| gene organization, transcription signals and processing of the single ribosomal rna operon of the archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax. | the single ribosomal rna (rrna) operon from the extreme thermophile and archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax was sequenced. sites of transcriptional initiation and termination were established and the processing sites on the primary transcript were mapped with nuclease s1. the operon contained genes coding for 16s and 23s rnas but lacked those coding for trna and 5s rna. transcription initiates 175 bp upstream from the start of the 16s rna gene (wich et al., embo j. 6, 523-528, 1987) and terminat ... | 1987 | 2439991 |
| identification and characterization of the genes encoding three structural proteins of the thermoproteus tenax virus ttv1. | three structural proteins, tp1, tp2 and tp3, of the virus ttv1 of the thermophilic archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax strain kra1 were mapped within the viral genome by locating the amino-terminal amino acid sequences of these proteins in the ttv1 dna sequence. the derived amino acid sequences comprise 113, 139 and 160 amino acid residues, respectively. all three proteins are hydrophobic. the three genes are not linked, but transcribed in the same direction. no shine-dalgarno sequences are foun ... | 1989 | 2505050 |
| on the hypothetical protein f154 of the ttv1 virus from thermoproteus tenax. part iii: immunological identification of the protein with anti-peptide antibodies. | to assess the expression of an hypothetical protein f154 encoded in an open reading frame of the dna sequence of the virus ttv1 identified in the archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax, two synthetic peptides related to characteristic repeats of the primary structure and corresponding to the sequence portions [ser81] (73-84) and (79-101) were selectively grafted at their n-termini to the surface-exposed single cysteine residue of iso-1-cytochrome c via the maleimide thiol principle. antisera were r ... | 1990 | 1691001 |
| ultrastructure of the cell envelope of the archaebacteria thermoproteus tenax and thermoproteus neutrophilus. | the ultrastructures of the regular surface layers (s-layers) of the extremely thermophilic archaebacteria thermoproteus tenax and thermoproteus neutrophilus were examined by freeze-etching, freeze-drying, and negative staining methods combined with optical and digital image enhancement. in both strains, a monolayer of macromolecules arranged in hexagonal arrays with center-to-center spacings of approximately 30 nm was the only component of the cell wall. the gross morphologies of the s-layer lat ... | 1986 | 3086286 |
| phylogenetic conservation of antigenic determinants in archaebacterial elongation factors (tu proteins). | by using affinity chromatography methods, we have purified elongation factor tu (ef-tu) proteins from a host of archaebacteria covering all known divisions in the archaebacterial tree except halophiles, and from such distantly related eubacteria as thermotoga maritima and escherichia coli. polyclonal antibodies were raised against the tu proteins of sulfolobus solfataricus, thermoproteus tenax, thermococcus celer, pyrococcus wosei, archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanococcus thermolitotrophicus, therm ... | 1989 | 2470483 |
| structural variability in the genome of the thermoproteus tenax virus ttv1. | six variants of the ttv1 genome, including the primary isolate, have been characterized. dna sequence comparison of 'wild-type' virus (wt) and one of the variants (vt3) showed that differences are due to insertions and deletions that were confined to contiguous portions of two distinct clai fragments. seven similar short dna sequences (30-102 bp) were involved in the variation. the deletions and insertions of these short dna sequences occurred in every case adjacent to the 8 bp consensus sequenc ... | 1990 | 1980337 |
| putative promoter elements for the ribosomal rna genes of the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium sulfolobus sp. strain b12. | in sulfolobus sp. strain b12, single-copy genes encode the three ribosomal rnas. the genes for the 16s rrna and for the 23s rrna are closely linked but separated from the 5s rrna gene. transcription of the 16s/23s rrna gene cluster starts 139 nucleotides upstream of the 5'-end of mature 16s rrna. for the 5s rrna gene the point of transcription initiation coincides with the 5'-end of mature 5s rrna. the comparison of the upstream regions for these transcriptional start sites shows the presence of ... | 1987 | 3039462 |
| unique antibiotic sensitivity of archaebacterial polypeptide elongation factors. | the antibiotic sensitivity of the archaebacterial factors catalyzing the binding of aminoacyl-trna to ribosomes (elongation factor tu [ef-tu] for eubacteria and elongation factor 1 [ef1] for eucaryotes) and the translocation of peptidyl-trna (elongation factor g [ef-g] for eubacteria and elongation factor 2 [ef2] for eucaryotes) was investigated by using two ef-tu and ef1 [ef-tu(ef1)]-targeted drugs, kirromycin and pulvomycin, and the ef-g and ef2 [ef-g(ef2)]-targeted drug fusidic acid. the inte ... | 1986 | 3087957 |
