| serological responses of broiler-type chickens, with and without newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccine, to experimental infection with mycoplasma synoviae by foot pad, air sac and aerosol. | serum plate (sp) and tube agglutination (ta) reactions and geometric mean mycoplasma synoviae (ms.) hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titers were determined on chickens infected at 21 days of age with ms. by foot pad, air sac and aerosol. one-half had been given newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine in the water at 20 days of age, and the other half had not been vaccinated with nd and ib vaccine. blood was taken at 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after ms. infection. geometric mean hi ... | 1975 | 168564 |
| growth of mycoplasma synoviae in a medium supplemented with nicotinamide instead of b-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | the cultivation of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) on growth medium requires supplementation with b-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad), an expensive and relatively unstable compound. strains of ms were adapted (selected) to grow in a medium supplemented instead with nicotinamide, a stable and inexpensive substance that can be heat-sterilized in the medium without impairing its growth-promoting properties. ms plate agglutinating antigens grown in nicotinamide-enriched media were comparable in yield ... | 1975 | 169802 |
| identification of avian mycoplasma isolates by the agar-gel precipitin test. | recent isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae were readily typed by the agar-gel precipitin test with antigens prepared by freezing and thawing, sonic vibration, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. specific antisera prepared in rabbits or in foot-pad-inoculated chickens were adequate for culture typing. relatively few sera from chickens and turkeys in naturally infected flocks reacted positively. the precipitin reaction was highly specific, however. | 1977 | 410403 |
| the storage qualities of a cell-free haemagglutinating antigen of mycoplasma synoviae for use in haemagglutination inhibition tests. | | 1978 | 755823 |
| a simple transporting and maintenance medium for mycoplasma synoviae. | a simple technique for preserving and transporting mycoplasma synoviae, which involves suspending the cells in a 20 percent glycerol medium, is described. | 1976 | 792858 |
| suppression of immunoresponses to haemophilus gallinarum with nonviable mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | the suppressive effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) on haemophilus gallinarum (hg) immune response was shown. antibody response to hg was highly suppressed when chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with hg-mg combined bacterin. findings were similar in chickens injected intramuscularly with hg and mg bacterin separately at adjacent sites. no immunosuppressive effect was recognized when injections with hg and mg bacterins were in the left and right thigh muscles, respectively, or from int ... | 1978 | 749885 |
| an ultrastructural study of avian synovium infected with an arthrotropic mycoplasma, mycoplasma synoviae. | live mycoplasma synoviae cells in agar base medium were inoculated intravenously into 10 2-week-old chickens. joint tissues were collected over a 3-week period for light and transmission electron microscopy. in infected chickens, membrane-bound vacuoles of intact m. synoviae cells were seen in the cytoplasms of adipose cells. cytoplasmic lipid-containing inclusions had accumulated in enlarged fibroblasts in tendon sheaths and loose connective tissue. synovial cells had proliferated and contained ... | 1978 | 685087 |
| pathogenicity of mycoplasma synoviae in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | | 1978 | 671922 |
| [effects of mycoplasma synoviae infection on the state of health, reactions to vaccination and results of fattening in broiler chickens (author's transl)]. | four cases in which contact infection was experimentally induced in broilers by mycoplasma synoviae (m.s.) are reported. the chickens were inoculated against newcastle disease (ncd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) in accordance with the netherlands vaccination programme. fattening was continued for six weeks. the rate of horizontal transmission of m. synoviae infection varied with the severity of the virus infection (i.e. vaccination). there was a close correlation between this finding and the ad ... | 1978 | 644563 |
| turkey sinusitis: synergism between mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis. | sinusitis was produced experimentally in turkeys after intrasinus inoculation with broth cultures of both mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis. no evidence of sinusitis was observed in other turkeys exposed to each of these organisms separately- indicating pathogenic synergism with these mycoplasmas. | 1977 | 606224 |
| serologic studies with mycoplasma synoviae in experimentally inoculated chickens. | three strains of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) (olson-wvu 1853, reported in 1956; and massachusetts 9895 and 5044, respectively isolated in 1957 and 1972) were used for experimental inoculation of chickens to evaluate the various mycoplasma serologic tests. the ms plate agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests were highly sensitive for detection of infection; reactions persisted for test periods extending to 63 weeks. correlation between ms hi-tube and micro methods was good. hi titer ... | 1976 | 938374 |
| the effect of mycoplasma synoviae on meat type hens exposed by injection into air sacs, foot pads and trachea and by aerosal. | | 1977 | 605026 |
