| [microorganisms of the genus nocardia and the "rhodochrous" group in the soils of the ukrainian ssr]. | nocardioform bacteria characterized by the iv type of the cell wall and by lipid lcn-a are widely distributed in various soils of the ukrainian ssr. the acetamidase-negative forms of nocardia asteroides were found in 24.4% of soil samples, and the acetamidase-positive forms of this organism, in 4% of soil samples. the "rhodochrous" group was most often represented by the species n. erythropolis and n. rubropertincta, and less often, by nocardia (rhodococcus) rhodochrous, n. opaca and n. flava. t ... | 1978 | 713879 |
| the actinomycete-genus rhodococcus: a home for the "rhodochrous" complex. | a numerical taxonomic classification study was carried out on 177 strains representing the "rhodochrous" complex and the genera gordona, mycobacterium and nocardia. the strains were examined for 92 unit characters and the data were analysed by computer. three clusters were defined at the 75 to 80% similarity level. the first was a heterogeneous cluster corresponding to the "rhodochrous" taxon whereas the other two contained mycobacterium and nocardia strains respectively. the good correlation be ... | 1977 | 874450 |
| molecular weight determination of methyl esters of mycolic acids using thermospray mass spectrometry. | methyl esters of normal fatty acids, corynomycolate and corynomycolenate were used as model compounds for thermospray mass spectrometric procedures for molecular weight determination of the related nocardial mycolic acids. by using ammonium acetate at the positive ion generator, in both cases, a family of ions was produced. the following members were found and corresponded to the adducts: (1) m + h; m + nh4 and m + h + nh4 for methyl esters of normal fatty acids, whereas m + h, m + 2h and m + h ... | 1992 | 1486659 |
| time course dependent changes in contents and physical properties of glycolipid species in rhodococcus rhodochrous. | the yield of trehalose dimycolate (tdm), the major glycolipid species elaborated by rhodococcus rhodochrous, a producer of approx. c40-mycolic acid, was not constant in cells cultured for different periods of time. from cells collected at 24, 36, 72, 144 and 172 h of cultivation the following percentages of tdm in diethyl ether soluble lipids (desl) were found: 10.8%, 23.4%, 10.0%, 9.0% and 5.0%, respectively. in turn, the cellular content accounted for approx. 0.6%, 1.2%, 0.9%, 0.6% and 0.2%, r ... | 1991 | 1804566 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression in escherichia coli of two cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase genes from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. | rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 produces two kinds of cobalt-containing nitrile hydratases (nhases); one is a high molecular mass-nhase (h-nhase) and the other is a low molecular mass-nhase (l-nhase). both nhases are composed of two subunits of different sizes (alpha and beta subunits). the h- and l-nhase genes were cloned into escherichia coli by a dna-probing method using the nhase gene of rhodococcus sp. n-774, a ferric ion-containing nhase producing strain, as the hybridization probe and their nu ... | 1991 | 1840499 |
| characterization of rrh4273i, a restriction-modification system of rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 4273 (nocardia corallina) which recognizes the same sequence as the streptomyces albus g sali restriction-modification system. | rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 4275 (nocardia corallina) has a restriction-modification system with the same recognition sequence, methylation site and cleavage site as the sali restriction-modification system. both the restriction endonuclease and the dna-methyltransferase (dna-mtase) have been partially purified and characterized. the nuclease has requirements of activity similar to sali, and a native mr of about 46,000. the dna-mtase is a protein with an mr of about 67,000. no dna homology was ... | 1991 | 1919505 |
| use of partially purified 54-kilodalton antigen for diagnosis of nocardiosis by western blot (immunoblot) assay. | a western blot (immunoblot) assay is presented for the diagnosis of nocardiosis with a specific immunodominant 54-kilodalton (kda) antigen purified from a culture filtrate of nocardia asteroides by immunoaffinity chromatography. the chromatography column was prepared with immunoglobulin g obtained from sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy. unbound solutes consisted of specific, partially purified n. asteroides antigens, primarily a 54-kda band, accompanied by two others of 31 and 62 kda. ... | 1990 | 2179262 |
| purification and characterization of a novel nitrilase of rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 that acts on aliphatic nitriles. | a novel nitrilase that preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of aliphatic nitriles to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia was found in the cells of a facultative crotononitrile-utilizing actinomycete isolated from soil. the strain was taxonomically studied and identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous. the nitrilase was purified, with 9.08% overall recovery, through five steps from a cell extract of the stain. after the last step, the purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous, as judge ... | 1990 | 2394676 |
| isolation of rhodococcus rhodochrous from a chronic corneal ulcer. | organisms belonging to rhodococcus species have been isolated as the causative agent of infections in many animals and humans. the majority of the human infections so far reported have been limited to immunocompromised patients including aids patients. we report an elderly woman with a chronic corneal ulcer infected with rhodococcus. to our knowledge there is no previous report on a rhodococcus infection of the eye. rarity of this type of infection by rhodococcus in a locally immunocompromised s ... | 1988 | 3229096 |
| ribosomal ribonucleic acid similarities in the classification of rhodococcus and related taxa. | duplexes were prepared between 14c-labelled rrna from both rhodococcus equi c7 and rhodococcus rhodochrous n54 and dna from 16 actinomycetes representing the genera rhodococcus, mycobacterium, nocardia, saccharopolyspora and streptomyces. the relationships between the organisms were determined by plotting the temperature at which 50% of the duplex was denatured (tm(e)) against the percentage of rrna binding (microgram 14c-labelled rrna duplexed per 100 micrograms filter-bound dna). all of the st ... | 1980 | 6160195 |
| isonicotinic acid hydrazide induced changes and inhibition in mycolic acid synthesis in nocardia and related taxa. | the mycolic acid compositions of nocardia rubra and related bacteria grown in media containing different concentrations of antituberculous isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh) were determined in detail by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. on the basis of molecular species composition, average carbon numbers of mycolic acids were calculated. in nocardia rubra, n. lutea and rhodococcus rhodochrous ifo-13161, the ratio of mycolic to non-mycolic fatty acids and the average carbon numbers of mycolic ... | 1984 | 6428369 |
| plasmid prtl1 controlling 1-chloroalkane degradation by rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064. | rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064 can dehalogenate and use a wide range of 1-haloalkanes as sole carbon and energy source. the 1-chloroalkane degradation phenotype may be lost by cells spontaneously or after treatment with mitomycin c. two laboratory derivatives of the original strain exhibited differing degrees of stability of the chloroalkane degradation marker. plasmids of approximately 100 kbp (prtl1) and 80 kbp (prtl2) have been found in r. rhodochrous ncimb13064. prtl1 was shown to be car ... | 1995 | 7568468 |
