| proteolytic enzymes of the k-1 strain of streptomyces griseus obtained from a commercial preparation (pronase). purification and characterization of the carboxypeptidase. | we described earlier the facilitated purifications of the trypsin and aminopeptidase components present in pronase (vosbeck, k. d., chow, k. -f., and awad, w. m., jr. (1973) j. biol. chem. 248, 6029-6034). a partially resolved protein mixture left over after one of the steps in that procedure was passed through a sephadex g-75 column. by this means, a component with carboxypeptidase activity was separated from associated serine endopeptidases. further purification of this exopeptidase to apparen ... | 1976 | 399 |
| a comparison of the substrate specificities of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases from streptomyces griseus and diplococcus pneumoniae. | | 1975 | 1016 |
| hydrolysis of insoluble collagen of bull bones by streptomyces griseus crystalline protease. | hydrolysis of collagen was studied in the bull bone tissues by the str. griseus crystalline protease. the amount of collagen hydrolyzed by it composed 6.6% and 16% after 4-hour and 6-hour hydrolysis, respectively. when the enzyme:substrate ratio is 1:50 hydrolysis proceeds most intensively; with a decrease in the ratio up to 1:1000 the average amount of peptides increase from 2.6 up to 4 amino acidic residua, respectively. under conditions of denaturated collagen hydrolysis the content of hydrox ... | 1975 | 1884 |
| affinity chromatography of trypsin and related enzymes. i. preparation and characteristics of an affinity adsorbent containing tryptic peptides from protamine as ligands. | an absorbent for the affinity chromatography of trypsin ec 3.4.21.4 (ap sepharose) was prepared. the ligand was a mixture of oligopeptides (mainly di- and tripeptides) containing l-arginine as carboxyl termini, and was obtained from a tryptic digest of protamine. trypsin was absorbed at relatively low ph (7-4), but was not absorbed at the optimum ph of catalysis (8.2). this was clearly explained on the basis of the ph dependence of the interaction of trypsin with its products. inactivated trypsi ... | 1975 | 2582 |
| an endogalactosaminidase from streptomyces griseus. | an endogalactosaminidase has been purified 34-fold from the culture filtrate of streptomyces griseus. this enzyme cleaves galn-galn linkages in oligogalactosaminoglycan, a galactosamine-rich oligosaccharide isolated from the culture filtrate of a neurospora mutant. since some or all of the galn-galn bonds in this molecule link positions 1 and 4, and are in the alpha-configuration, we are probably dealing with an endo-alpha-(1 leads to 4)-galactosaminidase, bu this characterization is only tentat ... | 1975 | 3271 |
| isolation and several properties of streptomyces griseus carboxypeptidase. | enzymatic and physico-chemical properties of homogenous preparation of carboxypeptidase from streptomyces griseus are studied. ph-optimum is found to be 7.9 and 8.2 under the hydrolysis of cbs-gly-leu and hyppuryl-arg respectively, temperature optimum --60 degrees c. the enzyme splits more efficiently basic amino acids and leucine from n-terminal-protected dipeptides. str. griseus carboxypeptidase is activated by reducting agents (nacn, cisteine, ascorbic acid), it is inhibited by kmno4 and it d ... | 1976 | 6077 |
| alkaline serine proteinases d and e of streptomyces griseus k-1. | two dfp-sensitive alkaline proteinases with strong esterase activity toward ac-(ala)3-ome, designated as alkaline serine proteinases d and e, were purified pronase, a protease mixture from st. griseus k-1. each was shown to be homogeneous by acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. the molecular weights of these enzymes were estimated to be about 27,000 be gel filtration. studies on their actions on acyl-tl-amino acid methyl or ethyl esters indicated that proteinases d and e both exhibited a broad s ... | 1977 | 16870 |
| identification of folate binding macromolecule in rabbit choroid plexus. | a macromolecular binder of folic acid and folic acid derivatives has been identified in the particulate fraction of homogenates of rabbit choroid plexus. within the choroid plexus, there are 2.3 nmol of folate-binding activity (binder) per g of tissue. the molecular weight of the folate binder complex, separated from the particulate fraction after solubilization with triton x-100, was 340,000 to 400,000 by sephadex gel filtration. the partially purified binder, when freed of endogenous folates, ... | 1977 | 16898 |
| effect of covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol on immunogenicity and circulating life of bovine liver catalase. | methoxypolyethylene glycols of 1900 daltons (peg-1900) or 5000 daltons (peg-5000) were covalently attached to bovine liver catalase using 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine as the coupling agent. rabbits were immunized by the intravenous and intramuscular routes with catalase modified by covalent attachment of peg-1900 to 43% of the amino groups (peg-1900-catalase). the intravenous antiserum did not yield detectable antibodies against peg-1900-catalase or native catalase, as determined by ouchterlony an ... | 1977 | 16907 |
| purity and ph-dependence of streptomyces griseus protease 1. | | 1977 | 21502 |
| proteolytic enzymes of the k-1 strain of streptomyces griseus obtained from a commercial preparation (pronase). effect of ph, metal ions, and amino acids on aminopeptidase activity. | | 1978 | 22544 |
| immobilized form of streptomyces griseus proteases complex. | the immobilized form of proteases complex of str. griseus actinomycete is obtained by means of glutaric aldehyde with aminoethyl cellulose. hydrolysis of synthetic substrates showed that the system of peptide hydrolases is bound, but the ratio of activities as compared to the initial proteolytic complex changes, ph-optimum of the total proteolytic activity, ph- and temperature optima of stability are not changed with immobilization. on the whole no essential stabilization of the complex was obse ... | 1978 | 26997 |
| deodorization of pig feces by actinomycetes. | peg feces, a malodorous substance causing environmental pollution, were completely deodorized within 2 days by streptomyces. the optimum conditions for deodorization were as follows: ph, 8.6 to 10; temperature, 35 to 40 degrees c; moisture content, 42 to 63%; and minimum amount of inoculum, 2 g of seed culture per 10 g of fresh feces. many kinds of microorganisms were isolated from the deodorized feces, of which only actinomycetes were found to have the ability to deodorize. two strains with str ... | 1978 | 31838 |
