| glutamate-induced uptake of proline by streptomyces antibioticus. | streptomyces antibioticus possesses an energy-dependent, carrier mediated transport system for the uptake of l-glutamate and l-proline. amino acid transport was found to have a temperature optimum of 35 degrees c and a ph optimum from 7.0 to 8.0 for glutamate and 6.5 to 7.5 for proline uptake. uptake did not depend upon mg2+, ca2+, zn2+, na+, or fe2+ ions. reversible p-hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibition of uptake indicated the involvement of an active sulfhydryl group. l-glutamate uptake was medi ... | 1978 | 26658 |
| deodorization of pig feces by actinomycetes. | peg feces, a malodorous substance causing environmental pollution, were completely deodorized within 2 days by streptomyces. the optimum conditions for deodorization were as follows: ph, 8.6 to 10; temperature, 35 to 40 degrees c; moisture content, 42 to 63%; and minimum amount of inoculum, 2 g of seed culture per 10 g of fresh feces. many kinds of microorganisms were isolated from the deodorized feces, of which only actinomycetes were found to have the ability to deodorize. two strains with str ... | 1978 | 31838 |
| macromolecular synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus: in vitro systems for aminoacylation and translation from young and old cells. | in vitro systems for the aminoacylation of transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) and for polypeptide synthesis have been constructed from young (12-h cultures, not producing actinomycin) and old (48-h cultures, producing actinomycin) cells of streptomyces antibioticus. when escherichia coli aminoacyl-trna synthetases were used to acylate s. antibioticus trna's, it was observed that, per absorbance unit of trna, the trna's from 48-h cells had a lower ability to accept the amino acids, leucine, serine, ... | 1975 | 51847 |
| production, isolation, and properties of azetomycins. | streptomyces antibioticus synthesizes five actinomycins that differ in the "proline site" of the molecule. when cultured in the presence of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (azc), antibiotic synthesis was stimulated 40 to 50%, synthesis of actinomycin iv was inhibited, and one or both prolines were replaced by azc. azc incorporation could not be reversed by concomitant supplementation with proline or sarcosine, and only pipecolic acid affected a minor reversal of azc incorporation. azc-containing act ... | 1976 | 57738 |
| rna synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus: in vitro effects of actinomycin and transcriptional inhibitors from 48-h cells. | two forms of dna-dependent rna polymerase have been partially purified (about 100-fold relative to the crude extract) from 48-h old cells of streptomyces antibioticus. the two forms show different mg2+ optima for the incorporation of [3h]ump into rna. substances inhibiting transcription have been isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation from one of the fractions produced during the polymerase purification. actinomycin can be shown to inhibit rna synthesis catalyzed by the s. antibioticus polym ... | 1976 | 60128 |
| relationship between changes in the translational apparatus and actinomycin production in streptomyces antibioticus. | as previously reported (g. h. jones, 1975), transfer ribonucleic acids (trna's) and ribosomes from actinomycin-producing cultures of streptomyces antibioticus show a decreased ability to function in aminoacylation and translation as compared with the corresponding components from younger cells. further, specific changes in the isoacceptor patterns are revealed when trna's from actinomycin-producing cells are compared with those of younger cells by reverse- phase column chromatography. a specific ... | 1977 | 63458 |
| studies of the biosynthesis of actinomycin in protoplasts from streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1977 | 72521 |
| the possible involvement of a plasmid(s) in actinomycin synthesis by streptomyces parvulus and streptomyces antibioticus. | the treatment of streptomyces parvulus and streptomyces antibioticus with acriflavine or novobiocin resulted in the loss of ability to produce actinomycin. the concomitant loss of ability to form aerial mycelium and the incidence of auxotrophic progeny (s. parvulus) were both low relative to the loss of the antibiotic-producing property. protoplast fusion induced by polyethylene glycol 4000, using suitable auxotrophic strains of s. parvulus, resulted in high recombination frequencies to prototro ... | 1978 | 82552 |
| sensitivity of transcription by purified streptomyces antibioticus rna polymerase to actinomycin. | | 1978 | 83142 |
| purification of rna polymerase from actinomycin producing and nonproducing cells of streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1979 | 92215 |
| fine structure, physiology and biochemistry of arthrospore germination in streptomyces antibioticus. | during germination, streptomyces antibioticus arthrospores passed through stages: darkening, swelling and germ tube emergence. the first stage, darkening, whose main features were a decrease in absorbance and a loss of refractility, only required exogenous divalent cations (ca2+, mg2+ or fe2+) and energy that can be obtained from the spore reserves. this stage was blocked by agents that inhibit atp formation but not by antibiotics that inhibit macromolecular synthesis. the second stage, swelling ... | 1978 | 347027 |
| isolation and characterization of antibiotic x-14547a, a novel monocarboxylic acid ionophore produced by streptomyces antibioticus nrrl 8167. | a novel carboxylic acid ionophore, antibiotic x-14547a, closely related to the polyether antibiotics has been isolated along with four other metabolites from fermented cultures of a new strain of streptomyces antibioticus. the structure, determined by x-ray analysis of the r(+)-1-amino-1-(4-bromophenyl)-ethane salt contained pyrrole carbonyl and trans-butadienyl chromophores in addition to the unusual tetrahydroindane bicyclic ring system. a second novel metabolite was identified as 3-ethyl-1,3- ... | 1979 | 374323 |
| x-14547a, a new ionophorous antibiotic produced by streptomyces antibioticus nrrl 8167. discovery, fermentation, biological properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. | x-14547a is a novel antibiotic produced by a new strain of streptomyces antibioticus (nrrl 8167). the antibiotic is active in vitro against gram-positive bacteria and is capable of complexing and transporting divalent as well as monovalent metal cations. | 1979 | 374324 |