| [mycoplasma synoviae control. i. studies on the thermal sensitivity of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas (mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepicum and mycoplasma meleagridis)]. | a number of experiments were carried out to study the thermal sensitivity of mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum as well as that of young embryos in vitro and in ovo. a full mycoplasmacidal effect was attained after heating in bouillon cultures for six hours at 45 degrees c (including cultures of mycoplasma meleagridis), for two and a half hours at 50 degrees c, for ninety minutes at 52 degrees c and for thirty minutes at 55 degrees c. yoder's method of heating to control these myco ... | 1978 | 568833 |
| haemadsorption inhibition test for the identification of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | colonies of the avian mycoplasma strains mycoplasma gallisepticum s6 and mycoplasma synoviae wvu 1853 and two mycoplasma synoviae isolates from this laboratory were shown to be haemadsorption positive for chicken erythrocytes. three mycoplasma synoviae isolates from this laboratory proved to be haemadsorption and haemagglutination negative. the haemadsorption of the mycoplasma colonies mentioned above was inhibited with specific antisera of either high or low titre. no cross-inhibition was obser ... | 1979 | 473153 |
| experimentally induced synovitis of chickens with mycoplasma synoviae: effects of dexamethasone treatment. | specific - pathogen - free chickens were inoculated in the right tibiometatarsal joint with a synovitis-derived mycoplasma synoviae strain before or during dexamethasone treatment. development of synovitis in chickens inoculated during the drug treatment was apparently delayed in comparison with development of synovitis in non-treated chickens. severity of clinical synovitis in chickens inoculated before the drug was given was apparently less than that in chickens not treated or in chickens trea ... | 1979 | 464366 |
| development of cold agglutinin to chicken red blood cells in mycoplasma synoviae infection. | serum from birds chronically infected with mycoplasma synoviae (ms) evidenced a cold agglutinin (ca) which agglutinated chicken, cat, dog, and guinea pig red blood cells (rbc) but did not agglutinate bovine and sheep rbc. agglutinin to dog rbc was widespread in serums of birds, whether or not infected with ms. | 1976 | 985270 |
| [mycoplasma synoviae control. ii. treatment of hatching eggs with tylosin tartrate (author's transl)]. | several strains of mycoplasma synoviae isolated in the netherlands during the past five years, were found to be sensitive to tylosin tartrate in vitro as well as in vivo. in one of four cases in which laying hens were infected experimentally, vertical transmission of the infective agent was demonstrated by the isolation of mycoplasma synoviae from hatching eggs laid during the second and third weeks after infection. treatment of experimentally infected eggs and eggs laid by infected flocks with ... | 1979 | 462456 |
| [the effect of mycoplasma synoviae infection on the state of health and results of fattening of broiler chickens compared with the effects of various virus infections. a field study (author's transl)]. | field studies in 160 flocks of broiler chickens in two areas in the netherlands showed that mycoplasma synoviae infection, the presence of which was detected by serological testing in 17.5 per cent, had only a slight adverse effect on the results of fattening. mycoplasma synoviae as well as ib infections were found to be more common in flocks affected with colibacillosis and/or in which higher proportions of birds were condemned because of polyserositis. infectious bursal disease, ib and celo vi ... | 1979 | 442052 |
| immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of the attachment of mycoplasma synoviae to chicken embryo fibroblasts. | the techniques of immunofluorescence and of transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the attachment of mycoplasma synoviae to chicken embryo fibroblasts. although the organisms colonized the surface of many of the cells, there was marked variation in the number of organisms associated with individual cells. | 1978 | 361567 |
| [studies on the specificity of the hemagglutination inhibition test using mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in experimentally inoculated chickens]. | | 1977 | 340190 |
| influence of environment on airsacculitis: effects of relative humidity and air temperature on broilers infected with mycoplasma synoviae and infectious bronchitis. | mycoplasma synoviae (ms) obtained from broiler chickens condemned for airsacculitis was used to determine the influence of air temperature and relative humidity on the severity of airsacculitis produced experimentally. infectious bronchitis virus was administered to 3-week-old broilers 5 days before aerosol exposure to ms broth cultures, producing extensive airsacculitis within 21-day study periods. high (31-32 c), medium (19-24 c), and low (7-10 c) air temperatures were studied in conjection wi ... | 1977 | 194567 |
| effect of infectious bursal disease on the response of chickens to mycoplasma synoviae, newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus. | at 35 days of age, chickens which as 1-day-old chicks were inoculated with the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) had significantly lower antibody titers against mycoplasma synoviae, newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus than did those never inoculated with ibdv. the ibdv also had a marked effect on the development of air-sac lesions. birds infected with ibdv that were later inoculated with m synoviae (day 14), newcastle disease virus (days 14 and 28) experienced an increa ... | 1977 | 190926 |
