron presents a serious economic problem. whereas aerobic corrosion is a chemical process, anaerobic corrosion is frequently linked to the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria (srb). srb are supposed to act upon iron primarily by produced hydrogen sulphide as a corrosive agent and by consumption of 'cathodic hydrogen' formed on iron in contact with water. among srb, desulfovibrio species--with their capacity to consume hydrogen effectively--are conventionally regarded as the main ... | 2004 | 14985759 |
| quantification of gram-negative sulphate-reducing bacteria in rice field soil by 16s rrna gene-targeted real-time pcr. | for the quantification of gram-negative sulphate reducers in rice fields, 11 real-time pcr assays were established targeting 16s rrna genes combined with sybrgreen detection. three of these assays were specific for the "main" groups, i.e. the desulfovibrionaceae, the desulfobacteraceae and desulfobulbus sp., whereas eight assays were developed for subgroups within the first two main groups. the detection limits of the assays were between 2 x 10(5) and 4 x 10(3) targets g(-1) (wet weight) or less ... | 2004 | 15063062 |
| high overall diversity and dominance of microdiverse relationships in salt marsh sulphate-reducing bacteria. | the biogeochemistry of north atlantic salt marshes is characterized by the interplay between the marsh grass spartina and sulphate-reducing bacteria (srb), which mineralize the diverse carbon substrates provided by the plants. it was hypothesized that srb populations display high diversity within the sediment as a result of the rich spatial and chemical structuring provided by spartina roots. a 2000-member 16s rrna gene library, prepared with delta-proteobacterial srb-selective primers, was anal ... | 2004 | 15186347 |
| polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) accumulation in sulfate-reducing bacteria and identification of a class iii pha synthase (phaec) in desulfococcus multivorans. | seven strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) were tested for the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas). during growth with benzoate desulfonema magnum accumulated large amounts of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3hb)]. desulfosarcina variabilis (during growth with benzoate), desulfobotulus sapovorans (during growth with caproate), and desulfobacterium autotrophicum (during growth with caproate) accumulated poly(3hb) that accounted for 20 to 43% of cell dry matter. desulfobotulus sapovor ... | 2004 | 15294771 |
| batch-test study on the dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in contaminated aquifer material by zero-valent iron. | chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are common groundwater contaminants. one possible remediation option is in-situ reductive dechlorination by zero-valent iron, either by direct injection or as reactive barriers. chlorinated ethenes (tetrachloroethene: pce; trichloroethene: tce) have received extensive attention in this context. however, another common groundwater pollutant, 1,1,1-trichlorethane (tca), has attracted much less attention. we studied tca reduction by three types of granular zero-va ... | 2004 | 15358490 |
| sulfate-reducing bacteria in tubes constructed by the marine infaunal polychaete diopatra cuprea. | marine infaunal burrows and tubes greatly enhance solute transport between sediments and the overlying water column and are sites of elevated microbial activity. biotic and abiotic controls of the compositions and activities of burrow and tube microbial communities are poorly understood. the microbial communities in tubes of the marine infaunal polychaete diopatria cuprea collected from two different sediment habitats were examined. the bacterial communities in the tubes from a sandy sediment di ... | 2004 | 15574900 |
| diversity and vertical distribution of cultured and uncultured deltaproteobacteria in an intertidal mud flat of the wadden sea. | the diversity and distribution of deltaproteobacteria in an intertidal mud flat of the german wadden sea was characterized by molecular biological techniques and cultivation. a 16s rrna gene library generated with general primers (303 clones) suggested that sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) related to desulfobulbaceae and desulfosarcina were abundant. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with probes targeting these groups was used to characterize their vertical distribution. the combination o ... | 2005 | 15683401 |
| lateral gene transfer of dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase revisited. | in contrast to previous findings, we demonstrate that the dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase genes (dsrab) of desulfobacula toluolica were vertically inherited. furthermore, desulfobacterium anilini and strain mxys1 were identified, by dsrab sequencing of 17 reference strains, as members of the donor lineage for those gram-positive desulfotomaculum species which laterally acquired dsrab. | 2005 | 15743970 |
| nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis approach to determine the diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in complex microbial communities. | here, we describe a three-step nested-pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) strategy to detect sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) in complex microbial communities from industrial bioreactors. in the first step, the nearly complete 16s rrna gene was amplified using bacterial primers. subsequently, this product was used as a template in a second pcr with group-specific srb primers. a third round of amplification was conducted to obtain fragments suitable for dgge. the largest number of b ... | 2005 | 15870318 |
| molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a new england salt marsh. | sulfate reduction, mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb), is the dominant remineralization pathway in sediments of new england salt marshes. high sulfate reduction rates are associated with the rhizosphere of spartina alterniflora when plants elongate aboveground. the growth process concurrently produces significant amounts of new rhizome material belowground and the plants leak dissolved organic compounds. this study investigated the diversity of srb in a salt marsh over an annual growth ... | 2005 | 16011754 |
| molecular analysis of deep subsurface cretaceous rock indicates abundant fe(iii)- and s(zero)-reducing bacteria in a sulfate-rich environment. | a multilevel sampler (mls) was emplaced in a borehole straddling anaerobic, sulfate-rich cretaceous-era shale and sandstone rock formations approximately 200 m below ground surface at cerro negro, new mexico. sterile quartzite sand contained in chambers in the sampler allowed in situ colonization and recovery of nucleic acids for molecular analyses. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16s rrna gene cloning results indicated a homogeneously distributed bacterial community across the shale ... | 2006 | 16343329 |
| novel processes for anaerobic sulfate production from elemental sulfur by sulfate-reducing bacteria. | sulfate reducers and related organisms which had previously been found to reduce fe(iii) with h(2) or organic electron donors oxidized s to sulfate when mn(iv) was provided as an electron acceptor. organisms catalyzing this reaction in washed cell suspensions included desulfovibrio desulfuricans, desulfomicrobium baculatum, desulfobacterium autotrophicum, desulfuromonas acetoxidans, and geobacter metallireducens. these organisms produced little or no sulfate from s with fe(iii) as a potential el ... | 1994 | 16349323 |
| competition and coexistence of sulfate-reducing and methanogenic populations in anaerobic biofilms. | the microbial population structure and function of natural anaerobic communities maintained in laboratory fixed-bed biofilm reactors were tracked before and after a major perturbation, which involved the addition of sulfate to the influent of a reactor that had previously been fed only glucose (methanogenic), while sulfate was withheld from a reactor that had been fed both glucose and sulfate (sulfidogenic). the population structure, determined by using phylogenetically based oligonucleotide pro ... | 1996 | 16535428 |
| exposure to sulfide causes populations shifts in sulfate-reducing consortia. | the shift in the community structure of a mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) at 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.5 kg m(-3) sulfide loadings was investigated in an anaerobic continuous bioreactor used for treatment of sulfate-containing wastewater by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), using srb species-specific and group-specific 16s rrna-targeting probes. hybridization analysis using these 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes revealed that sulfide was toxic for desulfonema, desulfo ... | 2006 | 16814989 |
| succinate dehydrogenase functioning by a reverse redox loop mechanism and fumarate reductase in sulphate-reducing bacteria. | sulphate- or sulphur-reducing bacteria with known or draft genome sequences (desulfovibrio vulgaris, desulfovibrio desulfuricans g20, desulfobacterium autotrophicum [draft], desulfotalea psychrophila and geobacter sulfurreducens) all contain sdhcab or frdcab gene clusters encoding succinate : quinone oxidoreductases. frdd or sdhd genes are missing. the presence and function of succinate dehydrogenase versus fumarate reductase was studied. desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain essex 6) grew by fuma ... | 2006 | 16849807 |