| quinones from archaebacteria, i. new types of menaquinones from the thermophilic archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax. | from the archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax, strain kra-1 a mixture of 6 quinones of menaquinone and phylloquinone type with isopentyl side chains, mk-6(12h), mk-6-(10h), mk-5(10h), mk-5(8h), mk-4(8h), mk-4(6h) and two analogous quinones, containing in addition a methyl group in the naphthoquinone system, were isolated and characterized. | 1985 | 3937542 |
| dna-dependent rna polymerase of thermoacidophilic archaebacteria. | the component compositions of the dna-dependent rna polymerases of the extremely thermophilic, anaerobic sulfur-respiring archaebacteria thermoproteus tenax and desulfurococcus mucosus strongly resemble each other but also that of the rna polymerase of sulfolobus acidocaldarius suggesting that both organisms belong to the same novel order thermoproteales, which together with the order represented by sulfolobus, forms the thermoacidophilic branch of archaebacteria. the component pattern of the rn ... | 1982 | 6800790 |
| comparative analysis of embden-meyerhof and entner-doudoroff glycolytic pathways in hyperthermophilic archaea and the bacterium thermotoga. | the embden-meyerhof (em) or entner-doudoroff (ed) pathways of sugar degradation were analyzed in representative species of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genera thermococcus, desulfurococcus, thermoproteus, and sulfolobus, and in the hyperthermophilic (eu)bacterial genus thermotoga. the analyses included (1) determination of 13c-labeling patterns by 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy of fermentation products derived from pyruvate after fermentation of specifically 13c-labeled glucose by cell suspensio ... | 1997 | 9075622 |
| carbohydrate metabolism in thermoproteus tenax: in vivo utilization of the non-phosphorylative entner-doudoroff pathway and characterization of its first enzyme, glucose dehydrogenase. | thermoproteus tenax is a hyperthermophilic, facultative heterotrophic archaeum. in this organism the utilization of the two catabolic pathways, a variant of the embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) pathway and the modified (nonphosphorylative) entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway, was investigated and the first enzyme of the ed pathway, glucose dehydrogenase, was characterized. the distribution of the 13c label in alanine synthesized by cells grown with [1-13c]glucose indicated that in vivo the emp pathway and ... | 1997 | 9238103 |
| functions of s-layers. | although s-layers are being increasingly identified on bacteria and archaea, it is enigmatic that in most cases s-layer function continues to elude us. in a few instances, s-layers have been shown to be virulence factors on pathogens (e.g. campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and aeromonas salmonicida), protective against bdellovibrio, a depository for surface-exposed enzymes (e.g. bacillus stearothermophilus), shape-determining agents (e.g. thermoproteus tenax) and nucleation factors for fine-grain m ... | 1997 | 9276929 |
| nad+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from thermoproteus tenax. the first identified archaeal member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily is a glycolytic enzyme with unusual regulatory properties. | the hyperthermophilic archaeum thermoproteus tenax possesses two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases differing in cosubstrate specificity and phosphate dependence of the catalyzed reaction. nad+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the phosphate-independent irreversible oxidation of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate. the coding gene was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. sequence comparisons showed no similarity to phosphorylating ... | 1998 | 9497334 |
| differential features of ribosomes and of poly(u)-programmed cell-free systems derived from sulphur-dependent archaebacterial species. | the properties of poly(u)-directed cell-free systems developed from the sulphur-dependent, thermophilic archaebacteria desulfurococcus mobilis, thermoproteus tenax, sulfolobus solfataricus, thermococcus celer and thermoplasma acidophilum have been compared. all systems are truly thermophilic in requiring incubation at temperatures close to the physiological optimum for cell growth. under optimized conditions the error frequency in trna selection is less than 0.4% at 80 degrees c, and synthetic e ... | 1986 | 3087750 |
| purification and properties of the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from dictyoglomus thermophilum rt46 b.1. | the distribution of phosphofructokinase phosphoryl donor subtypes (atp-, adp-, and pyrophosphate) in the deeply rooted phylogenetic lineages of thermophiles is of interest with regard to the evolution of phosphofructokinase activity and of the embden-meyerhof pathway. in this article we present the first biochemical description of a thermostable pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium dictyoglomus thermophilum. the enzyme was not allosterically controlled ... | 1999 | 10356999 |