| on the structure of the teichoic acid from the cell wall of streptomyces antibioticus 39. localization of the phosphodiester linkages and elucidation of the monomeric units structure by means of 13c-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. | the cell walls of streptomyces antibioticus 39 contain a glycosylated poly(glycerol phosphate), in which the repeating monomeric unit is o-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1--3)-o-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1--1)-glycerol monophosphate. the localization of the phosphodiester linkages between hydroxyl groups at positions 2 and 3 of the adjacent glycerol residues and the structure of the glycoside were established by 13c nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. the spectral data are als ... | 1979 | 393509 |
| high-frequency fusion of streptomyces parvulus or streptomyces antibioticus protoplasts induced by polyethylene glycol. | conditions were established for the regeneration of protoplasts of streptomyces parvulus and streptomyces antibioticus to the mycelial form. regeneration was accomplished with a hypertonic medium that contained sucrose, cacl2, mgcl2, and low levels of phosphate. high-frequency fusion of protoplasts derived from auxotrophic strains of s. parvulus or s. antibioticus was induced by polyethylene glycol 4,000 (42%, wt/vol). the frequency of genetic transfer by the fusogenic procedure varied with the ... | 1979 | 479112 |
| biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic chlorothricin: basic building blocks. | the biosynthesis of chlorothricin (i), a macrolide antibiotic isolated from streptomyces antibioticus tü 99, has been studied by feeding experiments with 14c- and 3h-labeled precursors. acetate and propionate, but not methionine and mevalonate, were incorporated into the macrocylic aglycone of the antibiotic. glucose and the various carbon atoms of tyrosine, except the carboxyl carbon, also contributed label to the aglycone. glucose also seems to be a specific precursor of the 2-deoxyrhamnose mo ... | 1978 | 620008 |
| a new semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic 3-o-oleandrosyl-5-o-desosaminylerythronolide a oxime. | a new antibiotic, 3-o-oleandrosyl-5-o-desosaminylerythronolide a oxime (3) was produced from erythronolide a oxime (1) by the oleandomycin-producing culture, streptomyces antibioticus atcc 11891. the structure of 3 was determined by degradative studies and confirmed by x-ray analysis. compound 3 was found to be less active, but more stable to acid, then erythromycin a oxime. | 1976 | 783104 |
| inhibitory effect of streptomyces antibioticus and other microorganisms on rhizobium. | | 1976 | 789197 |
| ultrastructural studies of sporulation in streptomyces. | this is the first study of sporogenesis in streptomyces carried out on a relatively high number of species (seven) which allows us, using also previously published results, to establish a general picture of this process. in the sporogenesis of streptomyces two basic stages can be considered: the sporulation septum synthesis and the arthrospore maturation. our ultrastructural study of the sporulation septum formation suggests the existance within this genus of three basic types. type i is disting ... | 1976 | 821930 |
| ribonucleic acid synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus: stable ribonucleic acid species synthesized by young and old cells. | | 1975 | 1125033 |
| changes in ribosomal proteins during colony development in streptomyces. | the structure and functionality of the ribosomal subunits of the substrate and the aerial mycelium of streptomyces antibioticus were compared. using sds-page and hplc, several differences between the ribosomal protein pattern from both stages of development were observed, including a clear decrease in the l7/l12 content of the aerial mycelium. the activity of the aerial mycelia ribosomes was also decreased when compared with that of the substrate mycelium. this effect was more pronounced in the ... | 1992 | 1288844 |
| discovery and characterization of a new transposable element, tn4811, in streptomyces lividans 66. | transposition of a new 5.4-kb transposon, tn4811, of streptomyces lividans to the melc operon of streptomyces antibioticus on plasmid pij702 was discovered. the nucleotide sequence of this copy of tn4811, which contained an imperfect (9 of 11 bp) terminal inverted repeat, five putative streptomyces coding sequences for an oxidoreductase and its transcription regulator, and three transposition-related proteins, was determined. slp- strains of s. lividans contained one copy (a) of tn4811, while sl ... | 1992 | 1332944 |
| melanin production in escherichia coli from a cloned tyrosinase gene. | we have cloned and functionally expressed a tyrosinase gene from streptomyces antibioticus in escherichia coli under the control of an inducible bacteriophage t7 promoter. recombinant e. coli cells containing the induced tyrosinase gene produced melanin pigments on agar plates and in liquid culture when supplemented with copper and tyrosine. the expression of an additional open reading frame from the mel gene locus of s. antibioticus was required for high-level melanin production in e. coli. our ... | 1990 | 1367455 |
| promoter constructions for efficient secretion expression in streptomyces lividans. | promoters from different streptomyces genes were cloned in front of the tendamistat gene from s. tendae, in order to study secretion-expression in s. lividans using a pij702 plasmid vector system. besides the promoters we cloned a transcriptional terminator downstream of the tendamistat gene to improve transcription efficiency. the promoters we selected were: (1) a synthetic escherichia coli-like consensus promoter; (2) the aphi promoter of the neomycin resistance gene from s. fradiae; (3) an er ... | 1992 | 1368202 |
| features of regenerated clones with or without fusion treatment between auxotrophic mutants of streptomyces antibioticus and their antibiotic productivity. | during experiments on protoplast fusion of complementary auxotrophic mutants (194 and 11m-21) of streptomyces antibioticus for strain improvement, the clones (typified by f-40) regenerated on minimal regeneration medium (mrm) were found to be prototrophs, and to produce an antibiotic different from those produced by the parent strain. the protoplast regeneration of each parent was examined as a negative control experiment. in the regenerated clones of 194, half of them produced actinomycins simi ... | 1990 | 1370035 |
