| [sensitivity to various antibiotics of spiroplasmas isolated from mosquitoes in france]. | spiroplasmas are helical mycoplasmas that play a significant role in plant diseases. they are also found in arthropods that are likely to bite humans, such as ticks and mosquitoes. these arthropods can act as vectors and therefore may be of epidemiologic significance. furthermore, mainly on the grounds of morphologic evidence, spiroplasmas have been incriminated in the genesis of human creutzfeld-jacob disease. we recovered six strains of spiroplasma sp. from 1927 female mosquitoes. in vitro sus ... | 1986 | 2877430 |
| organization and structure of trna genes in spiroplasma melliferum. | to investigate the organization of trna genes in the honeybee pathogen, spiroplasma melliferum (previously referred to as spiroplasma sp. bc3), total labeled trna from s. melliferum was used as a hybridization probe to an ecori digest of the genomic dna. the results show two, or possibly three, strongly hybridizing bands. comparing the pattern obtained to that of bacillus subtilis dna suggests either that the s. melliferum trna genes are more extensively clustered or, more likely, that the s. me ... | 1987 | 3117724 |
| in vitro induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor cytolysis, and blast transformation by spiroplasma membranes. | membranes of spiroplasma sp. strain mq-1 (hereafter referred to as mq-1) were potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) secretion and of blast transformation. specific anti-recombinant murine tnf alpha antibodies markedly inhibited macrophage-mediated tumor cytolysis of a9 fibrosarcoma target cells following activation by mq-1 membranes. thus, tnf alpha plays a major role in mediation of tumor cytolysis induced by mq-1 membranes, which is similar to its role in lipopolysaccharid ... | 1990 | 2359139 |
| [isolation and characterisation of spiroplasma sp. from phytomia zonata (diptera: syrphidae)]. | to obtain the spiroplasma resources and characterize the spiroplasmas from insects in china, as well as study the taxonomy of spiroplasma based on biological characteristics. | 2009 | 19673415 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression in escherichia coli of the gene coding for the cpg dna methylase from spiroplasma sp. strain mq1(m.sssi). | we describe here the cloning, characterization and expression in e. coli of the gene coding for a dna methylase from spiroplasma sp. strain mq1 (m.sssi). this enzyme methylates completely and exclusively cpg sequences. the spiroplasma gene was transcribed in e. coli using its own promoter. translation of the entire message required the use of an opal suppressor, suggesting that uga triplets code for tryptophan in spiroplasma. sequence analysis of the gene revealed several uga triplets, in a 1158 ... | 1990 | 2181400 |
| endosymbiotic bacteria living inside the poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae). | this study investigated the endosymbiotic bacteria living inside the poultry red mite collected from five samples of one commercial farm from the uk and 16 farms from france using genus-specific pcr, pcr-ttge and dna sequencing. endosymbiotic bacteria are intracellular obligate organisms that can cause several phenotypic and reproductive anomalies to their host and they are found widespread living inside arthropods. the farm sampled from the uk was positive for bacteria of the genera cardinium s ... | 2009 | 19145467 |
| bacterial taxa associated with the hematophagous mite dermanyssus gallinae detected by 16s rrna pcr amplification and ttge fingerprinting. | dermanyssus gallinae (arthropoda, mesostigmata) is suspected to be involved in the transmission of a wide variety of pathogens, but nothing is known about its associated non-pathogenic bacterial community. to address this question, we examined the composition of bacterial communities in d. gallinae collected from standard poultry farms in brittany, france. genetic fingerprints of bacterial communities were generated by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) separation of indivi ... | 2009 | 19027065 |
| asymmetrical interactions between wolbachia and spiroplasma endosymbionts coexisting in the same insect host. | we investigated the interactions between the endosymbionts wolbachia pipientis strain wmel and spiroplasma sp. strain nsro coinfecting the host insect drosophila melanogaster. by making use of antibiotic therapy, temperature stress, and hemolymph microinjection, we established the following strains in the same host genetic background: the sw strain, infected with both spiroplasma and wolbachia; the s strain, infected with spiroplasma only; and the w strain, infected with wolbachia only. the infe ... | 2006 | 16820474 |
