| partial purification and properties of glucosyltransferase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | differential centrifugation, precipitation with ammonium sulphate and chromatography on deae-cellulose led to a twenty-fold purification of glucosyltransferase from streptomyces aureofaciens b 96. the michaelis constants for glucosyluridyl diphosphate (udp-glucose) was 10.8 microm for 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (alizarin) 110 microm; the maximum rate of glucosylation reaction was 5.32 mumol per s per mg protein. the ph optimum was at 7.1; the flat temperature optimum was at 30 degrees c. u ... | 1979 | 38193 |
| specific endonucleases in streptomyces aureofaciens. | two strains of streptomyces aureofaciens were found to contain restriction endodeoxynucleases; s. aureofaciens ika 18/4 contains sau i which splits lambda dna into three fragments, s. aureofaciens ika 22201 sau ii which splits lambda dna into more than 15 fragments. | 1978 | 97188 |
| effect of l-aromatic amino acids on biosynthesis of chlortetracycline by washed resting cells of streptomyces aureofaciens. | | 1978 | 98433 |
| galactose induced colonial dissociation in streptomyces aureofaciens. | | 1978 | 99414 |
| isolation of glucosyltransferase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | streptomyces aureofaciens b 96 grown on a synthetic medium glucosylated exogenous 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (alizarin). the glucosylation was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol added to the cultivation medium. a cell-free preparation was obtained from the mycelium isolated after 16 h of growth and was found to catalyze the transfer of glucose from glucosyluridyl diphosphate to 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, giving rise to 1-hydroxy-2-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone. | 1978 | 100399 |
| isolation of ekatetrone, a new metabolite of producing variants of streptomyces aureofaciens. | from a mixture of substances formed by producing strains of streptomyces aureofaciens under conditions of submerged fermentation a new metabolite, ekatetrone, was isolated. its isolation and basic physical and chemical data are described. ekatetrone is a quinone derivative with a carboxamide group. in tests in vitro with cells of ehrlich's ascites tumour evidence was provided that ekatetrone inhibits proteo- and nucleosynthesis. | 1978 | 101501 |
| the structure of ekatetrone, a metabolite of strains of streptomyces aureofaciens. | the structure of ekatetrone has been determined from physico-chemical data obtained using the natural compound, its derivatives and products of degradation reactions. ekatetrone was found to be the lactone of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxy-2'-carbamoyl)ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-acetic acid (i). it is proposed that ekatetrone is related, biogenetically, to protetrone. | 1978 | 101502 |
| [deoxyribonuclease activity in the mycelium of streptomyces aureofaciens (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 102415 |
| [copurification and some properties of deoxyribonucleic-acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and of polynucleotide phosphorylase from streptomyces aureofaciens (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 102416 |
| the synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides, rna and protein by streptomyces aureofaciens. | during the sudden decrease in rna synthesis in streptomyces aureofaciens, i.e. around the 6th hour of cultivation, synthesis of adenosine and guanosine tetraphosphates and pentaphosphates begins. the synthesis of these nucleotides is highest during the onset of chlortetracycline production, around the 20th hour of cultivation and continues. during this phase of growth of s. aureofaciens, rna and protein synthesis are reduced by about one order of magnitude as compared to the rate which can be ob ... | 1979 | 104948 |
| fractionation of the proteolytic and amylolytic complex enzyme system of streptomyces aureofaciens and some properties of fractions. | the streptomyces aureofaciens extracellular proteolytic system was split into four fractions by carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) column chromatography giving three purely caseinolytic fractions and one fraction active toward both starch and casein. the first caseinolytic and amylolytic fraction was further fractionated by deae-sephadex a-50 chromatography into one purely amylolytic fraction and another showing both activities, was refractioned into four new fractions by deae-cellulose chromatography ... | 1979 | 107983 |
| [action of chlortetracycline on the enzymes of the producer itself, streptomyces aureofaciens]. | when preparing a cell-free extract of streptomyces aureofaciens from the culture to which chlortetracycline (1000 gamma/ml) was added before disintegration with alumina, a considerable decrease in the enzyme activity was reached. the presence of chlortetracycline during disintegration of the cells by means of glass beads did not substantially affect the enzyme activity of the cell-free extract. addition of chlortetracycline directly to the reaction mixture for the enzyme assay (up to a concentra ... | 1979 | 109037 |
| synthesis and degradation of proteins and dna in streptomyces aureofaciens. | the rate of protein synthesis in streptomyces aureofaciens, measured by incorporation of u-14c-l-leucine into cells, fluctuated during the production phase in the range of 10-15% of the values determined in the phase of intensive growth. tetracycline partially inhibited the protein synthesis during the growth phase only. the proteins synthesized between the 6th and 18th hour of growth, were 75% degraded by the 48th hour. the dna synthesis, measured by means of incorporation of 2-14c-thymine into ... | 1979 | 112013 |
| [the possible role of high molecular weight polyphosphates in chlortetracycline biosynthesis by streptomyces aureofaciens]. | the content of condensed inorganic polyphosphates in high productive and low productive streptomyces aureofaciens strains has been determined. at all the stages of growing the quantity of these compounds in low productive strain is 8-10-fold higher than in high productive strains. maximum accumulation of condensed inorganic polyphosphates in both the strains str. aureofaciens corresponds to the end of logarithmic phase of growth. in both strains the presence of two enzymes of polyphosphate biosy ... | 1976 | 179612 |