| copper transfer and activation of the streptomyces apotyrosinase are mediated through a complex formation between apotyrosinase and its trans-activator melc1. | the melanin operon (melc) of streptomyces antibioticus is composed of two genes that encode melc1 and melc2 proteins. melc1 has been suggested as a trans-activator which can facilitate the incorporation of copper into the apotyrosinase (melc2) (lee, y.-h. w., chen, b.-f., wu, s.-y., leu, w.-m., lin, j.-j., chen, c. w., and lo, s. j. (1988) gene (amst.) 65, 71-81). however, the molecular mechanism of the trans-activation or copper-transfer process mediated through melc1 to melc2 is not clear yet. ... | 1992 | 1400328 |
| secretion of the streptomyces tyrosinase is mediated through its trans-activator protein, melc1. | the tyrosinase of streptomyces antibioticus is encoded by the second open reading frame, melc2 of the melanin operon (melc). the upstream open reading frame melc1 specifies a 146-amino acid protein with a typical nh2-terminal signal-peptide characteristic of a secretory protein. the melc1 protein is involved in the transfer of copper ion to apotyrosinase melc2 via binary complex formation (lee, y.-h. w., chen, b.-f., wu, s.-y., leu, w.-m., lin, j.-j., chen, c. w., and lo, s. j. (1988) gene (amst ... | 1992 | 1400329 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the l10 equivalent ribosomal protein gene of streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1992 | 1408837 |
| cloning and sequencing of the cdna encoding tyrosinase of the japanese pond frog, rana nigromaculata. | we cloned and sequenced the cdna encoding tyrosinase (tyn) of the japanese pond frog, rana nigromaculata. the 3511-bp cdna contained a 54-bp 5'-noncoding region, a 1596-bp open reading frame encoding tyn of 532 amino acids (aa), and a 1861-bp 3'-noncoding region. the aa sequence of frog tyn predicted from the cdna sequence was homologous to that of mouse and human tyns. the aa sequence including the copper-binding domain, which is likely the active center of tyn, was highly conserved among these ... | 1992 | 1446833 |
| sporulation of streptomyces antibioticus ethz 7451 in submerged culture. | streptomyces antibioticus ethz 7451 formed spores in cultures grown in a liquid medium from either a spore or a mycelium inoculum. the spores formed were similar to those formed on surface-grown cultures, except for reduced heat resistance. both types of spores were sensitive to lysozyme, which is unusual for streptomyces spores. glucose and other carbon sources, which promoted different growth rates, did not affect sporulation efficiency. nitrogen sources, such as casamino acids, that allowed h ... | 1992 | 1458369 |
| cloning and sequence of a gene encoding the l7/l12 ribosomal protein equivalent of streptomyces antibioticus. | a 50s ribosomal(r) protein from the vegetative mycelium of streptomyces antibioticus, that is absent or modified in the spore 50s r-subunit, was purified by hplc. determination of its n terminus and comparison with amino acid sequence data bases indicated a strong homology with the l7/l12 r-protein from streptomyces griseus. screening of a cosmid library of s. antibioticus chromosomal dna with a 20-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe, corresponding to an internal region of the n terminus, allowed ... | 1992 | 1511874 |
| role of glycosylation and deglycosylation in biosynthesis of and resistance to oleandomycin in the producer organism, streptomyces antibioticus. | cell extracts of streptomyces antibioticus, an oleandomycin producer, can inactivate oleandomycin in the presence of udp-glucose. the inactivation can be detected through the loss of biological activity or by alteration in the chromatographic mobility of the antibiotic. this enzyme activity also inactivates other macrolides (rosaramicin, methymycin, and lankamycin) which contain a free 2'-oh group in a monosaccharide linked to the lactone ring (with the exception of erythromycin), but not those ... | 1992 | 1530845 |
| pleiotropic effects of a relc mutation in streptomyces antibioticus. | ochi (agric. biol. chem. 51:829-835, 1987) has isolated a relaxed mutant of streptomyces antibioticus, designated relc49, relc49 accumulates significantly lower levels of ppgpp than the parent stain, imru3720. at its maximum, the ppgpp level in relc49 was only one-fourth that observed in strain imru3720. interestingly, a burst of ppgpp synthesis between 18 and 22 h of growth in imru3720 coincided with the onset of actinomycin production in that strain. as shown previously, the activity in protei ... | 1991 | 1706704 |
| biological characterization of the lytic cycle of actinophage phi a7 in streptomyces antibioticus. | some basic parameters of the lytic development of phage phi a7 in streptomyces antibioticus are described. one-step growth experiments demonstrated that at 28 degrees c phi a7 has a latent period of about 60 min and an exponential growth period of about 35 min. the average burst size ranged from 70-100 plaque forming units per infected cell. at the same temperature 50% of the virions were adsorbed to germ tubes of s. antibioticus in about 10 min. this corresponds to an adsorption constant of 6.5 ... | 1991 | 1778423 |
| [the interrelation between the formation of oleandomycin and the resistance to it in different strains of streptomyces antibioticus]. | strains, producers of oleandomycin, with different level of antibiotic-formation have been studied for their resistance to their own antibiotic. the obtained highly active strain possesses double resistance to oleandomycin and 50% higher activity. identity of oleandomycin phosphate substances synthesized by initial and produced highly active strains is shown by the helc method. | 1991 | 1791777 |
| [development of integrative vectors for actinomycetes--producers of antibiotics]. | the integrative vectors psu 475 and psu 476 with variable numbers of copies per genome were developed for antibiotic producing actinomycetes. for this, the amplifying sequence aud-sr 1 of streptomyces rimosus and the bamhib fragment of the esa 1 genetic element from streptomyces antibioticus were used. the esa 1 fragment was an element required for integration of a vector to the actinomycete chromosomes since it was homologous with the chromosomal dnas of s. lividans, s. erythraeus and s. antibi ... | 1991 | 1793293 |
| nutritional regulation of differentiation and synthesis of an exocytoplasmic deoxyriboendonuclease in streptomyces antibioticus. | streptomyces antibioticus produces a cell-wall-located deoxyriboendonuclease (dnaase) the synthesis of which in submerged and surface cultures is related to the growth rate. dnaase synthesis always preceded aerial mycelium formation in surface cultures. production of aerial mycelium began at the end of exponential growth or in the early stationary phase; it was absent in cultures grown on nutrient agar/glucose or in media with a high concentration of casein hydrolysate. these nutritional conditi ... | 1991 | 2016585 |