| aliphatic nitrilase from a soil-isolated comamonas testosteroni sp.: gene cloning and overexpression, purification and primary structure. | an aliphatic nitrilase, active on adiponitrile and cyanovaleric acid, was identified and purified from comamonas testosteroni sp. (ct). oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were designed from limited amino acid (aa) sequence information and used to clone the corresponding gene, named nita. high homologies were found at the aa level between ct nitrilase and the sequences of known nitrilases. multi-alignment of sequenced nitrilases suggests that cys163 of ct plays an essential role in the active site. ... | 1995 | 7642130 |
| brevibacterium linens pbl33 and rhodococcus rhodochrous prc1 cryptic plasmids replicate in rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312). | the replication of two cryptic plasmids from brevibacterium linens atcc 9174 (pbl33) and rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 4276 (prc1) was investigated in rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312). the recombinant plasmids psp33 (pbl33 derivative) and pspc1 (prc1 derivative) were found to be suitable for establishing new host-vector systems for rhodococcus sp. r312. they all carry the tn903 neomycin-resistance-encoding gene (aphi). | 1995 | 7867954 |
| bacteria and pesticides: a new aspect of interaction--involvement of a new biofactor. | positively charged hydrophobic pesticides of the dipyridyl family [diquat, paraquat, benzylviologen (bv++), etc.] were shown to provoke accumulation of 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-2,4- cyclopyrophosphate in the cells corynebacterium (brevibacterium) ammoniagenes while neutral dipyridyls were not. hydrophobicity was also an important factor in this phenomenon. of the other pesticides tested, only linuron was effective. bv++ also induced biosynthesis of the compound in rhodococcus rhodochrous, ... | 1994 | 7916959 |
| bacterial oxidation of propane. | the bacterial metabolism of propane and the pathway(s) involved are poorly understood, as the relative importance of terminal versus subterminal oxidation of propane, via propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol, respectively, is still unclear. in the case of bacteria, the ability to oxidize propane appears to be confined mainly to the gram-positive corynebacterium - nocardia - mycobacterium - rhodococcus complex. studies on propane oxidation have been hampered by a lack of firm enzymological data; for examp ... | 1994 | 7958761 |
| metabolism of styrene by rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13259. | rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13259 grows on styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and benzene as sole carbon sources. simultaneous induction tests with cells grown on styrene or toluene showed high rates of oxygen consumption with toluene cis-glycol and 3-methylcatechol, suggesting the involvement of a cis-glycol pathway. 3-vinylcatechol accumulated when intact cells were incubated with styrene in the presence of 3-fluorocatechol to inhibit catechol dioxygenase activity. experiments with 18o2 showed ... | 1994 | 8017910 |
| the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene of rhodococcus rhodochrous ctm: nucleotide sequence, comparison with isofunctional dioxygenases and evidence for an active-site histidine. | in cell-free extracts of escherichia coli clones harbouring the 3.5 kb bg/ii fragment of plasmid ptc1 from rhodococcus rhodochrous ctm a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23o) accepting both 3-methylcatechol and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl as substrates could be detected. the plasmid-encoded gene for c23o of r. rhodochrous ctm and its flanking regions were sequenced. in front of the gene a sequence resembling an e. coli promoter was identified, which led to constitutive expression of the cloned gene in e. co ... | 1994 | 8180697 |
| nicotinoprotein [nad(p)-containing] alcohol/aldehyde oxidoreductases. purification and characterization of a novel type from amycolatopsis methanolica. | extracts of gram-positive bacteria like rhodococcus rhodochrous, rhodococcus erythropolis and amycolatopsis methanolica, but not those of several gram-negative ones, showed dehydrogenase activity for ethanol as well as for methanol when 4-nitroso-n,n-dimethylaniline (ndma) was used as electron acceptor. chromatography of extracts of the first two organisms revealed one activity for both substrates, that of a. methanolica two activities, one of which is able to oxidize methanol and has been purif ... | 1993 | 8385013 |
| characterization of the genome of the rhodococcus rhodochrous bacteriophage njl. | temperate bacteriophage njl of rhodococcus rhodochrous has a 49-kb linear double-stranded dna with cohesive ends (cos). njl dna has unique target sites for hindiii and sspi, two target sites each for nhei and scai, and no cleavage site for axyi, drai, ecori, saci, and sphi. the single-stranded regions of cos ends were ligated to each other with t4 dna ligase, removed with mung bean nuclease, or blunted with the klenow large fragment of dna polymerase i; then the sequences of the cos ends were de ... | 1993 | 8439171 |
| microbial desulfurization of dibenzothiophene: a sulfur-specific pathway. | rhodococcus rhodochrous strain igts8 metabolizes dibenzothiophene, a model compound for organic sulfur in fossil fuels, in a sulfur-specific manner. two routes of desulfurization have been identified. under growth conditions, the intermediates are dibenzothiophene sulfoxide, dibenzothiophene sulfone, 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfonate, and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl. stationary phase cells produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl as the desulfurized product and use the 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate, rather than the s ... | 1993 | 8467997 |
| effect of penicillin g on the electroporation of rhodococcus rhodochrous cf222. | suitable conditions for the introduction of bacteriophage dna into cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous cf222 by electroporation were established, and penicillin g was found to enhance the transfection frequency. when conditions optimal for the parental strain were applied to its colony-morphological mutants, different transfection frequencies were observed. penicillin g enhanced the transfection frequency of smooth and mucoidal mutants but not of rough mutants. | 1996 | 8588890 |
| transcriptional regulation of the rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 nita gene encoding a nitrilase. | the 1.4-kb downstream region from a nitrilase gene (nita) of an actinomycete rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, which is industrially in use, was found to be required for the isovaleronitrile-dependent induction of nitrilase synthesis in experiments using a rhodococcus-escherichia coli shuttle vector pk4 in a rhodococcus strain. sequence analysis of the 1.4-kb region revealed the existence of an open reading frame (nitr) of 957 bp, which would encode a protein with a molecular mass of 35,100. deletion ... | 1996 | 8855219 |
| isolation of rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064 derivatives with new biodegradative abilities. | rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064 can dehalogenate and utilise a number of halogenated aliphatic compounds as sole carbon and energy source. mutants of ncimb13064 can be easily isolated with an enlarged range of 1-chloroalkane utilising ability. dehalogenation of 1-chlorononane, 1-chlorodecane and short-chain 1-chloroalkanes (c3-c8) is encoded by the same plasmid prtl1. however, a different genetic element(s) is required for the dehalogenation of 3-chloropropionic acid. two derivatives (p200 an ... | 1996 | 8961560 |
| a novel transporter involved in cobalt uptake. | cobalt is an essential component of a low molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (l-nhase) from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. we have found a new gene, nhlf, in the dna region sandwiched between nhlba encoding l-nhase and amda encoding amidase, which are involved in the degradation of nitriles. the product of nhlf, nhlf, shows a significant sequence similarity with those of hoxn from alcaligenes eutrophus, hupn from bradyrhizobium japonicum, nixa from helicobacter pylori, and ureh from bacillus sp., whi ... | 1997 | 8990157 |
