| evaluation of enrichment, storage, and age of blood agar medium in relation to its ability to support growth of anaerobic bacteria. | by measuring the colony size of a variety of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, an evaluation was made of the benefits derived from the addition of several enrichments to blood agar medium commonly used for the growth of anaerobes. similar methods were used to study the effects of various storage conditions and age of the medium. the results were compared with those obtained on freshly prepared and enriched blood agar plates as well as commercially available blood agar plates. ... | 1976 | 11226 |
| current aspects of gas gangrene, apropos of 47 cases collected over a 3-year period (1974-1976). | on the basis of 47 cases of gas gangrene collected over the three year period between 1974 and 1976, the authors review the circumstances surrounding its development, the clinical features and the prognosis of the disorder which remains grave despite a well-defined therapeutic protocol combining surgery, antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen. there would appear to be a real resurgence of the disease at the present time. post-traumatic and surgical aetiologies predominate, giving rise to two types of ... | 1977 | 23023 |
| quantitative evaluation of three commercial blood culture media for growth of anaerobic organisms. | the ability of three different commercial blood culture media--brain heart infusion broth (pfizer), thiol broth (difco), and prs-peptone broth (becton, dickinson & co.)--to support the growth of five different anaerobes is described. inocula of 100 and 1,000 colony-forming units per ml were used to evaluate potential differences in survival, lag time, growth rate, and doubling times of each anaerobe in each medium. in addition, each medium was evaluated for its ability to neutralize the antibact ... | 1978 | 24059 |
| 21-dehydroxylation of corticoids by anaerobic bacteria isolated from human fecal flora. | | 1978 | 28451 |
| urease-producing species of intestinal anaerobes and their activities. | urease activities of anaerobic bacteria that constituted predominant gut flora were examined. it was demonstrated that some strains of eubacterium aerofaciens, e. lentum, and peptostreptococcus products produced urease. they were the most numerous species in human feces. all strains of bifidobacterium infantis and some strains of bacteroides multiacidus, b. bifidum, clostridium symbiosum, fusobacterium necrophorum, f. varium, lactobacillus fermentum, peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and p. prevotii ... | 1979 | 36839 |
| characterization of a c21 neutral steroid hormone transforming enzyme, 21-dehydroxylase, in crude cell extracts of eubacterium lentum. | a strain of the obligate anaerobe, eubacterium lentum, isolated from human feces, catalyzes the 21-dehydroxylation of 11-deoxycorticosterone to progesterone. a quantitative radiochromatographic assay was developed to measure 21-dehydroxylase activity in cell extracts. maximum enzyme activity in cell extracts required both a reduced pyridine nucleotide and an oxidized flavin coenzyme. however, photochemically reduced flavin (fmnh2) could replace the requirement for nad(p)h plus oxidized flavin. n ... | 1979 | 38850 |
| bile salt 3 alpha- and 12 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from eubacterium lentum and related organisms. | thirty-two strains of eubacterium lentum and phenotypically similar anaerobic gram-positive bacilli were screened for intracellular bile salt 3alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsdhase) activities. these organisms were categorized into four groups: (a) those containing 12alpha-hsdhase only (10 strains), (b) those containing 3alpha- and 12alpha-hsdhase (13 strains), (c) those containing 3alpha-hsdhase only (2 strains), and (d) those devoid of any measurable hsdhase activity (7 stra ... | 1979 | 39496 |
| aldolases of the lactic acid bacteria. demonstration of immunological relationships among eight genera of gram positive bacteria using an anti-pediococcal aldolase serum. | reciprocal qualitative and quantitative immunological experiments employing an anti-pediococcus cerevisiae aldolase serum confirmed many of the interspecific relationships demonstrated previously among lactic acid bacteria with antisera prepared against the streptococcus faecalis fructose diphosphate aldolase. the extent of immunological relatedness observed between the lactobacillus and pediococcus aldolases was markedly gses indicating that the pediococci share closer phylogenetic ties with th ... | 1976 | 65160 |
| composition and antigenic properties of a surface polysaccharide isolated from eubacterium saburreum, strain l452. | | 1977 | 65901 |
| identification of bacteroides fragilis by indirect immunofluorescence. | rabbit antiserum against live or heat-killed bacteroides fragilis nctc 9343 bacteria was titrated against hot phenol water-extracted polysaccharide antigens from five different species of the 'b. fragilis group' of bacteria using an enzyme immunoassay and shown to be specific for the b. fragilis nctc 9343 polysaccharide. when the antiserum was used in indirect immunofluorescence, 97.1% of 244 b. fragilis strains were correctly identified. only 8 of the other 312 bacteroides strains were stained ... | 1979 | 94651 |
| anaerobic fecal bacteria of the baboon. | the predominant bacterial genera of baboon feces were enumerated and identified by established procedures. the predominant genera isolated were lactobacillus, eubacterium, streptococcus, and bacteroides. | 1978 | 103499 |
| the presence of antibody-coated anaerobic bacteria in asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. | quantitative anaerobic culture of urine samples obtained from 593 pregnant women by suprapubic bladder aspiration was performed to establish the involvement of anaerobic bacteria in asymptomatic urinary tract infections. the fluorescent antibody (fa) test was applied to the sediments of bladder aspirates to determine the site of infection. anaerobic bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(4) microorganisms/ml of urine) was found in 34 patients, of whom five were fa-positive. these anaerobes wer ... | 1979 | 118996 |