| evaluation of desferrithiocin and its synthetic analogues as orally effective iron chelators. | desferrithiocin, a novel microbial siderophore isolated from cultures of streptomyces antibioticus dsm 1865, and a number of its derivatives and analogues are evaluated for their ability to promote iron clearance. the compounds have been designed with the objective of identifying the structural features of desferrithiocin which render this ligand an orally effective iron chelator. the desferrithiocin aromatic hydroxyl and the thiazoline ring carboxyl group are shown to be central to desferrithio ... | 1991 | 2066978 |
| the melanin operon of streptomyces antibioticus: expression and use as a marker in gram-negative bacteria. | the melc operon of streptomyces antibioticus contains two genes, melc1 and melc2, necessary for the production of melanin pigment. we transferred the coding sequence of melc1 and melc2 to escherichia coli plasmid pmtl23 such that its transcription was under the control of the lac promoter and melc1 was translationally fused to the lacz alpha fragment. e. coli cultures containing this plasmid, pif413, produced melanin after overnight incubation on 2yt agar supplemented with 0.1 mm cucl2, 0.36 mm ... | 1990 | 2107124 |
| [study of the structure of amplifying sequence of streptomyces antibioticus]. | a low productive laboratory strain of s. antibioticus and a strain with an increased productivity of oleandomycin derived from it were studied comparatively with using restriction analysis and blotting hybridization. amplification, site specific integration and segregation of the dna sequence 32.0 kb in size were detected in the strains. the chromosomes of the laboratory strain contained one copy of the amplifying sequence aud. after uniting of the end sequences aud appeared to be capable of seg ... | 1990 | 2169231 |
| transposon vectors containing non-antibiotic resistance selection markers for cloning and stable chromosomal insertion of foreign genes in gram-negative bacteria. | a simple procedure for cloning and stable insertion of foreign genes into the chromosomes of gram-negative eubacteria was developed by combining in two sets of plasmids (i) the transposition features of tn10 and tn5; (ii) the resistances to the herbicide bialaphos, to mercuric salts and organomercurial compounds, and to arsenite, and (iii) the suicide delivery properties of the r6k-based plasmid pgp704. the resulting constructions contained unique noti or sfii sites internal to either the tn10 o ... | 1990 | 2172216 |
| [effect of the producer type on the nature of antibiotic fermentation]. | fermentation processes in production of bacitracin, a polypeptide antibiotic by bacillus licheniformis, and oleandomycin, a macrolide antibiotic by streptomyces antibioticus, were studied comparatively. it was shown that the antibiotic-producing actinomycete was characterized by a prolonged phase of growth retardation. the highest efficiency of the control actions was observed at the beginning of the fermentation. they were aimed at intensifying the substrate usage during the growth phase and ac ... | 1990 | 2200369 |
| biosynthesis of oleandomycin by streptomyces antibioticus: influence of nutritional conditions and development of resistance. | the influence of different nutritional compounds on oleandomycin biosynthesis by streptomyces antibioticus was studied, resulting in the design of a chemically defined medium for production of the antibiotic. of the variety of carbon and nitrogen compounds tested, fructose and aspartic acid (carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively) supported the highest oleandomycin titres. addition of propionate but not acetate, both precursors of the skeleton of the macrolide lactone ring, stimulated the bio ... | 1990 | 2262785 |
| novobiocin-resistance sequences from the novobiocin-producing strain streptomyces niveus. | two distinct dna sequences expressing novobiocin resistance in streptomyces lividans were cloned from the novobiocin-producing species streptomyces niveus. clone pgl101 (5kb) conferred resistance to 50 micrograms ml-1 novobiocin, whereas clones pgl102 and pgl103, which carry the same 6.5kb insert but in opposite orientations, expressed resistance to 150 micrograms ml-1. the cloned inserts from pgl101 and pgl103 failed to hybridize with each other or with the cloned novobiocin-resistant gyrb sequ ... | 1990 | 2388562 |
| regulation of phenoxazinone synthase expression in streptomyces antibioticus. | the cloned gene for the subunit of phenoxazinone synthase (phs), an enzyme implicated in the biosynthesis of actinomycin in streptomyces antibioticus, was used as a probe to study the regulation of the enzyme. the direction of transcription of the phs gene was determined with end-labeled restriction fragments derived from the gene. low-resolution s1 mapping revealed that transcription was initiated at a position which may lie within the sphi restriction site, which represents the limit of the cl ... | 1985 | 2411716 |
| regulation of actinomycin synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus. | phenoxazinone synthase (phs) is one enzyme that has been implicated in the biosynthesis of actinomycin in streptomyces antibioticus. the gene for the 88,000 mr subunit of phs has been cloned and has been used to study the regulation of the enzyme in s. antibioticus. the expression of the enzyme in growing cultures is regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, and glucose repression of phs synthesis also involves control at the level of mrna synthesis. interestingly, the tra ... | 1986 | 2437252 |
| actinomycin synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus: enzymatic conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to 4-methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. | a methyltransferase which utilizes 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (haa) as a substrate was identified in detergent-treated extracts of the bacterium streptomyces antibioticus. the enzyme catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups from [14c]s-adenosylmethionine to haa, but does not catalyze the methylation of 3-hydroxy-dl-kynurenine. enzyme, substrate, time, and ph dependencies for the methyl transfer reaction were examined. reaction products obtained from scaled-up reaction mixtures were fractionated by ... | 1987 | 2445729 |