| the plasmid-located haloalkane dehalogenase gene from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064. | the haloalkane dehalogenase (dhaa) gene from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064 was cloned and sequenced. its comparison with the previously studied dhla gene from xanthobacter autotrophicus gj10 did not show homology. however, the amino acid sequences of the products of these genes showed approximately 30% identity and several of the catalytic amino acid residues were conserved in the ncimb 13,064 dehalogenase. a high level of dhaa expression was demonstrated in escherichia coli cells and this ... | 1997 | 9025284 |
| a stereoselective cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase. | nitrile hydratase from pseudomonas putida nrrl-18668 has been purified and characterized. the purified enzyme catalyzes the hydration of 2(s)-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile at least fifty times faster than that of 2(r)-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile. this enzyme is a member of the class of nitrile hydratase that contains cobalt. visible absorption and cd spectra suggest the cobalt exists as a non-corrin low-spin co3+ ion in a tetragonally-distorted octahedral ligand field. chem ... | 1997 | 9154927 |
| preparation of 3-ketodesogestrel metabolites by microbial transformation and chemical synthesis. | specific microbial reactions were used for the preparation of metabolites of 3-ketodesogestrel (13-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, the active from of the progestagen desogestrel. clostridium paraputrificum transformed 3-ketodesogestrel (kdg) to the 5 beta-dihydro and tetrahydro metabolites 13-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-5 beta, 17 alpha-pregnan-20-yn-3-one and 13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-5 beta, 17 alpha-pregnan-20-yne-3 al ... | 1997 | 9178431 |
| cryptic plasmid pka22 isolated from the naphthalene degrading derivative of rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064. | cryptic plasmids were found in rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064 derivatives which had lost the ability to utilize short-chain 1-chloroalkanes (chain length c3-c10) and had acquired the ability to degrade naphthalene. the reversions of these derivatives to the original phenotype were accompanied by the loss of the cryptic plasmids. the 4969-bp pka22 plasmid was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. this plasmid encodes a putative 33,200-da protein which contains motifs typical of theta repl ... | 1997 | 9281496 |
| purification and characterization of cytochrome p450rr1 from rhodococcus rhodochrous. | a soluble cytochrome p450 whose synthesis is induced by and that binds 2-ethoxyphenol was purified to apparent homogeneity from rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 116. the enzyme had a subunit molecular mass of 44.5 kda as determined by sds/page and a pi of 5.2. the electronic absorption spectrum indicates that the native cytochrome in the absence of substrate is predominantly in the low-spin state (13% high-spin state in 50 mm mops, ph 7.0 25 degrees c). 2-methoxyphenol binds to the cytochrome with ... | 1993 | 8477696 |
| two independently regulated cytochromes p-450 in a rhodococcus rhodochrous strain that degrades 2-ethoxyphenol and 4-methoxybenzoate. | a red-pigmented coryneform bacterium, identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 116, that grew on 2-ethoxyphenol and 4-methoxybenzoate as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated. phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rdna sequences indicates that the strain clusters more closely to other rhodococci than to other gram-positive organisms with a high g + c content. each of the abovementioned growth substrates was shown to induce a distinct cytochrome p-450: cytochrome p-450rr1 was induced b ... | 1993 | 8444808 |
| biodegradation of the gasoline oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and tert-amyl methyl ether by propane-oxidizing bacteria. | several propane-oxidizing bacteria were tested for their ability to degrade gasoline oxygenates, including methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe), ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe), and tert-amyl methyl ether (tame). both a laboratory strain and natural isolates were able to degrade each compound after growth on propane. when propane-grown strain env425 was incubated with 20 mg of uniformly labeled [14c]mtbe per liter, the strain converted > 60% of the added mtbe to 14co2 in < 30 h. the initial oxidation of ... | 1997 | 9361407 |
| chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of 3-o-benzoyl methyl ester derivatives of mycolic acid fractions from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, c. diphtheriae and rhodococcus rhodochrous. | a benzoyl group was attached to the 3-hydroxyl group of the methyl ester derivative of corynomycolic acid fraction isolated from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. the infrared spectrum of the 3-o-benzoylated compound displayed a series of characteristic absorptions found at 1110, 1267 and 1603 cm-1 that confirmed the presence of a monosubstituted phenyl grouping. the 1h-nmr spectrum showed peaks representing protons of the aromatic ring at 7.4 ppm and 8.0 ppm. the uv spectrum revealed two abso ... | 1993 | 8358854 |
| cloning and expression of a gene from streptomyces scabies encoding a putative pathogenicity factor. | we cloned a 9.4-kb dna fragment from streptomyces scabies atcc 41973 that allows the nonpathogen streptomyces lividans 66 tk24 to necrotize and colonize potato tuber slices and produce scab-like symptoms on potato minitubers. deletion analysis demonstrated that activity was conferred by a 1.6-kb dna region. sequence analysis of a 2.4-kb dna fragment spanning the dna region necessary for activity revealed three open reading frames (orfs). the deduced amino acid sequence of orf1, designated orftnp ... | 1997 | 9401037 |
| spectroscopic characterization of a newly isolated cytochrome p450 from rhodococcus rhodochrous. | cytochrome p450 (p450) from rhodococcus rhodochrous have been characterized through circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, both in the substrate-free and substrate-bound forms. the data are compared with those of p450cam and indicate a close similarity of the structure of the active site in the two proteins. the substrate-free species contains low-spin iron(iii), while the 2-ethoxyphenol bound species contains high-spin iron(iii). the substrate is in slow exchange ... | 1993 | 8218905 |
| haloalkane degradation and assimilation by rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064. | the bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064, isolated from an industrial site, could use a wide range of 1-haloalkanes as sole carbon source but apparently utilized several different mechanisms simultaneously for assimilation of substrate. catabolism of 1-chlorobutane occurred mainly by attack at the c-1 atom by a hydrolytic dehalogenase with the formation of butanol which was metabolized via butyric acid. the detection of small amounts of gamma-butyrolactone in the medium suggested that s ... | 1994 | 8081504 |
| amidase coupled with low-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. sequencing and expression of the gene and purification and characterization of the gene product. | the cloned 9.4-kb insert of plasmid pnhj20l containing low-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (l-nhase) gene from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 [kobayashi, m. et al. (1991) biochim. biophys. acta 1129, 23-33] was digested with various restriction enzymes, and the trimmed fragments were inserted into puc18 or puc19. a 1.96-kb ecori-sphi region located 1.9-kb downstream of the l-nhase gene was found to be essential for the expression of amidase activity in escherichia coli; the gene arrangement of the ... | 1993 | 7916690 |