| maleylation and ph-dependence of streptomyces griseus protease b. | the enzymatic activity of streptomyces griseus protease b (sgpb) was measured over ph range 8.4--11.5 using a specific new, chromophoric substrate n-succinyl-glycyl-glycyl-l-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide. it was found that the activity is dependent on ionization of a single group with apparent pk = 10.84, possibly lysine-125. maleylation of the epsilon-amino group of this lysine was linearily associated with the loss of enzymatic activity. it is therefore suggested that the electrostatic interact ... | 1979 | 34571 |
| myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from streptomyces griseus (studies on the biosynthesis of cyclitols, xxxviii). | it could be shown that streptomyces griseus, the microorganism producing the antibiotic streptomycin and also mutant strains of this species that cannot synthesize streptomycin, possess myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4), the enzyme cyclizing d-glucose 6-phosphate. the enzyme isolated from that organism is extremely instable, its molecular weight is approximately 260,000, and it requires a divalent metal ion for its activity. this is the first instance that an enzyme of this specific ... | 1979 | 38395 |
| [properties of immobilized complexes of streptomyces griseus proteases on different carriers]. | a complex of str. griseus proteases was obtained. the proteases were immobilized on sephadex g-200 and agarose by the bromo-cyanogen method and on the microcrystalline cellulose by means of ticl3. the enzymic complex immobilized on different carriers possesses the proteolytic activity of a wide specificity. due to addition to different carriers the activity of certain enzymes producing the complex varies. the immobilized complex is shown to be more stable in the alkaline zone. the immobilized co ... | 1979 | 38547 |
| purification and some properties of a new metallo carboxypeptidase of streptomyces griseus k-1. | | 1979 | 41837 |
| [effect of temperature and proteolytic enzymes on the immunological properties of 2 acid neurospecific antigens]. | the immunological properties of water-soluble acid neurospecific antigens a and d of the bull brain were studied as affected by heating and proteolytical enzymes (trypsin, mixture of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin, protease from streptomyces griseus). the immunological activity of antigen a is not changed essentially after its heating for 20 min at a temperature of 70-80 and 24-hour proteolysis with trypsin. heating at 90-100 c as well as hydrolysis with protease from streptomyces griseus and mi ... | 1976 | 60816 |
| biosynthesis of streptomycin. enzymic oxidation of dihydrostreptomycin (6-phosphate) to streptomycin (6-phosphate) with a particulate fraction of streptomyces griseus. | resting cells and to a greater extent permeabilized cells of streptomyces griseus can oxidize dihydrostreptomycin to streptomycin. the dihydrostreptomycin oxidoreductase activity was localized in the 100,000 x g particulate fraction. sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the particulate suspension gave a band at a density of 1.09 which consisted mainly of membrane vesicles. this fraction had high dihydrostreptomycin oxidoreductase activity. s. griseus protoplasts also contain high oxidoredu ... | 1979 | 89869 |
| the primary structure of staphylococcal protease. | the amino acid sequence of staphylococcal protease has been determined by analysis of tryptic peptides obtained from cyanogen bromide fragments. selected peptides obtained from digests with staphylococcal protease, thermolysin, and chymotrypsin provided the information necessary to align the tryptic peptides and the cyanogen bromide fragments. the protease is a single polypeptide chain of some 250 amino acids and is devoid of sulfhydryl groups. the cooh-terminal tryptic peptide of of the proteas ... | 1978 | 96922 |
| [on mechanism of gelatin-silver halogenide complex decomposition under the effect of streptomyces griseus protease]. | ionized carboxylic groups of side chains of gelatin dicarboxylic amino acids form bonds with microcrystals of silver bromide. the cleavage of peptide bonds formed first of all by aspartic and glutaminic acids as well as by glycine when hydrolyzed with str. griseus protease causes decomposition of the gelatin-silver bromide complex and sedimentation of the latter. the sedimentation contains 56-58% of silver. | 1978 | 98882 |
| high molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid from vegetative hyphae and spores of streptomyces griseus. | high molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rrnas) were isolated from young vegetative cells and spores of a streptomycin non-producing streptomyces griseus, and their electrophoretic mobility was compared to each other and to that of rrnas of escherichia coli k-12. the electrophoretic mobility of 23 and 16s rrnas from vegetative cells and spores of s. griseus was identical, but the 23s rrnas of streptomyces ribosomes migrated more slowly on polyacrylamide gel than those of e. coli riboso ... | 1978 | 99988 |
| microbial and chemical transformations of some 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. | resting cells of streptomyces griseus, mucor mucedo, and a growing culture of acinetobacter calcoaceticus when mixed with compounds related to 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-4beta,15-diacetoxy-3alpha-ol(anguidine) produced a series of derivatives that were either partially hydrolyzed or selectively acylated. these derivatives showed marked differences in activities as assayed by antifungal and tissue culture cytotoxicity tests. | 1978 | 100053 |
| molecular structure of crystalline streptomyces griseus protease a at 2.8 a resolution. i. crystallization, data collection and structural analysis. | | 1978 | 101673 |
| molecular structure of crystalline streptomyces griseus protease a at 2.8 a resolution. ii. molecular conformation, comparison with alpha-chymotrypsin and active-site geometry. | | 1978 | 101674 |
| isolation of 57co-cobalamin coenzymes at high specific activity from streptomyces griseus. | the distribution of radio-labelled cobalamins in streptomyces griseus grown in medium containing 57co-cobalt chloride has been estimated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and bioautography. 57co-methylocobalamin (me[57co]cbl) was the major form in the mycelium together with smaller amounts of 57co-adenosylcobalamin (ado[57co]cbl) and 57co-hydroxocobalamin (oh[57co]cbl). the oh[57co]cbl was detected in three forms having, respectively, anionic, cationic and neutral properties. a simple ... | 1978 | 103886 |
