| macrolide antibiotics m-4365 produced by micromonospora. iii. in vitro antimicrobial activity of antibiotic m-4365g2 (de-epoxy rosamicin). | antibiotic m-4365g2 (de-epoxy rosamicin) produced by micromonospora capillata mcrl 0940 is a new basic 16-membered macrolide antibiotic with activity equal to or superior to erythromycin and josamycin against gram-positive bacteria. of interest are the high degree of activity against gram-negative bacilli and mycoplasmas, and striking inhibitory effects against indole-producing proteus spp. bactericidal activity of m-4365g2 is also to be noticed. | 1978 | 27495 |
| characteristics of bacteriophages for micromonospora purpurea. | chemical and physical stabilities of bacteriophages øuw 21 and øuw 51 infecting micromonospora purpurea atcc 15835 were examined. both phages were stable over the ph range of 5 to 8 and to heating at temperatures up to 50 degrees c and especially stable in buffer containing magnesium ion. exposure to 1 m ca(no3)2 inactivated both phages, and phage øuw 51 was also susceptible to 1 m cacl2, 0.1 m tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and 0.3% h2o2. phage plating efficiency was highest on the cultures a ... | 1978 | 29557 |
| gentamicins. | gentamicin is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic, basic and water-soluble, produced and developed by schering corporation-bloomfield, new jersey (1967 and 1968). it is produced by micromonospora purpurea, a member of a genus of microorganisms from which no other antibiotics have been derived. paper chromatographic techniques showed the components of gentamicin complex designated as c', c'a, and c2. gentamicins are bactericidal antibiotics, active in vivo in low concentrations against a wide spectru ... | 1977 | 327729 |
| [methodological procedures for detecting antibiotic producers among cultures of the family micromonosporaceae]. | data on intensification of the search for active cultures among micromonospora are presented. it was shown that the frequency of detecting the antibiotic-producing cultures among micromonospora under conditions of fermentation on the corn-glucose medium inoculated with agar blocks amounted to 35 per cent. the use of nutrient media of different composition for growing submerged inoculum of micromonospora demonstrated that the rate of its growth reached maximum on the peastarch medium. the use of ... | 1979 | 391144 |
| [comparative study of an active strain of micromonospora purpurea and its less active mutant in connection with gentamycin biosynthesis]. | | 1979 | 443792 |
| antibacterial activities, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity of a new aminoglycoside, win 42122-2. | win 42122-2 is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from a mutant strain of micromonospora purpurea. in vitro and in vivo comparisons of win 42122-2 with gentamicin and amikacin revealed that win 42122-2 generally was less active than gentamicin against pseudomonas and many enterobacteriacae, especially klebsiella and indole-negative proteus. against most gentamicin-susceptible isolates, win 42122-2 was more active than amikacin. gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates were usually resistant ... | 1979 | 533261 |
| semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterials. 6. synthesis of sisomicin, antibiotic g-52, and novel 6'-substituted analogues of sisomicin from aminoglycoside 66-40c. | the discovery of aminoglycoside 66-40c, a novel dimeric, unsaturated imine produced by micromonospora inyoensis, afforded a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of sisomicin analogues modified at the 6' position. the conversion of 66-40c into sisomicin, antibiotic g-52, and a series of novel 6'-substituted analogues of sisomicin is described, and the biological activity of the products is discussed. | 1978 | 413921 |
| epoxidation of aldrin to exo-dieldrin by soil bacteria. | twenty-two strains of soil bacteria, including representatives of the genera bacillus, micromonospora, mycobacterium, nocardia, streptomyces, thermoactinomyces, and pseudomonas and 10 unidentified gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, were shown to degrade aldrin to its epoxide dieldrin. in every case, the exo-stereoisomer of dieldrin was produced exclusively. | 1977 | 407844 |
| biosynthesis of sisomicin and gentamicin. | | 1979 | 398907 |
| mutational biosynthesis of new antibiotics. | | 1979 | 386923 |
| the diagnostic value of antibodies to the traditional antigens of farmer's lung in finland. | precipitating antibodies towards antigens associated with farmer's lung disease were studied in finnish dairy farming and non-farming rural populations and the results were compared to those of serum samples of patients suspected of having a fungal allergy. the antigen panel consisted of aspergillus fumigatus, micropolyspora faeni and thermoactinomyces vulgaris. all three microbes seemed to be important environmental inducers of antibody formation. the prevalence of antibodies towards all of the ... | 1978 | 361284 |
| source of antibiotics other than streptomyces. | | 1977 | 349190 |
| [viability study of actinomycete cultures preserved for a long time on agar media]. | viability of 254 actinomycetous strains stored for 1 to 6 years on agarized media a temperature of 4-10 degrees c without passages was studied. the cultures included 204 strain of actinomyces, 26 strains of mycobacterium, 2 strains of streptosporangium, 1 strain of intrasporangium, 2 strains of micropolyspora and 5 strains of thermoactinomyces. most of the cultures, i.e. 94.55 per cent stored for 6 years remained vialbe after the this period. with an increase in the storage period from 1 to 4 ye ... | 1978 | 655683 |
| mutational biosynthesis by idiotrophs of micromonospora purpurea. i. conversion of aminocyclitols to new aminoglycoside antibiotics. | by mutation and strain improvement techniques idiotrophs of micromonospora purpurea, the gentamicin-producing organism, were obtained which require an exogenous source of 2-deoxystreptamine in order to produce gentamicin. streptamine incorporation afforded a mixture of 2-hydroxygentamicin c as a complex of essentially the c1 and c2 components whereas 2-deoxystreptamine when incorporated by the same idiotroph afforded the same mixture of c1, c2 and c1a gentamicins as the parent (m1) organism. the ... | 1977 | 320170 |