| in vivo observation of cell division of anaerobic hyperthermophiles by using a high-intensity dark-field microscope. | to study growth and cell division of anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea in vivo, a cultivation technique using glass capillaries was developed. at temperatures of 90 to 98 degrees c, at least 10 successive cell divisions of pyrodictium abyssi tag 11 were documented. cells divide by binary fission. visualized under a modified dark-field microscope, the formation of cannulae, which finally connected all cells, was observed. the cannulae elongated at 1.0 to 1.5 micrometers/min and reached final le ... | 1999 | 10438790 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the nad-dependent non--phosphorylating gapdh of the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermoproteus tenax. | recombinant non-phosphorylating nad(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermoproteus tenax has been overexpressed, purified and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. crystals of different habits were obtained from several precipitant solutions (salts and polyethylene glycols). preliminary x-ray analysis was performed with crystals grown in ammonium formate, which belonged to the primitive hexagonal space g ... | 2000 | 10666638 |
| pyruvate kinase of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermoproteus tenax: physiological role and phylogenetic aspects. | pyruvate kinase (pk; ec 2.7.1.40) of thermoproteus tenax was purified to homogeneity, and its coding gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. it represents a homomeric tetramer with a molecular mass of 49 kda per subunit. pk exhibits positive binding cooperativity with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate and metal ions such as mg(2+) and mn(2+). heterotropic effects, as commonly found for pks from bacterial and eucaryal sources, could not be detected. the enzyme does not depend on k(+) ions ... | 2000 | 10715009 |
| sequencing, cloning, and high-level expression of the pfp gene, encoding a pp(i)-dependent phosphofructokinase from the extremely thermophilic eubacterium dictyoglomus thermophilum. | the sequencing, cloning, and expression of the pfp gene from dictyoglomus thermophilum, which consists of 1,041 bp and encodes a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, are described. a phylogenetic analysis indicates that the enzyme is closely related to the pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme from thermoproteus tenax. the recombinant and native enzymes share a high degree of similarity for most properties examined. | 2000 | 10913106 |
| nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from thermoproteus tenax. | | 2001 | 11265454 |
| pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from thermoproteus tenax. | | 2001 | 11265483 |
| role of two different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in controlling the reversible embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway in thermoproteus tenax: regulation on protein and transcript level. | the hyperthermophilic archaeum thermoproteus tenax uses a variant of the embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) pathway as the main route for carbohydrate metabolism. this variant is characterized by a reversible nonallosteric ppi-dependent phosphofructokinase and two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases differing in cosubstrate specificity, phosphate dependence, and allosteric behavior. although the nonphosphorylating nad+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn; e.c. 1.2.1.8) fulfi ... | 2001 | 11354453 |
| archaeal fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases constitute a new family of archaeal type class i aldolase. | fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (fbp) aldolase activity has been detected previously in several archaea. however, no obvious orthologs of the bacterial and eucaryal class i and ii fbp aldolases have yet been identified in sequenced archaeal genomes. based on a recently described novel type of bacterial aldolase, we report on the identification and molecular characterization of the first archaeal fbp aldolases. we have analyzed the fbp aldolases of two hyperthermophilic archaea, the facultatively heter ... | 2001 | 11387336 |
| the phylogenetic relationships of three sulfur dependent archaebacteria. | oligonucleotide catalogs have been determined for the 16s ribosomal rnas of three sulfur dependent (i.e. "thermoacidophilic") archaebacteria--sulfolobus acidocaldarius, s. solfataricus, and thermoproteus tenax. the three form a group specifically related to one another, but are only distantly related to the other archaebacteria--i.e. the group comprising the methanogens, extreme halophiles, and (peripherially) the genus thermoplasma. the three catalogs exhibit two features unique among bacteri ... | 1984 | 11541975 |