| [clinical experience of cefoxitin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. | cefoxitin was given to the 7 patients of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained: 1) the clinical response was excellent in 2 patients, good in 4 and poor in 1 patient with the efficacy rate of 85.7%. out of the 4 patients resistant to the previous therapy with other antibiotics, 3 patients responded to cefoxitin, and all the 3 patients of anaerobic infections responded satisfactorily to cefoxitin. 2) microorganisms isolated were 2 strains ea ... | 1979 | 160956 |
| cultural conditions for antibiotic-producing microorganisms. | | 1975 | 166279 |
| a specific cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-binding protein in caulobacter crescentus. | a binding protein specific for cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic gmp) has been partially purified from extracts of the eubacterium caulobacter crescentus and resolved from cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp)-binding activity. binding of cyclic gmp is not affected by the addition of cyclic amp or 5'-gmp, but is inhibited about 50 percent by a 50-fold molar excess of dibutyryl cyclic gmp or cyclic hypoxanthine 3':5'-monophosphate. the apparent dissociation constant for the ... | 1975 | 168209 |
| cytochrome spectrum of an obligate anaerobe, eubacterium lentum. | an obligately anaerobic bacterium, eubacterium lentum, was shown to contain cytochromes a, b, and c and a carbon monoxide-binding pigment. extracts of cells grown with hemin gave a typical absorption spectrum for cytochrome c with maxima at 424, 525, and 553 nm. extracts from cells grown in the absence of hemin also had an absorption peak corresponding to cytochrome b (562 nm) in their reduced versus oxidized spectrum. extraction of hemes and formation of pyridine hemochromes allowed quantitatio ... | 1976 | 176143 |
| arginine, a growth-limiting factor for eubacterium lentum. | eubacterium lentum is a gram-positive, asaccharolytic, obligately anaerobic bacillus, which grows to a low turbidity (absorbancy at 650 nm = 0.05 to 0.1) in peptone-based medium. the addition of substrate amounts of arginine or citrulline dramatically increased growth (absorbancy at 650 nm =1.4). the presence of an arginine dihydrolase pathway was confirmed by measurement of the necessary enzymes and demonstration of the intermediate compounds. the production of adenosine 5'-triphosphate from th ... | 1976 | 182668 |
| [fecal flora of man. v. communication: the fluctuation of the fecal flora of the healthy adult (author's transl)]. | seven fecal specimens from each of healthy persons, aged 25 to 42 years, during the period of 2 months were analyzed to obtain the knowledge on the day-to-day variation in the same person and the person-to-person variation. irrespective of individuals, bacteroidaceae, catenabacteria (eubacteria and strict anaerobic lactobacilli), peptostreptococci (anaerobic gram positive cocci) and bifidobacteria constituted the predominant flora. spirillaceae, megasphaerae and clostridia (except cl. perfringen ... | 1977 | 196456 |
| nad-dependent 3alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities from eubacterium lentum atcc no. 25559. | eubacterium lentum (atcc no. 25559) was shown to contain 3alpha-and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases both of which were nad-dependent and active against conjugated and unconjugated bile salts. in addition, the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was active against members of the androstan series containing a 3alpha-hydroxyl group regardless of the stereo-orientation of the 5-h-. no measurable activity against 7alpha-, 7beta-, 11beta-, or 17beta-hydroxyl groups was demonstrated. the growth o ... | 1977 | 201289 |
| d(-)-lactate dehydrogenase from butyribacterium rettgeri. | | 1975 | 236451 |
| susceptibility of new zealand isolates to anaerobic bacteria to tinidazole. | minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mic, mbc) of tinidazole for 80 new zealand isolates of anaerobic bacteria were determined. growth of 95 percent of the isolates was inhibited by 4 micrograms/ml or less of tinidazole. mbc values were the same as, or one dilution higher than, the mic. | 1979 | 290923 |
| isolation and characterization of human fecal bacteria capable of 21-dehydroxylating corticoids. | it has been known for a decade that human intestinal flora include organisms capable of 21-dehydroxylating corticoids. yet the identity of the organisms synthesizing 21-dehydroxylase has remained unknown. using diluted human feces, we determined the prevalence of colonies of 21-dehydroxylating organisms on a variety of media. isolation from the medium of colonies with the highest prevalence yielded an obligate anaerobe capable of 21-dehydroxylating deoxycorticosterone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticos ... | 1977 | 303887 |
| new markers for eubacterium lentum. | of 37 strains of eubacterium lentum and phenotypically similar organisms, 26 (70%) synthesized a corticoid 21-dehydroxylase and/or a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. it appeared that the corticoid 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was identical to the bile acid 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. steroid-metabolizing enzymes were found both in e. lentum and in phenotypically similar organisms. e. lentum is characterized by nitrate reduction and enhanced growth in the presence of argini ... | 1979 | 314778 |
| [polymicrobial septicemia caused by strictly anaerobic bacteria]. | | 1977 | 322091 |
| superoxide dismutase in anaerobic bacteria of clinical significance. | twenty-two anaerobic bacteria isolated from infected sites and normal fecal flora were assayed for superoxide dismutase (sod). the organisms were also classified according to their oxygen tolerance into aerotolerant, intermediate, and extremely oxygen-sensitive groups. there was a correlation between the enzyme level and the oxygen tolerance, in that the aerotolerant and intermediate organisms had sod, whereas the extremely oxygen-sensitive isolates had low or undetectable enzyme. among the oxyg ... | 1977 | 326669 |