| production of beta-lactamase by non-streptomyces actinomycetales. | supernatants and whole cells from fermentation broths of micromonospora, nocardia, oerskovia, and other genera of the actinomycetales were examined for the presence of beta-lactamase activity by using the chromogenic cephalosporin 87/312. nearly 60% of the 250 isolates examined produced detectable levels of beta-lactamase. all enzyme preparations were active over a range of ph values from 6.5 to 8.2, with maximum activity occurring between 7.0 and 7.8. the preparations varied in their stability ... | 1979 | 311614 |
| powdered chitin agar as a selective medium for enumeration of actinomycetes in water and soil. | agar media made with 0.4% colloidal chitin plus mineral salts and adjusted to ph 8.0 was superior to four other commonly used media for the isolation and enumeration of actinomycetes from water samples. more actinomycetes developed on chitin agar, and the development of bacteria and fungi was suppressed. frozen and vacuum-dried chitin from aqueous colloidal suspensions was finely divided and gave results comparable to those obtained with media prepared from colloidal suspensions. | 1975 | 234719 |
| in vitro activity of sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, against clinical isolates. | sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is produced by micromonospora myoensis, was studied against 565 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. with the exception of serratia marcescens, over 90% of isolates of gram-negative bacilli were inhibited by 1.56 mug/ml or less of sisomicin. sisomicin was slightly more active than gentamicin and tobramycin aganist isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella spp. it was substantially more active tha ... | 1975 | 234415 |
| mannitol oxidation in two micromonospora isolates and in representative species of other actinomycetes. | mannitol kinase and mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were detected in two micromonospora isolates. the presence of these enzyme activities indicates that mannitol is catabolized first to mannitol-1-phosphate and then to fructose-6-phosphate. mannitol-oxidizing enzymes were also surveyed in representative species of four other genera of actinomycetes. mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was detected in cell-free extracts of streptomyces lactamdurans. in contrast, cell-free extracts of ... | 1977 | 194534 |
| a new actinomycin complex produced by a micromonospora species: fermentation, isolation, and characterization. | a species of micromonospora, micromonospora floridensis nrrl 8020, has been found to produce an actinomycin complex consisting of at least 25 active components. after solvent extraction of the complex, separation of the individual components was carried out by preparative thin-layer chromatography. hydrolysis and subsequent electrophoretic and chromatographic identification of the amino acid content of each of the isolated components have shown differences from known actinomycins, and the probab ... | 1976 | 56917 |
| fortimicins a and b, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. ii. isolation, physico-chemical and chromatographic properties. | the aminoglycoside antibiotics fortimicins a and b produced by a naturally occurring strain micromonospora sp. mk-70 were isolated from its fermentation beer. fortimicins a and b were isolated as water-soluble, basic, white amorphous powders having molecular formula c17h35n5o6 and c15h32n4o5, respectively. acid hydrolysis of fortimicin a indicated that it has one mole of glycine in its molecule while fortimicin b has not. paper chromatography, silica-gel and carbon thin-layer chromatography reve ... | 1977 | 19408 |
| effect of different forms of nitrogen in the biosynthesis of gentamicin by a micromonospora purpurea var. violacea 1935 culture. | the effect of different inorganic sources of reduced and oxidized nitrogen on biosynthesis of gentamicin was studied. it was shown that both the ammonium and the nitrate nitrogen were consumed by the antibiotic-producing organism. out of all the salts tested only ammonium sulfate stimulated the biosynthesis of gentamicin. the positive role of this salt was due to both the ammonium and the sulfogroup, since the presence of the sulfogroup alone in sodium sulfat, magnesium or sulfuric acid resulted ... | 1977 | 18981 |
| synthetic medium for the biosynthesis of gentamicin. | a synthetic medium for biosynthesis of gentamicin was developed. it includes maltose, gelatine, potassium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, cobalt chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate and zinc sulphate. the dynamics of the biochemical changes in the above medium was studied. | 1977 | 16561 |
| properties of proteolytic enzymes isolated from a thermophilic strain of micromonospora vulgaris 42. | two proteolytic enzymes, protease a and protease b, were isolated in homogeneous state from the cultural broth of the thermophilic actinomycete micromonospora vulgaris 42. their physicochemical properties were studied, i.e., molecular weight (50 000 for protease a and 30 000 for protease b), amino acid composition, n-terminal amino acids (phenylalanine for protease a and alanine for protease b). the specificity of the action of these enzymes was assayed by splitting the b chain of oxidized insul ... | 1976 | 9742 |
| importance of the ph for the growth of the gentamicin producer and the biosynthesis of the antibiotic. | | 1976 | 5944 |
| microbial products. iii epi-deoxynegamycin from a micromonospora. | | 1979 | 575128 |
| structure of aminoglycoside 66-40 c, a novel unsaturated imine produced by micromonospora inyoensis. | | 1977 | 560387 |
