| recent advances in experimental leprosy. | within the last 15 years we have learned to identify mycobacterium leprae, determine its viability, screen the efficacy of antileprosy drugs, and monitor the bacilli for drug sensitivity. we have evidence that subclinical infections occur frequently among contacts of patients with leprosy and that the different manifestations of leprosy reflect differences in resistance to m leprae. we are developing hypotheses about the mechanism of these differences. we have experimentally transmitted lepromat ... | 1976 | 8844 |
| immunity to mycobacterium leprae infections in mice stimulated by m. leprae, bcg, and graft-versus-host reactions. | infections of mice with mycobacterium leprae in one rear foot pad immunized them against a second infection in the other rear foot pad. purified bacilli harvested from the first infection also produced immuniy when injection into the foot pads of previously uninfected mice. injections of bcg afforded similar protection, but had no adjuvant effect on m. leprae. m. duvali, a cultivable mycobacterium that is reported to be more closely related antigenically to m. leprae than bcg is, provided much l ... | 1976 | 11189 |
| symposium on recent progress on immunology of leprosy and chronic mycobacterial infections. | | 1978 | 29988 |
| i.c.m.r. conference on leprosy research. | | 1978 | 29989 |
| in vitro cultivation of leprosy bacilli in hyaluronic acid-based medium. 2. progress and developing concept of the role of hyaluronic acid suggested by culture and armadillo infection studies. | progress is summarized relating to the verification, identification of m. leprae and understanding of the process of adaptation the pathogen passes through before in vitro growth takes place. it is recognized that hyaluronic acid apparently does not serve as a source of energy but the possibility is presented that it plays a role in the reconstruction of m. leprae cell walls made "leaky" by constant intracellular life. this apparently occurs, in culture, initially by the development of coccoid f ... | 1978 | 32143 |
| inhibition of multiplication of mycobacterium leprae by several antithyroid drugs. | multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in the mouse footpad was inhibited when mice were fed, mixed in their diet, 0.05 per cent methimazole, 0.066 per cent usp thyroid powder, methimazole plus thyroid powder, 0.15 per cent 5-n-heptyl-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone, 0.1 per cent propylthiouracil, and 0.1 per cent thambutosine for 154 days, beginning on the day of inoculation. all of the treatment regimens, except for the 2 containing thyroid powder, decreased the plasma concentrations of thyroxine an ... | 1975 | 48349 |
| sulphone resistance in leprosy. a review of one hundred proven clinical cases. | an account is given of the first hundred consecutive proven cases of sulphone resistance in leprosy, detected in malaysia between 1963 and 1974. proof of resistance was clinical in eighty patients and was obtained by drug-sensitivity testing in mice in ninety-six patients; 76 cases were proved both clinically and experimentally, and there was no discrepancy between the two methods. sulphone resistance was confined to patients with lepromatous-type leprosy--i.e., patients with a large bacterial p ... | 1975 | 49662 |
| letter: sulphone resistance in leprosy. | | 1975 | 49763 |
| innervation of muscle in leprosy with special reference to the muscle spindle. | the pattern of extrafusal and intrafusal innervation was studied in muscle biopsies from the flexor carpi ulnaris and biceps brachii muscles, which were clinically unimpaired. smudginess and enlargement of the motor end plates were the most definitely abnormal feature of the extrafusal innervation pattern; the intrafusal fibers, on the other hand, were either unremarkable or showed increased tortuosity, beading and in more extreme cases of grossly complicated intertwining pattern. bacilli were f ... | 1975 | 51013 |
| long-spacing collagen in skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous leprosy. | in the course fo evaluating the effect of different drugs on the morphology of mycobacterium leprae (edwards, draper & draper, 1972) and on the phagocytic cells containing these organisms (edwards, 1973), an unusual feature was observed in the dermal connective tissue of skin biopsies obtained from some of the patients. variable amounts of an extracellular, cross-striated osmiophilic material were present in the dermis. the purpose of this communication is to describe the banded substance observ ... | 1975 | 51648 |
| antigenic heterogeneity in patients with reactions in borderline leprosy. | fifteen patients with borderline leprosy who developed "reversal" reactions were studied from the inception of treatment. thirteen showed an appreciable increase in lymphocyte transformation (lt) when preparations of mycobacterium leprae were used as antigen. the lt responses to either "whole" or "sonicated" preparations of the bacillus in these 15 patients and in nine others also in reaction correlated with the clinical presentation. those with skin disease predominating in the reaction showed ... | 1975 | 53086 |