| crystallographic and kinetic investigations of the covalent complex formed by a specific tetrapeptide aldehyde and the serine protease from streptomyces griseus. | x-ray crystallographic data show that a specific tetrapeptide aldehyde inhibitor (n-acetylprolylalanylprolylphenylalaninal) forms a stable, covalent, tetrahedral addition complex with the serine protease, sgpa, from streptomyces griseus. earlier proposals, based on kinetic measurements, for the covalent nature of such linkages are confirmed, and the difference electron density map of this aldehyde inhibitor indicates that a major conformational change of the histidyl-57 side chain occurs on inhi ... | 1979 | 106392 |
| carboxypeptidase of streptomyces griseus. implications of its characteristics. | | 1979 | 106886 |
| acetylated methylmannose polysaccharide of streptomyces griseus. locations of the acetyl groups. | the positions of esterification of the 4 to 5 acetyl residues in the acetylated methylmannose-containing polysaccharide from streptomyces griseus have been established by the methyl replacement technique, wherein ester substituents are specifically replaced with methyl ether substituents. the newly incorporated methyl groups were distinguished from 3-o-methyl groups by the use of polysaccharide containing radioactively labeled endogenous methyl groups. the positions of methyl group localization ... | 1979 | 107171 |
| [stability of streptomyces griseus carboxypeptidase]. | carboxypeptidase of str. griseus strain 32-13 is stable during storage at a temperature of 10-15 degrees c. carbohydrates and glycerol in a concentration of 40-80% as well as 0.01 m of l-amino acid prevent the enzyme from thermoinactivation. anions, such as phosphate, borate, carbonate and acetate, have their inhibitory effect on carboxypeptidase. after the effect of chelate reagents the enzyme activity restores completely only in the presence of co2+ and partially in the presence of ni2+ greate ... | 1978 | 107641 |
| biosynthesis of streptomycin. dtdp-dihydrostreptose synthase from streptomyces griseus and dtdp-4-keto-l-rhamnose 3,5-epimerase from s. griseus and escherichia coli y10. | dtdp-dihydrostreptose synthase from streptomyces griseus was purfied about 50-fold by removal of protein with polyethyleneimine, (nh4)2so4 fractionation and gel filtration on ultrogel aca44. the synthase preparation was free of dtdp-4-keto-l-rhamnose 3,5-epimerase (dtdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose 3,5-epimerase, ec 5.1.3.13) activity. a new enzyme assay using escherichia coli y10 as source for the epimerase and dtdp-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (dtdp-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase, ec 4.2.1.46) was developed. ... | 1979 | 109125 |
| [biochemical mutants of actinomyces griseus, a producer of the antibiotic grisin. the isolation of the mutants and a study of the level of grisin antibiotic synthesis]. | biochemical mutants of actinomyces griseus producing grisin were obtained under the action of chemical mutagens. the mutants were divided into 2 groups. the mutants with impaired synthesis of amino acids of the aspartic acid family, i.e. lysine, homoserine and methionine were included into the 1st group. the 2nd group included the mutants with impaired synthesis of the other amino acids, i.e. histidine, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and valine. the antibiotic production level in the biochemi ... | 1979 | 110249 |
| a competitive labeling method for the determination of the chemical properties of solitary functional groups in proteins. | the properties of the functional groups in a protein can be used as built-in-probes of the structure of the protein. we have developed a general procedure whereby the ionization constant and chemical reactivity of solitary functional groups in proteins may be determined. the method may be applied to the side chain of histidine, tyrosine, lysine, and cysteine, as well as to the amino terminus of the protein. the method, which is an extension of the competitive labeling technique using 3h- and 14c ... | 1975 | 42 |
| the 2.8 a resolution structure of streptomyces griseus protease b and its homology with alpha-chymotrypsin and streptomyces griseus protease a. | the 2.8 a (1 a = 0.1 nm) resolution structure of the crystalline orthorhombic form of the microbial serine protease streptomyces griseus protease b (sgpb) has been solved by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement using five heavy-atom derivatives. the geometrical arrangement of the active site quartet, ser-214, asp-102, his-57, and ser-195, is similar to that found for pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin. sgpb and alpha-chymotrypsin have only 18% identity of primary structure but their tertiar ... | 1979 | 110426 |
| isolation and structure elucidation of a novel griseorhodin. | three antibiotics possessing cytotoxic properties were isolated from a strain of streptomyces griseus (fcrc-57). one was found to be identical with griseorhodin a. a second, fcrc-57-u, was found to be identical to griseorhodin c. fcrc-57-g is a new antibiotic structurally related to griseorhodins a and c, and is active against kb cells in vitro. the structure of this new antibiotic was determined using mass spectrometry, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and synthesis. | 1979 | 110759 |
| genetic relatedness between streptomycin-producing and non-producing strains of streptomyces griseus, studied by means of dna-dna hybridization. | dna-dna hybridization was studied in order to determine the genetic relatedness between a streptomycin-producing and a non-producing mutant of streptomyces griseus. the latter strain of short vegetative life cycle had been developed from the streptomycin-producing strain by means of nitrogen mustard treatment. since the two strains differ in several features, we were prompted to examine the sequence homology between their dnas. hybridization experiments carried out with the membrane filter metho ... | 1978 | 112814 |
| [action of grisin on the variability of an acinomyces griseus culture and the use of the same antibiotic as a selection agent in the selection of active variants]. | the effect of grisin on survival and variation of actinomyces griseus producin grisin was studied. the efficiency of various concentrations of grisin on induction of variation according to the feature of the antibiotic production was compared. a possibility of increasing the productivity of strain. vniigenetics-115 by the use of the mutations of resistance to grisin is shown. | 1979 | 114104 |
