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rna sequence analysis shows that the symbionts in the ciliate metopus contortus are polymorphs of a single methanogen species.the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify and partially sequence the 16s ribosomal rna genes of symbiotic bacteria within the anaerobic ciliate metopus contortus. in situ probing with fluorescent oligonucleotides showed that the amplified sequences originated from a single species of archaebacterium which is closely related to methanocorpusculum parvum. the probed symbionts exhibited a variety of shapes and sizes. these data support the hypothesis, first proposed on the basis of electron ...19921385263
purification and properties of f420- and nadp(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases of methanogenium liminatans and methanobacterium palustre, specific for secondary alcohols.the f420-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of methanogenium liminatans and the nadp(+)-dependent adh of methanobacterium palustre were purified to homogeneity. the native f420-dependent adh of mg. liminatans had a molecular mass of 150 kda and consisted of four (presumably identical) subunits with a mass of 39 kda. the temperature optimum was 42 degrees c, the optimum ph 6.0 and nacl or kcl were inhibitory. the nadp(+)-dependent adh of mb. palustre had a molecular mass of 175 kda and consist ...19911879431
role of the s layer in morphogenesis and cell division of the archaebacterium methanocorpusculum sinense.thin sections, freeze-etched, and negatively stained preparations of methanocorpusculum sinense cells reveal a highly lobed cell structure with a hexagonally arranged surface layer (s layer). digital image processing of negatively stained envelope fragments show that the s layer forms a porous but strongly interconnected network. since the s layer is the exclusive cell envelope component outside the cytoplasmic membrane it must have a cell shape determining and maintaining function. although lat ...19911938891
methanocorpusculaceae fam. nov., represented by methanocorpusculum parvum, methanocorpusculum sinense spec. nov. and methanocorpusculum bavaricum spec. nov.two new methanogenic bacteria, methanocorpusculum sinense spec. nov. strain dsm 4274 from a pilot plant for treatment of distillery wastewater in chengdu (province sichuan, china), and methanocorpusculum bavaricum spec. nov. strain dsm 4179, from a wastewater pond of the sugar factory in regensburg (bavaria, frg) are described. methanocorpusculum strains are weakly motile and form irregularly coccoid cells, about 1 micron in diameter. the cell envelope consists of a cytoplasmic membrane and a s- ...19892742452
a new polymorphic methanogen, closely related to methanocorpusculum parvum, living in stable symbiosis within the anaerobic ciliate trimyema sp.a new anaerobic microbial consortium has been discovered: the partners are the ciliated protozoon trimyema sp. and a single species of methanogen. the consortium has been maintained in culture for more than four years. each ciliate contains up to 300 symbiotic bacteria; many are relatively small and irregularly disc-shaped, and these are distributed throughout the host's cytoplasm, whereas those which are attached to the ciliate's hydrogenosomes are significantly larger and profusely dentate. th ...19937679721
systematic and morphological diversity of endosymbiotic methanogens in anaerobic ciliates.the identities and taxonomic diversity of the endosymbiotic methanogens from the anaerobic protozoa metopus contortus, metopus striatus, metopus palaeformis, trimyema sp. and pelomyxa palustris were determined by comparative analysis of their 16s ribosomal rna sequences. fluorescent oligonucleotide probes were designed to bind to the symbiont rrna sequences and to provide direct visual evidence of their origins from methanogenic archaea contained within the host cells. confocal microscopy was us ...19938085789
phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic archaea in swine waste storage pits.total dna was isolated from swine feces and a swine waste storage pit and used as templates for pcr amplification of archaeal 16 rdna using specific primers. only the sample from the center of the waste pit produced a pcr product. dna sequence analyses of random clones demonstrated a variety of methanogenic archaea. six groups of sequences were identified, including those similar to methanobrevibacter sp., methanocorpusculum sp., and methanoculleus sp. three groups of sequences represented unide ...199910518719
mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sulphate-containing wastewaters.the effect of sulphate at an influent chemical oxygen demand (cod):sulphate ratio of 4 on the operational performance of anaerobic hybrid reactors treating molasses wastewater was investigated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in a long-term laboratory-scale study over a 1,081 day period. the presence of sulphate reduced the cod removal efficiency under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. at 55 degrees c, effluent acetate levels were consistently greater than 4000 mg l(-1) in ...200212188550
diversity and structure of the archaeal community in the leachate of a full-scale recirculating landfill as examined by direct 16s rrna gene sequence retrieval.the diversity and structure of the archaeal community in the effluent leachate from a full-scale recirculating landfill was characterized by direct 16s rrna gene (16s rdna) retrieval. total-community dna was extracted from the microbial assemblages in the landfill leachate, and archaeal 16s rdnas were amplified with a universally conserved primer and an archaea-specific primer. the amplification product was then used to construct a 16s rdna clone library, and 70 randomly selected archaeal clones ...200212351237