| actinomycin synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus. purification and properties of a 3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-methyltransferase. | a methyltransferase, which utilizes 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (haa) as a substrate, has been purified to near homogeneity from 30-36-h mycelium of the bacterium streptomyces antibioticus. the enzyme was obtained in approximately 20% yield with a purification of 130-fold. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions indicates that the enzyme is composed of a single subunit with mr of about 36,000. on chromatography in 0.5 m nacl, the enzyme displays a molecular weight of about 3 ... | 1988 | 2450873 |
| [mutagenic effect of mitomycin c on different strains of oleandomycin producer streptomyces antibioticus]. | mitomycin c, a dna-tropic antibiotic, was shown to have a lethal effect on spore sprouts of two strains of streptomyces antibioticus, an organism producing oleandomycin. when the time of exposure to the antibiotic increased there was an almost equal decrease in the survival rate. the mutagen action on the morphological variation and antibiotic production of the two closely related strains were diverse due to their genetic differences. the strain isolated after the culture treatment with a chemic ... | 1989 | 2517387 |
| molecular cloning and in vitro expression of a silent phenoxazinone synthase gene from streptomyces lividans. | phenoxazinone synthase (phs) catalyzes a step in actinomycin d biosynthesis in streptomyces antibioticus. two sequences from streptomyces lividans that hybridize to the phs gene of s. antibioticus have been cloned in escherichia coli k-12 using the plasmid pbr322. although there was some similarity in the restriction maps of the two cloned fragments, neither insert appeared to be a direct subset of the other nor of the s. antibioticus phs gene. in vitro expression studies, in a streptomycete cou ... | 1989 | 2558968 |
| biosynthesis of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine: hydrogen exchange at c-2' and oxygen exchange at c-3' of adenosine. | the data presented here describe new findings related to the bioconversion of adenosine to 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) by streptomyces antibioticus by in vivo investigations and with a partially purified enzyme. first, in double label in vivo experiments with [2'-18o]- and [u-14c]adenosine, the 18o:14c ratio of the ara-a isolated does not change appreciably, indicating a stereospecific inversion of the c-2' hydroxyl of adenosine to ara-a with retention of the 18o at c-2'. in experim ... | 1989 | 2648996 |
| structural analysis of loci involved in psam2 site-specific integration in streptomyces. | psam2 is an 11-kb plasmid integrated in the streptomyces ambofaciens atcc23877 and atcc15154 genomes and found additionally as a free replicon in an uv derivative. after transfer into s. ambofaciens dsm40697 (devoid of psam2) or into streptomyces lividans, specific integration of psam2 occurred very efficiently. a 58-bp sequence (att) present in both psam2 (attp) and s. ambofaciens strain dsm40697 (attb) attachment regions is found at the boundaries (attl and attr) of integrated psam2 in s. ambo ... | 1989 | 2657820 |
| distribution of virginiae butanolides in antibiotic-producing actinomycetes, and identification of the inducing factor from streptomyces antibioticus as virginiae butanolide a. | | 1989 | 2666375 |
| [biosynthesis of oleandomycin by cultures of streptomyces antibioticus obtained after regeneration and fusion of protoplasts]. | the ability of streptomyces antibioticus strains to synthesize oleandomycin is studied under the effect of regeneration and fusion of protoplasts. the production of strains-regenerants with an increased (by 30-50%) synthesis of oleandomycin is possible. regenerants of mutants resistant to the proper antibiotic retain a high level of the oleandomycin synthesis more stably. variations in the antibiotic-production ability are considered in regenerant populations of various generations. | 1989 | 2668708 |
| analysis of the promoter region of the melanin locus from streptomyces antibioticus. | several approaches were used to study the transcriptional control region of the melanin-production locus (melc) of streptomyces antibioticus. filter-binding in combination with exonuclease iii protection localized the 3' boundary of a streptomyces rna polymerase-binding site predominantly about 39 nucleotides (nt) upstream from the start codon of melc1, the first open reading frame in the melc locus. deletion of nt 112-197 upstream from the melc1 start codon reduced melc expression to less than ... | 1989 | 2693212 |
| [inhibition of oleandomycin synthesis by glucoses added during fermentation]. | oleandomycin biosynthesis by streptomyces antibioticus is repressed by glucose added to the growth medium in the process of fermentation. phosphotransferase involved in the synthesis of acetyl coa and propionyl coa (the precursors of the antibiotic macrolactone ring) is neither inhibited nor repressed, and the substrate specificity of the enzyme does not change. the content of camp in the mycelium of s. antibioticus does not change significantly when either glucose or sucrose is added to the med ... | 1987 | 2826974 |
| an exocytoplasmic endonuclease with restriction function in streptomyces antibioticus. | streptomyces antibioticus produces a strong endo-dnase which is located between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall. all dna substrates assayed, including the chromosomal dna of this species and several bacteriophage dnas, were completely degraded in vitro by the enzyme. the rate of synthesis of the nuclease depended on the growth medium. in nbg medium, in which the enzyme is not produced, the size of lytic plaques of several actinophages was larger than that in gym or gae medium, in whic ... | 1988 | 2830237 |
| a trans-acting gene is required for the phenotypic expression of a tyrosinase gene in streptomyces. | the melanin locus (melc) from streptomyces antibioticus was previously shown to be composed of two open reading frames (orfs), melc1 and melc2. the melc2 orf codes for the polypeptide chain of tyrosinase (apotyrosinase). the function of melc1 is not known except that insertional mutation within it abolishes the tyrosinase activity. here, we show that in streptomyces lividans tk64 harboring melc1 mutated and melc2 intact (melc1- melc2+) plasmids, while there was no tyrosinase activity, melc trans ... | 1988 | 2840357 |