| the crystal structure of the allosteric non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeum thermoproteus tenax. | the nad(+)-dependent non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) from the hyperthermophilic archaeum thermoproteus tenax represents an archaeal member of the diverse superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs). gapn catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate. in this study, we present the crystal structure of gapn in complex with its natural inhibitor nadp(+) determined by multiple anomalous diffraction methods. the struc ... | 2002 | 11842090 |
| the hexokinase of the hyperthermophile thermoproteus tenax. atp-dependent hexokinases and adp-dependent glucokinases, teo alternatives for glucose phosphorylation in archaea. | the phosphorylation of glucose by different sugar kinases plays an essential role in archaea because of the absence of a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent transferase system characteristic for bacteria. in the genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermoproteus tenax a gene was identified with sequence similarity to glucokinases of the so-called rok family (repressor protein, open reading frame, sugar kinase). the t. tenax enzyme, like the recently described atp-dependent "glucokinase" from aerop ... | 2003 | 12626506 |
| reconstruction of the central carbohydrate metabolism of thermoproteus tenax by use of genomic and biochemical data. | the hyperthermophilic, facultatively heterotrophic crenarchaeum thermoproteus tenax was analyzed using a low-coverage shotgun-sequencing approach. a total of 1.81 mbp (representing 98.5% of the total genome), with an average gap size of 100 bp and 5.3-fold coverage, are reported, giving insights into the genome of t. tenax. genome analysis and biochemical studies enabled us to reconstruct its central carbohydrate metabolism. t. tenax uses a variant of the reversible embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) ... | 2004 | 15028704 |
| vitamin contents of archaebacteria. | the levels of six water-soluble vitamins of seven archaebacterial species were determined and compared with the levels found in a eubacterium, escherichia coli. biotin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, and lipoic acid contents of halobacterium volcanii, methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta h, "archaeoglobus fulgidus" vc-16, thermococcus celer, pyrodictium occultum, thermoproteus tenax, and sulfolobus solfataricus were measured by using bioassays. the archaebacteria ... | 1988 | 3137215 |
| ppi-dependent phosphofructokinase from thermoproteus tenax, an archaeal descendant of an ancient line in phosphofructokinase evolution. | flux into the glycolytic pathway of most cells is controlled via allosteric regulation of the irreversible, committing step catalyzed by atp-dependent phosphofructokinase (pfk) (atp-pfk; ec 2.7.1.11), the key enzyme of glycolysis. in some organisms, the step is catalyzed by ppi-dependent pfk (ppi-pfk; ec 2.7.1.90), which uses ppi instead of atp as the phosphoryl donor, conserving atp and rendering the reaction reversible under physiological conditions. we have determined the enzymic properties o ... | 1998 | 9555897 |
| characterization of two d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax. | thermoproteus tenax possesses two different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, one specific for nadp+ and the other for nad+. nadp(h) inhibits the nad+-specific enzyme competetively with respect to nad+ whereas nad(h) virtually does not interact with the nadp+-specific enzyme. both enzymes represent homomeric tetramers with subunit molecular masses of 39 kda (nadp+-specific enzyme) and 49 kda (nad+-specific enzyme), respectively. the nadp+-specific enzyme shows significant homology to th ... | 1987 | 3121324 |
| structural basis of allosteric regulation and substrate specificity of the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from thermoproteus tenax. | the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) of the hyperthermophilic archaeum thermoproteus tenax is a member of the superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldh). gapn catalyses the irreversible oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gap) to 3-phosphoglycerate in the modified glycolytic pathway of this organism. in contrast to other members of the aldh superfamily, gapn from t.tenax (tt-gapn) is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. in the nad-dep ... | 2004 | 15288789 |
| structure and function of a regulated archaeal triosephosphate isomerase adapted to high temperature. | triosephophate isomerase (tim) is a dimeric enzyme in eucarya, bacteria and mesophilic archaea. in hyperthermophilic archaea, however, tim exists as a tetramer composed of monomers that are about 10% shorter than other eucaryal and bacterial tim monomers. we report here the crystal structure of tim from thermoproteus tenax, a hyperthermophilic archaeon that has an optimum growth temperature of 86 degrees c. the structure was determined from both a hexagonal and an orthorhombic crystal form to re ... | 2004 | 15342242 |