| regulation of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. xvii. purification and properties of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) in streptomyces aureofaciens. | the process of isolation and purification of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (ec 1.1.1.40) from the mycelium of the actinomycete streptomyces aureofaciens has been worked out. the enzyme was purified 35 fold. the kinetic characters of the purified enzyme are very similar to the figures for malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) from other sources. km for l-malate = 2.1 x 10(-3)m, km for nadp = 4.6 x 10(-5)m (at ph 7.4). the reaction requires metal divalent ions, mn2+ being more effective ... | 1975 | 240762 |
| influence of antimicrobial agents on contamination and chlortetracycline production. | the possibility of shortening the thermal sterilization time for cultivating media was demonstrated in chlortetracycline fermentation with an industrial strain of streptomyces aureofaciens. the medium was artificially contaminated with a mixture of eight strains of g+ and g- bacteria isolated from contaminated industrial fermentors, and the following chemical agents, either alone or in combination, were added: formaldehyde, phenol. dimethylformamide, p-aminosalicylic acid and nitrofurazone. dime ... | 1978 | 414978 |
| selection of a chemically defined medium for submerged cultivation of streptomyces aureofaciens with high extracellular caseinolytic activity. | a chemically defined medium was developed for the submerged cultivation of streptomyces aureofaciens with a high secretion of caseinolytic activity. the medium composition is: 40 g/liter maltose; 1.640 g/liter l-leucine (0.0125m); 1.765 g/liter l-lysine (0.0125m); 6.976 g/liter k2hpo4 (0.04m); 4 g/liter caco3; 0.2 g/liter mgso4.7h2o; 0.01 g/liter znso4.7h2o; 0.01 g/liter feso4.7h2o: 0.01 g/liter mnso4h2o, and 0.005 g/liter coso4.7h2o. quantitative correlations were established between the concen ... | 1977 | 588671 |
| the isolation and characterization of narasin, a new polyether antibiotic. | narasin is a new polyether antibiotic produced by a strain of streptomyces aureofaciens. it is purified by organic solvent extraction and silica gel chromatography. narasin is active in vitro against gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi and is effective in protecting chickens from coccidial infections. | 1978 | 627518 |
| biological activity of hydroxyanthraquinones and their glucosides toward microorganisms. | five mono- and dihydroxyanthraquinones as well as 12 of their glucosides (both free and acetylated) were tested with six different microbial species using the plate-diffusion method. none of the tested substances was active against escherichia coli, 15 of the 17 substances displayed an activity toward bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, candida albicans, saccharomyces cerevisiae and streptomyces aureofaciens. relationships between the substance type and biological activity are discussed. | 1976 | 814068 |
| role of atp-glucokinase and polyphosphate glucokinase in streptomyces aureofaciens. | the activity of atp-glucokinase and of polyphosphate glucokinase was examined during growth of the actinomycete streptomyces aureofaciens 8425 under conditions of intense chlortetracycline (ctc) synthesis. atp-glucokinase was active in the strain only during the logarithmic phase of culture growth; the activity of polyphosphate glucokinase appears only at the end of the logarithmic phase of growth and rises in parallel with the rate of ctc biosynthesis in the stationary phase. during the rise of ... | 1976 | 820617 |
| ultrastructural studies of sporulation in streptomyces. | this is the first study of sporogenesis in streptomyces carried out on a relatively high number of species (seven) which allows us, using also previously published results, to establish a general picture of this process. in the sporogenesis of streptomyces two basic stages can be considered: the sporulation septum synthesis and the arthrospore maturation. our ultrastructural study of the sporulation septum formation suggests the existance within this genus of three basic types. type i is disting ... | 1976 | 821930 |
| regulation and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. xviii. adenylate level and chlorotetracycline production in streptomyces aureofaciens. | the relationship was studied between the energy metabolism of the actinomycete streptomyces aureofaciens and the biosynthesis of chlorotetracycline by this organism. the energy charge values in a culture of low-production strain were almost identical with those of a production variant but the total sum of adenylates was about 10 times higher. in the stationary growth phase both strains evinced a drop in energy charge values followed by a rise to the original level. an increase in the concentrati ... | 1976 | 825418 |
| microbial transformation of daunomycinone by streptomyces aureofaciens b-96. | daunomycinone, aglycone of the anthracycline antibiotic daunomycin, was transformed by a washed mycelia of streptomyces aureofaciens b-96 in a buffer solution containing sucrose; the obtained product, dihydrodaunomycinone (9-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,7,9,11-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenequinone), was identified by measuring basic physicochemical characteristics (ir, uv and visible spectra, mass spectra and nmr, optical rotation and m.p.). | 1976 | 825496 |
| the use of 13c-nmr. spectroscopy in biosynthetic studies. ii[1]. biosynthesis of narasin, a new polyether ionophore from fermentation of streptomyces aureofaciens [2]. | | 1976 | 828155 |
| polynucleotide phosphorylase from streptomyces aureofaciens: purification and properties. | 1. polynucleotide phosphorylase from a chlortetracycline-producing strain of streptomyces aureofaciens was isolated by polymin p fractionation. using chromatography on deae-cellulose and sephadex g-150 the enzyme, which appears homogeneous in gel chromatography and sedimentation analysis, was purified 2000-fole giving a final yield of 15%. 2. the sedimentation coefficient (s-o 20, w) of the native enzyme in 0.2 m nacl is 9.15 s and its molecular weight is 210 000 plus or minus 15 000. molecular ... | 1975 | 1122294 |
