| reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity in membranes and cytoplasm of acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. | the properties of the membrane-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) oxidase of acholeplasma laidlawii were compared with those of the corresponding cytoplasmic activity of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. the striking differences in ph optima, susceptibility to inhibitors and detergents, and heat inactivation between the nadh oxidase activity, with oxygen as an electron acceptor, and the nadh oxidoreductase activity, with dichlorophenol indophenol (dcpip) as an alternate elect ... | 1976 | 11208 |
| an investigation into the viability of broth cultures of the t1 strain of mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides. | the t1 broth vaccine against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia can only be stored for four weeks at +4 degrees c because after that time the titre of mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides falls below the minimal vaccinating dose. an investigation into the death of these organisms during the stationary growth phase was made. the culture medium in which the vaccine was prepared was found to contain adequate nutrients. control of the ph by the addition of koh was shown to preserve the viability ... | 1978 | 24242 |
| active k+ transport in mycoplasms mycoides var. capri. relationships between k+ distribution, electrical potential and atpase activity. | the addition of 5 . 10(-5) m or less of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to mycoplasma mycoides var. capri preferentially influences k+ influx rather than efflux and reduces by 30--40% the activity of the membrane-bound mg2+- atpase. adding valinomycin to metabolizing cells does not markedly affect k+ distribution but induces a rapid and complete loss of intracellular k+ in non-metabolizing cells. uncoupling agents such as dinitrophenol, carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, dissipate the k ... | 1979 | 36912 |
| pathogenicity of the subspecies mycoides of mycoplasma mycoides for cattle, sheep and goats. | recent work has shown that strains classified as m. mycoides subsp. mycoides may be separated into 2 types according to their growth rate and their behaviour in certain biochemical tests. the large colony (lc) types, most of which are from goats, are pathogenic for sheep and goats but apparently not for cattle. the small colony (sc) types include the classical contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) strains from cattle and four strains from goats. these sc types are potentially pathogenic for c ... | 1979 | 44610 |
| improving the specificity and yield of the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia complement fixation test antigen. | several methods for increasing yield and specificity of the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia complement fixation test antigen which is derived from mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides, strain v5, were examined. changes in culture conditions that increased the cell mass per unit volume of culture did not result in comparable increase in antigen yield. sixteen to 60-day-old cultures yielded more boiled cell antigen than younger cultures. some antigen in young cultures appeared to be masked, probab ... | 1976 | 57633 |
| immunoprecipitation of triton x-100-solubilized mycoplasma mycoides proteins. | mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (pg1 and strain y) proteins were solubilized in triton x-100, and the antigenic proteins were precipitated from this complex mixture by addition of antiserum and then separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of the 300 proteins solubilized, about 10 were precipitated. proteins of pg1, a slow-growing, small colony (sc) strain, were precipitated by antiserum to pg1 and by antiserum to strain y, a fast-growing, large colony (lc) strain. similarly, strain ... | 1979 | 93614 |
| the serological reactions of mycoplasma isolated from pneumonic sheep lungs in the sudan. | seven mycoplasma isolated from pneumonic sheep lungs were found to belong to two serologically unrelated groups. isolates in one group reacted strongly with antisera to m arginini in the metabolic inhibition and growth inhibition tests. all isolates except one failed to react with antisera to m mycoides var capri or m mycoides var mycoides. the results of the present work support the previously reported division of the isolates into two groups on the basis of their biological properties. | 1978 | 97739 |
| antibody response of horses to mycoplasma mycoides subsp capri. | in horses given whole cultures or cells of mycoplasma mycoides subsp capri (by subcutaneous and intravenous injections), antibody responses were measured by serologic procedures. during an immunization period of 22 weeks, horses produced an antiserum that was used to identify m mycoides subsp capri by agglutination, complement-fixation, and fluorescent antibody (fa) tests, but not by the growth-inhibition test. horses that were injected with whole cultures of m mycoides subsp capri responded bet ... | 1978 | 104644 |
| the use of counter current immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | | 1979 | 118987 |
| the function of sterols in membranes. | | 1976 | 184844 |
| enzymes of purine metabolism in mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. | the major pathways of ribonucleotide biosynthesis in mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides were proposed previously from studies of its usage of radioactive purines and pyrimidines. to interpret more fully the pattern of purine usage, we have assayed cell-free extracts of this organism for several enzymes associated with the salvage synthesis of purine nucleotides. m. mycoides possessed phosphoribosyltransferases for adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, gmp reductas ... | 1978 | 207675 |
| enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism in mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. | the major pathways of ribonucleotide biosynthesis in mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides have been proposed from studies on its use of radioactive purines and pyrimidines. to interpret more fully the observed pattern of pyrimidine usage, cell extracts of this organism have been assayed for several enzymes associated with the salvage synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. m. mycoides possessed uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, uridine phosphorylase, uridine (cytidine) kinase, uridine 5'-monophospha ... | 1979 | 220209 |
| studies of lactate dehydrogenase of mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing techniques have been used to compare nad-dependent l(plus) lactate dehydrogenases (ldh) from ten different strains of mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides. the enzymes were not distinguished from one another, or from normal bovine ldh 1 by these methods. the kinetic behaviour of ldh form m. mycoides (t1 vaccine strain) suggested that the enzyme could readily reduce pyruvate or oxidize lactate in a manner which, in vertebrates, requires two ... | 1975 | 239091 |
| pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis in mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. | by measuring the specific activity of nucleotides isolated from ribonucleic acid after the incorporation of (14)c-labeled precursors under various conditions of growth, we have defined the major pathways of ribonucleotide synthesis in mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. m. mycoides did not possess pathways for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides but was capable of interconversion of nucleotides. thus, uracil provided the requirement for both pyrimidine ribonucleotides. thymine is also required ... | 1977 | 324972 |
| ultrastructural localization of tellurite reduction in acholeplasma species. | aerobic reduction of tellurite by five acholeplasma species and two mycoplasma species was investigated by light and electron microscopy. among the acholeplasma species, colonies of a. laidlawii and a. oculi exhibited a heavy, macroscopically visible reduction of tellurite, whereas the reaction of a. axanthum was weaker. a. granularum and a. modicum did not reduce the substrate under the experimental conditions employed. the two subspecies of m. mycoides also reacted with tellurite, as did also ... | 1977 | 329638 |
| mycoplasma phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system: purification and characterization of enzyme i. | the mycoplasma phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system consists of three components: a membrane-bound enzyme ii, a soluble phosphocarrier protein (hpr), and a soluble enzyme i. the soluble enzyme i was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation; bio-gel p-10 gel filtration; acid precipitation; diethylaminoethyl-bio-gel a; and bio-gel htp column chromatography. the enzyme i was shown to be homogeneous by electrophoresis in a ph 8.9 non-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel and by isoel ... | 1977 | 330508 |
| the isolation and identification of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri from goats in australia. | | 1977 | 332141 |
| caprine mycoplasmosis. | | 1977 | 332142 |
| investigations into the role of carrier animals in the spread of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | an attempt was made to transmit contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) from 22 animals recovered from artificial infection to healthy animals. despite close contact and the imposition of a number of stresses no disease was transmitted. an unsuccessful attempt was made to reactivate old cbpp lesions by corticosteroid treatment, and by splenectomy. four animals recovered from artificial infection did not become reinfected when put in contact with acute disease. seven animals were reinoculated wi ... | 1977 | 337429 |
| indirect infection of cattle with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | hay infected with mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides (m mycoides) was fed to six animals on three occasions. five animals developed complement-fixing antibody in their sera and gave a positive reaction to the comparative intradermal allergic test. no animal died from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) but when they were killed, three had unequivocal lesions of the disease. m mycoides was isolated from the animals with these lesions but not from the others. cbpp was transmitted to two ... | 1977 | 337430 |
| inhibition of the growth of some strains of mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides by the blood of certain horses. | when incorporated in solid medium at a concentration of 15 per cent, the defibrinated blood of certain horses strongly suppressed the growth of some, but not all, strains of mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides so that many colonies failed to develop to a visible size. blood from a single rabbit was tested and found to exert a similar effect. there was striking variation in the degree of inhibition produced by different samples of horse blood and, of five strains of the organism examined, the t1 v ... | 1977 | 337432 |
| localization of a phosphoglycolipid in mycoplasma membranes using specific anti-lipid-antibodies. | a phosphoglycolipid, presumably identical to glyceryl-phosphoryldiglycosyl diglyceride, is the main component of the membrane glycolipids of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. it is immunologically active. anti-phosphoglycolipid antibodies were induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of the flocculated complexes of methylated bovine serum albumin with a mixture of the phosphoglycolipid and the auxiliary lipids, phosphatidyl-choline and cholesterol. the specificities of the antibodies directed ... | 1977 | 337735 |
| the effect of the route of administration on the immunity produced by the t1 strain of mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides. | | 1977 | 345376 |