| [the "vaccination reaction" syndrome of broilers after vaccination against newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (author's transl)]. | in a part of the broiler flocks vaccinated against newcastle disease (n.c.d) and infectious bronchitis (i.b.), disease symptoms of lingering nature have been observed, generally in the second half of the rearing period. in a practical investigation with weekly examinations of chickens, supplemented by a serological examination of twenty-four animals per flock at the age of six weeks, it was hoped to establish the factors responsible for this "vaccination reaction". in the district under notice t ... | 1976 | 179162 |
| growth and cytopathology of mycoplasma synoviae in chicken embryo cell cultures. | mycoplasma synoviae was tested for its ability to grow and induce cytopathogenic changes in chicken embryo cell cultures. m. synoviae grew to high titers by day 5 in the presence of chick cells, but showed no growth in the tissue culture medium alone even though it was enriched with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and swine serum. infected chick cell cultures showed a progressive cytoplasmic degeneration on successive days of examination. early changes involved cytoplasmic granularity and mild ... | 1975 | 166927 |
| efficacy of linco-spectin water medication on mycoplasma synoviae airsacculitis in broilers. | three trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of linco-spectin (ls) water medication on mycoplasma synoviae (ms) air-sacculitis in broilers under controlled experimental conditions. day-old chicks were vaccinated against infectious bronchitis and newcastle disease virus and exposed to a broth culture of ms by the respiratory route. in each trial, one-half of the flock was treated with 2 g of ls per gallon of drinking water for the first five days of life, and the other half was kept as a ... | 1976 | 130899 |
| evidence for a ruthenium red-staining extracellular layer as the haemagglutinin of the wvu 1853 strain of mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1978 | 84665 |
| mycoplasma-dependent activation of normal lymphocytes: mitogenic potential of mycoplasmas for mouse lymphocytes. | nonviable preparations of a wide variety of glucose-utilizing mycoplasma species, including acholeplasma laidlawii and spiroplasma citri, were found to be mitogenic for mouse lymphocytes. particularly strong reactions were obtained with mycoplasma synoviae, m. gallisepticum, m. pneumoniae, s. citri, and a strain of m. fermentans that was previously isolated from a leukemic patient. nonviable preparations of arginine-utilizing mycoplasmas inhibited the uptake of [3h]thymidine by lymphocytes, but ... | 1977 | 924676 |
| evaluation of broiler breeder flocks for nonspecific mycoplasma synoviae reaction. | serums from 65 broiler breeder flocks were evaluated for mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) antibodies by serum plate agglutination (spa), micro hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), and agar gel precipitin (agp) tests. the nonspecific spa reaction in serum from breeder flocks was eliminated by diluting the serum 1:5 in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.2, before testing provided that the ms antigen reacted with 1:10 dilution of the ms antiserums. the nonspecific spa reac ... | 1976 | 816342 |
| studies on the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on mycoplasma synoviae. | butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) is one of the antioxidants added to human and animal feed products in concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 ppm to delay degradation of the labile lipid components. bht is known to be an inactivator of mammalian and bacterial viruses that contain lipid. results of in vitro studies showed that 10 ppm of bht in mycoplasma medium prevented growth of each of the six mycoplasma synoviae (ms) isolates. bht added at 100, 200, and 400 ppm in the feed did not have any signi ... | 1978 | 751033 |
| serological and cultural studies on broiler breeder multiplier flocks infected with mycoplasma synoviae. | nine broiler breeder flocks found infected with mycoplasma synoviae (ms) at 17 to 42 weeks of age were used for serological tests and isolations of ms. five live females and 20 to 30 serums were brought to the laboratory from each flock on three occasions. serums from flocks naturally infected reacted to the serum plate agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests throughout one laying season. ms was isolated from the trachea, turbinates, sinus, lung, and air sacs throughout one laying se ... | 1978 | 749895 |
| severe mortality in broiler chickens associated with mycoplasma synoviae and pasteurella gallinarum. | severe economic loss due to high mortality and condemnation rates occurred on two commercial broiler facilities. chickens had moderate-to-severe airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, tracheitis, and synovitis. pasteurella gallinarum was isolated from 16 of 18 pericardia, four of 14 livers, 11 of 16 air sacs, six of seven joints and one of 28 tracheas in pure culture. in addition, mycoplasma synoviae was isolated from trachea and air sac. lesions were suggestive of an escherichia coli septi ... | 1992 | 1417618 |
| stability of the mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutinating antigen against refrigeration, freezing and lyophilization. | | 1977 | 930480 |
| experimentally induced synovitis of chickens with mycoplasma synoviae: effects of bursectomy and thymectomy on course of the infection for the first four weeks. | specific pathogen-free chickens (bursectomized and x-irradiated (sbx-x), thymectomized and x-irradiated, x-irradiated, as well as nontreated) were inoculated (in the right tibiometatarsal joint) at the 4th week after hatching with a synovitis-derived mycoplasma synoviae strain. differences were not observed in recovery rate of mycoplasmas from tissues among these groups. the sbx-x chickens which were killed at 2 and 4 weeks after the intraarticular inoculation or which died during this period an ... | 1977 | 931142 |