| utilization of the protoplast fusion technique to explore directional altering lincomycin producing microorganism. | interspecific protoplast fusion between streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis (lm gamma, ctc gamma, producing lincomycin) protoplast and streptomyces aureofaciens (lm gamma, ctc gamma, producing chlorotetracycline) protpolast which had been treated with uv radiation 40 min for inactivation was performed with peg 6000, the fusants were obtained by directly selecting from the regeneration plates containing ctc 50 micrograms/ml, the fusion frequency was about 9.05 x 10(-5). from many fusants, ... | 1992 | 1295597 |
| a gene (hur) from streptomyces aureofaciens, conferring resistance to hydroxyurea, is related to genes encoding streptomycin phosphotransferase. | a novel gene (hur) conferring resistance to hydroxyurea (hu) in escherichia coli has been identified in a streptomyces aureofaciens genomic library. the expression of hur in e. coli was under the control of the external plasmid tet promoter. sequence analysis of a minimal fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 340 amino acids with an m(r) of 36,049 and an average hydropathy index of 1.13. the predicted protein product was similar to streptomycin phosphotransferases f ... | 1992 | 1316866 |
| comparison of the performances of stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors. | following a consideration of the prerequisites for reactor comparison and the fundamental differences between stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors, their performances are compared for the production of secondary metabolites: penicillin v by penicillium chrysogenum, cephalosporin c by cephalosporium acremonium, and tetracycline by streptomyces aureofaciens. in stirred tank reactors, cell mass concentrations, volumetric productivities, and specific power inputs are higher than in airlift t ... | 1990 | 1367443 |
| cloning and characterization of an amplified dna sequence in chromosomal dna of streptomyces aureofaciens 2201. | in strain 2201 of streptomyces aureofaciens, a high copy number amplified dna sequence (ads-sa2201) was found and characterized. the amplified sequence in the chromosomal dna of this strain forms a stretch of about 10 kb tandemly repeated 100-500 times. in this strain also, extrachromosomal copies of the repeated unit of the ads-sa2201 were found. in cloning experiments any autonomous replicon was found on ads-sa2201 and it thus can be presumed that the presence of the extrachromosomal copies of ... | 1992 | 1398033 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding a ribonuclease from streptomyces aureofaciens ccm3239. | a ribonuclease-encoding gene (rnasa3) from streptomyces aureofaciens ccm3239 has been isolated and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence shows 77% homology with rnase sa from s. aureofaciens. | 1992 | 1398084 |
| four genes in streptomyces aureofaciens containing a domain characteristic of principal sigma factors. | four genes encoding sigma-factor-like proteins, hrda, hrdb, hrdd, and hrde, were identified in a streptomyces aureofaciens genomic library using an oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe encoding a peptide motif homologous to the core-binding domain in sigma factors. the deduced proteins have m(r) values of 43,363, 57,172, 36,591, and 57,565, respectively, and strongly resemble all known principal sigma factors, including possession of the characteristic 'rpod box'. transcription analysis of the hrd gen ... | 1992 | 1452038 |
| characterization of restriction endonuclease activities in tetracycline producing strains of streptomyces aureofaciens. | | 1992 | 1508727 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of a non-haem bromoperoxidase gene from streptomyces aureofaciens atcc 10762. | a bromoperoxidase gene (bpot), recently cloned from streptomyces aureofaciens tü24, was used as a probe in southern blot hybridization of total dna from s. aureofaciens atcc 10762. a single ssti fragment of 5.4 kb was detected, which was cloned via an enriched gene library into escherichia coli. the functional bromoperoxidase gene was located on a 2.1 kb bamhi-hindiii fragment by subcloning into s. lividans tk64, using the multicopy plasmid pij486. the enzyme was overproduced in s. lividans tk64 ... | 1992 | 1527491 |
| production of multiple forms during purification of streptomyces aureofaciens dna polymerase: a study using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. | a modified method for the detection of dna polymerases in cell extracts and purified enzyme preparations after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gradient cylindrical gels is described. the technique, which is based on direct assay of activity in a reaction mixture during elution of dna polymerases from gel slices, was applied to the pursuit of enzyme forms of streptomyces aureofaciens dna polymerase during purification procedure. in a crude extract of s. aureofaciens mycelium many catalytically ... | 1992 | 1536880 |
| characteristics of nadph-dependent thymidylate synthetase purified from streptomyces aureofaciens. | nadph-dependent thymidylate synthetase from streptomyces aureofaciens has been purified to homogenity by a two-step chromatographic procedure including anion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on methotrexate-sepharose 4b. the enzyme was purified 1025-fold with a 34% yield. basic characteristics of the enzyme were determined: molecular weight of the enzyme subunit (28,000), ph and temperature optimum, effect of cations, dependency on reducing agents, km values for dump, mthf, an ... | 1992 | 1605647 |
| highly transformable mutants of streptomyces aureofaciens containing restriction-modification systems. | streptomyces aureofaciens 13 is a mutant defective in chlortetracycline production. it was chosen as a potentially useful host for gene cloning in investigations of the organization of the biosynthetic genes for the tetracycline antibiotic pathway. from the streptomyces aureofaciens 13 strain, three suitable clones were used for our work. the conditions for optimal formation and efficient transformation of protoplasts with plasmid dnas have been determined. transformation frequencies of about 10 ... | 1991 | 1652638 |