| the nucleotide sequence of formylmethionine trna from mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri. | the nucleotide sequence of mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri pg3 formylmethionine trna has been determined, using in vitro labeling techniques, to be pc-g-c-g-g-g-g-s4u-a-g-a-g-c-a-g-u-d (u)-g-g-d-a-g-c-u-c-g-c-c-g-g-g-c-u-c-a-u-a-a-c-c-c-g-g-a-g-g-c-c-g-c-a-g-g-u-psi- c-g-a-g-u-c-c-u-g-c-c-c-c-c-g-c-a-a-c-c-aoh. this trna contains only three modified nucleosides s4u, d and psi, all of which are derived from uridine. both in the structural features which distinguish eukaryotic from prokaryotic initi ... | 1978 | 347398 |
| subdivision of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides from cattle and goats into two types. | some strains of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, mostly isolated from goats, grow to greater turbidity in broth and form larger colonies on solid medium than does the type strain, pg1. these strains also digest casein, liquefy inspissated serum actively and survive longer at 45 degrees c and are referred to as lc (large colony) strains. strains more closely resembling pg1 have been called sc (small colony) strains. the sc strains comprise those from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) a ... | 1978 | 356841 |
| bovine mycoplasmas: classification of groups related to mycoplasma mycoides. | | 1978 | 358809 |
| mycoplasma membrane potential determined by a fluorescent probe. | | 1978 | 361533 |
| effect of membrane cholesterol on potassium transport in mycoplasma mycoides var. capri (pg3). | relationships between membrane lipid composition and physiological properties, particularly intracellular potassium levels, have been studied at 37 degrees c in mycoplasma mycoides var. capri (pg3). native organisms grown on medium supplemented with either oleic acid plus palmitic acid or elaidic acid have identical growth characteristics, acidification properties and intracellular k content. on the other hand, when the cholesterol normally present in the membrane (20--25% of total lipids) is re ... | 1978 | 363150 |
| relationships between strains of mycoplasma mycoides subspp. mycoides and capri studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell proteins. | strains of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides have been divided into small colony (sc) and large colony (lc) types (cottew & yeats, 1978). the protein patterns of representative strains of these two types and of m. mycoides subsp. capri were compared by a high resolution, two-dimensional gel electrophoretic method. the results suggest that the lc strains are more closely related to m. mycoides subsp. capri than to the sc strains of m. mycoides subsp. mycoides. | 1978 | 370343 |
| immunosuppressive effect of trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax on the secondary immune response of cattle to mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides. | trypanosoma congolense and t vivax infections in cattle were shown to have a suppressive effect on the secondary humoral immune response to m mycoides. the trypanosome infections caused an involution of the thymus. the secondary response was biphasic in nature and was unrelated to infection with trypanosomes. | 1978 | 373035 |
| differentiation of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides from certain closely related caprine mycoplasmas by mycoplasmaemia and cross-protection tests in mice. | in recent years, mycoplasma taxonomists have found that numerous mycoplasma strains from goats are serologically indistinguishable from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp), by routinely used tests, e.g. the metabolism- and growth-inhibition tests. as a result, such organisms are now openly referred to as m. mycoides subsp. mycoides. seven of these so-called m. mycoides subsp. mycoides strains from goats were compared with two strai ... | 1979 | 376695 |
| mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and mycoplasma agalactiae isolation from goats in the united states: a review including unpublished findings. | | 1978 | 377299 |
| artificial reproduction of arthritis in calves by intubation of a virulent strain of mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides. | | 1979 | 377780 |
| active k+ transport in mycoplasma mycoides var. capri. net and unidirectional k+ movements. | analysis of the cation composition of growing mycoplasma mycoides var. capri indicates that these organisms have a high intracellular k+ concentration (ki: 200--300 mm) which greatly exceeds that of the growth medium, and a low na+ concentration (na+i: 20 mm). unlike na+i,k+i varies with cell aging. the k+ transport properties studied in washed organisms resuspended in buffered saline solution show that cells maintain a steady and large k+ concentration gradient across their membrane at the expe ... | 1979 | 378256 |
| mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides as a cause of polyarthritis in goats. | | 1979 | 387687 |
| detection of antibody against mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides in cattle by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody against mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides are presented. antibody was detected in the sera of cattle at least 19 months after recovery from an infection and at least 23 months after vaccination. almost half the sera of some animals in an area of nigera where contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is enzootic contained antibody. antibody was rarely detected when the same sera were examined by other established s ... | 1979 | 390853 |
| the sensitivity of mycoplasma mycoides var. capri cells to gamma-radiation after growth in a medium containing the thymine analogue 5-vinyluracil. | cells of the bacterium mycoplasma mycoides var. capri grown in a medium containing the potential radiation-sensitive thymine analogue 5-vinyluracil show a 3-fold increase in sensitivity towards irradiation of a dose of 15 krads of gamma-rays. | 1979 | 391223 |
| elisa detection of antibody against mycoplasma. | | 1979 | 399712 |
| passive immunity to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | a significant passive protection against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) was demonstrated in cattle. one group of cattle was inoculated with serum from cbpp-recovered cattle, while another group was inoculated with serum from susceptible cattle. the two groups, along with an untreated control group, were challenged with the virulent gladysdale strain of mycoplasma mycoides, using the in-contact method. four out of the five cattle inoculated with serum from animals which had recovered fr ... | 1975 | 766133 |