| cloning and expression of a gene encoding cyanidase from pseudomonas stutzeri ak61. | the gene coding for cyanidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyanide to formate and ammonia, was cloned from chromosomal dna of pseudomonas stutzeri ak61 into escherichia coli. the cyanidase gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1004 bp, and it was predicted that cyanidase was composed of 334 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 37,518 da. the amino acid sequence of cyanidase showed a 35.1% and 26.4% homology to aliphatic nitrilase from rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 and cyanide ... | 1998 | 9720205 |
| key enzymes for the degradation of benzoate, m- and p-hydroxybenzoate by some members of the order actinomycetales. | a preliminary screening of numerous species of the order actinomycetales, especially of the genera mycobacterium, nocardia, rhodococcus, pseudonocardia, and streptomyces, showed that many of them are able to metabolize benzoate (b) and p-hydroxybenzoate (phb) as indicated by growth and change of color of the ph-indicator of an agar medium. subsequent experiments with liquid cultures which allowed the analysis of substrate utilization by thin layer chromatography confirmed these results. the stud ... | 1998 | 9726125 |
| dietzia, a new genus including dietzia maris comb. nov., formerly rhodococcus maris. | sequencing of the 16s ribosomal dnas (rdna) of two strains of rhodococcus maris was performed to determine the relationship of this species to other mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes. for this purpose we also determined the 16s rdna sequences for the type species of the genus rhodococcus, rhodococcus rhodochrous, and for mycobacterium chlorophenolicum (formerly rhodococcus chlorophenolicus), rhodococcus erythropolis, gordona bronchialis, and gordona terrae, for which only partial sequence da ... | 1995 | 7857805 |
| bacterial steroid monooxygenase catalyzing the baeyer-villiger oxidation of c21-ketosteroids from rhodococcus rhodochrous: the isolation and characterization. | steroid monooxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous, isolated in homogeneity with a high yield, catalyzes baeyer-villiger oxidation of progesterone to produce testosterone acetate with the stoichiometric consumptions of nadph and molecular oxygen. it is a flavoenzyme with the molecular size of 60 kda in the monomeric form and the isoelectric point of 4.9. the absorption spectrum has the maxima at 278, 376, and 439 nm and the shoulders at 360 and 465 nm, indicating a strong hypsochromic shift (blu ... | 1995 | 7669800 |
| fine structural studies of rhodococcus species. | fine structural aspects of rhodococcus rhodochrous and r. equi are described and illustrated by electron micrographs after staining of cells by a variety of electron cytochemical procedures. the cell contents of these actinomycetous bacteria were those of a typical prokaryotic cell and consistent with that observed for other species of the actinomycetales. fixation with either osmium tetroxide or permanganate indicated the presence of an electron opaque substance at the wall exterior of r. rhodo ... | 1983 | 6191182 |
| the modified beta-ketoadipate pathway in rhodococcus rhodochrous n75: enzymology of 3-methylmuconolactone metabolism. | rhodococcus rhodochrous n75 is able to metabolize 4-methylcatechol via a modified beta-ketoadipate pathway. this organism has been shown to activate 3-methylmuconolactone by the addition of coenzyme a (coa) prior to hydrolysis of the butenolide ring. a lactone-coa synthetase is induced by growth of r. rhodochrous n75 on p-toluate as a sole source of carbon. the enzyme has been purified 221-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chro ... | 1998 | 9852013 |
| occurrence of a cobalt-induced and cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase in rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. | the formation of nitrile hydratase required cobalt ions in rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. no other transition-metals could replace the cobalt ion. the rhodococcus nitrile hydratase was purified to homogeneity and found to contain a cobalt atom. the occurrence of a cobalt-induced and cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase, different from the nitrile hydratases in pseudomonas chlororaphis b23 and brevibacterium r312 containing a ferric ion in their active center, has been demonstrated here for the first ... | 1988 | 3421954 |
| metabolism of acetylene and acetaldehyde by rhodococcus rhodochrous. | we studied the ability of a soil bacterium, identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous, to grow on acetylene and to accumulate acetaldehyde. its maximum growth rate on acetylene was obtained at about 30 degrees c (mu = 0.11 h-1) and was independent of the concentration of this gas in air from 0.14 to 16% (v/v). during growth, acetylene was quantitatively transformed to acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetate, co2, and biomass in proportions which varied with culture age and temperature. growth was completely ... | 1988 | 3416237 |
| degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane by mycobacterium sp. strain gp1. | the newly isolated bacterial strain gp1 can utilize 1, 2-dibromoethane as the sole carbon and energy source. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the organism was identified as a member of the subgroup which contains the fast-growing mycobacteria. the first step in 1,2-dibromoethane metabolism is catalyzed by a hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenase. the resulting 2-bromoethanol is rapidly converted to ethylene oxide by a haloalcohol dehalogenase, in this way preventing the accumulation ... | 1999 | 10094681 |
| composition and toxicity of lipids from rhodococcus rhodochrous grown on medium containing galactose, glucose or mannose. | rhodococcus rhodochrous, a producer of mycolic acid of approx. c40, exhibited a higher cellular mass yield when grown on glucose than when grown on galactose or mannose. the cellular content of the diethyl ether-soluble lipids in microorganisms cultivated on glucose or mannose varied with the incubation time, while that of microorganisms grown on galactose remained constant. the lipids extracts from cells cultivated on different hexoses and collected at the exponential phase of growth were more ... | 1989 | 2775761 |
| nitrilase of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. purification and characterization. | nitrilase was purified from an extract of isovaleronitrile-induced cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 in seven steps. in the last step, the enzyme was crystallized by adding ammonium sulfate. the crystallized enzyme appeared to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, ampholyte electrofocusing and double immunodiffusion in agarose. the enzyme has a molecular mass of about 78 kda and consists of two subunits identical in molecular mass. the purified enzyme exhibits a ph optimum of 7.6 a ... | 1989 | 2737207 |
| steroid-1-dehydrogenases in nocardioform bacteria studied by electrophoresis and immuno blotting techniques. | fifteen noncardioform bacteria strains, capable of transforming steroid compounds were investigated with regard to their range of inducible steroid-1-dehydrogenase (st1dh)1 activities. the st1dhs of these bacteria were compared due to their immuno reactivity in western blot experiments with a rabbit antiserum raised against the purified st1dh of rhodococcus rhodochrous 7030. four strains exhibited a strong immuno reactivity, irrespective of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the enzy ... | 1990 | 2280346 |
| the alkene monooxygenase from xanthobacter strain py2 is closely related to aromatic monooxygenases and catalyzes aromatic monohydroxylation of benzene, toluene, and phenol. | the genes encoding the six polypeptide components of the alkene monooxygenase from xanthobacter strain py2 (xamo) have been located on a 4.9-kb fragment of chromosomal dna previously cloned in cosmid pny2. sequencing and analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences indicate that the components of xamo are homologous to those of the aromatic monooxygenases, toluene 2-, 3-, and 4-monooxygenase and benzene monooxygenase, and that the gene order is identical. the genes and predicted polypeptides a ... | 1999 | 10103255 |