| cholesterol-reducing bacterium from human feces. | an anaerobic, gram-positive diplobacillus that reduces cholesterol to coprostanol was isolated from human feces and rat cecal contents. the isolates closely resemble a cholesterol-reducing organism isolated by eyssen et al. (h. eyssen et al., eur. j. biochem. 36:412-421, 1973) from a rat's cecum. these organisms would not form colonies and were isolated and cultivated in an anaerobic medium containing homogenized pork brains (naturally high in cholesterol). these organisms require free or esteri ... | 1977 | 335969 |
| antagonism among the normal anaerobic bacteria of the mouse gastrointestinal tract determined by immunofluorescence. | strictly anaerobic bacteroides sp., eubacterium sp., and fusobacterium sp. were isolated from the cecum of a conventional mouse. an immunofluorescent method utilizing rabbit antisera specific for each of these three strains was developed to determine their population levels in the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice. population levels of these anaerobes in groups of gnotobiotic mice colonized with either bacteroides, eubacterium, or fusobacterium were compared with those of gnotobiotes c ... | 1978 | 354525 |
| a review. lessons from an animal model of intra-abdominal sepsis. | intra-abdominal sepsis that involves multiple aerobic and anaerobic bacteria derived from the colonic flora was studied in wistar rats to determine the relative roles of various microbial species. the rats challenged with pooled colonic contents showed a biphasic disease. initially, there was acute peritonitis, escherichia coli bacteremia, and high mortality. in rats that survived this acute peritonitis stage, intra-abdominal abscesses developed, and anaerobic bacteria were the preponderant orga ... | 1978 | 354591 |
| antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid. | the antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid (af) obtained during the first (af1) and second (af2) trimesters was compared with the third (af3) against anaerobic bacteria, such as bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis (6 strains), eubacterium lentum (3 strains), and peptostreptococcus anaerobius (4 strains). escherichia coli (5 strains) served as a positive control. af1 supported the growth of all 4 anaerobes (except b fragilis for 4 hours) for the entire 24-hour period tested. af2 supported the growt ... | 1978 | 355963 |
| increase in the population of duodenal immunoglobulin a plasmocytes in axenic mice associated with different living or dead bacterial strains of intestinal origin. | various bacterial strains were tested for their ability to stimulate immunoglobulin a (iga) plasmocytes to populate the duodenal lamina propria in axenic mice. the mice were associated with the strains for at least 4 weeks. the strains inhabiting the conventional mouse intestine and belonging to the genera lactobacillus, streptococcus, eubacterium, actinobacillus, micrococcus, corynebacterium, and clostridium (including the extremely oxygen-sensitive ones) are only slightly or nonimmunogenic, wh ... | 1978 | 357289 |
| immuno-electron microscopic localization of a choriogonadotropin-like antigen in cancer-associated bacteria. | the presence of choriogonadotropin-like material and its intimate association with the membranes of the wall of bacteria isolated from cancer patients, has been demonstrated by immuno-electron microscopy utilizing the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase-labeled antibody technique. the bacteria were an escherichia coli strain isolated from a carcinoma of colon, and atcc 25559 strain of eubacterium lentum, an anaerobic microorganism originally isolated from a rectal tumor. | 1979 | 384308 |
| the prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in suprapubic bladder aspirates obtained from pregnant women. | the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria due to aerobic, facultative anaerobic and strictly anaerobic bacteria during pregnancy was determined in 185 patients admitted for complications of pregnancy, using suprapubic bladder aspiration. anaerobic bacterial counts of 103 per ml urine or higher were detected in 6.4 per cent of the specimens. the incidence of anaerobic bacteriuria seems comparable to that of bacteriuria due to aerobic and facultative anaerobic micro organisms. in our group of pati ... | 1979 | 388942 |
| skin and soft tissue polymicrobial infections from intravenous abuse of drugs. | skin and soft tissue infections were studied in 21 seriously ill narcotic addicts who had been admitted to hospital. subcutaneous abscesses were present in 14 patients; cellulitis was noted in 3, pyomyositis in 2 and necrotizing fasciitis in 2. in four patients there was septicemia. infections in 14 patients (66.6 percent) were associated with anaerobic bacteria, which were the exclusive isolates in 6 patients. in seven patients (33.3 percent) isolates were exclusively aerobic bacteria and in ei ... | 1979 | 425502 |
| chemical structure of the polysaccharide antigen of eubacterium saburreum, strain o2. | the polysaccharide antigen produced by eubacterium saburreum, strain o2, is composed of (1 leads to 6)-linked beta-d-glycero-d-galacto-heptopyranosyl residues, all of which are substituted with 6-deoxy-alpha-d-altro-heptofuranosyl groups at o-3. | 1979 | 427834 |
| bacterial metabolism of corticoids with particular reference to the 21-dehydroxylation. | clostridium paraputrificum, an obligate anaerobe recovered from human feces, reduces the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl of deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisone, and cortisol. the same steroids are 21-dehydroxylated by culture 116, recently isolated from human feces, and by a closely related organism, eubacterium lentum. the 21-dehydroxylase has no effect on hydroxyl groups at carbon atoms 11 and 17. | 1979 | 429305 |