| a mycoplasma from chronic caprine pleuropneumonia in kenya. | a new mycoplasma was isolated from cases of chronic caprine pleuropneumonia in kenya. it belonged to the species mycoplasma mycoides being a member of al-aubaidi's group 8. when inoculated into goats and sheep the organism caused pleuropneumonia and local subcutaneous lesions. the pleuropneumonia was not contagious. in contrast the organism was non-pathogenic in cattle. | 1976 | 769273 |
| virulence of established vaccine strains and artificially passaged field strain of mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides. | the virulence of mycoplasma mycoides for mice, which appears to parallel virulence for cattle, was assessed in respect of four vaccine strains well known for their use in the control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. the t1 strain was slightly more virulent than v5, and both were much more virulent than f and kh3j, which could not be distinguished from each other. there was no significant difference between cultures of the t1 strain supplied by three different vaccine-producing laboratories, ... | 1976 | 772773 |
| the effect of post-vaccinal treatment with the antibiotic tylosin on the immunity produced by the t1 strain of mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. | | 1976 | 773969 |
| effect of the lipid composition of mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri and phosphatidylcholine vesicles upon the action of polyene antibiotics. | (1) the effects of filipin and amphotericin methyl ester upon the k+ efflux from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and egg lecithin sonicated vesicles were investigated. both the nature of the sterol and the composition of the membranes affected the sensitivity to each polyene antibiotic. (2) m. mycoides subsp. capri containing ergosterol was much more sensitive to amphotericin methyl ester than cells containing cholesterol. cholesterol-containing cells were about twice as sensitive to filipin as ... | 1976 | 776229 |
| experimental mycoplasma mastitis in mice. | thirteen strains of mycoplasma representing six different species, acholeplasma laidlawii, mycoplasma dispar, m. bovirhinis, m. bovigenitalium, m. agalactiae subsp. bovis, and m. mycoides subsp. mycoides, were inoculated into the mammary glands of mice, and the number of mycoplasmas present in the glands three days after inoculation was determined. the predominant response included involution of inoculated glands and a neutrophil infiltration. with the exception of m. dispar, the pathogenicity o ... | 1976 | 776833 |
| ultrastructural visualization of anionic sites on mycoplasma membranes by polycationic ferritin. | anionic sites on mycoplasma membranes were visualized in the electron microscope by a polycationized ferritin derivative. the technique of thin sectioning was used. staining prior to fixation led to clustering of ferritin granules on the mycoplasma cell surface. on glutaraldehyde-fixed mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, m. gallisepticum, m. pneumoniae, and acholeplasma laidlawii, the anionic sites were uniformly distributed over the entire membrane surface. m. hominis did not bind the polycationi ... | 1976 | 776936 |
| observations on the epidemiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: mycoplasma mycoides in urine. | during field epidemiological investigations into an outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. mycoplasma mycoides var mycoides was detected in the urine of 14 out of 19 infected cattle. the titres of the organism ranged from 10(1) to 10(8) organisms per ml of urine. the main factor affecting the excretion was the severity of the disease. | 1976 | 778951 |
| morphological changes induced during fixation of mycoplasma mycoides for electron microscopy. | only spherical mycoplasmas 0.6-0.9 mum diam were observed by darkfield microscopy in single cell suspensions prepared from exponential broth cultures of mycoplasma mycoides var mycoides and mycoplasma mycoides var capri. similar cells were seen in pseudoreplicas by electron microscopy and they are considered characteristic of the morphology of m. mycoides. when the mycoplasmas were fixed by the addition of 10% formalin to the suspensions or washed, centrifuged cells were fixed by glutaraldehyde, ... | 1975 | 779108 |
| an anamnestic response to challenge with virulent mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides of cattle immune to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | | 1976 | 780380 |
| pathology of goats and sheep experimentally infected with mycoplasma mycoides var. capri. | twenty goats and four sheep were experimentally infected with mycoplasma mycoides var. capri and examined histopathologically. death occurred or a moribund state developed in most of them within a week after parenteral inoculation with mycoplasmas. histopathological examination revealed severe serofibrinous inflammation on the serosa and interstitial connective tissue at the site of inoculation. marked inflammatory edema with infiltrating polymorphs was found in the early stage of infection. as ... | 1976 | 781542 |
| a cultural and serological study of cattle vaccinated twice with mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. | | 1976 | 786443 |
| caprine pneumonia. ii. biochemical characterisation and serological identification of mycoplasmas. | thirty strains mycoplasma isolated from pneumonic lungs of goats were chracterised biochemically and serologically. on the basis of biochemical characteristics, the strains were divided into three groups. (a) eighteen strains which fermented glucose and mannose, digested serum and reduced tetrazolium, (b) 10 strains which reduced tetrazolium, formed "film and spots" and possessed phosphatase activity and (c) two strains which catabolised arginine only. serologically group a strains were identifi ... | 1976 | 788268 |