| a five-coordinate copper complex with superoxide dismutase mimetic activity from streptomyces antibioticus. | a cu(ii) complex of desferrithiocin from streptomyces antibioticus was prepared and characterized. the first shell atoms, including one nitrogen and four oxygens, were arranged around the copper in a square-planar pyramide. due to the axially jahn-teller-distorted cu-o distance at 224.7 pm, a distinct cu2zn2superoxide dismutase mimetic activity was measured. the cu-complex survived 600 microm bovine serum albumin and the thermodynamic stability (pk = 17.4) was not very different from that of cu- ... | 1988 | 2856345 |
| cloning and expression of the genetically unstable tyrosinase structural gene from streptomyces glaucescens. | the gene from streptomyces glaucescens coding for an inducible tyrosinase was cloned using the low copy vector pij41 and the melanin-negative strain streptomyces lividans tk23 as host. hybridisation experiments as well as complementation studies showed that melc mutant strains carry large deletions of more than 10.5 kb, comprising the structural gene for tyrosinase, while mela and melb strains carry mutations in genes involved in the expression of tyrosinase activity. strong dna homology was fou ... | 1985 | 2995765 |
| restriction-modification systems in streptomyces antibioticus. | several restriction systems were detected in different strains of streptomyces antibioticus by using actinophages as biological indicators. adsorption of phages to the bacteria, together with the study of the efficiency of plating gave an initial indication of restriction in three strains. the alternation of efficiency of plating values obtained from restricting and nonrestricting hosts, gave evidence for the presence of a restriction-modification system in another strain. no common modification ... | 1985 | 2998580 |
| [cyclic adenosine-3',5-monophosphate in streptomyces antibioticus and its possible role in regulating oleandomycin biosynthesis and the growth of the culture]. | when glucose is substituted for sucrose in the fermentation medium for streptomyces antibioticus, the ph of the cultural broth becomes more acidic, the rate of protein synthesis in the mycelium rises, and the rate of oleandomycin synthesis decreases abruptly. the dynamics of camp (cyclic monophosphate) accumulation was studied in the process of biosynthesis by the culture in different media. most of the synthesized camp (80-90%) was shown to be excreted into the medium. glucose stimulates camp s ... | 1986 | 3018460 |
| 8-ketodeoxycoformycin and 8-ketocoformycin as intermediates in the biosynthesis of 2'-deoxycoformycin and coformycin. | an enzyme has been isolated from cell-free extracts of streptomyces antibioticus that can catalyze the reduction of 8-ketodeoxycoformycin (8-ketodcf) and 8-ketocoformycin (8-ketocof) to the naturally occurring nucleoside analogues 2'-deoxycoformycin (dcf) and coformycin (cof), respectively. the partially purified reductase requires nadph as the cofactor and stereospecifically reduces the 8-keto group of both ketonucleoside substrates to a hydroxyl group with the r configuration at c-8. this is t ... | 1988 | 3052586 |
| [nitrogen metabolism of streptomyces antibioticus on media with various glucose contents]. | the dynamics of the glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity was studied during cultivation of str. antibioticus on media with different contents of glucose and ammonium sulfate. no correlation between the enzymes activity and the levels of oleandomycin production by the mycelium was observed. it was shown that the levels of oleandomycin biosynthesis repression by glucose did not depend on ammonium sulfate concentration in the medium. | 1988 | 3056301 |
| metabolites of microorganisms. 247. phenazines from streptomyces antibioticus, strain tü 2706. | from a strain of streptomyces antibioticus seven yellow phenazines were isolated. the antibacterially most active antibiotic was identified as (-)-saphenamycin, a second one with compound dc-86-y (saphenic acid). three compounds were new: saphenic acid methyl ether, 6-acetylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid and an inseparable mixture of fatty acid esters of saphenic acid. two simple phenazines were phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (tubermycin b) and unsubstituted phenazine, which was isolated for the first ... | 1988 | 3058669 |
| [fusion of protoplasts in streptomyces antibioticus]. | the analysis of streptomyces antibioticus recombinants isolated under non-selective conditions for stability of inheritance of parental properties demonstrated the existence of non-stable diploids and stable haploid recombinants. also, genetic analysis of heteroclones isolated on selective medium after plating spores of regenerants was conducted. the results of analysis of haploid recombinant and heteroclones pointed to linkage of genetic loci and the possibility to use the technique of protopla ... | 1988 | 3069582 |
| metabolism of endogenous trehalose by streptomyces griseus spores and by spores or cells of other actinomycetes. | the disaccharide trehalose is accumulated as a storage product by spores of streptomyces griseus. nongerminating spores used their trehalose reserves slowly when incubated in buffer for several months. in contrast, spores rapidly depleted their trehalose pools during the first hours of germination. extracts of dormant spores contained a high specific activity of the enzyme trehalase. the level of trehalase remained relatively constant during germination or incubation in buffer. nongerminating sp ... | 1987 | 3117770 |
| induction of tyrosinase by l-methionine in streptomyces antibioticus. | investigations were carried out to establish conditions favorable for the formation of tyrosinase, an inducible metalloenzyme synthesized by streptomyces antibioticus. it was determined that the size of the inoculum and age of the culture as well as the temperature of incubation were important factors for enzyme synthesis. induction of tyrosinase by s. antibioticus appears to be specific for l-methionine with maximal enzyme synthesis observed at 0.1 mm. addition of cuso4 and d-glucose at the tim ... | 1988 | 3148362 |
| [effect of surface-active agents (tween-21) on indices of energy metabolism in oleandomycin producers]. | the specific growth rate of streptomyces antibioticus, a producer of oleandomycin, and the specific rate of the antibiotic accumulation in the culture medium during fermentation were investigated. on the basis of the results obtained the fermentation period was divided into 7 phases of development. the culture treated with the surfactant (tween-21) is characterized by a higher specific growth rate during the whole fermentation and a higher specific rate of the antibiotic accumulation at the stag ... | 1988 | 3290884 |