| [secretion of substances by different actinomycetes which induce sporulation by an asporogenic mutant of streptomyces griseus]. | the asporogenic mutant of streptomyces griseus 1439 sporulates under the action of factor a, a regulator of differentiation, liberated by the parent strain. it has been found that 11 out of 30 cultures belonging to various species of actinomycetes induce formation of spores in strain 1439. the response of this strain to each of the 11 strains of actinomycetes has shown that they liberate stimulating substances in different quantities and at different periods of time. | 1979 | 119148 |
| protein structure refinement: streptomyces griseus serine protease a at 1.8 a resolution. | | 1979 | 119870 |
| streptomycin sensitivity of ribosomes isolated from a streptomycin-producing streptomyces griseus. | the streptomycin sensitivity of ribosomes derived from a streptomycin-producing streptomyces griseus was examined in a polyuridylic acid directed 14c-phenylalanine incorporating system. in order to get reproducible results it is essential to use cell-free extracts which do not inactivate streptomycin. this condition can be fulfilled by the combination of washed ribosomes of the streptomycin-producing strain and the 110 000 g supernatant of the streptomycin-nonproducing variant of s. griseus, bec ... | 1979 | 120678 |
| influence of a-factor on the ultrastructure of the a-factor deficient mutant of streptomyces griseus. | the fine structure of the a-factor deficient mutant strain of streptomyces griseus grown in the absence or in the presence of this factor was studied by transmission electron microscopy. the submerged 96 h culture grown in the presence of the a-factor was characterized by the formation of a large amount of spores accompanied by mycelium disintegration. a number of essential ultrastructural changes were observed in the mycelium in the course of development and streptomycin biosynthesis after the ... | 1979 | 120922 |
| comparative studies on intracellular potassium- and sodium concentrations of wild-type and a macrotetrolide negative mutant of streptomyces griseus. | | 1976 | 134550 |
| characterization of ca2+-atpase activity in streptomyces griseus. | ca2+-atpase activity has been characterized in streptomyces griseus. the enzyme has a ph optimum of 8.5 at 37 degrees c. its ca2+ requirement can be substituted by cd2+, zn2+ and mn2+. mg2+ inhibits the enzyme non-competitively. | 1979 | 158068 |
| proteolytic activity of subcellular fractions from streptomyces griseus no. 45-h. | subcellular fractions were prepared from streptomyces griseus no. 45-h at different stages of life cycle, and their proteolytic activity was examined. the highest proteolytic activity was found in the 24- and 72- h-old vegetative hyphae, the lowest in the resting spores. spores contained about 9--30% of the proteolytic activity of vegetative cells. at the age of 16 h about 80%, at 26 h 70%, at 72 h 40%, and in spores about 60% of the proteolytic activity was particulate. the greatest part of the ... | 1976 | 193328 |
| effect of exogenous nucleotides on the candicidin fermentation. | addition of cyclic-amp (c-amp) to streptomyces griseus fermentations inhibited candicidin formation. in a phosphate-free resting cell system, c-amp inhibited net candicidin formation and incorporation of labeled propionate and p-aminobenzoic acid into the antibiotic but did not inhibit protein synthesis. all nucleotides tested, regardless of the position of the phosphate ester, were effective inhibitors; nucleosides and free bases were not. inhibition occurred whether the nucleotide was added ea ... | 1977 | 200324 |
| intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels and streptomycin production in cultures of streptomyces griseus. | changes in the amount of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate within the mycelium of streptomyces griseus were measured as cultures progressed through trophophase and idiophase in a complex medium supporting growth and streptomycin synthesis. concentrations were highest before the cultures entered stationary phase and had declined 90% by 5 h before the antibiotic was produced. this low conentration was maintained while the antibiotic accumulated during the idiophase. the results indicate that th ... | 1978 | 210919 |
| detection and changes of nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase activity of streptomyces griseus strains in submerged culture. | nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase (npt) activity of two streptomyces griseus strains was studied in submerged culture during their life cycle. npt activity could be detected only in the culture filtrate but not in the membrane fraction or in cell extract of the sporulating (streptomycin-non-producing) s. griseus no. 45-h. no enzyme could be detected in the non-sporulating (streptomycin-producing) s. griseus no 52--1 cultures. | 1979 | 233058 |
| detection and changes of nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase activity in cultures of streptomyces griseus strains on solid media. | the occurrence of nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase (atp: nucleotide 5'-phosphate pyrophosphotransferase, ec 2.7.4) and the changes in its activity were studied during differentiation in cultures of two streptomyces griseus strains grown on the surface of a solid medium. one of the strains does not sporulate and produce nucleotide pyro photransferase in submerged culture. nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase could be detected, though in much differing amounts, in surface cultures of both strains. | 1979 | 233457 |
| enzymic and physicochemical properties of streptomyces griseus trypsin. | streptomyces griseus trypsin has been isolated from pronase by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex and se-sephadex. the isolated enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria tested except for a low degree of contamination by an enzyme with nontryptic activity. the latter could be partially resolved by chromatography on bio-rex 70. the molar absorbancy at 280 nm was found to be 3.96 times 10-4 m-1/cm and the e1cm1% was found to be 17.3. the molecular weight was 22,800 plus or minus 800. the enzy ... | 1975 | 235280 |
| rsistance to streptomycin in a producing strain of streptomyces griseus. | streptomyces griseus s 104 was sensitive to streptomycin during exponential growth in a medium which, in the subsequent stationary phase, supported production of the antibiotic in yields above 200 mug/ml. when antibiotic production began cultures developed a tolerance toward their lethal metabolite. this was not due to an increase in ph associated with antibiotic production, since ph effects on streptomycin sensitivity in s. griseus were in the reverse direction. however, the degree of tolerance ... | 1975 | 235356 |