| rickettsial agents from parasitic dermanyssoidea (acari: mesostigmata). | mites are often overlooked as vectors of pathogens, but have been shown to harbor and transmit rickettsial agents such as rickettsia akari and orientia tsutsugamushi. we screened dna extracts from 27 mites representing 25 species of dermanyssoids for rickettsial agents such as anaplasma, bartonella, rickettsia, and wolbachia by pcr amplification and sequencing. dna from anaplasma spp., a novel bartonella sp., spiroplasma sp., wolbachia sp., and an unclassified rickettsiales were detected in mite ... | 2006 | 16596351 |
| isolation of spiroplasma sp. from an ixodes tick. | spiroplasmas are helical mycoplasmas which are found in plants and arthropods, also in ticks. some spiroplasma species are incriminated as potential pathogens for vertebrates. during a study on q fever in north rhine-westphalia, an intracellularly growing microorganism could be isolated from a pool of ixodes ticks. the agent replicated within cytoplasmic vacuoles similar to those of coxiella burnetii. pcr using coxiellae-, ehrlichiae- or chlamydiae-specific primers showed that agent z/16 was dis ... | 2006 | 16524780 |
| broad-range pcr-ttge for the first-line detection of bacterial pathogen dna in ticks. | ticks are known or suspected vectors for a wide range of bacterial pathogens. one of the first steps for tick-borne risk assessment is the detection of these pathogens in their vectors. in the present study, a broad-range pcr amplification of the eubacterial gene encoding the 16s rrna gene combined with temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) was evaluated as a method allowing the one-step detection of bacterial pathogen dna in ticks. firstly, dna extracts from bacteria known to ... | 2006 | 16472523 |
| chemically defined medium for cultivation of several epiphytic and phytopathogenic spiroplasmas. | a chemically defined medium, ld82, was formulated for in vitro cultivation of spiroplasmas. medium ld82 supported good growth for four epiphytic and insect-pathogenic spiroplasmas, spiroplasma floricola 23-6, spiroplasma sp. strain sr3, spiroplasma sp. strain brevi, and spiroplasma sp. strain as576, and of the phytopathogenic spiroplasmas spiroplasma citri maroc r8a2 and pc1. titers of all six strains grown in defined medium ld82 reached 2.0 x 10 to 6.0 x 10 cfu/ml of culture. all spiroplasma st ... | 1983 | 16346437 |
| spiroplasma leucomae sp. nov., isolated in poland from white satin moth (leucoma salicis l.) larvae. | spiroplasma sp. strain sma(t), isolated in poland from white satin moth larvae, leucoma salicis l. (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups or subgroups. dark-field microscopy of the cells revealed the classical helical shape and subsequent transmission electron microscopy revealed cells surrounded by only a single cell membrane (lacking a cell wall). growth of strain sma(t) occurred in m1d medium at 30 degrees c. strain sma(t) catabolized bo ... | 2005 | 16280509 |
| spiroplasma as a candidate agent for the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. | the recovery of a novel spiroplasma sp. from brain tissues from sheep with scrapie, cervids with chronic wasting disease, and from patients with creutzfeldt-jakob disease through passage through embryonated eggs has raised the issue of the role of spiroplasma in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse). in this review, we have inserted into an epidemiologic infection model evidence accumulated over the past 30 years showing involvement of spiroplasma infection in tse. these data suppo ... | 2005 | 16215454 |
| spiroplasma atrichopogonis sp. nov., from a ceratopogonid biting midge. | spiroplasma sp. strain gnat3597t was isolated from the biting midge genus atrichopogon (diptera: ceratopogonidae). it was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups or subgroups. dark-field microscopy of the cells revealed the classical helical shape and subsequent transmission electron microscopy revealed cells surrounded by only a cell membrane (i.e. lacking a cell wall). growth of strain gnat3597t occurred in m1d medium at 30 degrees c. strain gnat3597t catabolized both glu ... | 2005 | 15653889 |
| first evidence of an endogenous spiroplasma sp. infection in humans manifesting as unilateral cataract associated with anterior uveitis in a premature baby. | to elucidate a previously unknown aetiology of rapidly progressive unilateral cataract in a premature baby associated with severe anterior uveitis. | 2002 | 12073057 |