| a study of the relative dominance of selected anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in a continuous bioreactor by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | the diversity and the community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) in an anaerobic continuous bioreactor used for treatment of a sulfate-containing wastewater were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. hybridization to the 16s rrna probe eub338 for the domain bacteria was performed, followed by a nonsense probe non338 as a control for nonspecific staining. sulfate-reducing consortia were identified by using five nominally genus-specific probes (srb129 for desulfobacter, s ... | 2007 | 16941240 |
| identification of population dynamics in sulfate-reducing consortia on exposure to sulfate. | the microbial population structure and function of a mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) maintained in anaerobic continuous bioreactors were tracked before and after a major perturbation, which involved the addition of sulfate to the influent of a bioreactor when operated at steady state at 35 degrees c, ph 7.8 and a 2.5 day residence time with feed stream containing 10 and 15 kg m(-3) sulfate as terminal electron acceptor and 19.6 and 29.4 kg m(-3) ethanol as carbon source and elec ... | 2006 | 17008063 |
| the effect of inoculum on the performance of sulfate-reducing columns treating heavy metal contaminated water. | sulfate-reducing permeable reactive zones (sr-przs) are a passive means of immobilizing metals and neutralizing the ph of mine drainage through microbially mediated reactions. in this bench-scale study, the influence of inoculum on the performance of columns simulating sr-przs was investigated using chemical and biomolecular analyses. columns inoculated from two sources (bovine dairy manure (dm) and a previous sulfate-reducing column (src)) and uninoculated columns (u) were fed a simulated mine ... | 2007 | 17222885 |
| assessment of anaerobic benzene degradation potential using 16s rrna gene-targeted real-time pcr. | benzene is a common groundwater pollutant that is often recalcitrant under the anaerobic conditions that prevail at hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifers. thus, determining the potential for anaerobic benzene degradation is important to assess the feasibility of intrinsic bioremediation. in this work we developed a 16s rrna biomarker to estimate the concentration of putative benzene degraders in a methanogenic consortium that has been enriched on benzene for several years. primers were designed base ... | 2007 | 17227413 |
| desulfopila aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-negative, rod-like, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from an estuarine sediment in japan. | a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterial strain (msl86(t)) isolated from an estuarine sediment in the sea of japan (around the japanese islands) was characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. the cells were found to be gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming rods. catalase was not detected. the optimum nacl concentration for growth was 1.0 % (w/v) and the optimum temperature was 35 degrees c. strain msl86(t) was slightly alkaliphilic, with optimum growth at ph 7.5-7. ... | 2007 | 17329777 |
| genes, enzymes, and regulation of para-cresol metabolism in geobacter metallireducens. | in aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, the degradation of para-cresol (p-cresol) involves the initial hydroxylation to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol by water catalyzed by the soluble, periplasmatic flavocytochrome p-cresol methylhydroxylase (pcmh; alpha(2)beta(2) composition). in denitrifying bacteria the further metabolism proceeds via oxidation to p-hydroxybenzoate, the formation of p-hydroxybenzoyl-coenzyme a (coa), and the subsequent dehydroxylation of the latter to benzoyl-coa by reduct ... | 2007 | 17449613 |
| improved pcr-dgge for high resolution diversity screening of complex sulfate-reducing prokaryotic communities in soils and sediments. | in this study we evaluated a high resolution pcr-dgge strategy for the characterization of complex sulfate-reducing microbial communities inhabiting natural environments. dsrb fragments were amplified with a two-step nested pcr protocol using combinations of primers targeting the dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase genes. the pcr-dgge conditions were initially optimized using a dsrab clone library obtained from a vegetated intertidal riparian soil along the river rhine (rozenburg, the netherland ... | 2007 | 17481757 |
| diversity of substrate utilization and growth characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from estuarine sediment in japan. | two different isolation methods, the dilution colony-counting method (colony-isolation) and enrichment culture, were used to isolate sulfate-reducing bacteria (srbs) from estuarine sediment in japan. lactate was used as an electron donor for colony-isolation, and lactate or propionate was used for enrichment culture. all isolates were classified into six different phylogenetic groups according to the 16s rrna gene-based analysis. the closest relatives of the colony-isolates (12 strains) were spe ... | 2007 | 17575452 |
| diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria inhabiting the rhizosphere of phragmites australis in lake velencei (hungary) revealed by a combined cultivation-based and molecular approach. | the community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) associated with reed (phragmites australis) rhizosphere in lake velencei (hungary) was investigated by using cultivation-based and molecular methods. the cultivation methods were restricted to recover lactate-utilizing species with the exclusion of desulfobacter and some desulfobacterium species presumably not being dominant members of the examined community. the most-probable-number (mpn) estimations of lactate-utilizing srb showed that ... | 2008 | 18066486 |
| evaluation of the sulfate-reducing bacterial population associated with stored swine slurry. | hydrogen sulfide, produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb), is one of the most potent malodors emitted from anaerobic swine waste storage systems. however, little is known about the prevalence and diversity of srb in those systems. the goals of this study were to evaluate the srb population in swine manure storage systems and to develop quantitative, real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) assays to target four of the srb groups. dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsr) gene sequences were obtained from swine s ... | 2008 | 18457964 |
| identity and abundance of active sulfate-reducing bacteria in deep tidal flat sediments determined by directed cultivation and card-fish analysis. | the identity and abundance of potentially active sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) in several metre deep sediments of a tidal sand flat in the german wadden sea were assessed by directed cultivation and cultivation-independent card-fish analysis (catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization). presumably abundant srb from different sediment layers between 0.5 and 4 m depth were selectively enriched in up to million-fold diluted cultures supplemented with lactate, acetate or hydr ... | 2008 | 18627412 |
| genome sequence of desulfobacterium autotrophicum hrm2, a marine sulfate reducer oxidizing organic carbon completely to carbon dioxide. | sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) belonging to the metabolically versatile desulfobacteriaceae are abundant in marine sediments and contribute to the global carbon cycle by complete oxidation of organic compounds. desulfobacterium autotrophicum hrm2 is the first member of this ecophysiologically important group with a now available genome sequence. with 5.6 megabasepairs (mbp) the genome of db. autotrophicum hrm2 is about 2 mbp larger than the sequenced genomes of other sulfate reducers (srb). a h ... | 2009 | 19187283 |
| sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediment (aarhus bay, denmark): abundance and diversity related to geochemical zonation. | in order to better understand the main factors that influence the distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb), their population size and their metabolic activity in high- and low-sulfate zones, we studied the srb diversity in 3- to 5-m-deep sediment cores, which comprised the entire sulfate reduction zone and the upper methanogenic zone. by combining ema (ethidium monoazide that can only enter damaged/dead cells and may also bind to free dna) treatment with real-time pcr, we determined the d ... | 2009 | 19220398 |
| degradation of phenol via phenylphosphate and carboxylation to 4-hydroxybenzoate by a newly isolated strain of the sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfobacterium anilini. | a sulfate-reducing phenol-degrading bacterium, strain ak1, was isolated from a 2-bromophenol-utilizing sulfidogenic estuarine sediment enrichment culture. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene and dna homology, strain ak1 is most closely related to desulfobacterium anilini strain ani1 (= dsm 4660(t)). in addition to phenol, this organism degrades a variety of other aromatic compounds, including benzoate, 2-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, 2-aminobe ... | 2009 | 19411421 |
| physiological response to temperature changes of the marine, sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfobacterium autotrophicum. | the physiological response of bacteria to temperature is critical for the regulation of biogeochemical processes on daily, seasonal, and inter-annual time scales. we investigated the temperature response of the marine sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfobacterium autotrophicum strain hrm2. growth experiments in a temperature gradient block demonstrated that d. autotrophicum is psychrotolerant and grows between 0 and 31 degrees c. the normal range of temperature for growth is between 4 and 29 degre ... | 2002 | 19709300 |