| immunobinding assay for the speciation of avian mycoplasmas adapted for use with a 96-well filtration manifold. | an immunobinding assay capable of distinguishing among mycoplasma synoviae, m. gallisepticum, m. gallopavonis, and m. meleagridis was developed. a low-protein-binding membrane filter served as the solid support, and a 96-well microsample filtration manifold was used. the assay detected 50 ng of mycoplasmal protein, or approximately 3 x 10(4) colony-forming units, from pure or mixed cultures. no cross-reactions were observed among the mycoplasma species tested. the assay was inexpensive, easy to ... | 1991 | 1854316 |
| inhibition of avian mycoplasmal hemagglutination by igm type antibody. | intravenous exposure of turkeys to mycoplasma synoviae resulted in development of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) activity in serums within 4 days. treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol and gel-filtration separation of serum immunoglobulins indicated that the activity was due to igm type antibody. similar early hi activity was demonstrated in serums from turkeys exposed intravenously to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma meleagridis. | 1978 | 674042 |
| effect of a high level of dietary iodine on resistance of broilers to mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1978 | 674022 |
| the resistance and carrier status of meat-type hens exposed to mycoplasma synoviae. | forty-eight 32-week-old meat-type females, free from mycoplasma synoviae (ms.) and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg.) were aerosol exposed with a 24-hour broth culture of ms. 1331 and placed in 3 pens. 16 birds per pen. two males were placed in each of the 3 pens and used as contact birds. all birds were bled at 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 24, 26, and 30 weeks post ms. exposure. after the 24-week bleeding, the females were equally divided into 4 pens. all females in 2 of the pens were given a foot pad injectio ... | 1976 | 934989 |
| efficacy of chlortetracycline against mycoplasma synoviae isolated in two periods. | isolates obtained in 1954-55 were generally more pathogenic for the synovial membranes than those obtained in 1969-73. all isolates were capable of producing synovitis when inoculated into the foot pad. chlortetracycline was effective in controlling signs of infectious synovitis at the 100-g/ton concentration. the 50-g concentration prevented mortality and reduced morbidity. all concentrations of chlortetracycline used (50, 100, or 200 g/ton of feed) reduced immune response, positive agglutinati ... | 1976 | 938371 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of mycoplasma synoviae strains. | a diverse group of mycoplasma synoviae strains from various hosts, pathological processes, and geographic areas collected over about 25 years were analyzed by restriction endonuclease analysis. the results suggest that restriction endonuclease analysis of m. synoviae strains may be a useful strain identification tool to study epidemiological problems. | 1990 | 2241689 |
| recombinant dna probes for mycoplasma synoviae. | a genomic library was prepared from mycoplasma synoviae (ms) strain wvu 1853 cloned in plasmid vector puc8 and transformed in escherichia coli host jm83. in dot blot assays, four transformed e. coli clones hybridized with 32p-labeled chromosomal dna of ms but not with 32p-labeled chromosomal dna of m. gallisepticum (mg) strain s6. in southern hybridization, each of the cscl-purified recombinant plasmid clones was shown to contain two ms dna fragments between 1.0 to 2.3 kbp in length. 32p-labeled ... | 1990 | 2241699 |
| a survey of infectious diseases in wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) from arkansas. | wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) trapped as part of a relocation program by the arkansas game and fish commission were tested for selected infectious diseases and parasites. the 45 birds were trapped at four locations in pope, scott, and montgomery counties (arkansas, usa). forty-four blood samples for serology, 27 blood smears and 12 fecal samples were collected. of the serum samples tested, 20 of 44 (45%) were positive for pasteurella multocida by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ... | 1990 | 2250323 |
| studies on pasteurella multocida. iii. in vitro assay for cell-mediated immunity. | peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) from turkeys immunized against fowl cholera with a bacterin or a live avirulent vaccine (strain cs-148) were cultured in vitro with various antigenic preparations from pasteurella multocida (strain p-1059). the degree of lymphocyte stimulation (blastogenesis) was quantitated by measurement of the uptake of (3h) thymidine. higher stimulation indices were obtained with immune lymphocytes rather than nonimmune lymphocytes. stimulation was specific since pbl from t ... | 1976 | 938380 |
| effect of route of newcastle disease vaccination on the incidence of airsacculitis in chickens infected with mycoplasma synoviae. | in two separate experiments, broiler-type chickens were vaccinated at 11 days old with either the b-1 or lasota strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) by aerosol, drinking water, or eyedrop and simultaneously infected with mycoplasma synoviae (ms). the ms-infected and aerosol-vaccinated chickens had the highest mean lesion scores for airsacculitis. the aerosol-vaccinated groups had the highest hemagglutination-inhibition titers against ndv. infection with ms had no effect on antibody titers aga ... | 1976 | 938386 |