| two enzymes in streptomyces griseus forb the synthesis of dtdp-l-dihydrostreptose from dtdp-6-deoxy-d-xylo-4-hexosulose. | | 1975 | 238519 |
| mutational biosynthesis of a new antibiotic, streptomutin a, by an idiotroph of streptomyces griseus. | microorganisms producing antibiotics have been genetically converted by earlier workers to mutants which cannot produce antibiotic without supplementation with a moiety of the antibiotic. these antibiotics include neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, butirosin, sisomicin, ribostamycin and novobiocin. success has not been reported for organisms producing guanidinocyclitol antibiotics such as streptomycin. we mutagenized conidia of the streptomycin-producing streptomyces griseus strain 7-455f3 with n ... | 1975 | 241738 |
| topological organization of proteins in an intracellular secretory organelle: the synaptic vesicle. | intact synaptic vesicles prepared from the electric organ of the marine elasmobranch narcine brasiliensis have eight major polypeptides demonstrable on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. six of these copurify with the synaptic vesicles during isolation of vesicles by chromatography on cpg-3000 and, by this criterion, are specific to vesicles. the other two are either shared by many membrane or are contaminants. one of these proteins comigrates with actin. three different approaches were used to determ ... | 1979 | 291069 |
| physicochemical characterization of lymphocyte-activating factor (laf). | the laf produced by the mouse macrophage cell line, p388d1, is a single polypeptide chain of m.w. 12,000 to 16,000 daltons. native laf was destroyed by streptomyces griseus protease, but not by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain, although in the presence of 8 m urea, papain completely destroyed laf activity. laf did not bind to concanavalin a-sepharose, suggesting that laf does not contain significant amounts of mannosyl or glycosyl residues. since laf activity was not inactivated by a treatment ... | 1979 | 312860 |
| erythrocyte surface: novel determinant of drug susceptibility in rodent malaria. | to study the role of the erythrocyte membrane in the process of chloroquine accumulation, surface polypeptides were digested with a nonspecific protease from streptomyces griseus. this treatment activated a saturable process of chloroquine accumulation with an affinity and a specificity similar to those of mouse erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei cs (chloroquine susceptible). studies of competitive inhibitors of chloroquine accumulation yielded the following approximate values for k(i ... | 1978 | 358916 |
| peptidyl transfer ribonucleic acid hydrolase activity of proteinase k. | proteinase k, a seryl-protease obtained from tritirachium album, is able to specifically hydrolyze n-blocked aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acids (trnas). the blocked amino acid is released, and the trna molecule remains able to be recharged by its cogante amino acid. aminoacyl-trnas are highly resistant to hydrolysis by the protease. this activity is not due to contamination of the protease preparation. a commercial protease from streptomyces griseus displayed a similar activity, while trypsin, ... | 1979 | 385046 |
| nitrite reductase system involved in the terminal oxidation of the streptomyces griseus respiratory particle. | a nitrite reductase system which was associated with the electron transfer system of the respiratory particle in streptomyces griseus was studied. the electron transfer pathway consisted of the cytochrome oxidase and the nitrite reductase systems under aerobic and anaerobic conditions respectively, and these systems showed the exact opposite response to 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide and azide. azide inhibited specifically the nitrite reductase system. it seems that cytochrome d works as ... | 1977 | 401645 |
| construction and properties of hybrids obtained in interspecific crosses between streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) and streptomyces griseus kr-15. | recombinants between streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) and streptomyces griseus kr-15 were obtained using methods of hybrid construction. recombinant rcg1, obtained from a cross between s. griseus and a s. coelicolor uf (scpi-) strain, phenotypically resembled s. coelicolor uf strains and in crosses with a s. coelicolor nf donor strin produced recombinatn progeny at a frequency of 100%. recominant rcg3, like scp1-carrying s. coelicolor strains, inhibited scp1-strains of s. coelicolor and in crosses ... | 1977 | 401864 |
| acetylated methylmannose polysaccharide of streptomyces. | a polysaccharide composed of 3-o-methyl-d-mannose and d-mannose in a molar ratio of approximately 10:1 and containing 3 to 4 esterified acetyl residues has been isolated from streptomyces griseus. this acetylated methylmannose polysaccharide (ammp) is similar to the methylmannose polysaccharide (mmp) of mycobacterium smegmatis (gray, g. r., and ballou, c. e. (1971) j. biol. chem. 246, 6835-6842) in its size and composition, the absence of acidic or basic groups, and the lack of a reducing end. i ... | 1977 | 404290 |
| effect of penicillin on streptomycin production by streptomyces griseus. | the correlation between the biosynthesis of the cell wall and the formation of streptomycin (sm) in streptomyces griseus, influenced by a specific inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, was investigated. penicillin, in subinhibitory concentrations (1 to 5 mug/ml), was added to cultures of s. griseus in different stages of its life cycle. the inhibitor decreased sm production, when young cultures were treated; however, there was an increase in sm formation when penicillin was added to older cultures. ... | 1977 | 404959 |
| anhydrotrypsin and trypsin: subtle difference in the active-site conformations detected by chemical modification and cd spectroscopy. | the reactivities of the active-site histidine residue in bovine trypsin and its anhydro-derivative, as well as in streptomyces griseus trypsin and its anhydro-derivative have been compared. the reactivity with tlck was found to be lost in both of the anhydrotrypsins. on the other hand, alkylation by iodoacetamide either in the presence or absence of 1-methylguanidine proceeded faster in anhydrotrypsins than in trypsins. these differential responses to alkylating reagents are discussed in terms o ... | 1977 | 405379 |