| antimicrobial activity of antituberculosis agents against anaerobic bacteria. | anaerobic infections may coexist with tuberculosis, and can be mistaken for one another. the effect of therapy with antituberculosis chemotherapeutic agents against anaerobic bacteria (with the exception of rifampin) is unknown. we therefore examined the in vitro efficacy of certain commonly used antituberculosis agents (rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol) against 370 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 86 isolates of bacteroides fragilis. rifampin at a concentration of 2 microgram/ml inhi ... | 1979 | 436485 |
| fecal bacteria in south african rural blacks and other population groups. | quantitative studies were performed on fecal flora of three population groups consuming different diets. twenty rural black south africans and 22 japanese, representing groups at low risk for carcinoma of the colon, were compared with 41 north americans from a high-risk population. specimens taken immediately after defecation were mixed and processed under anaerobic conditions. after the initial incubation, roll tubes were shipped to the united states for final identification. bacterioides and b ... | 1979 | 447500 |
| [short-term oral chemoprophylaxis before intestine surgery. quantitative determination of bacteria and fungi in stool specimens (author's transl)]. | the methods of quantitative analysis of aerobe and anaerobe microbes and fungi stool specimens are described. the results of the studies in health people are compared to the results in patients undergoing surgical treatment of intestinal tract. a group of these patients received neomycin and bacitracin orally as short-time chemoprophylaxis to diminish possible woundinfection and/or sepsis. after oral medication germs as bifidobacterium, bacteroides and clostridium (not cl. perfringens) are reduc ... | 1979 | 452770 |
| choriogonadotropin-like antigen in an anaerobic bacterium, eubacterium lentum, isolated from a rectal tumor. | using the indirect fluorescein-labeled and indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase-labeled immunohistochemical techniques, and utilizing both antiserum specific for the beta-subunit of choriogonadotropin and antiserum for the total hormone, we have demonstrated the presence of a choriogonadotropin-like immunoreactive material in a strain of eubacterium lenthum that was originally isolated from a rectal tumor. in contrast, both immunohistochemical reactions were negative when applied to a strain of co ... | 1979 | 468380 |
| antibiotic treatment of splenic abscess. | | 1979 | 475190 |
| chlortetracycline and sulfonamide resistance of fecal bacteria in swine receiving medicated feed. | the fecal bacterial flora of swine receiving a ration supplemented with chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin was tested for resistance to chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine using anaerobic techniques and medium m-10. approximately 15.5 and 1.4% of the flora grew in the presence of 25 and 100 microgram of tetracycline/ml, respectively. higher numbers of bacteria grew in the presence of similar concentrations of sulfamethazine. thirty-five chlortetracycline-resistant isolates were t ... | 1979 | 476553 |
| plasmenylethanolamine: growth factor for cholesterol-reducing eubacterium. | a plasmalogen, plasmenylethanolamine, is required for in vitro growth of strains of eubacterium which convert cholesterol to coprostanol. plasmenylethanolamine was isolated from calf brain by selective saponification of lipid fractions separated by thin-layer or column chromatography. cholesterol-containing thioglycolate broth plus purified plasmenylethanolamine or its 2-lyso derivative supported growth of eubacterium atcc 21408 and a cholesterol-reducing eubacterium isolated from baboon feces. ... | 1979 | 479108 |
| aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in semen from fertile and infertile groups of men. | semen samples were collected by masturbation under asceptic conditions from men who had sired children within the past 6 mo (group a) and asymptomatic men attending an infertility clinic who had not sired children and whose wives were asymptomatic for infertility (group b). these 109 semen samples were analyzed and cultured for isolation of aerobic and anerobic organisms. overall, 68% of the specimens had positive bacterial cultures: 54% of the samples from group a were positive and 73% from gro ... | 1979 | 485650 |
| recovery of anaerobic bacteria from pediatric patients. a one-year experience. | during 1975, 115 speciments from the soft tissues, body fluids, and purulent sites in 105 pediatric ward and nursery patients were submitted to the clinical laboratory for anaerobic study, and 75% of the cultures were positive. in most instance specimens were collected in anaerobic transport tubes containing peptone yeast extract and glucose. in the laboratory, samples were processed by the anaerobic holding jar method. nineteen different anaerobic organisms were isolated; the average number of ... | 1979 | 495592 |
| reduction of aldosterone by anaerobic bacteria: origin of urinary 21-deoxy metabolites in man. | | 1979 | 502556 |
| the number, physical organization and transcription of ribosomal rna cistrons in an archaebacterium: halobacterium halobium. | because it is now clear that archaebacteria may be as distinct from eubacteria as either group is from eukaryotic cells, and because a specifically archaebacterial ancestry has been proposed for the nuclear-cytoplasmic component of eukaryotic cells, we undertook to characterize, for the first time, the ribosomal rna cistrons of an archaebacterium (halobacterium halobium). we found these cistrons to be physically linked in the order 16s-23s-5s, and obtained evidence that they are also transcribed ... | 1979 | 514815 |
| comparison of three methods of susceptibility testing of bacteroidaceae, peptococcaceae and other anaerobes to doxycycline. | the in vitro activity of doxycycline against 147 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes was determined by broth dilution, agar dilution and agar diffusion tests. the strains were isolated from clinical specimens in 1977. saccharolytic bacteroides strains (39 b. fragilis, 6 b. thetaiotaomicron, 4 b. vulgatus) showed broth dilution mics of less than or equal to 0.0625-4.0 microgram/ml after 5 h incubation and mics of less than or equal to 16 microgram/ml after 15 h incubation at 37 d ... | 1979 | 543353 |
| fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. | a total of 154 strains from 22 species of bifidobacterium, peptostreptococcus, lactobacillus, ruminococcus, coprococcus, eubacterium, and fusobacterium, which are present in high concentrations in the human colon, were surveyed for their ability to ferment 21 different complex carbohydrates. plant polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, pectin, polygalacturonate, xylan, laminarin, guar gum, locust bean gum, gum ghatti, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth, were fermented by some strains from ... | 1977 | 563214 |
| effects of heavy metals and other trace elements on the fermentative activity of the rumen microflora and growth of functionally important rumen bacteria. | the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of essential and non-essential trace elements were tested on the rumen microflora using the rate of fermentation in vitro as the assay. the elements (and the concentration causing 50% inhibition) in decreasing order of toxicity were hg2+ (20 microgram/ml), cu2+ (21 microgram/ml), cr6+ (70 microgram/ml), se4+ (73 microgram/ml), ni2+ (160 microgram/ml), cd2+ (175 microgram/ml), as3+ (304 microgram/ml) and as5+ (1610 microgram/ml). the elements tested t ... | 1978 | 565671 |
| the effect of l-alpha-amino-n-butyric acid on growth and production of extracellular isoleucine and valine by eubacterium ruminantium and a related rumen isolate. | two anaerobic rumen bacteria, eubacterium ruminantium and a closely related isolate, were studied to determine the effect of the valine antimetabolite alpha-aminobutyric acid on growth and production of extracellular isoleucine and valine in an amino acid free medium. in the absence of alpha-aminobutyrate, these organisms actively excreted valine during growth (90-195 microgram/ml) but only accumulated limited concentrations of isoleucine (3-7 microgram/ml) in the culture broth. growth of both o ... | 1979 | 575311 |
| nonsporing, anaerobic, gram-positive rods in saliva and the gingival crevice of humans. | quantitative and qualitative examination of anaerobically isolated flora of the gingival crevice and saliva was carried out. it was found that half the organisms were anaerobes and that there were twice as many gram-positive organisms as there were gram-negative ones. rods were predominant in the gingival crevice (60.5%) and cocci in saliva (69.1%). of the total organisms, nonsporing, gram-positive anaerobic rods accounted for 24% in the gingival crevice and 9.7% in saliva. these organisms were ... | 1978 | 646354 |
| bacteria isolated from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of young chicks. | facultatively anaerobic and strictly anaerobic bacteria colonizing the intestinal tracts of 14-day-old chicks fed a corn-based diet were enumerated, isolated, and identified. colony counts from anaerobic roll tubes (rumen fluid medium) or aerobic plates (brain heart infusion agar) recovered from homogenates of the duodenum, upper and lower ileum, and cecum varied appreciably among samples from individual birds. anaerobic and aerobic counts from the duodenum and ileum were similar. anaerobic coun ... | 1978 | 646359 |
| a polysaccharide antigen from the gram-positive organism eubacterium saburreum containing dideoxyhexose as the immunodominant sugar. | a highly active surface antigen, reacting by precipitation and complement fixation, has been isolated from eubacterium saburreum strain l32. the antigen is a polysaccharide polymer built up of galactose, ribose and dideoxyhexose. the dideoxyhexose is the immunodominant sugar. | 1978 | 670929 |
| methanogenesis from acetate: a nonmethanogenic bacterium from an anaerobic acetate enrichment. | a methanogenic acetate enrichment was initiated by inoculation of an acetate-mineral salts medium with domestic anaerobic digestor sludge and maintained by weekly transfer for 2 years. the enrichment culture contained a methanosarcina and several obligately anaerobic nonmethanogenic bacteria. these latter organisms formed varying degrees of association with the methanosarcina, ranging from the nutritionally fastidious gram-negative rod called the satellite bacterium to the nutritionally nonfasti ... | 1978 | 677881 |
| bacteremia due to bifidobacterium, eubacterium or lactobacillus; twenty-one cases and review of the literature. | twenty-one cases of bacteremia due to bifidobacterium, eubacterium and lactobacillus are described. transient bacteremic episodes with these organisms may follow trauma to the mouth, intestine, or vagina. the majority of the patients were female and most had an underlying condition that may have predisposed to bacteremia. ten of the patients died despite antibiotic treatment. | 1978 | 749356 |
| unusual enterobacteriaceae: h2s+ shigella sonnei, one authentic and one false positive due to contamination with the obligate anaerobe eubacterium lentum. | a mixture of shigella sonnei and eubacterium lentum produced h2s in triple sugar iron agar; however, neither produced any in pure culture. a second culture of s. sonnei, isolated in japan, is thought to be the first documented h2s+ shigella. | 1976 | 767362 |
| the effect of dietary fiber supplementation in man. ii. alteration in fecal physiology and bacterial flora. | fecal weight and water content and fecal quantitative and qualitative bacterial studies were compared on six volunteer subjects during regular diet periods and when on 5.4 g of diet fiber supplementation. there was a statistical mean stool weight increase for the group from 103 +/- 40 g to 226 +/- 90 g. the water content of the stool remained constant under the diet conditions of this study. the total anaerobic counts increased significantly while the subjects were on the high fiber diet. trend ... | 1976 | 793373 |
| susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to carbenicillin, cefoxitin, and related drugs. | the agar dilution technique was used for determination of the bacteriostatic activity of carbenicillin, penicillin g, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, and cephalothin agaomst a variety of anaerobic bacteria. carbenicillin showed a high level of activity at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 100 mug/ml; only five of 123 strains of bacteroides fragilis, one strain of bifidobacterium eriksonii, and one strain of clostridium bifermentans were resistant to a concentration of larger than ... | 1975 | 804023 |