| biosynthetic pathway leading to gentamicin c2b. | incubation of micromonospora purpurea sc 1210 (nrrl 5467) with l-[methyl-14c]methionine yielded [methyl-14c]gentamicin a and methyl-14c-labeled antibiotic ji-20a in a molar radioactivity ratio of 9:2. we did not isolate methyl-14c-labeled gentamicin x2, which was expected as an intermediate based on the biosynthetic pathways proposed by others. addition of methyl-14c-labeled antibiotic ji-20a to m. purpurea sc 1124 (nrrl 8102) yielded [methyl-14c]-gentamicin c1a and [methyl-14c]gentamicin c2b in ... | 1979 | 525999 |
| 4-n-aminoacylfortimicins e. | the conversion of fortimicin e, a minor metabolite from the micromonospora olivoasterospora fermentation which also produces fortimicin a and fortimicin b, to four 4-n-aminoacylfortimicins e was accomplished. the new 4-n-aminoacylfortimicins e showed only weak antimicrobial activity against several gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. | 1979 | 511780 |
| fortimicins c, d and ke, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. | from the fermentation broth of micromonospora olivoasterospora cs-26 that produced fortimicins a and b three new aminoglycoside antibiotics, fortimicins c, d and ke, were isolated. fortimicins c and d exhibited potent, broad spectrum antibacterial activities against gram-positive and negative bacteria, while fortimicin ke was only weakly active. | 1979 | 511777 |
| fortimicins a and b, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. i. producing organism, fermentation and biological properties of fortimicins. | a culture of micromonospora species mk-70 was found to produce two new antibiotics, fortimicins a and b. antibacterial and paper chromatographic data on an eluate from irc-50 treatment of fermentation beers indicated that fortimicins a and b are new antibiotics with broad-spectrum, basic and water-soluble properties. fortimicin a exhibited potent, unique, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo, while fortimicin b was only weakl ... | 1977 | 893224 |
| [role of the components in the methylation system in the cobalamin-dependent gentamycin biosynthesis by a micromonospora purpurea culture]. | it was found that under conditions of a short-term cultivation of the co-deficient mycelium of m. purpurea var. violaces 1935 in the synthetic medium the level of gentamicin biosynthesis increased on the average by 2--2.5 times when cyancobalamine, methylcobalamine, l-methionine or l-serine were added to the medium. glycine and h2-pholate increased the gentamicin yield on the average by 1.5--1.8 times. when the concentration of l-methionine in the medium was optimal, production of gentamicin by ... | 1979 | 507775 |
| [a study of the action of sodium chlorate on strains of nitrate reducing soil bacteria (author's transl)]. | fours strains of nitrate reducing bacteria isolated from soil were studied for their behavior towards chlorate. they are facultative anaerobes, except for bacillus megatherium (which is a strict aerobe) and they possess a nitrate reductase a. the growth of three strains of bacteria (klebsiella pneumoniae, b. licheniformis and micromonospora globosa) was slowed by sodium chlorate at a concentration of 0.06 to 0.1% while the other strain (b. megatherium) tolerated the cio3- well. the delay of bact ... | 1979 | 484991 |
| [formation of broad-spectrum antibiotics by cultures of the genus micromonospora]. | data on the study of antibiotic production by the representatives of micromonospora and the use of ion exchange resins for intensification of screening antibiotic-producing organisms among micromonospora are presented. it was found that out of 172 strains of micromonospora tested 92 (53.5 per cent) cultures produced antibiotics, 18 of which were active against gramnegative bacteria. the use of carboxylic ion exchange resins at early microbiological stages of the screening provided an increase in ... | 1979 | 443785 |
| [the thermophilic streptomycetes flora in milk powders and condensed milk products (author's transl)]. | 247 specimens of powdered milk and 165 of condensed milk were tested for their contamination with thermophile streptomycetes. colonies of these contaminants were isolated from all specimens of powdered milk and from 73 samples of condensed sweeted milk. the isolated strains corresponded with the following species of thermophilic streptomycetes: thermoactinomyces vulgaris, tsiklinsky 1899, thermoactinomyces vulgaris, tsiklinsky 1899 "giant colonies", micromonospora sp. (agre et al., 1). | 1978 | 581428 |
| metabolites of gentamicin-producing micromonospora species i. isolation and identification of metabolites. | from the cultural broth of a micromonospora species 25 aminocyclitol antibiotics were isolated by repeated ion-exchange chromatographic processes. the main components of the metabolites were identified as gentamicin c1, c2, and c1a. the other previously reported gentamicin type antibiotics and some other degradation products including gentamicin a, b, b1, x2, sisomicin, garamine, gentamines etc., were identified by chemical, pmr, and mass spectroscopic studies. besides these, seven new gentamici ... | 1977 | 591461 |
| synthesis of carbon-14 and tritium labeled sagamicin. | sagamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was labeled with tritium by means of a platinum catalyzed hydrogen exchange reaction and by carbon-14 in two biosynthetic procedures. 14c-methyl-l-methionine was used as the radioactive precursor in these biological processes involving micromonospora sagamiensis. the distribution of radioactivity in 14c-sagamicin and gentamicin c1 was studied by mild acid hydrolysis and hofmann degradation. the results showed that both c- and n-methyl groups were derived ... | 1977 | 591466 |
| formation of methylated and phosphorylated metabolites during the fermentation process of verdamicin. | in an attempt to understand the biosynthetic processes leading to the formation of verdamicin (end product), we have examined the patterns of the formation of methylated and phosphorylated metabolites, which resulted from either the addition of l-[methyl-(14)c]methionine or [(32)p]kh(2)po(4) to the fermentation. incorporation of label from l-[methyl-(14)c]methionine into the bioactive sisomicin, verdamicin, and the chromatographically polar components increased with the progression of time. two ... | 1976 | 984776 |