| determination and restrained least-squares refinement of the structures of ribonuclease sa and its complex with 3'-guanylic acid at 1.8 a resolution. | the crystal structures of ribonuclease from streptomyces aureofaciens (rnase sa) and its complex with 3'-guanylic acid (guanosine 3'-monophosphate, 3'-gmp) have been determined by the method of isomorphous replacement. the atomic parameters have been refined by restrained least-squares minimization using data in the resolution range 10.0-1.8 a. all protein atoms and more than 230 water atoms in the two crystal structures have been refined to crystallographic r factors of 0.172 and 0.175 respecti ... | 1991 | 1654932 |
| rna polymerase heterogeneity in streptomyces aureofaciens: characterization by antibody-linked polymerase assay. | using antibody-linked polymerase assay we studied the polypeptide composition of dna-dependent rna polymerase from streptomyces aureofaciens and immunological cross-reaction with escherichia coli rna polymerase. we identified about 25 'alpa-reactive' polypeptides which are probably involved in the transcriptional apparatus. we demonstrated that beta' and beta subunits from s. aureofaciens and e. coli are immunologically related and sigma70 (e. coli) shows immunochemical similarity with sigma35 ( ... | 1991 | 1783284 |
| purification, characterization and comparison of two non-haem bromoperoxidases from streptomyces aureofaciens atcc 10762. | two non-haem bromoperoxidases (bpo 1 and bpo 2) were purified from the 7-chlorotetracycline-producing strain streptomyces aureofaciens atcc 10762. both enzymes showed azide-insensitive brominating activity, and bromide-dependent peroxidase activity. bpo 1 was a dimer (mr 65,000) with subunits of identical size (mr 31,000). the pi was estimated to be 4.5. the enzyme did not cross-react with antibodies raised against the non-haem bromoperoxidase (mr 90,000) from s. aureofaciens tü24, a strain that ... | 1991 | 1783900 |
| isolation and characterization of glycocalyx in streptomyces aureofaciens. | the surface layer, considered to be glycocalyx according to electron-microscopic observations, was separated from a low-production strain of streptomyces aureofaciens by solubilization with urea and subsequent sonication. the isolation procedure was developed using various agents; neutral phosphatase served as a marker indicating the amount of the material released. the peripheral structure consisted predominantly of glycoprotein and differed from s-layers. | 1991 | 1821871 |
| localization and characterization of a temporally regulated promoter from the streptomyces aureofaciens 2201 plasmid psa 2201. | an rna polymerase-binding 167 bp hinfi fragment from a low-copy streptomyces plasmid psa 2201 has been shown to have promoter activity in vivo using a promoter-probe vector. this promoter (a1) is probably involved in expression of the genes responsible for the production of an antibiotic compound, found to be located on this plasmid. a 2600 nucleotides (nt) long transcript starting from this promoter has been identified by northern hybridization analysis. the transcription start point has been d ... | 1991 | 1840494 |
| characterization of an asporogenous mutant of streptomyces aureofaciens with increased resistance to several aminoglycoside antibiotics. | an asporogenous spontaneous mutant of streptomyces aureofaciens named asr1 was selected on streptomycin gradient plates. the mutant is very stable and differs in ultrastructure and morphology, it is prototrophic but it lost the ability to grow well on soybean extract medium and produces one-tenth tetracyclines of the parent. the asr1 mutant has a 3-4-fold increased resistance to streptomycin and is cross-resistant to other aminoglycosides. comparison of the protein profiles from both strains on ... | 1991 | 1841849 |
| alizarin glucosyl transferase activity in streptomyces aureofaciens mutants. | alizarin glucosyl transferase activity was found in five mutant strains of streptomyces aureofaciens. the activity bears no direct relationship to the final products of tetracycline biosynthesis. | 1991 | 1841867 |
| metabolic products of microorganisms. 258. enzymatic bromination of nikkomycin z. | two brominated nikkomycins were produced by enzymatic halogenation of nikkomycin z in the presence of a nonheme bromoperoxidase isolated from streptomyces aureofaciens tü 24. the monobrominated and dibrominated nikkomycin z derivatives were substituted at the hydroxypyridyl moiety of the n-terminal amino acid of nikkomycin z at position c-6"' (zbr) or c-4"' and c-6"' (zbr2). the brominated nikkomycin z derivatives had a decreased affinity to chitin synthase of coprinus cinereus as compared to ni ... | 1991 | 1906452 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray data of bromoperoxidase from streptomyces aureofaciens atcc 10762. | bromoperoxidase from streptomyces aureofaciens atcc 10762, a non-haem haloperoxidase, has been crystallized using the hanging drop method. preliminary x-ray diffraction studies show that the crystals belong to the cubic space group p2(1)3 with a = 123.4 a. the asymmetric unit contains a dimer of mr = 60,200. the crystals diffract to at least 2.3 a resolution and are suitable for crystallographic structure analysis. | 1991 | 1920414 |
| [determinants of resistance to chlortetracycline and other antibiotics in chlortetracycline-producing strain of streptomyces aureofaciens]. | data are presented on resistance of streptomyces aureofaciens strain tb-633 fu--the producer of chlortetracycline (ctc) to autogenous antibiotics and a number of other antibiotics. it is demonstrated that resistance to ctc is specified by ctr genes of constitutive expression as well as by inducible genes. ctc and ethidium bromide may serve as efficient inductors of inducible ctr genes. the induction process is accompanied by increase in antibiotic biosynthesis level. genes responsible for strain ... | 1990 | 2115485 |
| [enzymatic hydrolysis of mycelial waste from the production of tetracycline]. | the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of the mycelial waste from the manufacture of tetracycline with using streptomyces aureofaciens was studied. for the enzymatic hydrolysis, neutral and alkaline proteinases were used. it was shown that alkaline proteinase (protosubtilin g10x) provided the most efficient hydrolysis. optimal conditions for the hydrolysis were determined: a temperature of 42 degrees c, hydrolysis time of 4 to 6 hours and enzyme concentrations of 1.25 to 2.20 mg/ml at a mycecial wa ... | 1990 | 2116779 |