| selective transport of divalent cations by transition metal permeases: the alcaligenes eutrophus hoxn and the rhodococcus rhodochrous nhlf. | nhlf and hoxn, the genes encoding a cobalt transporter of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 and a nickel permease of alcaligenes eutrophus h16, respectively, were expressed in escherichia coli. 57co2+ and 63ni2+ transport of the recombinants was examined by means of a previously described physiological assay. although the transporters are highly similar, different preferences for divalent transition metal cations were observed. hoxn was unable to transport 57co2+, but mediated 63ni2+ uptake. the latter ... | 1999 | 10201093 |
| characterization of is2112, a new insertion sequence from rhodococcus, and its relationship with mobile elements belonging to the is110 family. | a new insertion sequence (is2112) was identified in the genome of the 1-haloalkane-utilizing bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064. the insertion element is 1415 bp long, does not contain terminal inverted repeats, and is not flanked by directly repeated sequences. is2112 belongs to the is110 family of transposable elements, and forms a separate subfamily, along with is116. two copies of is2112 were found in r. rhodochrous ncimb 13064 and one, two or three copies of a similar sequence we ... | 1999 | 10217489 |
| evidence for an inducible nucleotide-dependent acetone carboxylase in rhodococcus rhodochrous b276. | the metabolism of acetone was investigated in the actinomycete rhodococcus rhodochrous (formerly nocardia corallina) b276. suspensions of acetone- and isopropanol-grown r. rhodochrous readily metabolized acetone. in contrast, r. rhodochrous cells cultured with glucose as the carbon source lacked the ability to metabolize acetone at the onset of the assay but gained the ability to do so in a time-dependent fashion. chloramphenicol and rifampin prevented the time-dependent increase in this activit ... | 1999 | 10217764 |
| nitrilase-catalyzed production of pyrazinoic acid, an antimycobacterial agent, from cyanopyrazine by resting cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. | using resting cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, in which a large amount of nitrilase is induced, a simple and efficient bioconversion process for the production of pyrazinoic acid, an antimycobacterial agent, through catalysis by a nitrilase was developed. the reaction conditions for production of pyrazinoic acid were optimized. under optimum conditions, 3.5 m cyanopyrazine was converted to pyrazinoic acid, with a molar conversion yield of 100%. the highest yield achieved corresponded to 434 ... | 1990 | 2258329 |
| isolation and primary characterization of an amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous. | amidase (ec 3.5.1.4) was purified to homogeneity from rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 using isopropanol fractionation and exchange chromatography on mono q. the isolated amidase consists of four identical subunits with molecular weight 42+/-2 kd. the activity of the enzyme is maximal at 55-60 degrees c and within the ph range 5-8. the amidase from r. rhodochrous m8 is highly sensitive to such sulfhydryl reagents as hg2+ and cu2+. chelators (edta and o-phenanthroline) and serine proteinase inhibitors ... | 1999 | 10231590 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of o-peracetylated derivatives of 1-monomycoloylglycerol isolated from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, rhodococcus rhodochrous and r. lentifragmentus. | 1-monomycoloylglycerols from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, rhodococcus rhodochrous and r. lentifragmentus were reacted with acetic acid ahydride in the presence of pyridine. on infrared spectra the reaction products showed a sharp characteristic absorption of the acetyl ester group at 1235 cm-1; the hydroxyl group absorption (3400 cm-1) was absent. o-peracetylated monomycoloylglycerols were analyzed by mass spectrometry under electron impact mode. the most common and representative peaks w ... | 1990 | 2225237 |
| characterization of a new cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase purified from urea-induced cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. | a new cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase was purified from extracts of urea-induced cells from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 in seven steps. at the last step, the enzyme was crystallized by adding ammonium sulfate. nitrile hydratase was a 500-530-kda protein composed of two different subunits (alpha subunit 26 kda, beta subunit 29 kda). the enzyme contained approximately 11-12 mol cobalt/mol enzyme. a concentrated solution of highly purified nitrile hydratase exhibited a broad absorption spectrum ... | 1991 | 2013281 |
| degradation of 2-methylaniline in rhodococcus rhodochrous: cloning and expression of two clustered catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes from strain ctm. | rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ctm degrades 2-methylaniline mainly via the meta-cleavage pathway. conversion of the metabolite 3-methylcatechol was catalysed by an mr 156,000 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23oi) comprising four identical subunits of mr 39,000. the corresponding gene was detected by using an oligonucleotide as a gene probe. this oligonucleotide was synthesized on the basis of a partial amino acid sequence obtained from the purified enzyme from r. rhodochrous. the structural gene of c ... | 1991 | 1955878 |
| degradation of 2-methylaniline and chlorinated isomers of 2-methylaniline by rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ctm. | rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ctm co-metabolized 2-methylaniline and some of its chlorinated isomers in the presence of ethanol as additional carbon source. degradation of 2-methylaniline proceeded via 3-methylcatechol, which was metabolized mainly by meta-cleavage. in the case of 3-chloro-2-methylaniline, however, only a small proportion (about 10%) was subjected to meta-cleavage; the chlorinated meta-cleavage product was accumulated in the culture fluid as a dead-end metabolite. in contrast, ... | 1991 | 1955877 |
| development of a host-vector system in a rhodococcus strain and its use for expression of the cloned nitrile hydratase gene cluster. | two different types of plasmid were isolated from strains of rhodococcus rhodochrous. two plasmids, of the same type but from different strains, were combined with escherichia coli plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance markers to develop e. coli-rhodococcus shuttle vectors. the ampicillin and kanamycin resistance markers served for selection in rhodococcus. electroporation was used to introduce recombinant plasmid dna into r. rhodochrous atcc 12674 at a frequency of 5 x 10(7) transformants per ... | 1992 | 1645124 |
| roles of horizontal gene transfer and gene integration in evolution of 1,3-dichloropropene- and 1,2-dibromoethane-degradative pathways. | the haloalkane-degrading bacteria rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064, pseudomonas pavonaceae 170, and mycobacterium sp. strain gp1 share a highly conserved haloalkane dehalogenase gene (dhaa). here, we describe the extent of the conserved dhaa segments in these three phylogenetically distinct bacteria and an analysis of their flanking sequences. the dhaa gene of the 1-chlorobutane-degrading strain ncimb13064 was found to reside within a 1-chlorobutane catabolic gene cluster, which also encodes a ... | 2000 | 10735862 |
| nitrile hydratase and amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous hydrolyze acrylic fibers and granular polyacrylonitriles. | rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 11216 produced nitrile hydratase (320 nkat mg of protein(-1)) and amidase activity (38.4 nkat mg of protein(-1)) when grown on a medium containing propionitrile. these enzymes were able to hydrolyze nitrile groups of both granular polyacrylonitriles (pan) and acrylic fibers. nitrile groups of pan40 (molecular mass, 40 kda) and pan190 (molecular mass, 190 kda) were converted into the corresponding carbonic acids to 1.8 and 1.0%, respectively. in contrast, surfacial n ... | 2000 | 10742253 |