| fortimicin a production by micromonospora olivoasterospora in a chemically defined medium. | a chemically defined medium was devised in order to study the requirements for fortimicin a production by micromonospora olivoasterospora ky 11515. soluble starch was the best carbon source; nh4cl and nh4no3 were suitable nitrogen sources both for the growth and fortimicin production. amino acids such as l-asparagine, l-aspartic acid and l-glutamic acid showed some stimulatory effects on both growth and antibiotic production of m. olivoasterospora while l-serine stimulated only antibiotic produc ... | 1977 | 599081 |
| [role of cobalt in the biosynthesis of the components of the gentamicin complex]. | it was shown that addition of cobalt ions or vitamin b12 to the fermentation medium resulted in an increase in the level of gentamicin accumulation, the relative content of the most methylated components c1 and c2 in the gentamicin complex being increased, while the content of the least methylated components cia and "minors" decreased. addition of sulphodimezine lowered the gentamicin biosynthesis rate and the relative content of gentamicins c1 and c2. it was supposed that cobalt stimulated the ... | 1978 | 623443 |
| [dependence of the component makeup of the gentamicin complex on micromonospora purpurea var. violacea 1935 cultivation conditions]. | dependence of biosynthesis of gentamicin and vitamin b12 on complex and "synthetic" media under conditions of decreased aeration, increased phosphorus levels and non-optimal content of carbon source was studied. the decreased levels of vitamin b12 production under conditions of the non-optimal content of the carbon source and increased phosphorus levels in the medium resulted in decreased production of the antibiotic complex as a whole and decreased relative content of the most methylated gentam ... | 1978 | 677834 |
| [directed isolation of micromonospora generic cultures on a selective medium with gentamycin]. | the results of using selective media with gentamicin for directed isolation of micromonospora are presented. it was shown that the use of the selective media with gentamicin for isolation of actinomycetes from soils of usual humidity levels markedly increased the frequency of micronomonospora detection. the use of the selective media with gentamicin for plating out silt substrates containing mainly micromonospora had practically no effect on the increase in the number of the micromonospora cultu ... | 1978 | 686691 |
| [directed isolation of micromonospora generic cultures from moist soils and silts]. | the data on the study of various soils and substrates for isolation of micromonospora from them are presented. it was shown that micromonospora predominated in moist soils and especially in such substrates as silts where their content with respect to the all actinomycetous isolates amounted to 88.9 per cent. in the silts the content of micromonospora amounted to 66.6--83 per cent, in the sopromely its content was 66 per cent, while in the ordinary non-moist soil its content was from 6 to 11 per ... | 1978 | 686692 |
| [data on the conditions for the prolonged storage of micromonospora generic cultures]. | data on studying various conditions for prolonged storage of micromonospora are presented. it was shown that micromonospora were satisfactorily stored under conditions of all maintenance methods used. the optimal methods were the following: storage of micromonospora on agarized media under a layer of vaseline oil, storage of micromonospora in the form of a mature submerged culture on liquid media optimal for its growth and development. stimulating effect of low temperature on the spore germinati ... | 1978 | 686693 |
| antibiotic biosynthesis by cofermentation of blocked mutants of two micromonospora species. | two aminocyclitol-negative micromonospora mutants representing two different species, m. purpurea and m. inyoensis, and blocked at different steps in the biosynthetic pathway were paired and cofermented for the synthesis of antibiotics. the two blocked mutants were incapable of producing antibiotics alone except when 2-deoxystreptamine was added. when combined they produced gentamicins a, x(2), c(1a), and c(2b), which all have an amino group at the 2' position, and gentamicin b, which has a hydr ... | 1978 | 686710 |
| the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotic 66-40g produced by micromonospora inyoensis. | aminoglycoside antibiotic 66-40g is a minor component produced in the fermentation of micromonospora inyoensis. its structure has been established as 3''-de-n-methyl-sisomicin (4) by spectroscopic means and by direct comparison with an authentic sample obtained from photochemical oxidative de-n-methylation of sisomicin (1). | 1978 | 689999 |
| verdamicin, a new broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic. | verdamicin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from fermentation broths of a species of the genus micromonospora, m. grisea. it has been differentiated from other known related antibiotics by a variety of chemical and biological methods. its in vitro and in vivo spectrum of activity appears to be similar to those of gentamicin and sisomicin. | 1975 | 1137376 |
| production of gentamicins by micromonospora purpurea. | the natural medium contained the following ingredients (g/l): glucose 8.0, or black strap molasses (treated with 0.2--0.3 g/l edta) 12.0, fodder yeast (50.0% total nitrogen) 2.0, or folder yeast (40.0% total nitrogen) 6.0, or yeast extract 8.0, or tryptone 8.0, and caco3 1.0. treated black strap molasses with edta and fodder yeast proved to be effective in the fermentative production of gentamicins. the most suitable chelating agent was edta in the form of disodium for the treatment of komombo m ... | 1978 | 696047 |