| studies on a neuraminidase from streptomyces griseus. | | 1977 | 407102 |
| glycinothricin, a new streptothricin-class antibiotic from streptomyces griseus. | glycinothricin is a streptothricin-class antibiotic obtained for the first time from the culture broth of a strain of streptomyces griseus. glycinothricin, the deformimino derivative of antibiotic ll-ab664, gives n-methylstreptolidine, n-methyl-d-glucosamine and glycine on acid hydrolysis. in comparison with ll-ab664, glycinothricin is less active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and less toxic to mice. | 1977 | 407205 |
| [study of bone tissue insoluble collagen hydrolysis by streptomyces griseus protease using the method of n-terminal analysis]. | str. griseus protease hydrolyzes essentially insoluble collagen of bone tissue, with 34.5% of protein solubilized and 6.0% of peptide bonds splitted. 60.0 m of n-terminal amino acids is formed per 10(5) g of protein, out of them 16.8 in the fraction of free amino acids, 32.3 m in the fraction of soluble dnp-peptides and 10.9 m in that of insoluble dnp-peptides. under the effect of trypsin the amount of collagen changing to the soluble form is thrice as low and the splitted peptide bonds are ten ... | 1977 | 407689 |
| [studies on the glycopeptides of canine prothrombin]. | after degradation of canine prothrombin by the complex of streptomyces griseus proteases four glycopeptides were obtained. each of them contained aspartic acid, hexosamines, mannose, galactose and sialic acids. canine prothrombin contains two or three carbohydrate chanins, which are bound to aspartic (asparagine) residues. microheterogenity of the carbohydrate chains of canine prothrombin was found. | 1977 | 407947 |
| ribosomal ribonucleic acids from streptomyces griseus. | nucleic acids from streptomyces griseus 178 were isolated during cultivation. after their fractionation on a column of methylated serum albumin adsorbed on kieselguhr, the 16 s and 23 s rna were isolated. to characterize rnas their sedimentation coefficients, tm and nucleotide composition were determined. during cultivation of s. griseus 178 rrna level reaches two maximum peaks and the production of streptomycin influences nucleic aicds of the producer organism. | 1977 | 409702 |
| biosynthesis of n-methyl-l-glucosamine from d-glucose by streptomyces griseus. | biosynthesis of n-methyl-l-glucosamine moiety of streptomycin from d-glucose by streptomyces griseus was studied. a mixture of d-[1-(14) c] glucose and d-[6(-3)h]glucose was given to the culture of s. griseus. the 3h/14c ratio found in n-methyl-l-glucosamine further supports a mechanism that the conversion of d-glucose to l-hexose is carried out without scission of carbon skeleton. when d-[1-14c]glucose and d-[3-3h]glucose were used, the fall of 3h/14c ratio in n-metyl-l-glucosamine showed that ... | 1977 | 410456 |
| cleavage of adenosine 5'-monophosphate during uptake by streptomyces griseus. | unlabeled adenine brought about a (delayed) decrease in radioactivity that had been taken up by phosphate-limited resting cells of streptomyces griseus from [14c]adenine-labeled adenosine 5'-monophosphate (amp). inorganic phosphate, on the other hand, stimulated adenine uptake from amp, presumably by activating an energy-dependent active transport mechanism. unlabeled phosphate rapidly diluted the uptake of radioactivity from [32p]amp. adenine inhibited uptake of [32p]amp but not that of [32p]or ... | 1977 | 410793 |
| purification and specificity of carboxypeptidase from streptomyces griseus k-1. | a carboxypeptidase of st. griseus k-1 (cpase s) was found to possess the specificities of both mammalian pancreatic cpase a and b. three adsorbents for affinity chromatography were prepared by coupling l-leu, d-leu, and d-arg with ch-sepharose 4b. d-arg-ch-sepharose and l-leu-ch-sepharose retained the purified cpase s but d-leu-ch-sepharose did not. the activities of cpase s toward cgl and bga were eluted in the same position. cpase s migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophores ... | 1977 | 410802 |
| thioltrypsin. chemical transformation of the active-site serine residue of streptomyces griseus trypsin to a cysteine residue. | the active-site serine residue of streptomyces griseus trypsin was converted to a cysteine residue, and the product, thioltrypsin, was purified through two chromatographic steps with organomercurial-sepharose and soybean trypsin inhibitor-sepharose as specific adsorbents. the purified preparation of thioltrypsin was found to contain a single residue of cysteine and to react with almost equimolar amounts of normality titrants. it exhibited only traces of catalytic activity toward typical trypsin ... | 1977 | 410803 |
| [age difference of bone collagen in hydrolysis by streptomyces griseus protease]. | hydrolysis of the cattle bone insoluble collagen was studied as affected by streptomyces griseus protease. the enzymic hydrolysis was performed before and after protein decalcination. the amino acidic composition of collagens in young and old animals is the same. calcium-containing collagen of a young animal is hydrolyzed by str. griseus protease more intensely than that of an adult one. however protein decalcination not only increases, on the whole, the degree of its splitting by str. griseus p ... | 1977 | 411202 |
| lipids of streptomyces griseus. | | 1977 | 411737 |
| effect of age on the major phospholipids of streptomyces griseus. | | 1977 | 411740 |
| sequential expression of macromolecule biosynthesis and candicidin formation in streptomyces griseus. | streptomyces griseus did not produce the polyene macrolide antibiotic candicidin during the initial growth phase characterized by rapid rna synthesis. the absence of candicidin production when rna or protein synthesis was inhibited by rifampicin or chloramphenicol suggests a transcriptionally controlled late formation of the candicidin synthases. phosphate levels in the medium control the rate of dna, rna and protein synthesis. depletion of phosphate appears to trigger the onset of candicidin sy ... | 1977 | 411890 |
| effect of barbital on the biosynthesis of streptomycin in streptomyces griseus. | | 1977 | 412820 |
| production of geosmin in fermentors and extraction with an ion-exchange resin. | a method for growing streptomyces griseus lp-16 in fermentors and extracting and purifying geosmin, using an ion-exchange resin, is described. | 1977 | 413484 |
| active centers of streptomyces griseus protease 1, streptomyces griseus protease 3, and alpha-chymotrypsin: enzyme-substrate interactions. | | 1978 | 413567 |