| isolation of mycoplasma synoviae from infectious synovitis of chickens. | this report describes the first isolations of mycoplasma synoviae from the synovial sheaths and joints of commercial chickens affected with synovitis in australia. over 4 years 3 separate outbreaks were investigated in which up to 20% of birds exhibited clinical signs of poor growth and "hot foot" syndrome (swollen inflamed footpads). once an outbreak occurred, chronic infection of the farm usually ensued. grossly the hocks and footpads were swollen by a purulent exudate and associated inflammat ... | 1990 | 2375719 |
| a cell-free haemagglutinating antigen of mycoplasma synoviae and its use in haemagglutination inhibition tests. | | 1976 | 950343 |
| histology of air sac lesions induced in chickens by contact exposure to mycoplasma synoviae. | chickens were housed when 1 day old with chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma synoviae. air sacs from 16 of the 2-week-old and eight of the 3-week-old contact-exposed chickens were given gross lesion scores and embedded in glycol methacrylate for slide preparation. histologic lesions in air sacs with gross scores of 0-2 were mild edema resulting in a two to eightfold increase in air sac thickness, capillary proliferation, and exudate consisting largely of heterophils and necrotic deb ... | 1976 | 969169 |
| reversion to virulence of chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | serial passage of two infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine strains in chickens enhanced their capacity to increase the incidence and severity of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) airsacculitis. included in this report were the mild massachusetts-type connaught strain and the arkansas 99 vaccine strain of ibv. the connaught strain and one of two ark 99 vaccine strains passaged in chickens increased the incidence of airsacculitis markedly compared with nonpassaged virus. the other ark 99 vaccine virus ... | 1986 | 3015106 |
| the isolation of mycoplasms synoviae from chickens with infectious synovitis and air-sacculitis in the republic of south africa. | mycoplasma synoviae was isolated from the trachea of chickens showing either typical infectious synovitis lesions or air-sacculitis. m. synoviae was identified by means of the direct plate fluorescent antibody technique and its growth-dependence on nicotine-amide-adenine dinucleotide. this is the first documented report on the isolation and identification of m. synoviae in the republic of south africa. | 1976 | 1018888 |
| comparison of pathogenicity in chickens of mycoplasma synoviae with special reference of a japanese isolate. | | 1976 | 1034155 |
| haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition with mycoplasma synoviae. | a haemagglutinating antigen prepared from cultures of m synoviae wvu 1853 successfully detected homologous haemagglutination inhibition (hi) in sera of fowls and turkeys inoculated with m synoviae. nonspecific hi was encountered with normal fowl sera but this was removed by treatment with receptor destroying enzyme. it is suggested that m synoviae. ha antigen will be a useful reagent for the diagnosis of m synoviae infection. | 1975 | 1118664 |
| lyophilization of mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutination antigen. | two hemagglutination (ha) antigens produced from mycoplasma synoviae isolates wvu-1853m and fmt grown in frey's mycoplasma broth were lyophilized for ha preservation. some increase in the ha titer occurred following lyophilization. | 1987 | 3675429 |
| influence of strain of mycoplasma synoviae and route of infection on development of synovitis or airsacculitis in broilers. | two strains of mycoplasma synoviae (wvu 1853 and f10-2as) were compared for their relative pathogenicity in terms of airsacculitis and synovitis. both strains produced air-sac lesions after aerosol exposure of chickens vaccinated against newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis; both produced synovitis when inoculated into the foot pad. the wvu 1853 strain was more likely to result in synovitis, whereas the f10-2as strain was more apt to produce air-sac lesions. | 1975 | 1120029 |
| resistance to mycoplasma synoviae is bursal dependent. | bursectomizing small bursa line birds produced susceptibility to mycoplasma synoviae. this suggested that m. synoviae is b cell dependent, but does not rule out a t cell effect. | 1973 | 4200544 |
| [[mycoplasma synoviae and infectious sinusitis in turkeys (author's transl)]. | studies on two flocks of table turkeys affected with chronic respiratory distress and sinusitis showed that m. gallisepticum infection could be ruled out, whereas it was apparent from serological tests as well as examination by culture that m. synoviae infection was present in these cases. | 1975 | 1154356 |
| factors influencing growth of mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1974 | 4372985 |
| antibody responses of turkeys experimentally exposed to mycoplasma synoviae. | the antibody response of turkeys exposed to mycoplasma synoviae intravenously and by way of air sacs was determined by tube agglutination, plate agglutination, hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), and gel diffusion precipitin tests. the results suggested that continued antigenic stimulation was lacking in most turkeys and that the response was due mostly to igm-type immunoglobulin. under those conditions, both types of agglutination tests were effective and were more sensitive indicators of exposur ... | 1975 | 1164312 |
| infectious bronchitis and mixed infections of mycoplasma synoviae and escherichia coli in gnotobiotic chickens. i. synergistic role in the airsacculitis syndrome. | the synergistic role of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and mixed infections of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and escherichia coli (ec) in the airsacculitis syndrome was evaluated in gnotobiotic chickens. relative air sac lesion score indexes, in descending order of severity, from various combinations of organisms were: 9.5-ibv, ms, ec; 6.8-ibv, ec; 4.5-ibv, ms; 2.7-ibv; and 0.5-ms, ec. infectious bronchitis virus caused a mild fibrinous inflammation. m. synoviae combined with ibv increased heterop ... | 1974 | 4609905 |