| nitrilase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. sequencing and overexpression of the gene and identification of an essential cysteine residue. | the amino acid sequences of the nh2 terminus and internal peptide fragments of a rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 nitrilase were determined to prepare synthetic oligonucleotides as primers for the polymerase chain reaction. a 750-base dna fragment thus amplified was used as the probe to clone a 5.4-kilobase psti fragment coding for the whole nitrilase. the nitrilase gene modified in the sequence upstream from the presumed atg start codon was expressed to approximately 50% of the total soluble protein ... | 1992 | 1400390 |
| heterologous expression of bacterial epoxyalkane:coenzyme m transferase and inducible coenzyme m biosynthesis in xanthobacter strain py2 and rhodococcus rhodochrous b276. | coenzyme m (com) (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) biosynthesis is shown to be coordinately regulated with the expression of the enzymes of alkene and epoxide metabolism in the propylene-oxidizing bacteria xanthobacter strain py2 and rhodococcus rhodochrous strain b276. these results provide the first evidence for the involvement of com in propylene metabolism by r. rhodochrous and demonstrate for the first time the inducible nature of eubacterial com biosynthesis. | 2000 | 10762269 |
| primary structure of an aliphatic nitrile-degrading enzyme, aliphatic nitrilase, from rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 and expression of its gene and identification of its active site residue. | peptides obtained by cleavage of a rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 nitrilase, which acts on aliphatic nitriles such as acrylonitrile, crotonitrile, and glutaronitrile, have been sequenced. the data allowed the design of oligonucleotide probes which were used to clone a nitrilase encoding gene. plasmid pnk21, in which 2.05-kb sequence covering the region encoding the nitrilase was was placed under the control of the lac promoter, directed overproduction of enzymatically active nitrilase in response t ... | 1992 | 1390687 |
| a novel gene cluster including the rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 nhlba genes encoding a low molecular mass nitrile hydratase (l-nhase) induced by its reaction product. | the 3.5 kilobases (kb) of the 5'-upstream region from nhlba encoding a cobalt-containing low molecular mass nitrile hydratase (l-nhase) from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 was found to be required for the amide-dependent expression of nhlba in experiments using a rhodococcus transformation system. sequence analysis of the 3.5-kb fragment revealed the presence of two open reading frames (nhld and nhlc) in this fragment. nhld has similarity to regulators merr, cadc, and arsr. nhlc has similarity to th ... | 1996 | 8662959 |
| enzymatic dehalogenation of gas phase substrates with haloalkane dehalogenase. | haloalkane dehalogenase is an enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of short-chained (c(2)-c(8)) aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons to a corresponding primary alcohol. because of its broad substrate specificity for mono-, di-, and trisubstituted halogenated hydrocarbons and cofactor independence, haloalkane dehalogenases are attractive biocatalysts for gas-phase bioremediation of pollutant halogenated vapor emissions. a solid preparation of haloalkane dehalogenase from rhodococcus rhodochr ... | 2000 | 10861403 |
| propionicin sm1, a bacteriocin from propionibacterium jensenii df1: isolation and characterization of the protein and its gene. | we purified a bacteriocin from the cell-free supernatant of propionibacterium jensenii df1 isolated from swiss raw milk, and named it propionicin sm1. the heat-stable protein was strongly bactericidal against p. jensenii dsm20274. on the basis of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein, a degenerate oligonucleotide probe was designed to locate and clone the corresponding gene of p. jensenii df1. it hybridized exclusively with the df1l-resident plasmid plme106, but not with chr ... | 2000 | 10930068 |
| cloning and expression of the nitrile hydratase and amidase genes from bacillus sp. br449 into escherichia coli. | a moderate thermophile, bacillus sp. br449 was previously shown to exhibit a high level of nitrile hydratase (nhase) activity when growing on high levels of acrylonitrile at 55 degrees c. in this report, we describe the cloning of a 6.1 kb sali dna fragment encoding the nhase gene cluster of br449 into escherichia coli. nucleotide sequencing revealed six orfs encoding (in order), two unidentified putative proteins, amidase, nhase beta- and alpha-subunits and a small putative protein of 101 amino ... | 2000 | 10978771 |
| characterization of the gene cluster of high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (h-nhase) induced by its reaction product in rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. | the 4.6-kb region 5'-upstream from the gene encoding a cobalt-containing and amide-induced high molecular mass-nitrile hydratase (h-nhase) from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 was found to be required for the expression of the h-nhase gene with a host-vector system in a rhodococcus strain. sequence analysis has revealed that there are at least five open reading frames (h-orf1 approximately 5) in addition to h-nhase alpha- and beta-subunit genes. deletion of h-orf1 and h-orf2 resulted in decrease of n ... | 1996 | 8633053 |
| relationships between colony morphotypes and oil tolerance in rhodococcus rhodochrous. | a mucoidal strain of rhodococcus rhodochrous was resistant to 10% (vol/vol) n-hexadecane, while its rough derivatives were sensitive. when the extracellular polysaccharide (eps) produced by the mucoidal strain was added to cultures of the rough strains, the rough strains gained resistance to n-hexadecane. thus, eps confer tolerance to n-hexadecane in members of the genus rhodococcus. | 2000 | 11055965 |
| rhodococcus pyridinivorans sp. nov., a pyridine-degrading bacterium. | the taxonomic position of a bacterial strain (pdb9t) that is capable of degrading pyridine was clarified by a polyphasic taxonomic approach using phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic methods. the cells, which are rods and branched filaments during the early growth phase, fragment into short rods or cocci, thereby completing the growth cycle. strain pdb9t was found to have a cell wall of chemotype iv, mk-8(h2) as the predominant menaquinone, mycolic acids with 36-46 carbon atoms and c16:0' c18: ... | 2000 | 11155994 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti nutrient-deprivation-induced tyrosine degradation gene hmga is controlled by a novel member of the arsr family of regulatory genes. | the regulation of the nutrient-deprivation-induced sinorhizobium meliloti homogentisate dioxygenase (hmga) gene, involved in tyrosine degradation, was examined. hmga expression was found to be independent of the canonical nitrogen regulation (ntr) system. to identify regulators of hmga, secondary mutagenesis of an s. meliloti strain harboring a hmga-luxab reporter gene fusion (n4) was carried out using transposon tn1721. two independent tn1721 insertions were found to be located in a positive re ... | 2001 | 11375175 |
| biosynthesis of a cyclic tautomer of (3-methylmaleyl)acetone from 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzoate by pseudomonas sp. hh35 but not by rhodococcus rhodochrous n75. | here we report that the bacterial catabolism of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1 takes a different course in rhodococcus rhodochrous n75 and pseudomonas sp. strain hh35. the former organism accumulates a degradation metabolite of the acid which we isolated and identified as 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone 2. the latter bacterial strain converts the acid and the hydroquinone into a dead-end metabolite. this novel compound was characterised unequivocally by mass spectrometry and 1h and 18c nmr and uv ... | 1997 | 9299478 |