| modification methylase m.sau3239i from streptomyces aureofaciens 3239. | by chromatography on phosphocellulose and heparin-sepharose the modification methylase m.sau3239i was detected and partly purified from cells of streptomyces aureofaciens 3239. methylation by this enzyme protects dna from cleavage by the restriction endonuclease r.sau3239i. the enzyme catalyzes methylation of adenine to n-6-methyladenine in the 5'-ctcgmag-3' recognition sequence. | 1990 | 2121528 |
| [development of the system for protoplast generation in streptomyces aureofaciens strains--chlortetracycline producers]. | conditions for preparation and regeneration of protoplasts in a commercial strain of the culture producing chlortetracycline and its derivatives were determined. the protoplasting level depended on the conditions of the mycelium cultivation and composition of a regeneration medium. under the optimal conditions it amounted up to 10(6) protoplasts/ml. a mutant able to form regenerating protoplasts at a rate of 10(9) protoplasts/ml was isolated. an autoinhibition effect in regenerating protoplasts ... | 1990 | 2127666 |
| [molecular cloning of chlortetracycline resistance gene from chlortetracycline producer streptomyces aureofaciens]. | the chlortetracycline (ct) resistance gene ctr was cloned from s. aureofaciens 633, a strain producing the antibiotic. the 6.6-kb dna bam hi fragment containing the resistance gene was cloned with the plasmid vector pij699. comparison of the restriction maps of the cloned gene and the oxytetracycline (ot) resistance gene otra from s. rimosus revealed their similarity which enabled identification of the cloned resistance gene as otra. investigation of the resistance determinants in s. aureofacien ... | 1990 | 2127667 |
| the streptomyces aureofaciens plasmid pimb r8 and its use for shuttle vector construction. | the cryptic low copy plasmid designated as pimb r8 was isolated from an industrial strain of the chlortetracycline producer streptomyces aureofaciens r8/26. using restriction endonucleases the pimb r8 plasmid was characterized to have 15 kb. subcloning of the bam hi fragments of pimb r8 into replication probe vector resulted in the identification of the replication part. the 0.7 kb bc/i--bg/i fragment is sufficient for normal replication, but produces about fourty times high plasmid copy numbers ... | 1990 | 2128639 |
| sshai restriction endonuclease from salmonella shikmonah. | a new type ii restriction endonuclease, sshai, was purified from salmonella shikmonah tk139 of kangaroo origin. the recognition and cleavage specificity of ssh ai was determined to be 5'-cc/tnagg-3', identical to that of saui from streptomyces aureofaciens and bsu36i from bacillus subtilis. based on closely related and in part overlapping recognition specificities of ssh ai and other restriction endonucleases, a close evolutionary relationship is proposed for all known salmonella restriction end ... | 1990 | 2323540 |
| a further characterization of alanine dehydrogenase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | homogeneous alanine dehydrogenase isolated from streptomyces aureofaciens, a producer of tetracycline, was characterized from the point of its molecular and catalytic properties. using analytical ultracentrifugation the molecular weight of alanine dehydrogenase was found to be 198,000. the enzyme could use as cofactors apart from nad+ also 1,n6-etheno-nad+, 3-acetylpyridine-nad+, deamino-nad+ and nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide. the enzyme activity in the direction of oxidative deamination was ... | 1989 | 2501471 |
| content, distribution and stability of protein-synthesis elongation factor tu in subcellular fractions of vegetative cells and spores of streptomyces aureofaciens. | the protein synthesis elongation factor tu (ef-tu) was identified in dormant spores of streptomyces aureofaciens and its content and distribution in vegetative cells and dormant spores were determined. cell-free homogenates from spores were found to contain a ef-tu cleaving membrane bound protease. the protease cleaved aggregated ef-tu much less efficiently than non-aggregated factor in cell homogenates. the relative content of ef-tu and ribosomes in dormant spores was very similar to that found ... | 1989 | 2515096 |
| isolation and structure elucidation of an alpha-amylase inhibitor, ai-3688, from streptomyces aureofaciens. | a novel polypeptide inhibitor, ai-3688, which acts upon human pancreatic alpha-amylase, was isolated from fermentation broth of streptomyces aureofaciens. the purified peptide contains no unusual amino acids. its mr is 3936. the primary structure of ai-3688 was elucidated by automatic edman degradation of the native or modified inhibitor. two intramolecular cysteines form a disulphide bridge, thus creating a ring structure consisting of 17 amino acids. strong sequence homology also exists to ano ... | 1985 | 2581812 |
| a direct-injection reversed-phase liquid chromatographic micromethod for studying the kinetics of terminal reactions of tetracycline biosynthesis. | a new micromethod for measuring enzyme-catalyzed reactions was developed. the method involves a number of consecutive direct injections of aliquots of the reaction mixture onto a microbore column and permits the determination of the time dependence of the decrease of substrate or increase of product concentrations. the reactions proceed in a microvial placed in the autosampler, and as the starting volume can be as low as 10 microliters, the requirement for the amount of enzyme is very low. the a ... | 1989 | 2817372 |
| subcellular localization of enzymes in streptomyces aureofaciens and its alteration by benzyl thiocyanate. i. phosphatases and atp-glucokinase. | mycelia of a low- and a high-production strain of streptomyces aureofaciens were converted into protoplasts and divided into five subcellular fractions in order to localize exopolyphosphatases (ec 3.6.1.11), triphosphatase (ec 3.6.1.25), inorganic diphosphatase (ec 3.6.1.1), apyrase (ec 3.6.1.5) and glucokinase (ec 2.7.1.2). the highest specific activity of enzymes hydrolyzing polyphosphates was found in cytoplasmic vesicles and membranes. triphosphatase was detected in the periplasmic fraction. ... | 1987 | 2826319 |
| biosynthesis of chlortetracycline. part ii--metabolism of acetoacetate by streptomyces aureofaciens and its relation to the biosynthesis of chlortetracycline. | | 1985 | 2872190 |