| aanerobic isolates in hemovac lines. | seventeen of 68 patients (25 percent) who required the use of hemovac drainage system after major head and neck procedures had positive anaerobic islates. co-isolation of aerobic (94 percent) and other anaerobic (29 percent) microorganisms are common. there was an increased rate of psoitive anaerobic islates with procedures requiring exposure of mucosa. radiotherapy, except in doses greater than 6,800 rads, did not affect the culture rate. eight of 17 patients (47 percent) with positive anaerobi ... | 1977 | 831050 |
| effect of a high-beef diet on the fecal bacterial flora of humans. | ten human volunteers completed a 4-month diet series consisting of 1 month each of a control diet, a meatless diet, a high-beef diet, and the same control diet. fat and fiber contents were essentially the same in all four diets, but protein content was doubled during the high-beef diet. during the 4th week on each diet, three stool specimens collected from each volunteer were analyzed for chemical composition and content of facultative, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria. the bacteriological data a ... | 1977 | 832279 |
| isolation and identification of fecal bacteria from adult swine. | an examination of the fecal microflora of adult swine was made with regard to the efficiency of several roll tube media in enumeration and recovery of anaerobes, the effects of medium constituents on recovery, and the isolation and identification of the predominant kinds of bacteria. total number of organisms by microscopic bacterial counts varied among fecal samples from 4.48 x 10(10) to 7.40 x 10(10) bacteria/g (wet weight). comparison of different nonselective roll tube media indicated that a ... | 1977 | 836025 |
| quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora. | quantitative bacteriology was performed on vaginal secretions from healthy adult women. the analysis included a single sample from 17 college students and 35 samples from five volunteers collected at intervals of three to five days throughout the menstrual cycle. mean concentrations in all 52 specimens were 10(8.1) aerobic bacteria/g and 10(9.1) anaerobic bacteria/g. the rank of predominant organisms, according to rates of recovery in concentrations of greater than 10(5) colony-forming units/g, ... | 1977 | 894079 |
| structural studies of the polysaccharide antigen of eubacterium soburreum, strain l. 452. | | 1977 | 912694 |
| fecal microbial flora in seventh day adventist populations and control subjects. | a comparison of 13 vegetarian seventh day adventists with 14 nonvegetarian adventists revealed relatively few statistically significant differences in fecal flora. a separate study involved a comparison of vegetarian adventists (49 subjects), nonvegetarian adventists (45), and non-adventists on a conventional american diet (31) re: the incidence of the c. paraputrificum group in the fecal flora. the adventist groups had significantly fewer c. septicum and c. tertium isolates than the non-adventi ... | 1977 | 920638 |
| anaerobic bacteria from the large intestine of mice. | anaerobic bacteria from the colon of laboratory mice were enumerated and isolated using strict anaerobic techniques. direct microscopic counts revealed 4.4 x 10(10) organisms in each gram (wet weight) of colon contents. actual cultural counts averaged 3.2 x 10(10) organisms, which was 73% of the direct microscopic count. the tentatively identified genera were bacteroides, eubacterium, fusobacterium, lactobacillus, peptostreptococcus, and propionibacterium. strains of fusobacterium, lactobacillus ... | 1976 | 938042 |
| faecal steroids and bacteria and large bowel cancer in hong kong by socio-economic groups. | in a study of three socio-economic groups in hong kong, the high income group had a high faecal concentration of bile acids, especially the dihydroxy bile acids, compared to the low income group. the faecal bile acids were also more highly degraded. the faecal flora contained more bacteroides and fewer eubacteria. very few of the clostridia able to dehydrogenate the steroid nucleus were isolated. an epidemiological study based on street blocks indicated that the high income group also have a hig ... | 1976 | 962996 |
| deconjugation of bile acids by human intestinal bacteria. | the purpose of this report is to present the deconjugation of bile acids by numbers of strains of bacteria in the small intestine and feces. the small intestinal juice was aseptically aspirated by a double lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip devised by us ("fukushima type 1"). bile acids were analyzed with thin layer chromatography. the results: 1) among aerobic bacteria, species of which all of the strains split conjugated bile acids was enterococcus, and most of the strains split were st ... | 1976 | 992250 |
| the influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. | the effect on the faecal flora of adding wheat fibre to a controlled diet in four healthy volunteers for a 3-week period has been observed. no change in the concentration of the bacteria in the bacterial groups counted was found, although there was a slight increase in total output associated with increased faecal weight. the predominant organisms in all subjects were non-sporing anaerobes, but the dominant species in each subject was different and was unaffected by changing the diet. similarly, ... | 1976 | 1003454 |
| antibiotic treatment of oral anaerobic infections. | | 1975 | 1056466 |
| proceedings: the faecal flora of patients with crohn's disease. | | 1975 | 1080400 |
| the normal colonic bacterial flora. | | 1975 | 1093952 |
| bacterial studies of clindamycin-associated colitis. a preliminary report. | the cause of pseudomembraneous colitis is not known but has been attributed to an alteration in the microbial flora of the colon. to test this hypothesis, a blind, prospective study was undertaken in which fecal samples were cultured quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. the patients from which these samples were taken were all receiving clindamycin and had diarrhea secondary to the use of the drug. we were able to show definite differences in the colonic microflora which correlate ... | 1975 | 1097297 |