| interaction of trypsin-like protease from streptomyces griseus with an immobilized inhibitor from kidney bean. | an immobilized double-headed inhibitor from phaseolus vulgaris l. selectively binds the trypsin-like enzyme produced by streptomyces griseus. binding takes place at ph 8.0, and at ph 2.0 the protease can be quantitatively released from the complex. purified by affinity chromatography, the trypsin-like enzyme is homogeneous according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation data. physico-chemical and enzymic properties of the enzyme are identical to those exhibited by the enz ... | 1978 | 413581 |
| isolation and characterization of a new antitumor agent produced by streptomyces griseus. | | 1977 | 413823 |
| [lysis from without of a culture of actinomyces griseus--producer of the antibiotic kormogrizein]. | a polylysogenic culture of actinomyces griseus 15 producing the antibiotic cormogrisin is sensitive to actinophages, denoted as types 15 i, 15 ii and 15 iii, which are the virulent mutants of its temperate phages. in certain cases, the variants of act. griseus 15, obtained by selection and resistant to the phages types 15 i and 15 ii, can undergo lysis-from-without by these phages. a study of the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon has shown that the lytic activity is entirely eliminated if t ... | 1977 | 414055 |
| genetic recombination in streptomyces griseus. | low-frequency (10(-6)) genetic recombination was observed in a cephamycin-producing strain of streptomyces griseus. the recombinants were predominantly heteroclones. heteroclone analysis was performed involving four heteroclones of one cross. in 100 mutants correlation was found between the type of auxotrophy and the level of antibiotic activity. a cross of this strain with a streptomycin-producing strain of s. griesus is described. | 1978 | 415037 |
| demonstration of the initial cell in streptomyces griseus by a new microscopic technique. | | 1978 | 415117 |
| [lysis of the cell walls of streptococcus group a by streptomyces griseus pronase]. | the effect of streptomyces griseus pronase on streptococcus group a cell walls was studied. cell walls were shown to be lysed by pronase, the lysis level being dependent on the molarity of the potassium-phosphate buffer used. with an increase in the buffer molarity from 0.005 m to 0.05 m lysis of cell walls decreased from 70-80% to 30%. by deae-cellulose chromatography lysates were separated into two fractions the first of which contained a group specific polysaccharide. a preparative method of ... | 1978 | 416431 |
| [slightly active actinomyces streptomycini (streptomyces griseus) mutants having a protein in the biosynthesis of the streptidine portion of the streptomycin molecule]. | twelve mutants having a block in biosynthesis of the streptidine part of the streptomyciu molecule were selected under the effect of nitrozomethylbiuret. these 12 strains responded by an increase in the level of the antibiotic production to the addition of streptidine to the cultivation medium. the complementation analysis showed that every streptidine-dependent mutant interacted at least with 2 other mutants. on the basis of the data obtained it is possible to conclude that all 12 mutants had b ... | 1978 | 416747 |
| [interaction of streptidin-dependent actinomyces streptomycini (streptomyces griseus) mutants no. 170 and 145 with mutants having blocks at various stages of streptomycin biosynthesis]. | in complementation analysis of low active streptidine dependent strains of act. streptomycini, 170 and 145 with mutants having different blocks in biosynthesis of streptomycin it was found that these strains were the donors of some thermostable substances and could reduce the biosynthesis of streptomycin in the mutants having impairements in biosynthesis of streptidine and streptobiosamine, as well as in a number of strains with unknown blocks. it is supposed that the substances produced by muta ... | 1978 | 417668 |
| intracellular levels of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppgpp) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pppgpp) in cultures of streptomyces griseus producing streptomycin. | guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppgpp) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pppgpp) were identified in the vegative mycelium of streptomyces griseus. adenosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppapp) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pppapp) were not present but several other phosphorus-containing compounds which may have been inorganic polyphosphates were detected. during exponential growth of s. griseus the concentrations of ppgpp and pppgpp were several times highe ... | 1978 | 418858 |
| isolation of galactoprotein a from hamster embryo fibroblasts and characterization of the carbohydrate unit. | a major cell surface labeled glycoprotein of hamster embryo fibroblasts, with a subunit molecular weight of 230 000, which is deleted on viral transformation [gahmberg, c. g., & hakomori, s. (1973) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 70, 3329--3333; hynes, r. o. (1973) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 70, 3170--3174], was quantitatively extracted and purified on an insolubilized ricinus communis lectin--poly(acrylhydrazido)agarose column. a glycopeptide with a molecular weight of 2000 was isolated from t ... | 1979 | 420811 |
| interactions of bpn' and carlsberg subtilisins with peptides containing aromatic amino acids at the c-terminus. specific rate enhancement due to the secondary enzyme-substrate interaction. | the interaction between bpn' or carlsberg subtilisins and peptides of the type ac-glyn-x-ome (n = 0, 1, 2, 3), where x denotes one of five different aromatic amino acids, was investigated to elucidate the effect of the secondary interaction on catalysis in relation to the nature of the x residue. the increase in interaction upon elongation of the chain was accompanied by a large increase in kcat but with no marked change in km in all the series of sensitive substrates. the peptides containing 2- ... | 1979 | 479143 |
| [partial characterization of 2 extracellular aminopeptidases (arylamidases) from the dermatophyte keratinomyces ajelloi]. | two aminopeptidases ap1 and ap2 have been isolated from keratinomyces ajelloi filtrates. the molecular weight is about 27 000 for ap1 and 23 000 for ap2. both aminopeptidases present maximum activity at ph 9.35 but 50 p. 100 of maximum activity is observed between ph 7.5 and ph 8.5. km values measured at ph 9.35 with l-leucine-p-nitroanilide as substrate are 0.38 x 10(-3) m for ap1 and 0.43 x 10(-3) m for ap2. kcat at the same ph are 63.6 sec.-1 for ap-1 and 62.8 sec-1 for ap2. both aminopeptida ... | 1979 | 486581 |