| inhibition of bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerases and restriction endonuclease by uv-absorbing components from propolis. | several uv-absorbing substances inhibiting the dna-dependent rna polymerases of escherichia coli and streptomyces aureofaciens, as well as the restriction endonuclease eco ri have been isolated from the water-soluble extract of propolis by two-dimensional paper chromatography. the inhibition of bacterial rna-polymerases by the components of propolis was probably due to the loss of their ability to bind to dna. the general characteristic of the uv-absorbing component of propolis with the most pro ... | 1986 | 3014571 |
| chorismate mutase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | | 1987 | 3037265 |
| cloning, expression in escherichia coli and nucleotide sequence of a tetracycline-resistance gene from streptomyces rimosus. | determinants of tetracycline resistance have been cloned from two different tetracycline-producing industrial strains of streptomyces into streptomyces lividans using the plasmid vector put206. three plasmids, put250 and put260 with a 9.5 and a 7.5 kb insert respectively of streptomyces rimosus dna, and put270 with a 14.0 kb insert of streptomyces aureofaciens dna, conferring resistance to tetracycline, have been isolated. by in vitro sub-cloning, a similar fragment of 2.45 kb containing the tet ... | 1988 | 3053973 |
| molecular and functional properties of protein ss1 from small ribosomal subunits of streptomyces aureofaciens. | small ribosomal subunits of gram-positive cells of streptomyces aureofaciens contain an acidic protein designated ss1. purified protein ss1 has the same mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel as ribosomal protein s1 of escherichia coli (apparent mr 68 000). protein ss1 was dissected under mild conditions with trypsin and generated fragments were compared with well-characterized fragments of protein s1. the protein ss1 contains a structure homologous with the c-terminal fragment of ... | 1986 | 3082627 |
| preparation and sequencing of the cloacin fragment of streptomyces aureofaciens 16s rna. | a fast method for isolation of a 3'-terminal fragment of streptomyces aureofaciens 16s rna was developed. the procedure involves reaction of 70s ribosomes with cloacin df13 and subsequent fractionation of the reaction mixture by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the cloacin fragment was eluted from the gel and used directly for 3'-end labeling with cytidine-3',5'-[5'-32p]bisphosphate. the labeled rna fragment was sequenced by the enzymatic method. it consists of 50 nucleotides and has the sequ ... | 1986 | 3087362 |
| inhibition studies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from tetracycline-producing streptomyces aureofaciens. | nad-linked activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from both low-producing and high-producing strains of streptomyces aureofaciens was inhibited by atp, adp, amp and pi. the inhibition constants indicate that adp was the most potent inhibitor. the nadp-linked activity remained unaffected even at relatively high concentrations of these inhibitors. all inhibitions of the nad-linked activity were competitive with respect to nad and noncompetitive with respect to glucose-6-phosphate. the resul ... | 1986 | 3094556 |
| the number and role of histidine residues in the active site of guanyloribonuclease sa. | the number and role of histidine residues in the active site of extracellular guanyloribonuclease sa produced by streptomyces aureofaciens (rnaase sa) were studied via chemical modification by ethoxyformic anhydride by means of circular dichroism measurements. it was shown that only one of two histidines of rnaase sa is situated in the active site of the enzyme. ethoxyformylation of rnaase sa in the presence of guo-3'-p, guo-5'-p and dguo-5-p, all of them being competitive inhibitors of the enzy ... | 1986 | 3095178 |
| biogenesis of some antibiotics in the presence of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. | 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (cepa) affected both the growth of and antibiotic production in streptomyces aureofaciens, s. griseus, s. antibioticus, and penicillium citrinum. streptomyces strains seemed to be more sensitive to the presence of cepa in the medium than did the fungus. a decrease in both growth and antibiotic production was observed with a concomitant increase in the concentration of the ethylene-releasing compound in the medium. higher concentrations of cepa completely inhibited th ... | 1986 | 3096201 |
| use of carbon-13 in biosynthetic studies: origin of the malonyl coenzyme a incorporated into tetracycline by streptomyces aureofaciens. | the proton noise decoupled 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of tetracycline hydrochloride prepared from streptomyces aureofaciens cultures supplemented with [1-13c]acetate and [2-13c]acetate showed enrichment of nine alternating ring carbons. in addition, a small enrichment of the carboxamide carbon by [1-13c]acetate was observed. the labelling patterns clearly demonstrated the polyketide origin of the tetracyclic nucleus. the 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of tetracycline hydroc ... | 1986 | 3096928 |
| amino acid sequence determination of guanyl-specific ribonuclease sa from streptomyces aureofaciens. | using automated edman degradation of two nonfractionated peptide mixtures of tryptic and staphylococcal protease digests of the protein, the complete amino acid sequence of the guanyl-specific ribonuclease sa from streptomyces aureofaciens was established. ribonuclease sa contains 96 amino acid residues (mr 10,566). a 50% sequence homology of ribonuclease sa to the guanyl-specific ribonuclease st from s. erythreus was found. | 1986 | 3098582 |
| dna-dependent rna polymerase from the chlorotetracycline producing strain of streptomyces aureofaciens. | rna polymerase from streptomyces aureofaciens has been purified by polyethyleneimine precipitation followed by chromatography first on deae-cellulose, then heparin-sepharose and finally on an aminooxybutylcellulose matrix containing immobilised s. aureofaciens dna. the enzyme is composed of three subunits of approximately 145, 136 and 44 kda that are in a ratio of approx. 1:1:2. in many isolations two additional subunits of approximately 68 and 39 kda and some minor protein bands of approximatel ... | 1987 | 3109946 |