| binding of plant lectins to mycoplasma cells and membranes. | the binding of iodinated wheat germ agglutinin, ricinus communis agglutinin, and concanavalin a to mycoplasma cells and membranes was examined. all mycoplasmas studied specifically bound concanavalin a or r. communis agglutinin and, to a lesser degree, wheat germ agglutinin. the binding of lectins to whole cells was similar to that recorded for membranes, suggesting that significant binding only occurred on the outer surface of the mycoplasma membrane. proteolysis of the membrane almost always ... | 1976 | 789327 |
| isoelectric focusing of mycoplasma proteins. | polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (pagif) in thin layer was used to resolve proteins of mycoplasma spp., acholeplasma spp., and eight strains of ureaplasma urealyticum (t-strain). a mixture of urea, triton x-100, and dithioerythritol was used to solubilize sonically disrupted cells. pagif was performed in the range of ph 3 to 10. protein patterns were carefully compared, demonstrating resolved and distinguishable species-specific protein bands. the eight serotypes of u. urealyticum (t-stra ... | 1976 | 791125 |
| studies on the origin of false positive reactions to the complement-fixation test for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | serums of cattle free from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) were tested in complement fixation (cf) tests using 3 antigens; these were the standard antigen (sa) used to test to cbpp in australia, an ethanol extract antigen (ea) also prepared from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (m. mycoides) and an antigen prepared from a group 7 bovine mycoplasma isolated from arthritis (aa). the serums included 146 which fixed complement with sa. eighty percent of these false-positive serums reacte ... | 1976 | 791232 |
| caprine pneumonia iv: pathogenicity of mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri and caprine strains of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides for goats. | | 1976 | 791976 |
| acute respiratory, circulatory and pathological changes in the calf after intravenous injections of the galactan from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. | twenty of 28 calves, 10-12 weeks of age when given intravenous injections of the galactan from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, showed transient apnoea, increased pulmonary arterial and decreased systemic arterial blood pressures, and increased packed-cell volume. necropsy revealed haemorrhages associated with alveolar ducts and vessel walls, areas of pulmonary oedema, usually associated with the haemorrhages, dilated airways and, in some, capillary thrombosis. animals that had shown changes ... | 1976 | 794475 |
| experimental infection of white-tailed deer with mycoplasma mycoides var mycoides. | | 1976 | 802766 |
| contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: mouse-protective antibody in the sera of infected and vaccinated cattle. | cattle produced humoral mouse-protective antibody (mpa) to mycoplasma mycoides var mycoides as a result of natural infection, hyperimmunisation, vaccination with well-known strains of living vaccines or vaccination with killed cultures. bovine mpa was distinct from complement-fixing and precipitating antibodies and was frequently detected in their absence, particularly in the sera of vaccinated--as opposed to naturally infected--cattle. in view of its defensive role in artificially-infected mice ... | 1975 | 807962 |
| cholesterol incorporation into bacterial membranes. | the wall-covered bacteria micrococcus lysodeikticus, bacillus megaterium, and proteus mirabilis incorporated exogenous cholesterol into their cytoplasmic membrane in quantities resembling those incorporated by sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas. cholesterol incorporation into the outer membrane of p. mirabilis was much more restricted than into the cytoplasmic membrane. | 1975 | 809427 |
| single reverse radial immunodiffusion of sera from cattle after exposure to mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides. | | 1976 | 815277 |
| contagious bovine pleuropneumonia-protection following natural infection and vaccination. | cattle that recover from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, the disease caused by mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides, are usually immune to reinfection. prohylactic inoculation against the disease has been practiced for over a century and utilizes the fact that even virulent strains of m. mycoides inoculated subcutaneously into fully susceptible cattle only very rarely produce pneumonia, but instead produce subcutaneous lesions which may or may not kill the animals depending on various factors in ... | 1975 | 1092578 |
| the importance of mycoplasmas in respiratory infections. | in contrast to the uncertain role of mycoplasmas in genital disease, there is no doubt that they produce respiratory disease. the first mycoplasma isolated, m. mycoidesis is the aetiological agent of bovine pleuropneumonia, a disease now confined to parts of africa and australia. m. capri causes a similar disease in goats which is geographically more widespread. enzootic pneumonia of pigs, seen in various parts of the world, is due primarily to m. suipneumoniae. although some strains of m. hyorh ... | 1975 | 1092579 |
| formylatable methionine transfer rna from mycoplasma: purification and comparison of partial nucleotide sequences with those of other prokaryotic initiator trnas. | the major species of the formylatable methionine trna from mycoplasma mycoides var capri has been purified. the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of the purified trna are pc-g- and c-a-a-c-c-aoh, respectively. thus, this trna also contains the unique structural feature found in two other prokaryotic initiator trnas in that the first nucleotide at the 5'-end cannot form a watson-crick type of base-pair to the fifth nucleotide from the 3'-end. the mycoplasma trna does not contain ribothymidine; howeve ... | 1975 | 1093144 |
| afebrile augmentation of fibrinogen and caeruloplasmin synthesis, and neutrocytosis induced by mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides in the rabbit. | | 1975 | 1095615 |