| microbial transformations and 13c-nmr analysis of colchicine. | several microorganisms were screened for their ability to biotransform colchicine, and two were selected for preparative scale fermentations. streptomyces spectabilis and streptomyces griseus both produced o2-demethylcolchicine and o3-demethylcolchicine but in different amounts. the 13c-nmr assignments of colchicine, o10-demethylcolchicine, and trimethylcolchicinic acid are reported and were used to help identify the structures of the metabolites. | 1979 | 512852 |
| aminoglycosides, genes and regulation. | a major role has been played by aminoglycoside research in the development of fermentation science especially involving genetics and regulation. the first report of the use of an antibiotic to select high producers of that antibiotic was done with the streptomycin producer. mutational biosynthesis of new antibiotics originated with studies on the neomycin producer. the first demonstration of the presence of genes coding for antibiotic inactivation in antibiotic producers was made with streptomyc ... | 1979 | 549988 |
| [effect of mutagenic factors on the variability of cultures of actinomyces griseus--preducer of the antibiotic grisin]. | the study of the lethal and mutagenic effect of ethylenimine, nitrozoguanidine, nitrozomethylurea and nitrozoethylurea on act. griseus krainsky 15, producing grisin, an antibiotic widely used in agriculture as a stimulator of domestic animal growth showed that induction of mutants with increased antibiotic production levels was most favourable under the effect of ethylenimine. the above mutagens were highly active with respect to induction of morphological mutants. no clear correlation between t ... | 1977 | 596846 |
| [biological effect of lipid fractions of actinomycetes]. | biological activity of lipid fractions of actinomycetes was examined on microorganisms and laboratory animals. the anabolic effect of the acetone fraction of actinomyces aurigineus 2377 (on wistar female rats), anabolic effect of sterols of actinomyces griseus 15 (on chicks), and the high growth stimulating effect (up to 40-60%) of sterols of actinomyces canosus 89 (on rats) were noted. the estrogenic effect of sterols of act. griseus 15, act. griseus 20 and act. albodenitrificans 13a on the sex ... | 1978 | 674115 |
| actinomycetales from corn. | mesophilic actinomycetales were isolated from whole corn, brewers grits, and break flour received from three different mills. in addition, strains were isolated from high-moisture (27 per cent) field corn; high-moisture, silo-stored corn (untreated); and high-moisture corn treated with ammonia, ammonium isobutyrate, or propionic-acetic acid. according to standard techniques, 139 strains were extensively characterized and 207 additional strains were partially characterized. on the basis of the ... | 1975 | 803819 |
| amino acid sequence of streptomyces griseus trypsin. cyanogen bromide fragments and complete sequence. | information compiled by automatic edman degradation of streptomyces griseus trypsin coupled with previous data has permitted the assignment of the first 36 residues at the nh2 terminus of the protein. cyanogen bromide cleavage at the three methionine residues followed or preceded by reduction and aminoethylation resulted in the production of four fragments, cnl to cn4, which were separated by gel filtration on sephadex g-50 or g-75. fragments cn4 (15 residues) and cn3 (5 residues) were shown to ... | 1975 | 804314 |
| studies on a dna photoreactivating enzyme from streptomyces griseus. ii. purification of the enzyme. | a procedure is described for the isolation of a dna photoreactivating enzyme from streptomyces griseus. application of chromatography on spherosil, ultraviolet-irradiated dna-cellulose, deae-cellulose and single stranded-dna-agarose resulted in a 22 000-fold purification with 46 percent recovery on the initial activity. according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the final preparation was virtually homogeneous. the absorption spectrum of the enzyme exhibited a marked absorption band in the 4 ... | 1975 | 804322 |
| the proteolytic enzymes of the k-1 strain of streptomyces griseus obtained from a commercial preparation (pronase). specificity and immobilization of aminopeptidase. | we recently described the purification of two aminopeptidases from streptomyces griseus (vosbeck, k.d., chow, k.-f., and awad, w.m., jr. (1973) j. biol. chem. 248, 6329-6034). an analysis of the amino acid composition reveals very little differences in the two proteins. each protein has alanine as the nh2-terminal residue. the aminopeptidases were treated separately with acetic anhydride; as noted in the past, the presence of glycerol is required to achieve excellent yields of acetylated active ... | 1975 | 805135 |
| factors affecting the production of candicidin. | factors affecting candicidin synthesis and mycelial growth of streptomyces griseus imru 3570 were studied. inorganic phosphate was found to inhibit candicidin synthesis but to stimulate mycelial growth. zinc, iron, and magnesium ions stimulated candicidin synthesis at relatively high concentrations in a complex medium but not in a synthetic medium. no other factors studied, such as temperature, oxygen absorption rate, and sugar concentration, were found to differentially affect antibiotic synthe ... | 1975 | 806261 |
| cycloheximide production by streptomyces griseus: control mechanisms of cycloheximide biosynthesis. | cycloheximide accumulation in a fermentation medium has been shown to be the product of the balance between synthesis and degradation of this antibiotic. glucose has been shown to prevent cycloheximide degradation. cycloheximide has been shown to interfere with its own synthesis probably due to feedback inhibition. approaches for increasing cycloheximide titers in the light of these findings are discussed. | 1975 | 808159 |
| cycloheximide production by streptomyces griseus: alleviation of end-product inhibition by dialysis-extraction fermentation. | the use of dialysis fermentation with the continuous extraction of the dialysate has resulted in a twofold increase in the cycloheximide titer due to relief from product inhibition. continuous extraction of the dialysate has eliminated the necessity for large reservoir volumes of fermentation medium normally used in dialysis fermentation. the apparatus used in this procedure is described. | 1975 | 808160 |