| editorial: the nose and leprosy. | | 1976 | 57462 |
| staining mycobacteria with carbolfuchsin: properties of solutions prepared with different samples of basic fuchsin. | acid fast staining of mycobacteria in the form of beadings is obtained by means of a carbolfuchsin solution (ziehl-neelsen stain) prepared from pararosaniline or from certain kinds of basic fuchsin. after such acid-fast stains, the intensity of the bacilli's colouring was rather poor and unstable, so that some bacilli lost their acid-fast stain. in contrast, an acid-fast staining of mycobacteria in rod form results by using a carbolfuchsin prepared from rosaniline or from other basic fuchsins in ... | 1976 | 58364 |
| studies of mycobacterial antigens, with special reference to mycobacterium leprae. | eight individual antigens were detected in soluble antigen preparations from mycobacterium leprae bacilli by using pools of serum samples from lepromatous leprosy patients as antibody reagents in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. two of these antigens were analyzed further. antgent no. 1 gave an elution pattern on sephadex g-200 corresponding to a molecular weight of 285,000. this antigen was also present in three slow-growing and eight fast-growing mycobacterial species. there was a reaction of co ... | 1976 | 58837 |
| mycobacterial antigens in antibody responses of leprosy patients. | a reference system for m. smegmatis antigens in crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study antibody activities in serum samples of 91 leprosy patients. all polar and borderline lepromatous patients were positive. mean numbers out of 14 m. smegmatis antigens involved were 4.3 and 3.5, respectively. precipitins against antigen no. 1 were seen in all lepromatous cases. antibodies against this antigen were detected in 50% of tuberculoid (polar, subpolar and borderline) cases. antibody activity ... | 1975 | 58844 |
| acid-fast properties and pyridine extraction of m. leprae. | the reportedly unique pyridine extractability of acid-fastness as an identifying characteristic for m. leprae was examined in the leprosy bacilli and in eight other strains of mycobacteria. the initial findings were, in general, in accord with previous reports except that m. smegmatis and m. phlei likewise demonstrated two hour pyridine extractability of acid-fastness. perhaps, more significantly, it was found that this characteristic in m. leprae is related to aged, probably nonviable bacilli. ... | 1975 | 58845 |
| letter: culture of m. leprae with help of desiccated thyroid. | | 1976 | 60588 |
| enumeration of mycobacterium leprae stained with and without prior periodate oxidation. | | 1976 | 61553 |
| immunologic identification of m. leprae. immunofluorescence and complement fixation. | a markedly improved immunofluorescent technic employing fitc conjugated igg antibody prepared from lepromatous serum is described as a means of specific identification of m. leprae. an additional immunologic identification method for m. leprae is presented as a micro-complement fixation technic employing antigen rather than antibody dilution. studies with these technics suggest that m. leprae specific antigen is probably a surface antigen and has as part of its mosaic a lecithin-phospholipid com ... | 1976 | 61949 |
| the use of non-deparaffinized tissue sections for staining leprosy bacilli. | reduced acid-fast staining of leprosy bacilli occurs during the dewaxing of paraffin sections by xylene and alcohols; the older and more decrepit bacilli being especially affected. by the use of non-deparaffinized sections, the leprosy bacilli which could not be stained with the usual carbol fuchsin are strongly stained. moreover, non-deparafinized sections can be used for the periodic acid-carbol pararosanilin stain or methenamine silver stain for demonstrating mycobacteria. | 1976 | 61950 |
| the nature of mycobacterial acid-fastness. | phenol is not essential to acid-fast staining, for it will occur in the absence of phenol where such lipoid-soluble basic dyes as night blue, victoria blue b or victoria r are used; it is essential for acid-fast staining with water soluble basic dyes such as basic fuchsin. when phenol is added to the staining solution, such water soluble basic dyes behave in effect like their lipid-soluble counterparts. the loss of mycobacterial acid-fastness with carbol-fuchsin after bromination or chromation i ... | 1976 | 63160 |
| periodic acid-methenamine silver stain for mycobacteria in tissue sections. | | 1976 | 63164 |