| the preparation of 5-cyanouracil and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine from the corresponding 5-iodo derivative and cuprous cyanide. | 5-cyanouracil has been prepared in high yield from cuprous cyanide and 5-iodouracil. the deoxynucleoside has been similarly prepared form 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and this has enabled these compounds to be labelled with (14-c) cyanide. attempts have been made to incorporate 5-cyanouracil into escherichia coli 15t and into mycoplasma mycoides var. capri dna under conditions in which several other 5-substituted uracils have been incorporated, but without success. similarly 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine co ... | 1975 | 1096081 |
| modification of the membrane composition of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri by the growth medium. | mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri was grown in different media. the amounts of the lipids in these media were varied, resulting in altered lipid compositions of the cells. lowering the amounts of cholesterol in the media resulted in less cholesterol incorporation into the cell lipid, with a concomitant decrease in the amount of phospholipid. the changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio in the mycoplasmas were very small compared with the large changes in the amounts of cholesterol which occu ... | 1975 | 1097587 |
| survival of frozen mycoplasmas. | cooling to -70 c killed a higher percentage of acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma mycoides var. capri cells than cooling to -20 c. however, to preserve cell viability for prolonged periods storage at -70 c was much more preferable. the percentage of cells surviving freezing could be increased by increasing the initial cell concentration or by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol as cryoprotective agents. in the presence of 1.5 m of any one of these agents survival rates of up to 100 ... | 1975 | 1099985 |
| the use of a fluorescent sterol to investigate the mode of action of amphotericin methyl ester, a polyene antibiotic. | | 1975 | 1100049 |
| antagonism by sterols of the action of amphotericin and filipin on the release of potassium ions from candida albicans and mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. | | 1975 | 1100776 |
| a method for determining the utilisation of glucose by mycoplasmas. | a technique for measuring glucose utilisation by mycoplasmas, in which the disappearance of glucose is monitored by the glucose-oxidase method, is proposed as an alternative to the ph method. for maximum reliability the number of organisms in the test suspension must exceed a critical minimum value. differences in efficiency of glucose utilisation were demonstrated between species of mycoplasma and acholeplasma. | 1975 | 1100838 |
| changes in fibrinogen levels, platelet counts, clotting times and fibrinolytic activity in relation to thrombosis in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. | | 1975 | 1102571 |
| ultrastructural visualization of surface carbohydrate structures on mycoplasma membranes by concanavalin a. | surface carbohydrates of mycoplasma mycoides var. capri were made visible by the cytochemical staining procedure with concanavalin a, horseradish peroxidase, and diaminobenzidine. | 1975 | 1104592 |
| the virulence of vaccine strains of mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides recovered from inoculated cattle. | the t1 and kh3j attenuated strains of m mycoides, well-known in africa for immunisation against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, were recovered from the lymph nodes of cattle at intervals up to three months after vaccination. virulence titrations in mice indicated that the organisms recovered from cattle were of no greater virulence than the strains used for inoculation. there was, therefore, no suggestion that the use of attenuated vaccines in the field might be associated with reversion to v ... | 1975 | 1118661 |
| a mycoplasma protein homologous to mammalian srp54 recognizes a highly conserved domain of srp rna. | a protein homologous to srp54, a subunit of the mammalian signal recognition particle (srp), was identified in mycoplasma mycoides. the mycoplasma protein was expressed in e.coli and purified to near homogeneity. it was shown to bind specifically in vitro to a small mycoplasma rna with structural features related to the rna component of srp. these findings provide evidence of a ribonucleoprotein complex in mycoplasma reminiscent of srp. a part of the rna was protected from ribonuclease digestion ... | 1992 | 1280809 |
| a physical and genetic map of the spiroplasma citri genome. | a physical and genetic map of the spiroplasma citri genome has been constructed using several restriction enzymes and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. a number of genes were subsequently localized on the map by the use of appropriate probes. the genome size of the spiroplasma estimated from restriction fragments is close to 1780 kbp, the largest of all mollicutes studied so far. it contains multisite insertions of spiroplasma virus 1 (spv1) sequences. the physical and genetic map of the s. citr ... | 1992 | 1349741 |
| relationships between members of the mycoplasma mycoides cluster as shown by dna probes and sequence analysis. | a gene probe, cap-21, which demonstrated interrelationships between the members of the mycoplasma mycoides cluster was developed. the probe easily differentiated mycoplasmas in this cluster by clear and predictable hybridization patterns in southern blots and separated the cluster into four groups. strains of m. mycoides subsp. mycoides which were capable of causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia composed one group. strains of m. mycoides subsp. mycoides which did not cause contagious bovine ... | 1992 | 1390110 |
| contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. a review. | the prevalence, characteristics of the aetiological agent, clinical signs, pathological changes, pathogenesis, epizootiology, microbiological and serological diagnosis, prevention, and control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp), caused by mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides sc.type, are reviewed. new aspects of the disease are discussed. a renewed interest in this disease is important because of outbreaks in southern europe since 1980. when, at the end of 1992, the national borders ... | 1992 | 1413440 |
| mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides as the cause of a subauricular abscess and mastitis in a goat. | a 6-year-old female goat was admitted with right-sided subauricular swelling and facial nerve paralysis. mastitis developed subsequently. the subauricular swelling localized to a mass and was excised. mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides was cultured from samples obtained from the mass and mammary gland. after clinical improvement, the goat was discharged to the owner with instructions to isolate the goat and to submit milk samples from the rest of the herd for microbial culturing. mycoplasma spp ... | 1992 | 1429189 |
| application of a diagnostic dna probe for the differentiation of the two types of mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. | contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp), which is caused by mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, is still a serious disease in some parts of the world. there is also a commonly occurring mycoplasma which is sufficiently related to the cbpp organism to bear the same name, even though this organism does not cause cbpp. thus it is very important to be able to distinguish between these organisms and identify either with certainty. fragments derived from m mycoides subspecies capri by restrictio ... | 1992 | 1439203 |
| [tubular structures in mycoplasma gallisepticum and the localization of a tubulin-like protein]. | in all the strains of m. gallisepticum investigated, a protein with apparent molecular weight 40 kda was revealed by immunoblotting with polyclonal anti-calf brain tubulin antibodies and monoclonal anti-chicken alpha-tubulin antibodies. in other 8 investigated mycoplasma species no positive reactions with the same antibodies were found. the m. gallisepticum cells were examined under electron microscope on fine serial sections and on some sections going at different angles to the long cell axis. ... | 1992 | 1440927 |
| application of dot immunobinding on membrane filtration (mf dot) to the study of relationships within "m. mycoides cluster" and within "glucose and arginine-negative cluster" of ruminant mycoplasmas. | a total of 189 isolates from cattle, sheep and goats, allocated to two groups on biochemical grounds, have been examined by a dot immunobinding membrane-filtration (mf dot) method. seventy glucose fermenting isolates, showing relationships with the "mycoplasma mycoides cluster", have been compared by mf dot against polyclonal hyperimmunesera prepared against the following reference strains: m. mycoides subsp. mycoides, small colony type (sc), strain pg1 and large colony type (lc) strain y goat; ... | 1992 | 1455631 |
| trial of the efficacy and immunological response to an inactivated mycoplasma f38 vaccine. | goats on two zero grazed farms carrying 1621 animals with a history of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia were subjected to a vaccine trial with an inactivated mycoplasma f38 vaccine. the results indicated that the vaccine produced an immune response, that it was very effective in reducing morbidity and mortality rates, and that a booster dose one month after the first dose of vaccine gave extra protection. | 1992 | 1466121 |
| resurgence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in nigeria. | epidemiological reports and post-mortem examination of slaughtered cattle indicate that prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) in nigeria is on the increase, despite annual mass vaccinations and other protection measures. the number of reported outbreaks increased from 20 in 1981 to 64 in 1988, 114 in 1989, 82 in 1990 and 52 in 1991 (january to june). post-mortem examinations conducted between january 1988 and june 1991 at the abattoir in maiduguri, capital of borno state (nigeri ... | 1992 | 1472726 |
| [diagnosis of caprine contagious pleuropneumonia: recent improvements]. | due to the difficulty in isolating mycoplasma sp. type f38, two techniques for rapid detection are proposed in order to identify the presence of mycoplasmas of the mycoides group in samples of pleural fluid. a modification in the composition of isolation media promotes the growth of type f38 mycoplasmas and inhibits the growth of m. ovipneumoniae strains. | 1992 | 1472732 |
| contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in australia: some historic highlights from entry to eradication. | | 1992 | 1492827 |
| nucleotide sequence of mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides plasmid pkmk1. | to facilitate the development of mycoplasmal cloning vectors, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of pkmk1, a cryptic plasmid isolated from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. it is 1875 bp in length and contains two open reading frames (orfs) that share homology with orfs from members of a large family of gram-positive bacterial plasmids which replicate via a single-stranded dna intermediate. putative origins of replication and candidate cloning sites have been identified. | 1992 | 1518915 |
| an outbreak caused by mycoplasma mycoides species in goats in the canary islands. | | 1992 | 1595163 |
| a new microtitration method for the enumeration of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) vaccines. | a new method is proposed for the microtitration of cbpp vaccines by performing eight parallel endpoint two-fold dilutions. when performed on a 96-well plate, it gives a titre with a precision of +/- 0.2 log10. by comparison, the established method, performed in tubes, gives a precision of only +/- 0.6 log10. the adaptation to microtitre plates allows much more economical culture of larger numbers of samples. statistical analysis permits determination of vial-to-vial homogeneity of a batch and ca ... | 1992 | 1610556 |