| mode of action of gentamicin antibiotics produced by micromonospora purpurea. | gentamicin antibiotics were produced fermentatively by micromonospora purpurea. they were separated into gentamicin c1, c1a and c2 by paper chromatographic technique, using chloroform, methanol, and 17.0% of nh4oh (2: 1: 1 v/v) as developing solvent. the different antibiotics showed variable antimicrobial activities. the gentamicin antibiotics inhibited the biosynthesis of dna and rna of the proteins, present in the cells of staphylococcus aureus. | 1978 | 726708 |
| new antibiotic xk-62-2 (sagamicin). ii taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentative production and characterization of sagamicin. | cultures of micromonospora species, strains mk 65 and mk 62, were found to produce a new antibiotic xk-62-2 (sagamicin). antibacterial and paperchromatographic data on an eluate from irc50 treatment of fermentation beers indicated that xk62-2 is a new antibiotic with broad spectrum, basic, and water-soluble properties, probably closely related to the gentamicin c group of antibiotics. | 1975 | 805111 |
| separation of gentamicin c-complex into five components by craig distribution. | a gentamicin c-complex preparation was separated preparatively into five components by craig distribution. gentamicins c1, c2, and c1a were the major components, whereas components c2a and c2b represented only 4% of the total c-complex mixture. paper chromatographic analysis showed that the gentamicin c2b separated by craig distribution was identical with a gentamicin isolated from micromonospora purpurea var. ji-33 fermentation broth and identified as 6'-n-methylgentamicin c1a. similarly, compo ... | 1977 | 856852 |
| bacteriophages infecting micromonospora purpurea. | | 1977 | 885800 |
| macrolide antibiotics m-4365 produced by micromonospora. i. taxonomy, production, isolation, characterization and properties. | a series of basic 16-membered macrolide antibiotics, m-4365 a1, a2, a3, g1, g2 and g3, were isolated from the culture broth of strain mcrl 0940 which is assigned to be a new species of micromonospora and for which the name micromonospora capillata sp. nov. is proposed. among these antibiotics, m-4365 a2 and g2 showed strong inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 1977 | 885804 |
| macrolide antibiotics m-4365 produced by micromonospora. ii. chemical structures. | by physiochemical analyses and chemical procedures, the structures of a series of basic 16-membered macrolide antibiotics, m-4365, a1, a2, a3, g1, g2 and g3 were elucidated, and it was found that m-4365 a1, g1 and g2 were novel, while m-4365 a2, a3 and g3 were identical with rosamicin, juvenimicins a4 and b1, respectively. | 1977 | 885805 |
| [degradation of cellulose by micromonospores]. | sodium benzoate is suggested as an inhibitor of cellulose decomposing bacteria and fungi for detecting and counting micromonospores. cellulose decomposing micromonospores were found in the zone adjacent to the roots of winter wheat and maize; their number, cellulose decomposing activity, morphological, physiological, and antagonistic properties were determined. pasteurization of the material taken from colonies grown on cellulose is recommended for isolation of pure cultures. | 1977 | 895557 |
| biotransformation of sisomicin to gentamicin c2b. | sisomicin was transformed to gentamicin c(2b) by micromonospora rhodorangea nrrl 5326. the mechanisms involved in the biotransformation are the 6'-n-methylation and the (4'-5')-reduction. the progression of the methylation was followed by the isotope technique, but the reduction reaction was not monitored. | 1977 | 907326 |
| biotransformation, a new approach to aminoglycoside biosynthesis: ii. gentamicin. | utilizing a paromamine-producing mutant of micromonospora purpurea blocked in the production of gentamicin, bioconversion of various minor gentamicin components into the gentamicin c complex was demonstrated. the compounds tested were structurally related to the gentamicin c's and are found as minor components in the gentamicin fermentation. based upon the bioconversions detected, a branched pathway for the biosynthesis of the gentamicin c components is proposed. | 1976 | 931800 |
| a new broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic, g-52, produced by micromonospora zionensis. | g-52 is a new broad spectrum aminoglycoside produced by a species of the genus micromonospora, micromonospora zionensis. it has been differentiated from other known related antibiotics by a variety of chemical and biological methods. its in vitro and in vivo spectrum of activity appears to be quite similar to that of verdamicin and gentamicin but is differentiated from them by its increased activity against 6'-n-acetylating strains. | 1976 | 956034 |
| the structure of antibiotic g-52, a new aminocyclitol-aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by micromonospora zionensis. | antibiotic g-52, a new aminocyclitol-aminoglycoside antibiotic produced in the fermentation of micromonospora zionensis, has been shown to be 6'-n-methylsisomicin on the basis of its spectral characteristics. this assignment was confirmed by synthesis of the antibiotic from sisomicin. | 1976 | 956035 |
| micromonospora-produced sisomicin components. | a sisomicin fermentation carried out in the presence of (methyl-14c)-l-methionine resulted in a crude mixture, composed of methyl-14c-labeled sisomicin as a major component; and two 4''-c-desmethylsisomicin (66-40b and 66-40d) isomer-like components, an unidentified component and a gentamicin a-like antibiotic as minor components. when (methyl-14c)-l-methionine was added in an early stage of the fermentation (24 hours), incorporation of methyl-14c-label into polar components (e.g., gentamicin a- ... | 1976 | 956052 |
| production of gentamicin antibiotics by micromonospora pupurea. | | 1976 | 992751 |
| studies on juvenimicin, a new antibiotic. i. taxonomy, fermentation and antimicrobial properties. | an actinomycete, strain no. t-1124, was found to produce new macrolide antibiotics, juvenimicins. based on the results of taxonomic studies, the strain was considered to be a new variety of micromonospora chalcea and the name micromonospora chalcea var. izumensis is proposed. this strain also produced everninomicin. the production of juvenimicins was stimulated by addition of ferrous sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the fermentation medium. among juvenimicins, juvenimicin a3 exhibited the most p ... | 1976 | 993103 |