| decrease of antibody response to mycoplasma synoviae in chickens infected with marek's disease herpesvirus. | | 1972 | 4627550 |
| mycoplasma synoviae infection and the use of avian live virus vaccines. | | 1972 | 4676576 |
| response of turkeys to experimental infection with mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1973 | 4697705 |
| progressive changes in serum proteins and the rheumatoid factor of chickens infected with mycoplasma synoviae. | sera from controls and chickens infected with mycoplasma synoviae were examined for serum protein content by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis, and for rheumatoid factor (rf) by a latex-agglutination test at 8, 18, 28, 38, and 48 days postinoculation (dpi). mean total serum protein concentration was significantly elevated by 8 dpi and rose to much higher concentrations on each subsequent day of examination. the mean albumin concentration was significantly decreased by 8 dpi, and continued to de ... | 1976 | 1259654 |
| clinical, cultural, and serologic observations of avian mycoplasmosis in two chicken breeder flocks. | two chicken breeding flocks from different breeding lines were studied serologically and culturally for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) throughout their growing and laying period. infection was proven by successful isolation of mg from both breeders and progeny originating from these two flocks. observations of these flocks which were serologically and culturally negative for mycoplasma synoviae (ms) further disclosed that: 1) negative plate tests of large numbers of day-old progeny may sometimes ... | 1976 | 1259662 |
| [preliminary studies on the aetiology of infectious synovitis in chickens in the netherlands, with special reference to the role of mycoplasma synoviae (author's transl)]. | | 1973 | 4792031 |
| letter: isolation of mycoplasma synoviae from respiratory disease in chickens. | | 1974 | 4826000 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune response of chickens to mycoplasma synoviae. | the leukocyte migration-inhibition test was employed to demonstrate the presence of cell-mediated immunity and to ascertain its relation to immunoglobulin production in mycoplasma synoviae infection in chickens. with peripheral leukocytes and a preparation of m. synoviae used as antigen, good discrimination was obtained between naturally or experimentally infected birds and uninfected control birds. only the infected groups showed significant inhibition. positive migration inhibition values deve ... | 1976 | 1259665 |
| preparation of mycoplasma synoviae antigen for the tube agglutination test. | | 1971 | 4938692 |
| localization of an immunodominant 64 kda lipoprotein (lp 64) in the membrane of mycoplasma gallisepticum and its role in cytadherence. | a 64 kda lipoprotein (lp 64) haemagglutinin (pi 4.9-5.0) was isolated from the membrane of mycoplasma gallisepticum. triton x-114 phase partitioning has demonstrated that the hydrophobic nature of this haemagglutinin is due to a lipid portion of the molecule. autoradiography of [3h]-palmitate-labelled m. gallisepticum revealed the presence of several additional lipoproteins. immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the localization of lp 64 to the base of the terminal structure. densitometric scan ... | 1992 | 1406251 |
| serological detection of mycoplasma synoviae infection in turkeys. | the antibody response of turkeys experimentally infected with mycoplasma synoviae was determined by the serum plate agglutination (spa), hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), and microagglutination (ma) tests and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). no antibody response was detected until 2 weeks postinfection (pi) with the ma test (17% positive), 3 weeks pi with the spa test (11% positive), 4 weeks with the hi test (21% positive), and 5 weeks pi with the elisa, and even then, only 16% of ... | 1992 | 1417608 |
| breeder turkey hens seropositive and culture-negative for mycoplasma synoviae. | four flocks of clinically normal turkey breeder hens were shown to have suspect and positive mycoplasma synoviae (ms) hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and, in some cases, serum plate agglutination serology in the absence of ms isolation. in all cases, hi serology for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. meleagridis was negative. acholeplasma laidlawii was isolated from some hens in each of these ms-seropositive culture-negative flocks. immunoblotting was used ... | 1992 | 1417615 |
| isolation of mycoplasma gallopavonis from free-ranging wild turkeys in coastal north carolina seropositive and culture-negative for mycoplasma gallisepticum. | serum samples and choanal cleft swabs were collected from livetrapped and hunter killed wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) from martin and bertie counties, north carolina (usa). sera were tested for antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis by hemagglutination inhibition (hi). sera from 33% (five of 15) of livetrapped turkeys were positive for antibodies to m. gallisepticum by hi, and all were negative for antibodies to m. synoviae and m. meleagridis. ... | 1992 | 1548788 |
| pathology of chickens inoculated experimentally or contact-infected with mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1970 | 5427236 |
| mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum infections: differentiation by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. | | 1970 | 5440072 |