| biosynthesis of chlortetracycline. part iii--hydroxylation of l-phenylalanine to l-tyrosine by streptomyces aureofaciens and its relation to the biosynthesis of chlortetracycline. | | 1986 | 3110112 |
| [extracellular guanyl-specific ribonuclease sa from the actinomycete streptomyces aureofaciens. primary structure and homology with ribonucleases from bacteria and fungi]. | the complete amino acid sequence of a guanyl-specific rnase from streptomyces aureofaciens has been established using a rapid method of primary structure analysis which eliminates the peptide fractionation. the automated edman degradation of the carboxymethylated rnase sa and of non-fractionated peptide mixtures produced by tryptic and staphylococcal protease digests of the modified protein were used. the rnase contains 96 amino acid residues, mr 10,566. the secondary structures of rnase sa and ... | 1987 | 3118883 |
| purification and properties of a nonheme bromoperoxidase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | the first bacterial nonheme type bromoperoxidase has been purified to homogeneity from the chlorotetracycline-producing actinomycete streptomyces aureofaciens tü 24. purification was accomplished by (nh4)2so4 precipitation, deae-cellulose chromatography at different ph-values, and molecular sieve chromatography. the purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 90 to 95 kda based on ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. the enzyme is composed of three subunits of identical molecular mass (m = 31 kda ... | 1987 | 3118902 |
| subcellular localization of enzymes in streptomyces aureofaciens and its alteration by benzyl thiocyanate. ii. anhydrotetracycline oxygenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. | the localization of anhydrotetracycline oxygenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) was studied by determining the enzyme activities in subcellular fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of the mycelia of streptomyces aureofaciens after lysozyme treatment. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was a typical cytoplasmic enzyme both in the low- and high-production strain. anhydrotetracycline oxygenase was found in the membrane fraction of the low-production strain. in the ... | 1987 | 3121478 |
| purification and some characteristics of a non-haem bromoperoxidase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | a bromoperoxidase was isolated from the chlortetracycline-producing actinomycete, streptomyces aureofaciens. this enzyme catalysed bromination and iodination, but surprisingly did not catalyse chlorination. the enzyme had an acidic ph optimum (ph 4.3) and the isoelectric point was 3.5. the km for bromide was 20 mm and the km for h2o2 was as high as 8 mm. the bromoperoxidase did not contain haem, since it was not inhibited by azide or cyanide. excess bromide or chloride had no effect on its bromi ... | 1988 | 3122838 |
| molecular properties of elongation factor tu from streptomyces aureofaciens and escherichia coli. | some molecular properties of the elongation factor tu of protein synthesis purified in an aggregated state from gram-positive streptomyces aureofaciens were studied and compared with those of tu from gram-negative escherichia coli. electrofocussing under reducing conditions showed that the molecule of ef-tu from s. aureofaciens has an isoelectric point shifted more to the acidic side compared with ef-tu from e. coli. a comparison of amino acid composition revealed minor differences in the conten ... | 1988 | 3131217 |
| partial purification and characterization of anhydrotetracycline oxygenase of streptomyces aureofaciens. | anhydrotetracycline oxygenase was purified both by affinity chromatography and by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. molecular weight of anhydrotetracycline oxygenase was determined to be 115,000 by sephadex g-200 gel filtration. using preparative isoelectric focusing the isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to be 5.3. the enzyme showed a sensitivity to thiol-specific inhibitors. during the hydrophobic interaction purification step, the activity dropped considerably. reactivation o ... | 1987 | 3136241 |
| isolation of pure anhydrotetracycline oxygenase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | anhydrotetracycline oxygenase was purified to homogeneity from streptomyces aureofaciens, a producer of tetracycline. the enzyme was purified 60-fold in a 40% yield by a two-step procedure using a combination of hydrophobic chromatography and ion-exchange h.p.l.c. purified anhydrotetracycline oxygenase was homogeneous according to sds/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, ion-exchange h.p.l.c. on a mono q hr 5/5 column and size-exclusion h.p.l.c. on a tsk g 3000 sw column. th ... | 1988 | 3138982 |
| glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from a tetracycline producing strain of streptomyces aureofaciens: some properties and regulatory aspects of the enzyme. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from streptomyces aureofaciens exhibited activity with both nad and nadp, the maximum reaction rate being 1.6 times higher for nad-linked activity than for the nadp-linked one. the km values for nad-linked activity were 2.5 mm for glucose-6-phosphate and 0.27 mm for nad, and for nadp-linked activity 0.8 mm for glucose-6-phosphate and 0.08 mm for nadp. nad- and nadp-linked activities were inhibited by both nadh and nadph. (2'-phospho-)adenosinediphospho-ribose in ... | 1988 | 3142475 |
| molecular cloning and high-level expression of a bromoperoxidase gene from streptomyces aureofaciens tü24. | a bromoperoxidase gene was cloned from streptomyces aureofaciens tü24 into streptomyces lividans tk64 by using the promoter-probe vector pij486. subcloning of dna from the original, unstable clone allowed the gene to be localized to a 1.7-kilobase (kb) fragment of dna. southern blotting showed that the cloned 1.7-kb insert hybridized to a 4.3-kb fragment in an ssti digest of s. aureofaciens tü24 total dna. the 1.7-kb insert was shown to code for a protein with the electrophoretic properties of t ... | 1988 | 3142859 |