| studies on juvenimicin, a new antibiotic. ii. isolation, chemical characterization and structures. | a series of new macrolide antibiotics was isolated from the culture filtrate of micromonospora chalcea var, izumensis. the fat-soluble basic complex consisted of eight components which were named juvenimicin a1 approximately a4 and b1 approximately b4. juvenimicin a3 was found to be identical with rosamicin and the structures of four of the other components (jvm a2, a4, b1 and b3) have been elucidated. juvenimicin a2 has a methyl group at position 6 instead of the formylmethyl group of juvenimic ... | 1976 | 993104 |
| biosynthesis of rosamicin. | | 1976 | 993140 |
| transaminations involving keto- and amino-inositols and glutamine in actinomycetes which produce gentamicin and neomycin. | | 1977 | 901497 |
| some properties and action of poly(glutamic acid) hydrolase ii from micromonospora melanosporea ifo 12515. | | 1990 | 1369992 |
| [isolation of soil actinomycetes on selective media with novobiocin]. | | 1976 | 999260 |
| [pleiotropic effect of the mutation of streptomycin resistance in micromonospora purpurea var. violacea]. | variation of different features of populations of streptomycin-sensitive and streptomycin-resistant forms of m. purpurea var. violacea, an organism producing gentamicin was studied. the population of the initial streptomycin-sensitive culture was characterized by high homogeneity with respect to the cultural, morphological and some physiological properties. the variation of the features, such as the colony size, pigment formation, auxotrophic mutations, antibiotic production significantly increa ... | 1976 | 1020938 |
| transcriptional mapping of the promoter of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene (aacc9) of neomycin-producing micromonospora chalcea. | we have studied the promoter of the gene encoding aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aacc9) in neomycin-producing micromonospora chalcea. s1 nuclease mapping showed that the transcription initiation point of this gene is at the translation start point, with no evidence of a conventional ribosome-binding site. the aac of paromycin-producing streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus shows the same characteristic; there is no homology in the promoter regions of the two genes, whereas the coding seque ... | 1992 | 1410789 |
| the gentamicin antibiotics. 6. gentamicin c2b, an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by micromonospora purpurea mutant ji-33. | a mutant strain of micromonospora purpurea, designated var. ji-33, produced an antibiotic complex consisting primarily of gentamicin c1a. a further product of this fermentation was identical to a very minor component isolated from the fermentation of the parent organism and named gentamicin c2b. physical measurements indicated its structure to be 6'-n-methylgentamicin c1a and this was confirmed by synthesis from gentamicin c1a. the in vitro antibacterial activity of gentamicin c2b was very simil ... | 1975 | 1092638 |
| antifungal anthracycline antibiotics, spartanamicins a and b from micromonospora spp. | spartanamicins a and b, two antifungal antibiotics, were produced by a culture of micromonospora spp. strain no. msu-43097 (atcc 53803), isolated from a potted soil containing asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) plants. the antibiotics were isolated from the mycelial cake using organic solvents. the structures of spartanamicins a and b were determined by spectral and chemical means. spartanamicin b is more active as an antifungal compound than it's analogue, a. the minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 1992 | 1468980 |
| incorporation of l-methionine-methyl-14-c into gentamicins. iii. chromatographic separation and degradation of components of methyl-34-c-gentamicin complex. | | 1975 | 1112769 |
| production of antibiotics by biotransformation of 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone and 2,4/3,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanone by a deoxystreptamine-negative mutant of micromonospora purpurea. | | 1977 | 830685 |
| cloning and analysis of a gene (sms13) encoding sannamycin b-glycyltransferase from streptomyces sannanensis and its distribution among actinomycetes. | a gene encoding sannamycin b-glycyltransferase (sms13) of streptomyces sannanensis ifo 14239 was identified by cloning and complementation of s. sannanensis mutant sn13 which is blocked at the interconversion of sannamycins b and a. the cloned dna fragment also permitted the conversion of fortimicin b to a both in s. sannanensis sn13 and streptomyces lividans tk23. dna sequences similar to sms13 were detected in all five producers of the fortimicin-group antibiotics, micromonospora olivasterospo ... | 1992 | 1517162 |
| mutational biosynthesis by idiotrophs of micromonospora purpurea. ii. conversion of non-amino containing cyclitols to aminoglycoside antibiotics. | a mutant of micromonospora purpurea, which produces the gentamicin complex only when 2-deoxystreptamine is added to the fermentation medium, produces a new antibiotic complex, 2-hydroxygentamicin, when streptamine or 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone is added to the fermentation medium. this mutant also produces the gentamicin complex when 2,4/3,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanone is added to the fermentation medium. the c1 and c2 components of 2-hydroxygentamicin have broad spectrum in vitro antibact ... | 1977 | 838635 |
| mycinamicins, new macrolide antibiotics. xiii. isolation and structures of novel fermentation products from micromonospora griseorubida (ferm bp-705). | novel 16-membered macrolide antibiotics, mycinamicins ix, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii and xviii have been isolated from the culture filtrate of micromonospora griseorubida (ferm bp-705). fermentation, isolation, structure determination and biosynthetic consideration of these mycinamicin analogs are described. | 1992 | 1548179 |