isolation and characterization of new strains of methanogens from cold terrestrial habitats.five strains of methanogenic archaea (mt, ms, mm, msp, zb) were isolated from permanently and periodically cold terrestrial habitats. physiological and morphological studies, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the new isolates were performed. based on sequences of the 16s rrna and methyl-coenzyme m reductase a-subunit (mcra) genes all new isolates are closely related to known mesophilic and psychrotolerant methanogens. both, phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic properties allow to classify stra ...200312866859
long-term effects of operating temperature and sulphate addition on the methanogenic community structure of anaerobic hybrid reactors.the diversity, population dynamics, and activity profiles of methanogens in anaerobic granular sludges from two anaerobic hybrid reactors treating a molasses wastewater both mesophilically (37 degrees c) and thermophilically (55 degrees c) during a 1081 day trial were determined. the influent to one of the reactors was supplemented with sulphate, after an acclimation period of 112 days, to determine the effect of competition with sulphate-reducing bacteria on the methanogenic community structure ...200414723931
methanogen diversity evidenced by molecular characterization of methyl coenzyme m reductase a (mcra) genes in hydrothermal sediments of the guaymas basin.the methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of guaymas basin (gulf of california, mexico) was analyzed by pcr amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme m reductase (mcra) and 16s rrna genes. members of the methanomicrobiales and methanosarcinales dominated the mcra and 16s rrna clone libraries from the upper 15 cm of the sediments. within the h2/co2- and formate-utilizing family methanomicrobiales, two mcra and 16s rrna lineages were closely affiliated with cult ...200516085853
salinity constraints on subsurface archaeal diversity and methanogenesis in sedimentary rock rich in organic matter.the diversity of microorganisms active within sedimentary rocks provides important controls on the geochemistry of many subsurface environments. in particular, biodegradation of organic matter in sedimentary rocks contributes to the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements and strongly impacts the recovery and quality of fossil fuel resources. in this study, archaeal diversity was investigated along a salinity gradient spanning 8 to 3,490 mm cl(-) in a subsurface shale rich in ch(4) d ...200717468287
methanolinea tarda gen. nov., sp. nov., a methane-producing archaeon isolated from a methanogenic digester sludge.a novel methane-producing archaeon, strain nobi-1(t) was isolated from an anaerobic, propionate-degradation enrichment culture, which was originally obtained from a mesophilic methanogenic sludge digesting municipal sewage sludge. cells were non-motile, rod-shaped, 0.7-1.0 microm by 2.0 microm, and formed multicellular filaments longer than 8 microm. growth was observed between 35 and 55 degrees c (optimum 50 degrees c) and ph 6.7 and 8.0 (optimum ph 7.0). the g+c content of the genomic dna was ...200818175725
methane-producing microbial community in a coal bed of the illinois basin.a series of molecular and geochemical studies were performed to study microbial, coal bed methane formation in the eastern illinois basin. results suggest that organic matter is biodegraded to simple molecules, such as h(2) and co(2), which fuel methanogenesis and the generation of large coal bed methane reserves. small-subunit rrna analysis of both the in situ microbial community and highly purified, methanogenic enrichments indicated that methanocorpusculum is the dominant genus. additionally, ...200818310416
[microbial community in granules from an egsb reactor operated at 20 degrees c].the microbial communities in 6 granular sludge samples taken from a lab-scale egsb reactor operated under different organic loading rates (olr) at 20 degrees c were studied using pcr-dgge and rtq-pcr technique. the results indicate that as the olr increased from 1.5 kg/(m3 x d) to 10.0 kg/(m3 x d), the microbial communities of archaea and eubacteria in the 6 sludge samples are not changed greatly. the archaea population is highly similar among the 6 samples. the shannon indexes of archaea popula ...200819068643
genomic characterization of methanomicrobiales reveals three classes of methanogens.methanomicrobiales is the least studied order of methanogens. while these organisms appear to be more closely related to the methanosarcinales in ribosomal-based phylogenetic analyses, they are metabolically more similar to class i methanogens.200919495416
quantitative and qualitative analysis of methanogenic communities in mesophilically and psychrophilically cultivated anaerobic granular biofilims.anaerobic granulation describes the self-immobilisation of methanogenic consortia into dense, particulate biofilms. this procedure underpins the operation of several categories of high-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment system. full-scale anaerobic granular sludge plants have been generally operated in the mesophilic (20-45 degrees c) or thermophilic (45-65 degrees c) temperature range. on the other hand, recent studies highlighted the economic advantages of treating wastewaters at their discha ...200919539975
psychrophilic methanogenic community development during long-term cultivation of anaerobic granular biofilms.granular biomass was temporally sampled from a cold (4-15 degrees c) anaerobic bioreactor, which was inoculated with mesophilic biomass and used to treat industrial wastewater in a long-term (3.4 year) study. data from 16s rrna gene clone libraries, quantitative pcr and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses indicated that microbial community structure was dynamic, with shifts in the archaeal and bacterial communities' structures observed following start-up and during tempera ...200919554037