| spiroplasmas: evolution, adaptation and diversity. | since its designation as a separate genus some 30 years ago, spiroplasmas have been well documented in a wide range of hosts and as the causative agent of several plant and insect diseases. one major area of research is the continued identification and taxonomical characterization of new spiroplasma sp. combined with a determination of phylogenetic relationships among the various spiroplasma sp. and between the spiroplasmas and other members of the mollicutes and eubacteria. although most phylog ... | 2002 | 11861210 |
| spiroplasma sp. 16s rdna in creutzfeldt-jakob disease and scrapie as shown by pcr and dna sequence analysis. | the pathogenesis of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse), which include creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans and scrapie in sheep, remains an enigma. in this paper we present evidence for the association of spiroplasma sp., a wall-less prokaryote, with tse. we have shown pcr amplification of spiroplasma 16s rdna in tse-infected brain tissues (13 of 13 cjd cases and 5 of 9 scrapie cases) and not in control brains (0 of 50). direct sequencing of the amplified pcr products has c ... | 2001 | 11398837 |
| spiroplasma syrphidicola sp. nov., from a syrphid fly (diptera: syrphidae). | spiroplasma sp. strain ea-1(t) (t = type strain) (subgroup viii-1), which was isolated from the syrphid fly eristalis arbustorum, was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups, the cells of this strain, as revealed by dark-field light microscopy, were short, helical, and motile. an electron microscopic examination revealed wall-less cells delimited by a single membrane. the unusually short cells passed through 220-nm filter pores with no reduction in titer. the ... | 1996 | 8782692 |
| pathogenicity of spiroplasma sp. strain smca in rabbits: clinical, microbiological, and histological aspects. | newborn rabbits inoculated intracerebrally with early-passaged broth cultures of spiroplasma strain smca (suckling mouse cataract agent) either died or developed eye disease. death occurred 4 to 12 days after infection. rabbits which died showed hemorrhages throughout the brain, especially in areas leading to the optic nerve, and hemorrhages in the liver. smca could be reisolated from brain, liver, and eyes. rabbits with eye disease did not open their eyes during an observation time of 3 to 4 mo ... | 1981 | 7263065 |
| the genus spiroplasma and its non-helical descendants: phylogenetic classification, correlation with phenotype and roots of the mycoplasma mycoides clade. | the genus spiroplasma (helical mollicutes: bacteria: firmicutes: mollicutes: entomoplasmatales: spiroplasmataceae) is associated primarily with insects. the mycoplasma mycoides cluster (sensu weisburg et al. 1989 and johansson and pettersson 2002) is a group of mollicutes that includes the type species - mycoplasma mycoides - of mycoplasmatales, mycoplasmataceae and mycoplasma. this cluster, associated solely with ruminants, contains five other species and subspecies. earlier phylogenetic recons ... | 2004 | 15143041 |
| bilirubin incorporation into spiroplasma membranes and methylation of spiroplasmal dna. | spiroplasma floricola (bnr-1), spiroplasma sp. mq-1 and s. apis (b-31) grown in media containing horse serum exhibited intense yellow pigmentation. yellow pigments were not observed in s. citri (r8a2) and spiroplasma sp. strains bc-3 and pps-1 grown in the same medium. the reddish-yellow pigment showed up in lipid extracts of both spiroplasma membranes and horse serum. it exhibited the typical features of bilirubin: specific absorption spectrum from 390 to 500 nm with a peak at 453 nm, and a cha ... | 1984 | 6511312 |
| development of monoclonal antibodies for detection of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in penaeid shrimp. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (nhp-b) of penaeid shrimp. the mabs tested in dot-immunoblot (d-ib) assays were capable of detecting the nhp-b in hepatopancreas samples collected from moribund juvenile litopenaeus vannamei during an experimentally induced nhp-b infection. the mabs were also screened by immunohistochemistry (ihc) using case submissions that were determined to be infected not only by histology, but also polymerase chain re ... | 2004 | 15521322 |
| [isolation of spiroplasma in france (savoie, north alps) from mosquitoes of aedes genus]. | six strains of spiroplasma sp. were isolated from aedes mosquitoes collected in france, in the northern part of the alps. as these isolates came from anthropophilic species of mosquitoes, the possible epidemiological and pathological importance of such observations is briefly discussed. no virus was isolated from these same mosquitoes. | 1985 | 3922577 |