| identification of active sites in amidase: evolutionary relationship between amide bond- and peptide bond-cleaving enzymes. | mainly based on various inhibitor studies previously performed, amidases came to be regarded as sulfhydryl enzymes. not completely satisfied with this generally accepted interpretation, we performed a series of site-directed mutagenesis studies on one particular amidase of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 that was involved in its nitrile metabolism. for these experiments, the recombinant amidase was produced as the inclusion body in escherichia coli to greatly facilitate its recovery and subsequent pu ... | 1997 | 9342349 |
| [isolation of nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 cells and determination of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of its subunits]. | nitrile hydratase was isolated and purified to homogeneity from cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous m8. this enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acrylic acid nitrile to acrylamide. nitrile hydratase content in the cell was shown to be 17% of total soluble protein. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 510 kda. the enzyme consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of 23.5 kda and 28.0 kda. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of these subunits were estimated. | 1997 | 9380650 |
| overexpression of high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 in recombinant rhodococcus cells. | high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (h-nhase, 530 kda) is a cobalt-containing enzyme produced by rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. for efficient production of h-nhase in r. rhodochrous atcc12674, several plasmids were constructed. the enzyme was produced in the recombinant rhodococcus cells only in the presence of an upstream region (approximately 4 kb) of the h-nhase gene under the control of the promoter for the amidase-nhase gene cluster from rhodococcus sp. n-774. although h-nhase was produced a ... | 1998 | 9650255 |
| purification and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13259 and cloning and sequencing of its cata gene. | a method was developed for the purification of catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13259 that had been grown in the presence of benzyl alcohol. the enzyme has very similar apparent km (1-2 microm) and vmax (13-19 units/mg of protein) values for the intradiol cleavage of catechol, 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol and it is optimally active at ph9. cross-linking studies indicate that the enzyme is a homodimer. it contains 0.6 atoms of fe per subunit. the enzyme was cr ... | 1998 | 9677336 |
| a new type of muconate cycloisomerase from rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 89. | muconate cycloisomerase (mci) was purified from rhodococcus rhodochrous 89 grown on phenol. the enzyme appears to contain two different type subunits with molecular masses 35.5 and 37 kd. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of both subunits showed more similarity to corresponding enzymes from gram-negative bacteria than to one from rhodococcus opacus 1cp. mci from r. rhodochrous 89, like analogous enzymes from gram-negative bacteria, can convert 2-chloromuconate (2-cm) with the formation of both, ... | 2001 | 11563954 |
| degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene by pseudomonas cichorii 170. | the gram-negative bacterium pseudomonas cichorii 170, isolated from soil that was repeatedly treated with the nematocide 1, 3-dichloropropene, could utilize low concentrations of 1, 3-dichloropropene as a sole carbon and energy source. strain 170 was also able to grow on 3-chloroallyl alcohol, 3-chloroacrylic acid, and several 1-halo-n-alkanes. this organism produced at least three different dehalogenases: a hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenase specific for haloalkanes and two 3-chloroacrylic acid ... | 1998 | 9687453 |
| extracellular polysaccharides of rhodococcus rhodochrous s-2 stimulate the degradation of aromatic components in crude oil by indigenous marine bacteria. | rhodococcus rhodochrous s-2 produces extracellular polysaccharides (s-2 eps) containing d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, and lipids, which is important to the tolerance of this strain to an aromatic fraction of (af) arabian light crude oil (n. iwabuchi, n. sunairi, h. anzai, m. nakajima, and s. harayama, appl. environ. microbiol. 66:5073-5077, 2000). in the present study, we examined the effects of s-2 eps on the growth of indigenous marine bacteria on af. indigenous bacteri ... | 2002 | 11976106 |
| [caged compounds]. | | 1998 | 9788202 |
| substrate specificity of nickel/cobalt permeases: insights from mutants altered in transmembrane domains i and ii. | hoxn, a high-affinity, nickel-specific permease of ralstonia eutropha h16, and nhlf, a nickel/cobalt permease of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, are structurally related members of the nickel/cobalt transporter (nicot) family. these transporters have an eight-helix structure and are characterized by highly conserved segments with polar or charged amino acid residues in transmembrane domains (tmds) ii, iii, v, and vi. two histidine residues in a ni2+ binding motif, the signature sequence of nicots, i ... | 2002 | 12057951 |
| 3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase of rhodococcus rhodochrous: sequencing of the genomic dna and hyperexpression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. | the gene encoding 3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous was cloned and sequenced. the gene (ksdd) consists of 1,536 nucleotides and encodes an enzyme protein of 511 amino acid residues. the amino terminal methionine residue was deleted in the mature protein. the amino acids involved in the flavin binding site are conserved in the dehydrogenase sequence. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that from arthrobacter simplex but less so to that from pseudo ... | 1998 | 9792929 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine degradation gene cluster from rhodococcus rhodochrous. | hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) is a high explosive which presents an environmental hazard as a major land and groundwater contaminant. rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 11y was isolated from explosive contaminated land and is capable of degrading rdx when provided as the sole source of nitrogen for growth. products of rdx degradation in resting-cell incubations were analyzed and found to include nitrite, formaldehyde, and formate. no ammonium was excreted into the medium, and no dead ... | 2002 | 12324318 |
| the catalytic mechanism of amidase also involves nitrile hydrolysis. | the amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, which hydrolyzes an amide to an acid and ammonium, was surprisingly found to catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of the c-n triple bond in a nitrile to form an acid and ammonium stoichiometrically. the amidase exhibited a km of 3.26 mm for benzonitrile in contrast to that of 0.15 mm for benzamide as the original substrate, but the vmax for benzonitrile was about 116000 of that for benzamide. a mutant amidase containing alanine instead of ser195, which is ... | 1998 | 9845347 |
| nitrilase catalyzes amide hydrolysis as well as nitrile hydrolysis. | while amides were reported to be completely inert as substrates for all nitrilases reported to date, the nitrilase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, which catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the c-n triple bond in nitrile to form acid and ammonium, was surprisingly found to catalyze hydrolysis of amide to acid and ammonium stoichiometrically. this nitrilase exhibited a km of 2.94 mm for benzamide, similar to that for benzonitrile as the original substrate (2.10 mm), but the vmax for benzamide wa ... | 1998 | 9918784 |