| histocompatibility antigens in patients with leprosy. | the frequencies of distribution of 25 histocompatibility antigens were determined in 92 mexican patients with leprosy and compared with those in 315 mexicans who did not have the disease. no statistically significant differences were found between the patients and the controls in regard to histocompatibility antigens, and subgroups with a significant difference could not be identified by division of the patients according to the density of mycobacterium leprae or the presence or absence of cell- ... | 1976 | 63527 |
| rifampin-resistant leprosy. | | 1976 | 63780 |
| hla-linked genetic control of host response to mycobacterium leprae. | non-random parental hla-haplotype segregation is demonstrated in siblings with leprosy. a new method is described for the statistical analysis of non-random segregation among sibships of different sizes. sibs with the same type of leprosy show a significant excess of identical hla haplotypes. this is also true for families in which only tuberculoid leprosy is found, which is by far the commonest type in the population studied. however, sibs affected with different types of leprosy share a haplot ... | 1976 | 63804 |
| germicidal activity of the pigo system on mycobacterium leprae, in vitro. | | 1976 | 64181 |
| cultivation of mycobacterium leprae. | | 1977 | 64727 |
| m. leprae versus m. scrofulaceum. | | 1976 | 66215 |
| common antigen of mycobacterium leprae, m. lepraemurium, m. avium, and m. fortuitum in comparative studies using two different types of antisera. | no. 21 mycobacterial antigens of mycobacterium lepraemurium, m. avium, m. fortuitum, and m. leprae were compared in crossed immunoelectrophoresis using two different antibody sources, a serum pool from lepromatous leprosy patients (lsii) and a rabbit anti-m. smegmatis antiserum. m. lepraemurium, like m. avium, was found to contain the 21 a and 21 c determinants. m. fortuitum contained in addition a new type of determinant, 21 d.m. leprae antigen no. 21 carried the a as well as the b dertminants, ... | 1977 | 68004 |
| recent advances in microbiology in leprosy. | the recent advances in microbiology of leprosy are reviewed. till now the leprosy bacillus had not been cultivated in laboratory media; the recent claims of success have not been confirmed. there has been a breakthrough in the experimental transmission of leprosy to experimental animals--the white mice, the immune depressed white mice, and the nine-banded armadillo. apart from providing definite proof for the causative relationship of the bacillus discovered by hansen and the disease leprosy, th ... | 1977 | 70571 |
| a possible dysfunction of melanosome transfer in leprosy: an electron-microscopic study. | an e.m. study was carried out to investigate whether mycobacterium leprae occur intracellularly in epidermal melanocytes. as this could not be confirmed, the selective killing of melanocytes by cytotoxic lymphocytes could not explain the hypopigmentation in types of leprosy with a relative good immune response. there were indications that these hypopigmented lesions resulted from a disturbed transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes. further research is in progress. | 1977 | 70920 |
| rapid test for drug resistance in leprosy. | | 1977 | 72940 |
| mycobacterium leprae specific antibodies detected by radioimmunoassay. | a radioimmunoassay was developed for demonstration of antibodies against m. leprae specific antigenic determinants. the specificity of the assay was tested with hyperimmune rabbit antisera against other mycobacteria and shown to be very high. the titre of m. leprae specific antibodies in a lepromatous serum pool was 10(5). sixty-one of sixty-two lepromatous sera, all of twelve borderline sera and twenty of forty-eight tuberculoid sera were positive in the assay, whereas all of thirty-eight cont ... | 1978 | 77549 |
| the activity of thiacetazone, thiambutosine, thiocarlide and sulphamethoxypyridazine against mycobacterium leprae in mice. | | 1978 | 78428 |
| therapeutic effect of yeast glucan in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae [proceedings]. | | 1977 | 79384 |
| two methods of demonstrating leprosy bacilli in smears. | two methods, the carbol fuchsin with acetic acid differentiation and the periodic acid-carbol pararosaniline, were used for demonstrating leprosy bacilli in skin smears. bacillary smears from 200 long-treated patients with tuberculoid, borderline and lepromatous leprosy were stained with periodic acid-carbol pararosaniline. there were significantly greater bi and mi determinations than with classic carbol fucsin staining. with the former stain bacilli were found in 69 of 96 skin smears in which ... | 1978 | 79561 |
| in-vitro lymphoproliferative response to mycobacterium leprae of hla-d-identical siblings of lepromatous leprosy patients. | lymphoproliferative responses to mycobacterium leprae and p.p.d. were measured in 23 lepromatous and borderline lepromatous leprosy patients and in 27 of their normal siblings. at the same time siblings hla-d-identical with the patients were identified by the absence of a mixed-lymphocyte reaction. the 7 siblings who were hla-identical to lepromatous patients responded as well to m. leprae as did the 20 hla-non-identical normal siblings. in contrast, 22 of the 23 lepromatous patients failed to r ... | 1978 | 79915 |