| mycoplasma synoviae in a released pen-raised wild turkey. | mycoplasma synoviae (ms) was isolated from the sinus of an adult female "wild-type" turkey found feeding with backyard chickens at a private residence in randolph county, n.c. clinical signs included sinusitis, dyspnea, emaciation, diarrhea, and nasal discharge. the bird was seropositive for ms and m. gallisepticum (mg) on the rapid plate agglutination test and had titers of 1:160 for ms and 1:20 for mg on the hemagglutination-inhibition test. isolations of ms and m. gallopavonis were confirmed ... | 1992 | 1567302 |
| effect of formalin, phenol, and merthiolate on mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutinating antigens. | | 1971 | 5547748 |
| preparation of mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutinating antigen and its use in the hemagglutination-inhibition test. | | 1969 | 5812093 |
| isolation of mycoplasma synoviae from the brains of commercial meat turkeys with meningeal vasculitis. | mycoplasma synoviae (ms) was isolated from the brains of 22-week-old commercial meat turkeys displaying severe synovitis and infrequent central nervous system signs. histological examination of the brains revealed mild-to-severe meningeal vasculitis. the vasculitis ranged from fibrinoid necrosis with little inflammation to a marked infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells disrupting the architecture of the vessel wall, accumulating as perivascular cuffs, and involving surrounding meninges. o ... | 1991 | 1953588 |
| immunoglobulin g fc receptors of mycoplasma synoviae. | the objective of the study was to demonstrate and characterize igg fc receptors of mycoplasma synoviae. two igg fc receptors were recognized with molecular weights (mw) of 80,000 and 90,000 and isoelectric focusing points (pi) of 5.3 and 4.3, respectively. the activity of the igg fc receptors was eliminated by exposure to 0.1 unit of protease for 10 minutes. mild reduction in activity was observed with trypsin between 100 to 1000 units for 10 minutes. the igg fc receptors were resistant to expos ... | 1991 | 2029247 |
| the humoral immune response of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae studied by immunoblotting. | the humoral immune response over time of white leghorn chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum or m. synoviae by an aerosol inoculation or a contact exposure were compared by immunoblotting. the response of chickens infected with m. gallisepticum were similar with respect to proteins recognized and intensity of response, regardless of mode of infection. on the other hand, chickens infected by aerosolization of m. synoviae responded to more proteins and with greater intensi ... | 1990 | 2146797 |
| elimination of mycoplasmal plate agglutination cross-reactions in sera from chickens inoculated with infectious bursal disease viruses. | sera from chickens inoculated with various challenge infectious bursal disease viruses or infectious bursal disease vaccines were found to cross-react in the mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) serum plate agglutination (spa) tests. two-fold dilutions of these cross-reacting sera with phosphate-buffered saline before retesting eliminated all non-specific agglutination in the mg and ms spa tests. cross-reactions were observed in the spa test using sera from chickens inocula ... | 1990 | 2173535 |
| infectious coryza in meat chickens in the san joaquin valley of california. | two cases of infectious coryza in meat chickens are reported. the first case involved 6-week-old broiler chickens in which only haemophilus paragallinarum was isolated. the second case involved 11-week-old roaster chickens in which h. paragallinarum and mycoplasma synoviae were isolated. both farms were in close proximity to layer-chicken farms where infectious coryza had been previously diagnosed. in both cases, only certain houses on the farm were affected, and mortality in these houses increa ... | 1990 | 2282006 |
| detection of serum antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae by a dot-immunobinding technique. | both mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) antigens prepared for the routine haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test were diluted and absorbed to the separate pieces of durapore membrane for the measurement of dot-immunobinding (dib) titers of test sera. besides, durapore strips bearing both antigens were employed for a dib test with chicken sera definitely diluted 100-fold. shortening of reaction time of chicken sera with antigens as well as with the secondary serum markedly elimina ... | 1990 | 2348588 |
| genetic and antigenic relatedness between mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | the two avian pathogens mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae were found, by southern blot hybridization of their digested dnas, to share genomic nucleotide sequences additional to those of the highly conserved ribosomal rna genes. the assumption that some of the shared sequences encode for antigens or epitopes common to both mycoplasmas was supported by western immunoblot analysis of cell proteins of one mycoplasma with specific antiserum to the other mycoplasma. interestingly, the b ... | 1989 | 2466367 |
| dna probes for mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae: application in experimentally infected chickens. | dna probes specific for mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae were selected from genomic libraries prepared in the puc13 vector. the probes hybridized with the dna of a wide spectrum of strains within each homologous species, but did not react with the heterologous species or with dna from any other avian mycoplasma or bacteria tested. experimental infection and contact exposure of chickens to m. gallisepticum served as models to test the effectiveness of the dna probe in diagnosis as compare ... | 1989 | 2800306 |