| resistance to oleandomycin in streptomyces antibioticus, the producer organism. | resistance to oleandomycin in streptomyces antibioticus, the producer organism, was studied. the organism was highly resistant in vivo to the antibiotic but sensitive to other macrolides and lincosamides. protein synthesis in vivo by mycelium of s. antibioticus was more resistant to oleandomycin than that by mycelium of streptomyces albus g, an oleandomycin-sensitive strain, and this resistance was dependent on the age of the culture, older mycelium of s. antibioticus being more resistant to ole ... | 1987 | 3312488 |
| [polysaccharide composition of the cell wall of streptomyces antibioticus ria-594(39), a producer of the antibiotic oleandomycin]. | the main polysaccharide components of the cell wall in s. antibioticus ria-594 (39) i.e. peptidoglycan, teichoic acid and polysaccharide were studied. peptidoglycan consists of the polysaccharide fraction containing equimolar quantities of n-acetylglucosamine and muramic acid and the peptide subunits including alanine, glutamic and l,l-diaminopimelic acids and glycine at a ratio of 1.4:0.9:1:0.9. it is characteristic that certain peptide subunits of the streptomycete contain no alanine. a polysa ... | 1987 | 3314690 |
| interstitial transudate concentration of adenosine and inosine in rat and guinea pig hearts. | interstitial transudate (it) was sampled from the surface of isolated constant pressure-perfused guinea pig and rat hearts. with endogenous adenosine (ar) formation, it concentrations (crr) of ar and inosine (ir) were 4- to 6.5-fold higher than those in the venous effluent. the ar-to-ir ratio varied between 0.5 and 0.1. during normoxic perfusion, cit-ar reached a basal level of 0.18 microm. during maintained hypoxia, cit-ar was elevated only initially up to 0.63 microm. subsequently, it decrease ... | 1988 | 3381898 |
| biosynthesis of 2'-deoxycoformycin: evidence for ring expansion of the adenine moiety of adenosine to a tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepine system. | 2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-dcf), a nucleoside antitumor agent produced in trace quantities by streptomyces antibioticus, has been shown in earlier work to originate from the intact carbon-nitrogen framework of adenosine. additional experiments using 13c and two-dimensional fourier transform nmr techniques, together with radiolabeling studies, identify the c-1 of d-ribose, and not the tetrahydrofolate "c-1 pool", as the source of the c-7 carbon in the aglycon of 2'-dcf. these results show that the ad ... | 1987 | 3499935 |
| [induction of mutations in streptomyces antibioticus]. | mutagenic action of uv-light, nitrosoguanidine and nitrosomethylbiuret was studied in streptomyces antibioticus vniia 1607. nitrosomethylbiuret appeared to be most effective inducer of auxotrophic mutations (mutation frequency reached 15%). by means of hybridological analysis, it was shown that heterokaryons predominated in the progeny of mixed cultures of multiply marked strains. the test for functional allelism using heterokaryons permitted us to divide 93 independently obtained mutations into ... | 1986 | 3514376 |
| glycogen and trehalose accumulation during colony development in streptomyces antibioticus. | streptomyces antibioticus accumulated glycogen and trehalose in a characteristic way during growth on solid medium. glycogen storage in the substrate mycelium took place during development of the aerial mycelium. the concentration of nitrogen source in the culture medium influenced the time at which accumulation started as well as the maximum levels of polysaccharide stored. degradation of these glycogen reserves was observed near the beginning of sporulation. the onset of sporogenesis was alway ... | 1986 | 3534138 |
| [effect of oleandomycin on the growth of the producer streptomyces antibioticus itself and on its antibiotic synthesis]. | it was shown that addition of oleandomycin to the fermentation broth during development of str. antibioticus inhibited the mycelium growth within the first 2 days and lowered the level of its further biosynthesis. the inhibitory effect depended on concentration of the added antibiotic and medium composition. an excess of glucose increased the inhibitory effect of oleandomycin. the antibiotic influenced both synthesis of the oleandomycin macrolide ring and methylation of the molecule. | 1986 | 3551816 |
| efficient transformation of amycolatopsis orientalis (nocardia orientalis) protoplasts by streptomyces plasmids. | conditions for efficient transformation of amycolatopsis orientalis (nocardia orientalis) protoplasts by streptomyces plasmid cloning vectors were identified. three streptomycete plasmid origins of replication function in a. orientalis, as do the apramycin resistance gene from escherichia coli, the thiostrepton resistance gene from streptomyces azureus, and the tyrosinase gene from streptomyces antibioticus. a. orientalis appears to express some restriction and modification, because highest tran ... | 1987 | 3571169 |
| [the role of metabolic and regulatory factors in the mutagenic activity of purine derivatives in microorganisms]. | the results concerning analysis of the mutagenic activity of analogues of nitrogen bases are given for saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptomyces antibioticus, bacillus subtilis. the mutagenic activity of purine derivatives depends on their metabolic transformations in cell and on the activity of enzyme systems, involved in regulation of purine biosynthesis. the criterion of selection of purine analogues with genetic activity is proposed for yeasts, based on retroinhibitory ability of analogues of n ... | 1987 | 3666448 |
| [inhibition of oleandomycin biosynthesis by glucose]. | the results of the study on the effect of glucose and various carbohydrates on biosynthesis of oleandomycin by streptomyces antibioticus are presented. it was found that glucose added at the beginning or by the 48th hour of the fermentation process on the complex medium inhibited oleandomycin biosynthesis. to investigate the mechanism of the glucose effect, a fermentation medium was developed. it provided variation of the carbohydrate composition, determination of the protein content in the cult ... | 1985 | 3904619 |