| anaerobic specimen transport device. | a device is described and evaluated for the anaerobic transport of clinical specimens. the device limits the amount of oxygen entering with the sample to a maximum of 2%, which is rapidly removed by reacting with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. the viability on swabs of 12 species of anaerobes, four strains of facultative anaerobes and a strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa, was maintained during the length of the tests (24 or 48 h). the results demonstrated that this device protec ... | 1975 | 1104656 |
| evaluation of a test kit for identification of anaerobic bacteria. | a test kit for identification of anaerobic bacteria--api--has been compared for accuracy in individual tests and for identification on the genus or species level with pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized media methods on 241 anaerobic strains. the microsystem was found to be reliable and permits identification of the clinically most significance anaerobic bacteria if it is supplemented with other tests such as gaschromatographic analysis, morphology, lecithinase, lipase and antibiotic sensitivit ... | 1975 | 1105128 |
| disk susceptibility testing of slow-growing anaerobic bacteria. | the susceptibility of 55 strains of slow-growing anaerobes to eight clinically useful or potentially useful antibiotics was determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion tests. strains of the genera peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, megasphaera, veillonella, eubacterium, bifidobacterium, clostridium, and fusobacterium were included. all strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, but varied in their susceptibility to penicillin, lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and vancomycin. correlatio ... | 1975 | 1137353 |
| antibiotic-disc tests for rapid identification of non-sporing anaerobes. | the sensitivity patterns to a number of antibiotic-impregnated discs of 126 strains of gram-negative anaerobes and 36 strains of gram-positive non-sporing anaerobes from various sources have been examined. the sensitivity patterns shown by bacteroids fragilis and bacteroides melaninogenicus were useful for the rapid identification of these organisms. consistent and useful sensitivity patterns were not shown by the gram-positive anaerobes. | 1975 | 1150890 |
| quantitative method for the gas chromatographic analysis of short-chain monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids in fermentation media. | a method for the preparation and gas chromatographic analysis of the butyl esters of volatile (c-1-c-7) and nonvolatile (lactic, succinic, and fumaric) acids in microbial fermentation media is presented. butyl esters were prepared from the dry salts of the acids. the esters were separated by temperature programming on a column of chromosorb w coated with dexsil 300 gc liquid phase and analyzed with a flame ionization detector. apparent recoveries with butanol-hcl or butanol-h2so4 as butylating a ... | 1975 | 1167776 |
| numerical taxonomy and laboratory identification of actinomyces and arachnia and some related bacteria. | a numerical taxonomic study was made on 49 facultative anaerobic gram-positive filamentous and/or diphtheroidal organisms isolated from dental plaques, carious dentin and faeces, together with 63 reference strains belonging to the genera actinomyces, arachnia, bifidobacterium, actinobacterium, propionibacterium, eubacterium and lactobacillus. they were examined for 90 unit characters covering a wide range of tests and properties. the data were subjected to computer analysis in which the simple m ... | 1975 | 1202157 |
| the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by five bacterial isolates from the sheep rumen, including a new species. | five strictly anaerobic bacteria able to hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids were isolated from sheep rumen. one was characterized as ruminococcus albus, two as eubacterium spp. and two as fusocillus spp., one of which is named as a new species. the fusocillus organisms were able to hydrogenate oleic acid and linoleic acid to stearic acid, and linolenic acid to cis-octadec-15-enoic acid. the r. albus and the two eubacteria did not hydrogenate oleic acid but converted linoleic and linolenic acids ... | 1975 | 1236930 |
| immunochemistry of a cell wall polysaccharide isolated from eubacterium saburreum, strain l49. | a polymer isolated from e. saburreum strain l49 contained o-acetylated glycero-galacto-heptose as the main constituent, and in addition an unknown aldose. the polymer was located at the outer part of the bacterial cell wall. the polymer reacted with antiserum to l49 microorganisms by precipitation and complement fixation. two antigenic specificities were detected, one of which was destroyed by de-acetylation. the rabbit antibodies to both specificities were low-molecular-weight antibodies. | 1975 | 1237216 |
| a phospholipid-deacylating system of bacteria active in a frozen medium. | a phosphatidylcholine-deacylating system present in a butyrivibrio species (probably fibrisolvens) shows appreciable activity at low temperatures with a maximum hydrolysis rate at--10 degrees c. 2. the rate at--10 degrees c is higher than at 39 degrees c unless the system at the latter temperature is stimulated by adding oleic acid or sodium dodecyl sulphate. 3. the low-temperature phospholipase activity has an absolute requirement for thiol reagents, e.g. cysteine, dithiothreitol or mercaptoeth ... | 1976 | 1259714 |
| intestinal microflora in rats: isolation and characterization of strictly anaerobic bacteria requiring long-chain fatty acids. | three strains of strictly anaerobic bacteria, isolated from the cecal contents of rats, have strict requirements for long-chain fatty acids. the effect of exogenous fatty acids on the growth and fatty acid composition of the bacteria was examined. biohydrogenation of linoleic acid into octadecenoic acid was observed. these observations suggest that long-chain fatty acids in the intestine are factors in controlling the localization and the population levels of indigenous bacteria in vivo in rats. | 1976 | 1267446 |