| a pathologic study of wild turkeys in connecticut. | during the 1984 to 1986 spring hunting seasons in connecticut, viscera from 300 hunter-killed wild turkeys and blood samples from live-trapped wild turkeys were examined in order to establish a health profile on the state's wild turkey population. seven species of endoparasites were recovered from 224 (75%) of 300 birds: metroliasthes lucida, ascaridia dissimilis, heterakis gallinarum, syngamus trachea, capillaria species, trichomonas gallinarum, and eimeria species. the most prevalent parasites ... | 1988 | 3168472 |
| identification of species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | temporal antisera (ta) prepared in susceptible leg-horn-type chickens against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m synoviae were evaluated to determine the extent of cross-reactivity in elisa and hemagglutination inhibition tests. species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides were identified after electrophoretic separation and protein immunoblotting with reference antisera, ta, and a monoclonal antibody specific for m gallisepticum. mycoplasma gallisepticum antiserum cross-reacted with m sy ... | 1988 | 3377311 |
| airsacculitis in turkeys exposed to mycoplasma synoviae membranes. | in studies to investigate the pathogenesis of mycoplasmal airsacculitis, exudative lesions were produced in turkeys by intra-air-sac inoculation with mycoplasma synoviae cell membranes and viable organisms. membrane inocula containing 5 mg of protein produced more severe lesions than inocula containing either 2.5 mg or 1 mg protein. turkeys exposed to 5 mg of membrane protein developed moderately severe airsacculitis; those exposed to viable organisms developed markedly severe airsacculitis. mic ... | 1987 | 3442536 |
| selection and comparison of mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutinating and nonhemagglutinating variants. | hemagglutinating (ha) and nonhemagglutinating (nha) variants were selected from each of two strains of mycoplasma synoviae, wvu-1853 and neb-3s. the ha titers of antigens prepared by 100-fold concentration of broth cultures were 1:2560 and 1:5120 for the ha variants and less than 1:5 for the nha variants. adsorption of erythrocytes to colonies of the variants was directly correlated with ha activity. the ha and nha characteristics were stable in vitro, and there was no change in ha titers after ... | 1985 | 3833220 |
| the nicotine adenine dinucleotide requirement of mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1972 | 4335831 |
| delayed growth and atypical colony formation of mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1974 | 4445590 |
| effect of mycoplasma synoviae on broiler performance. | | 1973 | 4760743 |
| field studies with mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1973 | 4766565 |
| forms of leg abnormality observed in male broilers fed on a diet containing 12.5 percent rapeseed meal. | the incidence of leg abnormalities was studied in 216 male ross i broilers, fed for 10 weeks on a diet containing 12.5 per cent extracted rapeseed. regular serological examination showed that the birds remained free from mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus throughout the period of investigation. post mortem examination and radiographs were performed when birds were culled due to leg deformities or at the end of the experiment. leg abnormalities were seen in 19.4 per ... | 1983 | 6635344 |
| an outbreak of mycoplasma synoviae infection in north carolina turkeys: comparison of isolates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. | mycoplasma synoviae (ms) isolates made in 1988-89 from turkey flocks in north carolina, missouri, and ontario, canada, were compared with each other and ms reference strains (wvu-1853, f10-2as, neb-3s, and k1968) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of cell proteins and restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of dna. sds-page and rea indicated considerable homology among ms reference strains and recent field isolates. however, sufficient differences were resolv ... | 1992 | 1329712 |
| a coagglutination assay with monoclonal antibodies for rapid laboratory identification of mycoplasma synoviae. | an agglutinating monoclonal antibody (mab s2) specific for a 55,000-molecular-weight surface protein of mycoplasma synoviae was developed by fusion of spleen cells from immunized balb/c mice with p3x63 ag8.653 myeloma cells. immunogold labeling experiments confirmed the cell surface location of the mab-recognized antigen. mab s2-coated staphylococcus aureus was used in a rapid slide coagglutination assay. eleven m. synoviae strains, including the type strain wvu 1853, coagglutinated with mab-coa ... | 1992 | 1373601 |
| airsacculitis in broilers from mycoplasma synoviae: effect on air-sac lesions of vaccinating with infectious bronchitis and newcastle virus. | | 1972 | 5079882 |
| in vitro activity of various antibiotics against mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1971 | 5099154 |
| in vitro activity of various antibiotics against mycoplasma synoviae. | | 1971 | 5099155 |
| laboratory infection of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | house sparrows were infected by aerosol with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or m. synoviae (ms). mg was reisolated from 5 to 11 sparrows 10 days postinfection, but infection appeared to be temporary. mycoplasma-free chickens reared in the experimental house became infected with mg during the trial. ms was recovered from only one sparrow. serological tests were unsatisfactory for diagnosing infected birds. the results suggest that house sparrows may be temporary biological carriers of mg. | 1983 | 6847547 |
| lymphoid organ and serologic responses of gnotobiotic and conventional chickens to infectious bronchitis virus and mixed infections of mycoplasma synoviae and escherichia coli. | | 1980 | 7009048 |
| a comparison of radiographic lesions in pelvic limbs of chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, or an arthritis-producing virus. | | 1970 | 5503017 |