| further studies of the action of antithyroid drugs on mycobacterium leprae. | | 1978 | 80802 |
| comparison of various preparations of mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria by lymphocyte stimulation. | peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with different mycobacterial antigen preparations and responses were measured as incorporation of tritiated thymidine. blood donors were 9 patients with lepromatous leprosy, 16 tuberculoid leprosy patients, and 6 healthy individuals with different degrees of exposure to leprosy. the results revealed a good correlation between the responses to m. leprae from human sources and bacilli from armadillos inoculated with human leprosy bacilli, altho ... | 1978 | 83309 |
| inhibition of rubino factor as a test for detecting antigens common to leprosy bacilli. | | 1978 | 83310 |
| cross-resistance amongst thiambutosine, thiacetazone, ethionamide and prothionamide with mycobacterium leprae. | | 1978 | 84317 |
| leprosy's footprints in bone-marrow histiocytes. | | 1979 | 85259 |
| leprosy's footprints in bone marrow. | | 1979 | 88011 |
| identification of a mycobacterium leprae specific protein antigen(s) and its possible application for the serodiagnosis of leprosy. | acetone-killed mycobacterium leprae separated from infected armadillo liver tissue without the use of proteases were treated with 0.2 m lithium acetate, 20 mm edta, ph 8.8 solution, and the concentrated antigen extract was analyzed by ouchterlony immunodiffusion. the antigen extract gave a single immunoprecipitate when reacted with pooled lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients sera made highly specific for m. leprae by adsorption. apparently identical precipitates were produced by reacting the antige ... | 1979 | 90666 |
| pyridine extractability of acid-fastness from mycobacterium leprae. | various mycobacteria were tested for their ability to retain acid-fastness after treatment with pyridine: a) mycobacterium leprae separated from organs of 20 experimentally infected armadillos (which were sacrificed); b) m. leprae separated from a biopsy of a lepromatous patient; c) direct smears of lepromatous tissues from armadillos; d) eighteen cultivable mycobacteria obtained from the american type culture collection (atcc); e) cultivatable mycobacteria separated from the lymph nodes of a wi ... | 1979 | 90667 |
| pyridine extraction of m. leprae. | | 1979 | 90668 |
| the harada's staining method for leprosy bacilli. | | 1979 | 91361 |
| importance of the neural predilection of mycobacterium leprae in leprosy. | it is suggested that continuous leakage of bacilli into the circulation from a primary focus of intraneural infection may simultaneously initiate bacillary dissemination and the suppression of cell-mediated immunity. both these features are essential for the development of lepromatous leprosy. nerve involvement in leprosy, previously thought of as a diagnostic feature of the disease and as a complication of therapy, may represent an essential phase in the cycle of infection and reinfection by my ... | 1979 | 91779 |
| therapeutic effect of intravenously administered yeast glucan, in mice locally infected by mycobacterium leprae. | | 1979 | 94971 |
| host-phage relationships in the genus mycobacterium and their clinical significance. | progress made during the last 15 years in the studies on the relationships between mycobacteria and their bacteriophages is reviewed. the basic biology of the phages and the applications of studies on adaptation and host range are discussed in relation to the development of phage typing systems for epidemiological purposes. the nature of lysogeny, its natural occurrence, its experimental establishment, the effect of the lysogenic state on the host bacterium and the evidence that lysogenic mycoba ... | 1978 | 100919 |
| stimulating effect of leucine on the growth of m. leprae. | m-y 16j agar slant was prepared by modifying m-y 14b which has hitherto been used most widely in our experiments by increasing the amount of na pantothenate and adding leucine, and the growth stimulating effect was investigated referring to the foregoing subculture experiments. the results revealed that the growth of m. leprae was stimulated remarkably in the primary isolation quite similarly to the subculture. this seemed to be resulted from stimulated biosynthesis of fatty acids by the leucine ... | 1978 | 104535 |