| embden-meyerhof-parnas and entner-doudoroff pathways in thermoproteus tenax: metabolic parallelism or specific adaptation? | genome data as well as biochemical studies have indicated that--as a peculiarity within hyperthermophilic archaea--thermoproteus tenax uses three different pathways for glucose metabolism, a variant of the reversible emp (embden-meyerhof-parnas) pathway and two different modifications of the ed (entner-doudoroff) pathway, a non-phosphorylative and a semi-phosphorylative version. an overview of the three different pathways is presented and the physiological function of the variants is discussed. | 2004 | 15046594 |
| the semi-phosphorylative entner-doudoroff pathway in hyperthermophilic archaea: a re-evaluation. | biochemical studies have suggested that, in hyperthermophilic archaea, the metabolic conversion of glucose via the ed (entner-doudoroff) pathway generally proceeds via a non-phosphorylative variant. a key enzyme of the non-phosphorylating ed pathway of sulfolobus solfataricus, kdg (2-keto-3-deoxygluconate) aldolase, has been cloned and characterized previously. in the present study, a comparative genomics analysis is described that reveals conserved ed gene clusters in both thermoproteus tenax a ... | 2005 | 15869466 |
| genes for stable rna in the extreme thermophile thermoproteus tenax: introns and transcription signals. | to investigate gene organization and expression signals in extreme thermophilic archaebacteria, trna genes were cloned from thermoproteus tenax. clones for five trna species were obtained, namely for trnaala (tgc), trnaala (cgc), trnaleu (cag), trnaleu (caa) and trnamet (cat). three of the respective genes were located singly in the chromosome, the two others (trnaala and trnamet) were clustered but in a head to head position. four of the genes contained intervening sequences, either in the clas ... | 1987 | 15981338 |
| the cell envelope of thermoproteus tenax: three-dimensional structure of the surface layer and its role in shape maintenance. | the sulphur-dependent archaebacterium thermoproteus tenax has a cylindrical cell shape variable in length, but constant in diameter. its whole surface is covered by a regular protein layer (s-layer). the lattice has p6 symmetry and a lattice constant of 32.8 nm. the three-dimensional reconstruction from a tilt series of isolated and negatively stained s-layer shows a complex mass distribution of the protein: a prominent, pillar-shaped protrusion is located at the 6-fold crystallographic axis wit ... | 1987 | 16453767 |
| organic solutes in hyperthermophilic archaea. | we examined the accumulation of organic solutes under optimum growth conditions in 12 species of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic archaea belonging to the crenarchaeota and euryarchaeota. pyrobaculum aerophilum, thermoproteus tenax, thermoplasma acidophilum, and members of the order sulfolobales accumulated trehalose. pyrococcus furiosus accumulated di-myo-inositol-1,1(prm1)(3,3(prm1))-phosphate and (beta)-mannosylglycerate, methanothermus fervidus accumulated cyclic-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate an ... | 1997 | 16535556 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase and pyruvate, phosphate dikinase of thermoproteus tenax: key pieces in the puzzle of archaeal carbohydrate metabolism. | the interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate represents an important control point of the embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) pathway in bacteria and eucarya, but little is known about this site of regulation in archaea. here we report on the coexistence of phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase (peps) and the first described archaeal pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (ppdk), which, besides pyruvate kinase (pk), are involved in the catalysis of this reaction in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermop ... | 2006 | 16573681 |
| ttsv1, a new virus-like particle isolated from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermoproteus tenax. | a new virus-like particle ttsv1 was isolated from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermoproteus tenax sampled at a hot spring region in indonesia. ttsv1 had a spherical shape with a diameter of approximately 70 nm and was morphologically similar to the psv isolated from a strain of pyrobaculum. the 21.6 kb linear double-stranded dna genome of ttsv1 had 38 open reading frames (orfs), of which 15 orfs were most similar to those of psv. the remaining 23 orfs showed little similarity to proteins ... | 2006 | 16682063 |
| characterization of glycerate kinase (2-phosphoglycerate forming), a key enzyme of the nonphosphorylative entner-doudoroff pathway, from the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon picrophilus torridus. | picrophilus torridus has been shown to degrade glucose via a nonphosphorylative entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway. here we report the characterization of a key enzyme of this pathway, glycerate kinase (2-phosphoglycerate forming). the enzyme was purified 5,100-fold to homogeneity. the 95 kda homodimeric protein catalyzed the atp-dependent phosphorylation of glycerate specifically to 2-phosphoglycerate. the enzyme showed highest activity at 60 degrees c and ph 7.3, with atp as phosphoryl donor and mg ... | 2006 | 16684110 |