| [interrelationship of the antibiotic and proteolytic activities of the producer streptomyces antibioticus when different substances are added to the culture broth]. | interrelation between biosynthesis of oleandomycin and alkaline proteases was studied during cultivation of str. antibioticus in flasks with the complex soybean-corn medium containing lactose. increasing of the activity of oleandomycin and that of alkaline proteases in the fermentation broth was simultaneous and reached the maximum within 168-192 hours. after that period the activity levels lowered. atp and glucose induced inhibition of the antibiotic activity and stimulation of the proteolytic ... | 1985 | 3911875 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the tyrosinase gene from streptomyces antibioticus and characterization of the gene product. | the sequence of a 1.56-kb dna fragment containing the tyrosinase gene (mel) from streptomyces antibioticus was determined and the mr (30612) and amino acid (aa) sequence of the protein were deduced from the nucleotide (nt) sequence. intracellular and extracellular tyrosinase from s. antibioticus, transformed with pij702 (containing mel), were purified to homogeneity; the mr (29 500), as determined by sephadex g-75 chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds- ... | 1985 | 3932128 |
| [pigments of actinomyces antibioticus]. | | 1970 | 4100207 |
| actinomycin mono-lactone, a metabolite of streptomyces antibioticus 3720. | | 1971 | 4101129 |
| phenoxazinone synthetase from streptomyces antibioticus: multiple activities of the enzyme. | a procedure for the preparation of relatively large quantities of highly purified phenoxazinone synthetase from streptomyces antibioticus is described. enzyme preparations consisted of multiple forms, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. each of the electrophoretically separable forms catalyzed the oxidation of catechols, ferrocyanide, and ethylenic thiols, in addition to o-aminophenols. | 1972 | 4118295 |
| morphological changes accompanying actinomycin production in streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1974 | 4133251 |
| effect of pipecolic acid isomers on the biogenesis of actinomycins. | streptomyces antibioticus produces a family of actinomycin components which differ solely at the "imino acid" site of the molecule; however, new congeners of actinomycin are synthesized when cultures are supplemented with pipecolic acid (pa). the quantitative and qualitative nature of the actinomycins produced differed when cultures were incubated in the presence of either l-, d-, or racemic pa. in the presence of d-pa, the quantitative and qualitative nature of those actinomycins produced were ... | 1974 | 4134135 |
| incorporation of sarcosine into the actinomycins synthesized by streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1964 | 4157899 |
| actinomycin synthesis in washed cells of streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1965 | 4158638 |
| origin of the sarcosine molecules of actinomycins. | 1. streptomyces v-187 produces on minimal medium a mixture composed mainly of actinomycin c(1) (actinomycin d) and actinomycin a(1) (actinomycin i). if sarcosine is added to the medium, the micro-organism produces, in addition to actinomycins c(1) and a(1), actinomycin f(8) (actinomycin ii) and actinomycin f(9) (actinomycin (iii), characterized by the substitution by sarcosine of one or both the proline molecules present in actinomycin c(1). 2. exogenous sarcosine seems to be incorporated as suc ... | 1965 | 4159551 |
| conversion of c14-and cis-or trans-4-h3-l-proline to 4-hydroxy-l-proline and 4-oxo-l-proline by streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1965 | 4159569 |
| evidence for the incorporation of l-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate into actinomycins by streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1967 | 4167872 |
| changes in phenoxazinone synthetase activity during the growth cycle of streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1968 | 4171075 |
| biogenesis of peptide antibiotics. i. dynamics of antimycin a biosynthesis by streptomyces antibioticus nrrl 2838. | | 1968 | 4171081 |
| effect of structural and stereochemical methylproline isomers on actinomycin biosynthesis. | the inhibitory effect of methylprolines on actinomycin biosynthesis by streptomyces antibioticus was studied; the order of effectiveness was 3- >4- >5-methyl-dl-proline. cis-3-methyl-dl-proline was 14 times more active than the trans isomer. it was also found that 4- and, possibly, 5-methylproline were incorporated into the actinomycin molecule. when 4-methylproline was present, three new actinomycins, representing 50 to 60% of the antibiotic mixture, were synthesized. growth of the organism may ... | 1968 | 4171116 |
| differential effects of cis-3-methylproline and trans-3-methylproline on actinomycin synthesis in streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1968 | 4171550 |
| actinomycin analogues containing pipecolic acid: relationship of structure to biological activity. | streptomyces antibioticus synthesizes a mixture of actinomycins which differ at the "imino acid" site of the peptide chains. in the presence of exogenous pipecolic acid, several new actinomycins were synthesized and 70% of the proline in the antibiotic mixture was replaced by the analogue. three new antibiotics (designated pip 1alpha, pip 1beta, and pip 2) were isolated from culture filtrates, purified, and crystallized. the molar ratio of pipecolic acid to proline was: pip 1alpha, 1:0; pip 1bet ... | 1968 | 4174667 |
| composition of the rigid-layer of streptomyces antibioticus producing peptide antibiotics. | | 1968 | 4177592 |
| biosynthesis of the actinomycin chromophore: incorporation of 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilic acid into actinomycins by streptomyces antibioticus. | actinomycin synthesis by washed mycelia of streptomyces antibioticus has been conducted in the presence of 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate-(carboxyl-(14)c). incorporation of this compound into actinomycins has been observed, which constitutes further evidence that 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate is an intermediate in actinomycin biosynthesis. the position of the incorporated label has been determined to be within the actinomycin chromophore, and the label appears to be equally distributed between ... | 1969 | 4187701 |
| rna metabolism in streptomyces antibioticus; effect of 5-fluorouracil on the appearance of phenoxazinone synthetase. | | 1970 | 4191419 |
| effect of phosphate on biosynthesis of antimycin a and production and utilization of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate by streptomyces antibioticus. | | 1969 | 4245431 |