| isolation of m. leprae using semi-synthetic solid agar medium. | the primary isolation of m. leprae from leprous nodules was carried out using agar slant prepared by solidifying the basic compositions of m-y series to confirm the reproducibility of the preliminary studies. results revealed that l-feb-75 strain represented thin membraneous growth from about 20th week and it crept up the culture tube wall at about 30th week of incubation at 37 degrees c. l-jun-75 strain, on the other hand, exhibited numerous, white and rough colonies of submiliary size on vario ... | 1978 | 104536 |
| [leprosy]. | | 1978 | 104538 |
| cross-reactions between mycobacteria. ii. crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of soluble antigens of bcg and comparison with other mycobacteria. | cross-reactions between mycobacterium bovis bcg and various other mycobacteria, nocardia asteroides, corynebacterium pyogenes and listeria monocytogenes were studied by incorporating antibodies against these bacteria in the intermediate gel of a crossed immunoelectrophoretic system with bcg antigen and anti-bcg antibodies. in the bcg reference system forty-four distinct antigenic components were recorded, of which thiryt-three cross-reacted with mycobacterium tuberculosis, twenty-five with m. av ... | 1979 | 106465 |
| drug sensitivity of m. leprae isolated from leprosy patients administered dds for long period of time. | drug sensitivity was tested using liquid medium on three stains isolated from the subcutaneous nodules of l-type patients who have long been administered dds alone. the results revealed that the first strain was resistant to dds up to the concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml suggesting as if it were dds dependent or enhanced strain, whereas the second strain was completely sensitive to dds even at the lowest concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml suggesting possible inactivation of this drug in the hos ... | 1978 | 108909 |
| mycobacterium leprae and phenoloxidase activity. | our earlier studies indicated that the enzyme o-diphenoloxidase was absent in mycobacterium leprae separated from depromatous human tissues. at that time the bacilli were not available from any other source. the existence or absence of this enzyme in m. leprae recovered from infected armadillo tissues were reinvestigated. the intact cells which were metabolically active, failed to oxidize dopa. likewise, dopa and its derivatives were not oxidized by the enzymatically active cell-free preparation ... | 1978 | 113650 |
| reconstructive surgery for hansen's disease (leprosy). | | 1979 | 115386 |
| metabolic inhibitors of host-tissue origin in mycobacterium leprae. | it is not clear why host-derived bacteria are metabolically inert, compared to organisms grown in vitro. o-diphenoloxidase is the only metabolic property proven to be present in mycobacterium leprae separated from infected human as well as animal (mouse and armadillo) tissues. however, highly concentrated suspensions of m. leprae obtained from the organs of experimentally infected armadillos showed little or extremely low o-diphenoloxidase, while the organisms bound 14c-labeled dopa. when these ... | 1979 | 117257 |
| the review of chemotherapeutric trials on leprosy and its present states in korea. | | 1979 | 118593 |
| cholesterol dynamics in macrophages implication for the bacteriology and pathology of leprosy. | m. leprae in the host multiplies abundantly in macrophages rich in cholesterol. host-grown leprosy bacilli have an extremely high cholesterol content and in this respect they occupy a unique place among procariotic cells. m. leprae takes up cholesterol from the environment and it is not clear whether it can synthesize cholesterol and if so from which precursors. mycobacteria can be grown from leprous tissues in primary cultures only in the presence of cholesterol. these strains quickly adapt to ... | 1979 | 121019 |
| mycobacterium leprae: atypical and unclassified. | once m. leprae is grown on artificial media in the test tube, it might prove to have a great variety of characteristics quite different to those expected from our knowledge of m. leprae isolated from the susceptible host. the cultures might be slow or fast growing, pigmented or colorless, pathogenic for the armadillo, or not; they might produce limited disease in the foot pad of mice, or the contrary. the in vitro m. leprae culture might or might not provoke a lepromine reaction; the culture mig ... | 1979 | 121020 |
| epidemiology of leprosy. | | 1979 | 121021 |
| [mycobacterial antigens of the hansen group studied with immuno-electrophoresis]. | | 1979 | 121830 |
| [lepromin scars in leprosy patients and persons without manifestations of the disease tested with human antigen and various concentrations of armadillo antigens (double-blind study)]. | | 1979 | 121832 |
| [early reaction (fernandez) in children and adolescents without contact or manifestations of leprosy, tested with human lepromin and different concentrations of armadillo antigens in 3 double-blind studies]. | | 1979 | 121833 |
| [in vitro culture of mycobacterium leprae]. | | 1979 | 121842 |
| [dapsone resistance in west africa]. | | 1979 | 121854 |