comparison of the molecular diversity of the methanogenic community at the brackish and marine ends of a uk estuary.abstract the 16s rrna sequence diversity of the euryarchaeal community in a predominately freshwater sediment at east hill bridge (ehb) on the river colne estuary, essex, uk was investigated and compared to that from marine sediments at the mouth of the river (colne point). the east hill bridge sediments appear to support the full range of methanogen phenotypes with some genotypes similar to those previously detected at colne point. however, no marine benthic group d or halophilic archaeal genot ...200219709180
reactor performance and microbial community dynamics during anaerobic biological treatment of wastewaters at 16-37 degrees c.the anaerobic biological treatment of volatile fatty acid (vfa) - and sucrose - based wastewaters was investigated in two anaerobic bioreactors, r1 and r2, over a 300-day trial period. during the trial, the operating temperature of both reactors was lowered, in a stepwise fashion, from 37 to 16 degrees c. the vfa-fed reactor maintained an excellent level of performance, regardless of operating temperature, reaching cod removal efficiencies of 95% at 18 degrees c, and a biogas methane content in ...200419712306
microbial community in granules from a high-rate egsb reactor.the spatial distribution, quantity and diversity of different microorganisms within anaerobic granular sludge from a lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed (egsb) reactor operated at different organic loading rates were studied using florescent in situ hybridization (fish), real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (rtq-pcr) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) techniques. the results indicated that most eubacteria were located in the outer layer of granule, while the archae ...200920067149
microbial community dynamics associated with biomass granulation in low-temperature (15 degrees c) anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactors.granular biofilms underpin the operation of several categories of anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactors. recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of treating both industrial and domestic wastewaters at their discharge temperatures (usually <18 degrees c), thereby avoiding the heating expenses of mesophilic (20-45 degrees c) or thermophilic (45-65 degrees c) treatments. previous low-temperature trials used mesophilic inocula and little information is available on the viability of low ...201020374975
complete genome sequence of methanocorpusculum labreanum type strain z.methanocorpusculum labreanum is a methanogen belonging to the order methanomicrobiales within the archaeal kingdom euryarchaeota. the type strain z was isolated from surface sediments of tar pit lake in the la brea tar pits in los angeles, california. m. labreanum is of phylogenetic interest because at the time the sequencing project began only one genome had previously been sequenced from the order methanomicrobiales. we report here the complete genome sequence of m. labreanum type strain z and ...200921304657
archaeal community dynamics and detection of ammonia-oxidizing archaea during composting of cattle manure using culture-independent dna analysis.the composting process is carried out under aerobic conditions involving bacteria, archaea, and fungi. little is known about the diversity of archaeal community in compost, although they may play an important role in methane production and ammonia oxidation. in the present study, archaeal community dynamics during cattle manure composting were analyzed using a clone library of the archaeal 16s rrna gene. the results indicated that methane-producing archaea (methanogen) and ammonia-oxidizing arch ...201121336928
a metaproteomic approach gives functional insights into anaerobic digestion.the objective of this work was to provide functional evidence of key metabolic pathways important for anaerobic digestion processes through the identification of highly expressed proteins in a mixed anaerobic microbial consortium.201121447011
performance and spatial community succession of an anaerobic baffled reactor treating acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation wastewater.an anaerobic baffled reactor with four compartments (c1-c4) was successfully used for treatment of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation wastewater and methane production. the chemical oxygen demand (cod) removal efficiency was 88.2% with a ch(4) yield of 0.25l/(g cod(removed)) when organic loading rate (olr) was 5.4kg codm(-3)d(-1). c1 played the most important role in solvents (acetone, butanol and ethanol) and cod removal. community structure of c2 was similar to that in c1 at stage 3 with hig ...201121664129
diversity and abundance of the rumen and fecal methanogens in altay sheep native to xinjiang and the influence of diversity on methane emissions.this study aims to investigate the influence of diet roughage proportion on the methanogenic communities from the rumen and fecal samples in altay local sheep native to xinjiang and better understand the association of methanogenic diversity or abundance with methane emissions of the ruminants. in this study, the high roughage diet was found to cause more methane emissions for either maintenance or ad-lib group, but the total methanogenic abundance was not influenced by roughage proportion and s ...201122038025
a novel fingerprint method to assess the diversity of methanogens in microbial systems.understanding the ecology of methanogens in natural and engineered environments is a prerequisite to predicting or managing methane emissions. in this study, a novel high-throughput fingerprint method was developed for determining methanogen diversity and relative abundance within environmental samples. the method described here, designated amplicon length heterogeneity pcr of the mcra gene (lh-mcra), is based on the natural length variation in the mcra gene. the mcra gene encodes the alpha-subu ...201122093027
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