| hydrazide synthesis: novel substrate specificity of amidase. | the amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, which hydrolyses amide to acid and ammonia, was found to catalyze the synthesis of hydrazide using hydrazine as a substrate. this is the first report on the hydrazide synthesis through enzymatic reactions. the enzyme also acted on benzoic acid in the presence of hydrazine, yielding benzoic hydrazide. together with the finding that benzoic hydrazide was converted into benzoic acid (when it was used as a substrate in the absence of hydrazine), these uni ... | 1999 | 10079199 |
| qcrcab operon of a nocardia-form actinomycete rhodococcus rhodochrous encodes cytochrome reductase complex with diheme cytochrome cc subunit. | structural genes encoding quinol-cytochrome c reductase (qcr) were cloned and sequenced from nocardia-form actinomycete rhodococcus rhodochrous. qcrc and qcra encode diheme cytochrome cc and the rieske fe-s protein, respectively, while the qcrb product is a diheme cytochrome b. these amino acid sequences are similar to those of corynebacterium and mycobacterium, the members of high g+c content firmicutes. the presence of diheme cytochrome cc subunit as a sole c-type cytochrome in these organisms ... | 2003 | 12615356 |
| spatial and temporal analysis of the microbial community in slow sand filters used for treating horticultural irrigation water. | an experimental slow sand filter (ssf) was constructed to study the spatial and temporal structure of a bacterial community suppressive to an oomycete plant pathogen, phytophthora cryptogea. passage of water through the mature sand column resulted in complete removal of zoospores of the plant pathogen. to monitor global changes in the microbial community, bacterial and fungal numbers were estimated on selective media, direct viable counts of fungal spores were made, and the atp content was measu ... | 2003 | 12676691 |
| biodegradation of plasticizers by rhodococcus rhodochrous. | rhodococcus rhodochrous was grown in the presence of one of three plasticizers: bis 2-ethylhexyl adipate (beha), dioctyl phthalate (dop) or dioctyl terephthalate (dotp). none of the plasticizers were degraded unless another carbon source, such as hexadecane, was also present. when r. rhodochrous was grown with hexadecane as a co-substrate, beha was completely degraded and the dop was degraded slightly. about half of the dotp was degraded, if hexadecane were present. in all of these growth studie ... | 2002 | 12688586 |
| heterologous expression of alkene monooxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous b-276. | alkene monooxygenase (amo) from rhodococcus rhodochrous (formerly nocardia corallina) b-276 is a three-component enzyme system encoded by the four-gene operon amoabcd. amo catalyses the stereoselective epoxygenation of aliphatic alkenes, yielding primarily r enantiomers. the presumed site of alkene oxygenation is a dinuclear iron centre similar to that in the soluble methane monooxygenases of methanotrophic bacteria, to which amo exhibits a significant degree of amino acid sequence identity. the ... | 1999 | 10095780 |
| [fluorene cometabolism by rhodococcus rhodochrous and pseudomonas fluorescens]. | the transformation of fluorene by rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 172 grown on sucrose and pseudomonas fluorescens strain 26k grown on glycerol was studied as a function of the substrate concentration and the growth phase. under certain cultivation conditions, fluorene was completely consumed from the medium. the specific transformation rate of fluorene was considerably higher when it was transformed in the presence of the cosubstrates than when it served as the sole carbon source. an approach to ... | 2003 | 12751243 |
| steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of halopropane conversion by a rhodococcus haloalkane dehalogenase. | haloalkane dehalogenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064 (dhaa) catalyzes the hydrolysis of carbon-halogen bonds in a wide range of haloalkanes. we examined the steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of halopropane conversion by dhaa to illuminate mechanistic details of the dehalogenation pathway. steady-state kinetic analysis of dhaa with a range of halopropanes showed that bromopropanes had higher k(cat) and lower k(m) values than the chlorinated analogues. the kinetic mechanism of ... | 2003 | 12834356 |
| temperature effects and substrate interactions during the aerobic biotransformation of btex mixtures by toluene-enriched consortia and rhodococcus rhodochrous. | a microbial consortium derived from a gasoline-contaminated aquifer was enriched on toluene (t) in a chemostat at 20 degrees c and was found to degrade benzene (b), ethylbenzene (e), and xylenes (x). studies conducted to determine the optimal temperature for microbial activity revealed that cell growth and toluene degradation were maximized at 35 degrees c. a consortium enriched at 35 degrees c exhibited increased degradation rates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in single-substra ... | 1999 | 10099561 |
| cobalt proteins. | in the form of vitamin b12, cobalt plays a number of crucial roles in many biological functions. however, recent studies have provided information on the biochemistry and bioinorganic chemistry of several proteins containing cobalt in a form other than that in the corrin ring of vitamin b12. to date, eight noncorrin-cobalt-containing enzymes (methionine aminopeptidase, prolidase, nitrile hydratase, glucose isomerase, methylmalonyl-coa carboxytransferase, aldehyde decarbonylase, lysine-2,3-aminom ... | 1999 | 10103026 |
| haloalkane dehalogenases: steady-state kinetics and halide inhibition. | the substrate specificities and product inhibition patterns of haloalkane dehalogenases from xanthobacter autotrophicus gj10 (xadhl) and rhodococcus rhodochrous (rrdhl) have been compared using a ph-indicator dye assay. in contrast to xadhl, rrdhl is efficient toward secondary alkyl halides. using steady-state kinetics, we have shown that halides are uncompetitive inhibitors of xadhl with 1, 2-dichloroethane as the varied substrate at ph 8.2 (cl-, kii = 19 +/- 0.91; br-, kii = 2.5 +/- 0.19 mm; i ... | 1999 | 10231528 |
| isopropanol and acetone induces vinyl chloride degradation in rhodococcus rhodochrous. | in situ bioremediation of vinyl chloride (vc)-contaminated waste sites requires a microorganism capable of degrading vc. while propane will induce an oxygenase to accomplish this goal, its use as a primary substrate in bioremediation is complicated by its flammability and low water solubility. this study demonstrates that two degradation products of propane, isoproponal and acetone, can induce the enzymes in rhodococcus rhodochrous that degrade vc. additionally, a reasonable number of cells for ... | 2003 | 14605909 |
| isolation and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenases from rhodococcus rhodnii strain 135 and rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 89: comparison with analogous enzymes of the ordinary and modified ortho-cleavage pathways. | catechol 1,2-dioxygenases of the ordinary ortho-cleavage pathway have been isolated from strains rhodococcus rhodnii 135 and rhodococcus rhodochrous 89 grown on phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy. the activities of the catechol 1,2-dioxygenases with 3- and 4-methylpyrocatechols were 1.3-1.5 times higher than those with pyrocatechol. the rate of oxidation of 3-chloropyrocatechol catalyzed by both enzymes was 20% of the rate of oxidation of unsubstituted pyrocatechol. the enzymes are h ... | 1999 | 10424908 |
| developments in destructive and non-destructive pathways for selective desulfurizations in oil-biorefining processes | biocatalytic desulfurization is still not a commercial technology, but conceptual engineering and sensitivity analyses have shown that the approach is very promising. the purpose of this paper is to investigate further some aspects of the biodesulphurization pathways, discussing the non-destructive pathway with the well-known rhodococcus rhodochrous igts8. findings revealed byproducts, such as 2'-hydroxybiphenyl (hbp), sulfite and sulfate, obtained by the desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (dbt ... | 1999 | 10461376 |