| [effect of cobalt on the growth of a micromonospora purpurea var. violacea 1935 culture and on the biosynthesis of gentamincin]. | the effect of cobalt on growth of micromonospora purpurea var. violacea 1935 and biosynthess of gentamicin in complex soy-bean meal or "synthetic" gelatin medium was studied. in optimal concentrations cobalt increased the activity level of the culture fluid almost 6 times in both media having practically no effect on the amount of the mycelium formed. addition of cobalt to the medium resulted in retardation of the organism growth and consumption of the nutrients. stimulation of gentamicin biosyn ... | 1977 | 848914 |
| letter: structure of everninomicin c. | | 1975 | 1184481 |
| carbon catabolite regulation of gentamicin formation. | the effect of utilizable carbon sources on the production of gentamicin by micromonospora purpurea has been studied. high d-glucose and d-xylose concentrations (40 mg/ml), exerted a strong and permanent negative action on antibiotic formation. on the other hand, similar concentrations of d-fructose, d-mannose, maltose and starch caused no effect. the glucose action is seen only if added during the logarithmic growth phase; moreover, the sugar needs to be metabolized to show its negative effect. | 1992 | 1592679 |
| chemical and structural differences in mycelial and regeneration walls of trichoderma viride. | when incubated in winge medium, protoplasts from trichoderma viride obtained by treatment with micromonospora chalcea or streptomyces venezuelae ra lytic systems first synthesized an aberrant wall, different from the normal one; it was aseptate, larger and irregular in size and length. they then regenerated a new wall, similar to the original one from which they were liberated. analysis showed that the wall polymers were mainly beta-(1-3) glucan, beta-(1-6) glucan and chitin in the normal walls, ... | 1975 | 1190957 |
| cell walls of a micromonospora strain (actinomycetales). iii. characterisation of a alpha-d-glucopyranosyl (1 leads to 6) -beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1 leads to 1 (6)) galactitol. | | 1975 | 1203325 |
| interaction between ornitocheyletia hallae smiley 1970 (acarina, cheyletiellidae) and micromonospora chalcea (foulerton 1905) orskov 1923 (streptomycetacea, actinomycetales) in the skin of pigeon. | | 1975 | 1211070 |
| [effect of the degree of dilution of the antibiotic fermentation broths on the filtration indices]. | dilution of the fermentation broths with water before the mycelium separation lowered the specific cake resistance. the effect of the dilution on the filtration duration was different and depended on the fermentation broth type. as for the erythromycin fermentation broth, the time of its filtration decreased after the dilution, while the filtration time of the fermentation broths of the other 2 antibiotic-producing organisms increased after the dilution. | 1975 | 1225211 |
| cell wall enzymatic lysis of the yeast form of pullularia pullulans and wall regeneration by protoplasts. | during the process of degradation of the cell wall of the yeast form of pullularia pullulans by the lytic system of micromonospora chalcea samples were withdrawn at different times and observed under phase contrast and electron microscope. the progressive lysis of the walls reveals a fibrillar component inside the apparently amorphous wall. freeze etched preparations of cells during the formation and regeneration of protoplasts show that the cellular membrane is split and this method allows the ... | 1975 | 1238071 |
| ultrastructure of rigid and lignified forage tissue degradation by a filamentous rumen microorganism. | a small (less than 1 mum)-filamentous, branching microorganism was observed in gram-stained smears of the rumen microflora and was found to degrade tissues in forage samples incubated in vitro and in vivo with rumen fluid and observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the microbe had prokaryotic cytoplasmic features and a gram-positive type of cell wall structure. round to oval bodies apparently attached to hyphae resembled the sporulation pattern reported for micromonospora. fil ... | 1976 | 1254551 |
| the effect of methylation inhibitors on citreamicin biosynthesis in micromonospora citrea. | when the citreamicin-producing organism micromonospora citrea nrrl 189351 was incubated in the presence of the methylation inhibitors sinefungin or aminopterin, biosynthesis of the zeta component was stimulated approximately 20 to 200-fold above the level normally produced. inhibition of a second methylation reaction, which is superficially very similar to the first, was not detected. other known methylation inhibitors failed to yield any change in the natural pattern of citreamicins produced. t ... | 1991 | 1761421 |
| mycinamicins, new macrolide antibiotics. xii. isolation and structural elucidation of mycinamicins x and xi. | | 1991 | 1761425 |
| micromonospora-produced gentamicin components. | after the chromatographic separation of [methyl-(14)c]gentamicin major (c) components from a large-scale radioactive fermentation (lee et al., 1974), [methyl-(14)c]gentamicin minor (polar) components (a, b, b(1), x(2), and g-418) were isolated from subsequent chromatography of the remaining antibiotic mixture. when l-[methyl-(14)c]methionine was added at the onset of biosynthesis of the gentamicin components, incorporation of label into the minor components preceded incorporation into the major ... | 1976 | 1259389 |
| [comparative evaluation of various bacterial growth inhibitors as selective agents for isolation of soil actinomyces]. | tobramycin and dioxidine sensitivity of 57 strains belonging to 14 actinomycetes genera was studied. the cultures of streptomyces were much more sensitive to tobramycin than the cultures of rare genera. the majority of the streptomyces cultures showed a high resistance to dioxidine (mic greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml). at the same time the majority of the cultures of rare genera were inhibited by low concentrations of dioxidine (no more than 50 micrograms/ml). for isolation of actinom ... | 1991 | 1805699 |