| cc1, a novel crenarchaeal dna binding protein. | the genomes of the related crenarchaea pyrobaculum aerophilum and thermoproteus tenax lack any obvious gene encoding a single-stranded dna binding protein (ssb). ssbs are essential for dna replication, recombination, and repair and are found in all other genomes across the three domains of life. these two archaeal genomes also have only one identifiable gene encoding a chromatin protein (the alba protein), while most other archaea have at least two different abundant chromatin proteins. we perfo ... | 2007 | 17085561 |
| the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) of sulfolobus solfataricus: a key-enzyme of the semi-phosphorylative branch of the entner-doudoroff pathway. | archaea utilize a branched modification of the classical entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway for sugar degradation. the semi-phosphorylative branch merges at the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gap) with the lower common shunt of the emden-meyerhof-parnas pathway. in sulfolobus solfataricus two different gap converting enzymes-classical phosphorylating gap dehydrogenase (gapdh) and the non-phosphorylating gapdh (gapn)-were identified. in sulfolobales the gapn encoding gene is found adjacent to th ... | 2008 | 17549431 |
| glycerate kinase of the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermoproteus tenax: new insights into the phylogenetic distribution and physiological role of members of the three different glycerate kinase classes. | the presence of the branched entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway in two hyperthermophilic crenarchaea, the anaerobe thermoproteus tenax and the aerobe sulfolobus solfataricus, was suggested. however, so far no enzymatic information of the non-phosphorylative ed branch and especially its key enzyme - glycerate kinase - was available. in the t. tenax genome, a gene homolog with similarity to putative hydroxypyruvate reductase/glycerate dehydrogenase and glycerate kinase was identified. | 2007 | 17764545 |
| dna microarray analysis of central carbohydrate metabolism: glycolytic/gluconeogenic carbon switch in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeum thermoproteus tenax. | in order to unravel the role of regulation on transcript level in central carbohydrate metabolism (ccm) of thermoproteus tenax, a focused dna microarray was constructed by using 85 open reading frames involved in ccm. a transcriptional analysis comparing heterotrophic growth on glucose versus autotrophic growth on co2-h2 was performed. | 2008 | 18178743 |
| crystal structure and stereochemical studies of kd(p)g aldolase from thermoproteus tenax. | carbon-carbon bond forming enzymes offer great potential for organic biosynthesis. hence there is an ongoing effort to improve their biocatalytic properties, regarding availability, activity, stability, and substrate specificity and selectivity. aldolases belong to the class of c-c bond forming enzymes and play important roles in numerous cellular processes. in several hyperthermophilic archaea the 2-keto-3-deoxy-(6-phospho)-gluconate (kd(p)g) aldolase was identified as a key player in the metab ... | 2008 | 18186475 |
| genome sequence of thermofilum pendens reveals an exceptional loss of biosynthetic pathways without genome reduction. | we report the complete genome of thermofilum pendens, a deeply branching, hyperthermophilic member of the order thermoproteales in the archaeal kingdom crenarchaeota. t. pendens is a sulfur-dependent, anaerobic heterotroph isolated from a solfatara in iceland. it is an extracellular commensal, requiring an extract of thermoproteus tenax for growth, and the genome sequence reveals that biosynthetic pathways for purines, most amino acids, and most cofactors are absent. in fact, t. pendens has fewe ... | 2008 | 18263724 |
| a novel trehalose synthesizing pathway in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon thermoproteus tenax: the unidirectional tret pathway. | in the genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermoproteus tenax a gene (tres/p) encoding a protein with similarity to annotated trehalose phosphorylase (trep), trehalose synthase (tres) and more recently characterized trehalose glycosyltransferring synthase (tret) was identified. the tres/p gene as well as an upstream located orf of unknown function (orfy) were cloned, heterologously expressed in e. coli and purified. the enzymatic characterization of the putative tres/p revealed tret activi ... | 2008 | 18483808 |