| spiroplasma plasmids. | extrachromosomal dna, constituting plasmids or replicative forms of viruses, has been detected in a variety of spiroplasmas, particularly in spiroplasma citri. only a few of the s. citri plasmids were characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, and essentially nothing is known on functions encoded by the plasmids. our studies revealed in s. citri (r8a2) an 8.0-kbp plasmid that differed from previously described plasmids in its restriction map. it was also clonable in pbr322. the plasmid, named ... | 1987 | 3312107 |
| occurrence of deferribacterales and entomoplasmatales in the deep-sea alvinocarid shrimp rimicaris exoculata gut. | abstract the phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbial population of the hydrothermal shrimp rimicaris exoculata was determined. the presence of micro-organisms in the hindgut of the shrimp was determined, and their morphology illustrated for the first time by transmission electron microscopy. dna was extracted from the fore-, mid- and hindgut of shrimps collected at the rainbow site, at the mid-atlantic ridge, and the sequences of the small-subunit rrna (16s rdna) were analyzed. seven differe ... | 2003 | 19719579 |
| spiroplasma found in the eyes of scrapie affected sheep. | scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) occurring naturally in sheep, characteristically shows a severe retinopathy that is well developed in the terminal phases of the disease. in this study, we set out to demonstrate similar retinal changes in our ruminant spiroplasmosis tse model. | 2011 | 21199275 |
| characterisation of a nucleopolyhedrovirus and spiroplasma sp. bacterium associated with outbreaking populations of the antler moth cerapteryx graminis. | a broad survey was undertaken to characterise microbes associated with larval outbreaks of the antler moth cerapteryx graminis in cumbria, united kingdom. a nucleopolyhedrovirus present in all sampled populations at =5% prevalence, was characterised via restriction fragment length polymorphism and partial sequencing the polyhedrin, lef-8 and lef-9 genes; indicating a previously uncharacterised species most closely related to agrotis ipsilon npv. a survey of the host-associated bacterial communit ... | 2011 | 21281646 |
| detection of dna of 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' and spiroplasma sp. in unfed ticks collected from vegetation in japan. | dna fragments of 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum', a feline heamobartonella pathogen, were detected from unfed ixodes ovatus collected from vegetation in hokkaido, fukushima and yamaguchi prefectures, and unfed haemaphysalis flava in yamaguchi prefecture. this finding suggests that ixodid tick is a possible vector of 'c. mycoplasma haemominutum'. spiroplasma dna was also detected from unfed i. ovatus in hokkaido, fukushima and yamaguchi prefectures. the analysis of nucleotides sequence sugge ... | 2005 | 16397391 |
| pathogenicity of spiroplasma sp. strain smca in syrian hamsters: clinical, microbiological, and histological aspects. | the intracerebral inoculation of newborn syrian hamsters with pure cultures of spiroplasma sp. strain smca caused severe, prolonged disease involving the central nervous system, culminating in death. the disease was characterized by spasms, muscular tremors, disturbances in motor control, inability to feed, dramatic loss of weight, and runting. the effect ws dose related, with the largest numbers of viable spiroplasmas producing the highest incidence of disease and death in the shortest period o ... | 1981 | 7216453 |
| procaryotic and eucaryotic traits of dna methylation in spiroplasmas (mycoplasmas). | differences in the type of base methylated (cytosine or adenine) and in the extent of methylation were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography in the dnas of five spiroplasmas. nearest neighbor analysis and digestion by restriction enzyme isoschizomers also revealed differences in methylation sequence specificity. whereas in spiroplasma floricola and spiroplasma sp. strain pps-1 5-methylcytosine was found on the 5' side of each of the four major bases, the cytosine in spiroplasma apis dn ... | 1985 | 4044519 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the pathogenic bacteria spiroplasma penaei based on multilocus sequence analysis. | a pathogenic spiroplasma penaei strain was isolated from the hemolymph of moribund pacific white shrimp, penaeus vannamei. the shrimp sample originated from a shrimp farm near cartagena, colombia, that was suffering from high mortalities in ponds with very low salinity and high temperatures. this new emerging disease in a marine crustacean in the americas is described as a systemic infection. the multilocus phylogenetic analysis suggests that s. penaei strain has a terrestrial origin. evolutiona ... | 2010 | 19836398 |