| evidence for the occurrence of tissue inhibitors of o-diphenoloxidase in mycobacterium leprae obtained from infected armadillos. | | 1977 | 122515 |
| neonatally thymectomized lewis rats infected with mycobacterium leprae. 2. histopathologic and electron microscopic observations. | we report the histologic and electron microscopic findings following intravenous inoculation of m. leprae into neonatally thymectomized lewis rats, which were killed one to two years later. all organs appeared normal grossly. histologic changes were confined to the footpads, snout, ears, tail, and testes, all of which were involved in every rat. the tissues were edematous and infiltrated by varying numbers of foamy macrophages. in the footpads muscle fibers were vacuolated, and small nerves show ... | 1979 | 122625 |
| in vitro activation of neutrophils by suspensions of mycobacterium leprae. | activation, defined as an increase in the proportion of cells that reduce nitroblue-tetrazolium in vitro, is present in neutrophils from patients with reactional lepromatous leprosy but not in neutrophils from patients with non-reactional lepromatous leprosy. neutrophils from patients with all forms of leprosy are equally well activated by endotoxin in vitro. we have now shown that in vitro activation induced by mycobacterium leprae suspensions is of comparable magnitude in neutrophils from pati ... | 1979 | 122626 |
| defective blood mononuclear phagocyte function in patients with leprosy. | patients with lepromatous leprosy possess a defective lymphocyte function in vivo and in vitro that is less evident in the tuberculoid form. data concerning their macrophage ability to digest mycobacterium leprae are controversial. the purpose of this study was to determine whether monocytes from patients with either tuberculoid or lepromatous leprosy were altered in their enzyme systems, that is myeloperoxidase-dependent and myeloperoxidase-independent systems. the ability of adherent blood mon ... | 1979 | 122627 |
| electron microscopic observations of intracytoplasmic membrane systems and cell division in mycobacterium lepraemurium. | the fine structures and the interconnections between the intracytoplasmic membrane systems and cell division of murine leprosy bacilli in liver tissue from mice infected intraperitoneally with mycobacterium lepraemurium, hawaiian strain, were studied in ultrathin serial sections at the electron microscopic level. intracellular membranous organelles (mesosomes) were seen as vesicular, tubular and/or lamellar structures. the formation of mesosomes appeared to be initiated by invagination and/or fo ... | 1979 | 122629 |
| lepromatous leprosy presenting with polyarthritis, myositis, and immune-complex glomerulonephritis. | a pakistani man aged 19 years was admitted to a rheumatological unit in the united kingdom with acute widespread polyarthritis accompanied by night sweats and fever. preliminary examination suggested reiter's disease, but further investigation showed acute glomerulonephritis with uraemia. the possibility of periarteritis nodosa, and the prominence of muscle tenderness in the legs, led to biopsies of striated muscle and skin, in both of which were changes typical of lepromatous leprosy, with many ... | 1975 | 126102 |
| an ultrastructural study of neuromuscular spindles in normal mice: with reference to mice and man infected with mycobacterium leprae. | mycobacterium leprae have been found within muscle spindles in mice, using electron microscopy, and in man, using light microscopy. their mode of entry clearly is important. it may be via capsular cells, capillaries or nerves. for this reason muscle spindles from normal mice were studied by electron microscopy with special reference to the capsule and the relationship of it with capillaries and nerves, as well as details of the intrafusal fibres and capsular space. a fenestrated capillary was fo ... | 1975 | 126981 |
| glomerular subepithelial deposits in lepromatous leprosy. | | 1975 | 127533 |
| lepromin and the arthus reaction. | | 1977 | 147247 |
| immunological methods employed in an attempt to induce erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) in mice. | in the mouse foot pad model five different parameters were employed to simulate the condition of enl as observed in the human. the experimental groups with five to six months leprosy infection were injected intravenously with various anti-mycobacterial antibodies, m. leprae sonicate and 'b' cells obtained from syngenic donors. the control group of animals, infected similarly, were treated either with m. leprae sonicate or gamma globulins precipitated from normal human serum. all recipients were ... | 1978 | 151764 |
| the pathology of leprosy. | | 1978 | 152980 |