| the central carbohydrate metabolism of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermoproteus tenax: pathways and insights into their regulation. | although the complexity and modifications of the archaeal central carbohydrate metabolism (ccm) are well established, the knowledge about its regulation is rather limited. the facultatively heterotrophic, hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote thermoproteus tenax utilizes a modified version of the reversible embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) and the catabolic, branched entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway for glucose metabolism. glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide via the oxidative tricarboxylic acid ... | 2008 | 18491075 |
| triosephosphate isomerase of the hyperthermophile thermoproteus tenax: thermostability is not everything. | the triosephosphate isomerase of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeum thermoproteus tenax (ttxtim) represents a homomeric tetramer. unlike the triosephosphate isomerases of other hyperthermophiles, however, the association of the ttxtim tetramers is looser, allowing a reversible dissociation into inactive dimers. the dimer/tetramer equilibrium of ttxtim is shifted to the tetrameric state through a specific interaction with glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase of t. tenax, suggesting that higher olig ... | 2004 | 15046595 |
| functional analysis of archaeal mbf1 by complementation studies in yeast. | multiprotein-bridging factor 1 (mbf1) is a transcriptional co-activator that bridges a sequence-specific activator (basic-leucine zipper (bzip) like proteins (e.g. gcn4 in yeast) or steroid/nuclear-hormone receptor family (e.g. ftz-f1 in insect)) and the tata-box binding protein (tbp) in eukaryotes. mbf1 is absent in bacteria, but is well- conserved in eukaryotes and archaea and harbors a c-terminal cro-like helix turn helix (hth) domain, which is the only highly conserved, classical hth domain ... | 2011 | 21392374 |
| displacement of the canonical single-stranded dna-binding protein in the thermoproteales. | ssdna-binding proteins (ssbs) based on the oligonucleotide-binding fold are considered ubiquitous in nature and play a central role in many dna transactions including replication, recombination, and repair. we demonstrate that the thermoproteales, a clade of hyperthermophilic crenarchaea, lack a canonical ssb. instead, they encode a distinct ssdna-binding protein that we term "thermodbp," exemplified by the protein ttx1576 from thermoproteus tenax. thermodbp binds specifically to ssdna with low ... | 2011 | 22106294 |
| The complete genome sequence of Thermoproteus tenax: a physiologically versatile member of the Crenarchaeota. | Here, we report on the complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeum Thermoproteus tenax (strain Kra1, DSM 2078(T)) a type strain of the crenarchaeotal order Thermoproteales. Its circular 1.84-megabase genome harbors no extrachromosomal elements and 2,051 open reading frames are identified, covering 90.6% of the complete sequence, which represents a high coding density. Derived from the gene content, T. tenax is a representative member of the Crenarchaeota. The organism is stric ... | 2011 | 22003381 |
| structure, function and evolution of the archaeal class i fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. | fbpa (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase) catalyses the reversible aldol condensation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. two classes of fbpa, which rely on different reaction mechanisms, have so far been discovered, class i mainly found in eucarya and class ii mainly in bacteria. only recently were genes encoding proteins with fbpa activity identified in archaea. archaeal fbpas do not share any significant overall sequence identity wit ... | 2004 | 15046584 |
| extensive lysine methylation in hyperthermophilic crenarchaea: potential implications for protein stability and recombinant enzymes. | in eukarya and bacteria, lysine methylation is relatively rare and is catalysed by sequence-specific lysine methyltransferases that typically have only a single-protein target. using rna polymerase purified from the thermophilic crenarchaeum sulfolobus solfataricus, we identified 21 methyllysines distributed across 9 subunits of the enzyme. the modified lysines were predominantly in alpha-helices and showed no conserved sequence context. a limited survey of the thermoproteus tenax proteome revea ... | 2010 | 20811616 |
| mechanism of the schiff base forming fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase: structural analysis of reaction intermediates. | the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fbpa) catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. catalysis of schiff base forming class i fbpa relies on a number of intermediates covalently bound to the catalytic lysine. using active site mutants of fbpa i from thermoproteus tenax, we have solved the crystal structures of the enzyme covalently bound to the carbinolamine of the substrate fructose 1,6-bisph ... | 2005 | 15766250 |