| plasmid transformation of mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides is promoted by high concentrations of polyethylene glycol. | the recent isolation and characterization of two plasmids from mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides has opened up new possibilities for studying mycoplasmal genetics. in order to facilitate the development of a genetic system in m. mycoides subsp. mycoides, parameters of polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated transformation were examined, as existing protocols prove very inefficient in this organism. the effects of peg concentration, dna concentration, presence of ca2+ ions, and choice of buffers ... | 1991 | 1661012 |
| nucleotide sequence of a mycoplasma mycoides rna which is homologous to e. coli 4.5s rna. | | 1990 | 1697679 |
| use of an elisa for differential diagnosis of mycoplasma agalactiae and m mycoides subspecies mycoides (lc) in naturally infected goat herds. | contagious agalactia is an ovine and caprine mycoplasmosis which manifests as mastitis, arthritis and keratoconjunctivitis. mycoplasma agalactiae is recognised as a causal agent but m mycoides subspecies mycoides (lc), and m capricolum may also be responsible for this syndrome in goats. the clinical signs are not pathognomonic; diagnostic procedures are based on isolation of the organism from diseased animals or by detection of seroconversion. an elisa specific for m agalactiae and m m mycoides ... | 1991 | 1716774 |
| detection of antibodies to mycoplasmas in south american camelids. | indirect haemagglutination tests on sera from 757 south american camelids (alpacas, llamas and vicunas) carried out in the andean region of peru, revealed evidence of exposure mainly to mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides lc. the incidence of detectable antibodies to this mycoplasma in 554 alpacas was 5.0 per cent and in 141 llamas 15.6 per cent. antibody to mycoplasma capricolum and the f38 biotype was detected in 0.9 per cent and 0.2 per cent of alpacas, respectively. in a group of 62 vicu ... | 1991 | 1780576 |
| oxygen uptake and h2o2 production by fermentative mycoplasma spp. | oxygen uptake and h2o2 accumulation during the metabolism of glucose and glycerol by whole cells, and of l-alpha-glycerophosphate (gp) and nadh by cells lysed with triton, was determined for the type strains of six fermentative mycoplasma species. oxidation of glucose and of nadh by m. mycoides, m. pneumoniae and m. putrefaciens was accompanied by the accumulation of relatively small quantities of h2o2 (less than 0.05 mol/mol o2), though larger quantities (0.17-0.24 mol/mol o2) were produced by ... | 1991 | 1902263 |
| preliminary field test of lyophilised contagious caprine pleuropneumonia vaccine. | fifty goats were immunised in the field against contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) using a single dose (0.15 mg) of lyophilised, saponin killed mycoplasma strain f38. two months after vaccination, these goats together with 50 unimmunised control goats were challenged by contact with goats experimentally infected with ccpp. twelve vaccinates and 14 controls died of diarrhoea due to salmonella infection during the first two weeks after challenge. the remaining immunised goats (38) with the ... | 1991 | 2034906 |
| isolation of a second cryptic plasmid from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. | plasmids have rarely been detected in organisms constituting the genus mycoplasma. recently, the isolation of a cryptic plasmid from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides has been described, and we report here the isolation of a second cryptic plasmid from this species. restriction map and southern blot analyses show that the second plasmid is distinct from the previously described plasmid, although a limited region of homology was detected. the availability of mycoplasmal cryptic plasmids may lea ... | 1990 | 2096401 |
| plus-origin mapping of single-stranded dna plasmid pe194 and nick site homologies with other plasmids. | staphylococcus aureus plasmid pe194 manifests a natural thermosensitivity for replication and can be established in several species, both gram positive and gram negative, thus making it attractive for use as a delivery vector. like most characterized plasmids of gram-positive bacteria, pe194 generates single-stranded dna. the direction of pe194 replication is clockwise, as determined by the strandedness of free single-stranded dna. significant homology exists between a 50-base-pair sequence in t ... | 1990 | 2198265 |
| mycoplasma lactucae sp. nov., a sterol-requiring mollicute from a plant surface. | strain 831-c4t (t = type strain), isolated from the surface of lettuce plants (lactuca sativa) obtained from a retail food market, was shown to be a sterol-requiring mollicute. morphological examination of this organism by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques showed that it consists of small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic coccoid cells, with individual cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. no evidence of a cell wall was observed. the organism grew rapidly in all conve ... | 1990 | 2223606 |
| codon reading properties of an unmodified transfer rna. | we have previously shown that the mycoplasma mycoides glycine trna (anticodon ucc) effectively reads the codons ggu and ggc in violation of the classic codon reading rules. we have attempted to elucidate what structural elements in this trna molecule confer this translational property and in the course of this investigation t7 rna polymerase transcription of the corresponding gene was used to produce a trna devoid of modified nucleosides. using an in vitro translation system the ability of this ... | 1990 | 2226850 |
| ligated mycoplasma genomes as dna size markers for pfge. | | 1990 | 2235523 |
| genomic maps of some strains within the mycoplasma mycoides cluster. | genomic restriction maps for the small colony (sc) strains (pg1, kh3j, gladysdale, and v5) of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia) and for mycoplasma strain pg50 (classified as bovine serogroup 7), with respective sizes of 1,280, 1,280, 1,260, 1,230, and 1,040 kbp, were compared with the map (1,200 kbp) for a large colony strain (y goat) of m. mycoides subsp. mycoides. the number and order of all mapped restriction sites were fully conserved in the ... | 1990 | 2254284 |