| lymphocyte transformation test in leprosy: decreased lymphocyte reactivity to mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy, with no evidence for a generalized impairment. | untreated leprosy patients were examined with respect to lymphocyte transformation in vitro after stimulation with mycobacterial and other microbial antigens, allogeneic lymphocytes, or nonspecific mitogens. methods were used to circumvent technical variability. the results were compared with those obtained in controls matched for age, sex, race, and environment. no evidence was found for a generalized impairment of lymphocyte transformation in vitro, whereas a specific defect towards mycobacter ... | 1978 | 153335 |
| concanavalin a induced suppressor activity in human leprosy. | peripheral blood lymphocytes from nine normal subjects and 40 patients with leprosy were pretreated in vitro with concanavalin a (con a). cells from normal subjects pretreated for 24 hours showed consistent and effective generation of suppressive activity which inhibited mitogen induced transformation of autologous lymphocytes. prolongation of con a pretreatment to 40 hours resulted in maximal suppressive activity. tuberculoid leprosy patients had lymphocytes in their blood which on 24 hour pret ... | 1979 | 161322 |
| leoprosy- clinical aspectos of nerve involvement. | leprosy is the cause of the commonest peripheral neuropathy. the predilection of mycobacterium leprae for nerve tissue accounts for the clinical features that are most dreaded and most characteristic of the disease. were it not for the progressive destruction of peripheral nerve trunks and the consequences of this, leprosy would largely remain a cutaneous condition of cosmetically unsightly hypopigmented or erythematous areas and aggregations of nodular thickenings. the neurologic damage in lepr ... | 1975 | 166794 |
| leprosy--histopathologic aspects of nerve involvement. | the most striking single feature of the clinical manifestations of leprosy is the very wide range of appearances shown by the skin lesions. these include the vague, hypopigmented macules of indeterminate leprosy; the large, sharply defined hypopigmented anaesthetic lesions of tuberculoid leprosy; the nodules and diffuse infiltration of lepromatous leprosy; and a wide range of plaques and annular lesions of the intermediate (borderline or dimorphous) types of disease. from superficial appearances ... | 1975 | 166795 |
| uptake of radioactive dopa by mycobacterium leprae in vitro. | our previous studies demonstrated that mycobacterium leprae contains a characteristic o-diphenoloxidase which converts a variety of phenolic compounds to quinones in vitro. this enzyme was not present in any other mycobacteria tested. the results reported here deal with the uptake and binding of radioactive dopa by m. leprae. the leprosy bacilli incubated with tritium-labelled dopa, readily took up the substrate. the binding of dopa by the bacilli was markedly inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate ... | 1975 | 171542 |
| disorders of peripheral cutaneous nerves. | the histopathology of leprosy is described with particular reference to its effects on peripheral cutaneous nerves. mycobacterium leprae invade the schwann and perineurial cells of peripheral cutaneous nerves preferentially. the organisms are eventually destroyed with their host cells by a cell-mediated immune response. the effect is a dying-back phenomenon without the formation of neuromata. the sensory effects are gradually increasing anesthesia and localized nerve trunk pain but seldom any pe ... | 1977 | 194987 |
| cytochrome-linked respiration in host grown m. leprae isolated from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.). | the bacilli were isolated from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.) and cytochrome systems as well as oxidation of succinate and nadh by m. leprae were studied. cell-free extracts of m. leprae contained cytochromes of the a + a3, b, c and o type. whole cell suspensions catalyzed the oxidation of succinate. the process was unaffected by rotenone but was markedly inhibited by thenoyltrifluoroacetone, antimycin a and cyanide. cell-free preparations of m. leprae also oxidized nadh with oxygen as ... | 1977 | 198384 |
| serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in leprosy and coccidioidomycosis. | serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were found to be elevated in 71.4% of 42 leprosy patients, both treated and untreated, but in only one of 13 patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. the elevations with leprosy were present in association with each of the three major categories: lepromatous, borderline, or tuberculoid. sulfone therapy had no immediate effect on the elevated serum levels, although long-term sulfone therapy appeared to result in lowering of the level. corticosteroi ... | 1977 | 199098 |
| superoxide, superoxide dismutase, lipoperoxidation, and m. leprae. | | 1979 | 222696 |