| characterization of the crispr/cas subtype i-a system of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon thermoproteus tenax. | crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) elements and cas (crispr-associated) genes are widespread in bacteria and archaea. the crispr/cas system operates as a defense mechanism against mobile genetic elements (i.e., viruses or plasmids). here, we investigate seven crispr loci in the genome of the crenarchaeon thermoproteus tenax that include spacers with significant similarity not only to archaeal viruses but also to t. tenax genes. the analysis of crispr rna (crrna) t ... | 2012 | 22408157 |
| rapid one-step enzymatic synthesis and all-aqueous purification of trehalose analogues. | chemically modified versions of trehalose, or trehalose analogues, have applications in biology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical science, among other fields. for instance, trehalose analogues bearing detectable tags have been used to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis and may have applications as tuberculosis diagnostic imaging agents. hydrolytically stable versions of trehalose are also being pursued due to their potential for use as non-caloric sweeteners and bioprotective agents. despite the ... | 2017 | 28287534 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis of trehalose analogues: rapid access to chemical probes for investigating mycobacteria. | trehalose analogues are emerging as valuable tools for investigating mycobacterium tuberculosis, but progress in this area is slow due to the difficulty in synthesizing these compounds. here, we report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of trehalose analogues that employs the heat-stable enzyme trehalose synthase (tret) from the hyperthermophile thermoproteus tenax. by using tret, various trehalose analogues were prepared quickly (1 h) in high yield (up to >99 % by hplc) in a single step from readily av ... | 2014 | 25139066 |
| thermoproteus thermophilus sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon isolated from solfataric soil. | a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon, designated strain cba1502t, was isolated from volcanic soil in the mayon volcano in the philippines. the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain cba1502t was most closely related to that of thermoproteus uzoniensis dsm 5263t (99.2% similarity) and thermoproteus tenax kra 1t (99.0%). the organism grew at 75-90°c and ph 4.0-6.0 and in the presence of 0-0.5% (w/v) nacl, with optimal growth at 85°c and ph 5.0. strain cba1502t utilized d-arabinose, beef extract, casamino ac ... | 2015 | 25933622 |
| the first prokaryotic trehalose synthase complex identified in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon thermoproteus tenax. | the role of the disaccharide trehalose, its biosynthesis pathways and their regulation in archaea are still ambiguous. in thermoproteus tenax a fused trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase (tpsp), consisting of an n-terminal trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps) and a c-terminal trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tpp) domain, was identified. the tpsp gene is organized in an operon with a putative glycosyltransferase (gt) and a putative mechanosensitive channel (msc). the t. tenax tpsp exhibit ... | 2013 | 23626675 |
| in vitro assembly and activity of an archaeal crispr-cas type i-a cascade interference complex. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-crispr-associated (cas) systems of type i use a cas ribonucleoprotein complex for antiviral defense (cascade) to mediate the targeting and degradation of foreign dna. to address molecular features of the archaeal type i-a cascade interference mechanism, we established the in vitro assembly of the thermoproteus tenax cascade from six recombinant cas proteins, synthetic crispr rnas (crrnas) and target dna fragments. rna-seq analyse ... | 2014 | 24500198 |
| challenging the state of the art in protein structure prediction: highlights of experimental target structures for the 10th critical assessment of techniques for protein structure prediction experiment casp10. | for the last two decades, casp has assessed the state of the art in techniques for protein structure prediction and identified areas which required further development. casp would not have been possible without the prediction targets provided by the experimental structural biology community. in the latest experiment, casp10, more than 100 structures were suggested as prediction targets, some of which appeared to be extraordinarily difficult for modeling. in this article, authors of some of the m ... | 2014 | 24318984 |
| dna binding properties of the small cascade subunit csa5. | crispr-cas systems provide immunity against viral attacks in archaeal and bacterial cells. type i systems employ a cas protein complex termed cascade, which utilizes small crispr rnas to detect and degrade the exogenic dna. a small sequence motif, the pam, marks the foreign substrates. previously, a recombinant type i-a cascade complex from the archaeon thermoproteus tenax was shown to target and degrade dna in vitro, dependent on a native pam sequence. here, we present the biochemical analysis ... | 2014 | 25148031 |