| a method for the biosynthetic preparation of (methyl-14c)rosamicin. | | 1976 | 1270370 |
| growth and product formation of actinomycetes cultivated at increased total pressure and oxygen partial pressure. | influence of pressure (p) and oxygen partial pressure (po2) on cultivation of various streptomyces spp. and micromonospora purpurea was examined in pressurized air-lift and stirred tank fermenters. the maximum po2 was 2100 mbar. growth and product formation of all cultures tested were markedly influenced by po2 higher than 1000 mbar. there is evidence that wild strains are more oxygen tolerant than production strains. at a certain po2 the metabolic activities of all cultures were inhibited. howe ... | 1990 | 1366540 |
| improved processes for the production and isolation of dynemicin a and large-scale fermentation in a 10,000-liter fermentor. | supplementing the culture of micromonospora chersina sp. nov. no. m956-1 with nai (0.5 mg/l) enhanced the production of dynemicin a by 35-fold in shake flask culture. homogeneous dynemicin a was obtained from the whole broth extract by dicalite chromatography, sephadex lh-20 chromatography and vacuum liquid chromatography. gram quantities of dynemicin a were obtained from the fermentation of m. chersina sp. nov. no. m956-1 in a 10,000-liter fermentor. | 1992 | 1369016 |
| characterization of a temperate actinophage, mpphiwr-1, capable of infecting micromonospora purpurea atcc 15835. | a temperate actinophage was isolated from soil using the gentamicin-producing microorganism, micromonospora purpurea atcc 15835 as host. the characterization of the phage represents the initial step in its development as a cloning vector. the phage isolated, mpphiwr-1, formed red- to purple-pigmented turbid plaques. cells isolated from these plaques were resistant to superinfection with lytic mutants of mpphiwr-1. southern blots of genomic dna from a resistant culture showed that mpphiwr-1 integ ... | 1990 | 1369272 |
| trehazolin, a new trehalase inhibitor. | | 1991 | 1955399 |
| cloning and characterization of gentamicin-resistance genes from micromonospora purpurea and micromonospora rosea. | aminoglycoside-resistance genes (grm) were cloned from a gentamicin producer micromonospora purpurea and a sisomicin producer micromonospora rosea. the nucleotide (nt) sequences of both genes were determined and the similarity between them was very high (90.4% identity). in either case, the transcription start point was localised to about 11 nt upstream from the likely translation start codons of grm, which is expressed as a polycistronic transcript. in studies to be reported elsewhere, it has b ... | 1991 | 2013410 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the micromonospora viridifaciens neuraminidase gene in streptomyces lividans. | we have cloned the micromonospora viridifaciens neuraminidase (ec 3.2.1.18) gene (neda) in streptomyces lividans. this was accomplished by using the vector pij702 and bglii-bcli libraries of m. viridifaciens chromosomal inserts created in s. lividans. the libraries were screened for the expression of neuraminidase by monitoring the cleavage of the fluorogenic neuraminidase substrate 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-d-n-acetyl-neuraminic acid. positive clones (bg6, bg7, bc4, and bc8) contained the ... | 1992 | 1400240 |
| organization and nature of fortimicin a (astromicin) biosynthetic genes studied using a cosmid library of micromonospora olivasterospora dna. | the cloning of five dna segments carrying at least seven genes (fms1, fms3, fms4, fms5, fms7, fms11, and fms12) that participate in fortimicin a (astromicin) biosynthesis was described previously. these dna fragments were used to screen a cosmid library of genomic dna in order to examine if these biosynthetic genes are clustered in micromonospora olivasterospora. one cosmid clone (pglm990) was obtained, which hybridized to all the probes. complementation analysis, using mutants blocked at variou ... | 1992 | 1494349 |
| n-formimidoyl fortimicin a synthase, a unique oxidase involved in fortimicin a biosynthesis: purification, characterization and gene cloning. | micromonospora olivasterospora, a fortimicin a (ftm a, astromicin) producer, was found to carry an enzyme that converts ftm a to n-formimidoyl ftm a (fi-ftm a). this enzyme (fi-ftmase) was purified to homogeneity and shown to be a flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) enzyme. tracer experiments proved that the formimidoyl group was derived from c-2 of glycine via oxidation of the amino acid in the presence of ftm a and oxygen. the gene encoding this enzyme, fms 14, was cloned using a 26-mer oligonuc ... | 1992 | 1494350 |
| fine structure of sporogenesis and septum formation in micromonospora globosa kriss and m. fusca jensen. | sporogenesis in two species of micromonospora m. globosa and m. fusca (actinomycetes) was quite similar. as in fungi, spore formation began as a blowing-out of a hyphal tip with the subsequent centripetal invagination of the plasma membrane. septal wall material was deposited in a typical three-layered pattern, i.e., two electron-opaque layers separated by an electron-transparent layer. a second electron-opaque wall layer was later formed within the spore and finally a third, less electron-op ... | 1975 | 1148943 |
| biotransformation, a new approach to aminoglycoside biosynthesis. i. sisomicin. | utilizing a mutant of micromonospora inyoensis which requires the addition of 2-deoxystreptamine for sisomicin production, the bioconversion of 2-deoxstreptamine containing pseudodisaccharides and pseudotrisaccharides into sisomicin was demonstrated. the trisaccharides tested were structurally related minor components found in the sisomicin or gentamicin fermentations. based upon the specificity of the structural configuration of those compounds which were converted to sisomicin versus those whi ... | 1975 | 1158782 |
| structures of the aminoglycoside antibiotics 66-40b and 66-40d produced by micromonospora inyoensis. | | 1975 | 1170207 |