| purification and partial characterization of multiple bromoperoxidases from streptomyces griseus. | the presence of multiple bromoperoxidases in extracts of streptomyces griseus tü 6 was detected. the enzyme pattern varied with the age of the culture. a haem-type bromoperoxidase (bpo 2) was always present. additionally three nonhaem-type bromoperoxidases (bpo 1a, 1b and 3) were detected and purified to homogeneity. the mr of non-denatured bpo 1a was 70,000 +/- 10,000 and those of bpo 1b and 3 were 90,000 +/- 5000. bpo 1a and 1b were dimers with subunit mr values of 34,000 and 43,000, respectiv ... | 1988 | 3151989 |
| isolation and characterization of valine dehydrogenase from streptomyces aureofaciens. | valine dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from the crude extracts of streptomyces aureofaciens. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 116,000 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation and 118,000 by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. the enzyme was composed of four subunits with molecular weights of 29,000. the isoelectric point was 5.1. the enzyme required nad+ as a cofactor, which could not be replaced by nadp+. sulfhydryl reagents inhibited the enzyme activity. the ... | 1988 | 3182727 |
| biosynthesis of epsilon-rhodomycinone from glucose by streptomyces c5 and comparison with intermediary metabolism of other polyketide-producing streptomycetes. | the catabolism of glucose by streptomyces c5, a producer of anthracycline antibiotics, was investigated to determine the pathways that supply precursors for anthracycline biosynthesis. carbons for the biosynthesis of epsilon-rhodomycinone, an anthracycline aglycone, from radiolabelled glucose were derived primarily from the embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway, with a minor contribution from the pentose phosphate pathway. furthermore, the anthracycline-producing strain, streptomyces c5, as well as str ... | 1988 | 3208200 |
| anticoccidial efficacy of narasin in battery cage trials. | narasin is a polyether monocarboxylic acid antibiotic produced by streptomyces aureofaciens. an extensive series of battery cage trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of narasin against recent field isolates of the pathogenic species of chicken coccidia. statistical analyses of the results of these studies revealed that each successive increase in the concentration of narasin produced a significant reduction in the severity of cecal and intestinal lesions when compared with those in infe ... | 1988 | 3222191 |
| dynamic of antibiotic accumulation by streptomyces aureofaciens in a laboratory fermentor. | in a laboratory fermentor, the growth of streptomyces aureofaciens on corn meal extract and its production of antibiotic was investigated. weak biosynthesis of the antibiotic started after 12 hours of incubation, when phosphorus depletion in the medium occurred. during the third and fourth day of fermentation about 80.4% of the antibiotic was produced. the relationship between growth, antibiotic formation, and the uptake of both sugar and nitrogen was also studied. a chromatogram, showing the ty ... | 1985 | 3931385 |
| purification and identification of streptomyces aureofaciens ld13 antibiotic. | complete extraction of s. aureofaciens ld13 antibiotic was achieved by adding n-butanol to the clarified culture filtrate (v/2v) at ph 8.0. using the column chromatography technique, 85.7% of the initial amount of the antibiotic was obtained in a purified form. data of the rf values of the antibiotic in different organic solvents revealed that it belongs to the tetracycline group. the antibiotic was chromatographically analyzed, using the thin-layer technique. uv and ir spectra, optical rotation ... | 1985 | 3931386 |
| characterization of ribosomes of a strain of streptomyces aureofaciens producing chlortetracycline. | | 1971 | 4100551 |
| chorismate mutase from streptomyces aureofaciens: a heat-stable enzyme. | chorismate mutase from streptomyces aureofaciens was purified 12-fold. this enzyme preparation did not show any activity when tested for anthranilate synthetase, prephenate dehydrogenase, or prephenate dehydratase. the catalytic activity of chorismate mutase has a broad optimum between ph 7 and 8. the initial velocity data followed regular michaelis-menten kinetics with a k(m) of 5.3 x 10(-4) m, and the molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation to be 50,000 ... | 1973 | 4196250 |
| regulation of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. xv. isolation and characterization of auxotrophic mutants in streptomyces aureofaciens. | | 1973 | 4204496 |
| inhibition of chlorination in streptomyces aureofaciens by nitriles and related compounds. | a number of nitriles and cyano compounds inhibited chlorination by streptomyces aureofaciens. in most cases, this inhibition was enhanced by bromide. methylene blue and p-amino-propiophenone reversed the inhibition to some extent. | 1973 | 4208277 |
| chorismate mutase from streptomyces. purification, properties, and subunit structure of the enzyme from streptomyces aureofaciens tü 24. | | 1974 | 4211872 |
| [formation of an oxoethyl-branched sugar from thymidine diphospho-d-glucose and pyruvate with a cell free system from streptomyces aureofaciens (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4277839 |
| [changes in the ultrastructure of streptomyces aureofaciens mycelium in the course of biosynthesis of tetracycline]. | | 1972 | 4628513 |
| ultrastructure of the mycelium of streptomyces aureofaciens in the course of biosynthesis of tetracycline. | | 1972 | 4628920 |
| electron microscopy of surface of two strains of streptomyces aureofaciens during tetracycline biosynthesis. | | 1970 | 4924654 |
| the ultrastructure of the mycelium of streptomyces aureofaciens in the course of biosynthesis of tetracycline. | | 1971 | 4930264 |
| [chemical and immunologic relationships in the actinomycetales. 3. changes in the antigenic constitution of a strain of streptomyces aureofaciens after mutation]. | | 1968 | 4969355 |
| 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase of streptomyces aureofaciens tü 24. i. partial purification and properties. | | 1971 | 5003718 |
| 3-d-eoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase of streptomyces aureofaciens tü 24. ii. repression and inhibition by tryptophan and tryptophan analogues. | | 1971 | 5003719 |
| fine structure of streptomyces aureofaciens producing tetracycline. | | 1971 | 5004103 |
| the antifungal antibiotic (aye) produced by streptomyces aureofaciens. | | 1971 | 5004582 |