| diabetic status in leprosy. | the diabetic status of the local jhansi patients (120 cases) was established before and after antileprosy treatment. control studies were performed in normal healthy subjects (50 persons) without family history of diabetes mellitus. random normals showed an incidence of diabetes only 2%, while leprosy patients (94 males and 26 females) had incidence of diabetic status of 14.2%. the highest incidence (19.3%) of diabetes was in lepromatous leprosy and lowest incidence (6.4%) in tuberculoid leprosy ... | 1979 | 261975 |
| recommended safety requirements for the preparation of lepromin: a who memorandum. | the need for standardizing the preparation of lepromin and establishing safety requirements for it was recognized by the scientific working group on the immunology of leprosy (immlep) and its steering committee in 1978. it has now recommended the preparation of standard integral (mitsuda-type) lepromin and, in collaboration with the who biologicals unit, has drafted requirements for its preparation and testing. these direct that the source material should be mycobacterium leprae from biopsy spec ... | 1979 | 317019 |
| recent advances and present trends in leprosy research. | | 1977 | 319014 |
| inhibition of multiplication of mycobacterium leprae by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. | contrary to the results of an earlier study in which polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(i:c)] administered intraperitoneally to mice had no effect on multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in the mouse footpad, the local administration of poly(i:c) every 12 h for 15 doses during logarithmic multiplication was found both to inhibit bacterial multiplication and to produce high tissue levels of interferon (if). local administration of poly(i) alone inhibited multiplication of m. leprae to almost ... | 1977 | 319745 |
| airborne infection with mycobacterium leprae in mice. | although the portal of entry and mode of spread of m. leprae in human leprosy are still uncertain, it is widely held that direct person-to-person skin contact is important. this assumption has ignored the fact that patients with highly bacilliferous leprosy have nasal as well as dermal infection and that, since m. leprae is shed predominantly from the nose, leprosy might be an airborne infection. the present study was designed to investigate this possibility with mice exposed to airborne infecti ... | 1977 | 320339 |
| current concepts in the immunology of leprosy. | | 1977 | 320942 |
| immunologic aspects of leprosy. | | 1977 | 321368 |
| new method for concentration and quantitation of mycobacterium leprae. | a new method of enumerating mycobacterium leprae has been developed. suspensions containing the organisms were filtered through a polycarbonate membrane filter (25-mm diameter, 0.4-micronm pore size, 10-micronm thick; nucleopore) to concentrate the organisms. the membrane was then mounted on a glass slide and stained with a standard acid-fast stain. finally, the membrane was treated with a small amount of chloroform to fix it to the slide and make it transparent. this method enabled us to detect ... | 1977 | 323279 |
| failure of mycobacterium leprae to incorporate tritiated thymidine administered in vivo. | | 1977 | 323610 |
| effect of levamisole on mycobacterium leprae in mice. | levamisole, an antihelminthic drug that is capable of enhancing immune responses in mice and in humans, was tested in experimental mycobacterium leprae infections in mice by a number of schedules. intermittent schedules were used, and administration of the drug was started (i) around the time of inoculation with m. leprae, (ii) when the m. leprae population was approaching the plateau level, (iii) after the onset of the plateau phase, or (iv) after bcg vaccination 28 days following the inoculati ... | 1977 | 324914 |
| leprosy and cancer: a retrospective cohort study in hawaii. | we used data collected on a retrospective cohort of 1,123 leprosy patients living in hawaii between 1940 and 1970, to test the hypotheses that patients with lepromatous leprosy, who have an impairment in their cellular immune response, would have an increased risk for cancer and that patients with tuberculoid leprosy, who are immunologically competent, would have a normal or even a reduced cancer risk from beneficial stimulation of their cellular immune system by exposure to the mycobacterium le ... | 1977 | 325219 |
| corneal penetration of rifampin. | we tested the corneal penetration of rifampin in four vehicles: dimethylsulfoxide, polyethylene glycol, an ocular lubricant, and as rifampin ointment. we measured drug concentrations in the aqueous humor in rabbits after topical instillation of 1 and 2.5% rifampin according to two dosage schedules. drug concentrations in the aqueous humor were bactericidal to mycobacterium leprae. since leprosy of the cornea, iris, and ciliary body may develop despite standard systemic bacteriostatic treatment, ... | 1977 | 326055 |
| the rationale behind a leprosy vaccine research program. | | 1977 | 326685 |