| desulfopila inferna sp. nov., a sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from the subsurface of a tidal sand-flat. | a gram-negative, rod-shaped, sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain js_srb250lac(t)) was isolated from a tidal sand-flat in the german wadden sea. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that strain js_srb250lac(t) belonged to the desulfobulbaceae (deltaproteobacteria), with desulfopila aestuarii msl86(t) being the closest recognized relative (94.2 % similarity). higher similarity (96.6 %) was shared with 'desulfobacterium corrodens' is4, but this name has not been validly published. the affiliation ... | 2010 | 19717583 |
| use of 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes to investigate function and phylogeny of sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in a uk estuary. | abstract sulphate-reducing bacteria (srb) and methanogenic archaea (ma) are important anaerobic terminal oxidisers of organic matter. however, we have little knowledge about the distribution and types of srb and ma in the environment or the functional role they play in situ. here we have utilised sediment slurry microcosms amended with ecologically significant substrates, including acetate and hydrogen, and specific functional inhibitors, to identify the important srb and ma groups in two contra ... | 2003 | 19719617 |
| substrate-dependent regulation of carbon catabolism in marine sulfate-reducing desulfobacterium autotrophicum hrm2. | desulfobacterium autotrophicum hrm2 is a metabolically versatile sulfate-reducing bacterium, capable of heterotrophic (e.g. with organic acids and alcohols) and chemolithoautotrophic growth (with h(2)/co(2)). it employs the wood-ljungdahl pathway for complete oxidation of acetyl-coa to co(2) and for co(2) fixation. here, we investigated substrate-dependent regulation at different levels of anaerobic carbon catabolism in this bacterium. (a) whole-cell adaptation studies indicated an inducibleutil ... | 2010 | 20110731 |
| structure and function of the microbial community in an in situ reactor to treat an acidic mine pit lake. | sulfate-reducing bioreactors are a promising option for the treatment of acid mine drainage. we studied the structure and function of a biofilm in a methanol-fed fixed-bed in-lake reactor for the treatment of an acidic pit lake by a combination of laboratory incubations, chemical and molecular analyses and confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine whether competition by different groups of microorganisms as well as the precipitation of minerals affect reactor performance negatively. the bi ... | 2010 | 20491918 |
| structure of microbial communities and hydrocarbon-dependent sulfate reduction in the anoxic layer of a polluted microbial mat. | the bacterial communities in the anoxic layer of a heavily polluted microbial mat and their growth on hydrocarbons under sulfate-reducing conditions were investigated. microbial communities were dominated by members of alphaproteobacteria (27% of the total rrna), planctomycetes (21.1%) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb: 17.5%). 16s rrna cloning revealed sequences beloning to the same bacterial groups with srb affiliated to the genera desulfobulbus, desulfocapsa, desulfomicrobium, desulfobacteri ... | 2010 | 21194714 |
| field metabolomics and laboratory assessments of anaerobic intrinsic bioremediation of hydrocarbons at a petroleum-contaminated site. | field metabolomics and laboratory assays were used to assess the in situ anaerobic attenuation of hydrocarbons in a contaminated aquifer underlying a former refinery. benzene, ethylbenzene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were targeted as contaminants of greatest regulatory concern (coc) whose intrinsic remediation has been previously reported. metabolite profiles associated with anaerobic hydrocarbon decay revealed the microbial utilization of alkylbenzenes, including the ... | 2009 | 21261914 |
| the use of nucleic acid based stable isotope probing to identify the microorganisms responsible for anaerobic benzene and toluene biodegradation. | the remediation of sites contaminated with gasoline has been limited by a lack of information on the microorganisms able to transform these chemicals under anaerobic conditions. to address this, researchers have recently adopted a molecular method, called stable isotope probing (sip), to identify anaerobic toluene and benzene degraders from a number of environments across the globe. the approach involves incubation with (13)c labeled benzene or toluene, dna or rna extraction, ultracentrifugation ... | 2011 | 21356251 |