| structural studies of the polysaccharide antigen of eubacterium saburreum, strain 49. | the polysaccharide antigen produced by eubacterium saburreum, strain l 49, is composed of d-glycero-d-galacto-heptose and a new sugar, tentatively identified as 6-deoxy-d-altro-heptose. it contains chains of alternating (1 leads to 3)- and (1 leads to 6)- linked beta-d-glycero-d-galacto-heptopyranosyl residues, the latter being substituted with 6-deoxy-alpha-heptofuranosyl groups at o-3. the polysaccharide further contains 0-acetyl groups, linked to o-7 of part of the heptosyl residues and to o- ... | 1976 | 1268882 |
| [antibacterial and bactericidal activity of tinidazole against anaerobic bacteria comparing with metronidazole (author's transl)]. | antibacterial activity of tinidazole (1-2-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) against anaerobic bacteria including peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, propionibacterium, bacteroides and fusobacterium was studied by agar dilution method comparing with metronidazole. in addition to this work, bactericidal effect of tinidazole and metronidazole against p. prevotii, b. fragilis ss. fragilis and f. varium was examined by quantitative culture method after incubation in gam broth conta ... | 1976 | 1271586 |
| bile acid biotransformation rates of selected gram-positive and gram-negative intestinal anaerobic bacteria. | | 1976 | 1275920 |
| treatment of anaerobic pulmonary infections; carbenicillin compared to clindamycin and gentamicin. | twenty-three patients with anaerobic infections of the lung were treated with either two antibiotics, clindamycin and gentamicin (11 patients) or with a single antibiotic, carbenicillin (12 patients). cultures were obtained prior to therapy, either by transtracheal needle aspiration (17 patients) or thoracocentesis (six patients). anaerobic bacteria were found in all. fifteen patients had aerobic and facultative bacteria in addition. the anerobic isolates were peptostreptococci (12), peptococci ... | 1976 | 1277892 |
| cleavage efficiencies of model substrates for ribonuclease p from escherichia coli and thermus thermophilus. | we compared cleavage efficiencies of mono-molecular and bipartite model rnas as substrates for rnase p rnas (m1 rnas) and holoenzymes from e. coli and thermus thermophilus, an extreme thermophilic eubacterium. acceptor stem and t arm of pre-trna substrates are essential recognition elements for both enzymes. impairing coaxial stacking of acceptor and t stems and omitting the t loop led to reduced cleavage efficiencies. small model substrates were less efficiently cleaved by m1 rna and rnase p fr ... | 1992 | 1281315 |
| resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobial agents in spain. | as a consequence of antibiotic consumption, the entire microbial ecosystem attached to man is evolving towards resistance. in spain, penicillin resistance (mic > 0.5 mg/l) is found in about 10% of peptostreptococcus, clostridium perfringens and eubacterium, and in 50% of veillonella. cefoxitin resistance ( > 2 mg/l) is present in 10 to 20% of peptostreptococcus and clostridium, and in 50% of eubacterium; 21% of bacteroides (fragilis group) strains are resistant to 16 mg/l. a very low rate of imi ... | 1992 | 1295754 |
| the relationship between clinical symptoms and anaerobic bacteria from infected root canals. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the composition of bacterial flora from infected root canals and clinical symptoms. the materials evaluated consisted of 28 teeth from 25 patients with apical periodontitis. eubacterium were found to be significantly related to acute or chronic clinical symptoms and peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, and porphyromonas gingivalis to subacute clinical symptoms. we suggested that peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, porphyr ... | 1992 | 1298793 |
| x-ray crystal structures of the oxidized and reduced forms of the rubredoxin from the marine hyperthermophilic archaebacterium pyrococcus furiosus. | the structures of the oxidized and reduced forms of the rubredoxin from the archaebacterium, pyrococcus furiosus, an organism that grows optimally at 100 degrees c, have been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 1.8 a. crystals of this rubredoxin grow in space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) with room temperature cell dimensions a = 34.6 a, b = 35.5 a, and c = 44.4 a. initial phases were determined by the method of molecular replacement using the oxidized form of the rubredoxin from the me ... | 1992 | 1303768 |
| structure of the glycan chain from the surface layer glycoprotein of clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum l77-66. | the thermophilic eubacterium clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum l77-66 is covered by a crystalline surface layer composed of identical glycoprotein subunits which are arranged in a hexagonal lattice with centre-to-centre spacings of approx. 14.3 nm. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell wall preparations showed the presence of several broadened, carbohydrate-containing bands in a molecular mass range of 90 to 200 kda. a total carbohydrate content of approx. 14% was de ... | 1992 | 1320936 |
| the rieske fes center from the gram-positive bacterium ps3 and its interaction with the menaquinone pool studied by epr. | the rieske 2fe2s center from bacillus ps3, a gram-positive thermophilic eubacterium, has been studied by epr spectroscopy. its redox midpoint potential at ph 7.0 was determined to be +165 +/- 10 mv and was found to decrease with an apparent slope of -80 mv/ph unit above ph 7.9. the qo-site inhibitor stigmatellin induced spectral changes analogous to those reported for rieske centers from mitochondria and chloroplasts. the redox midpoint potential of the ps3 rieske cluster was not affected by sti ... | 1992 | 1321134 |
| isolation and cloning of omp alpha, a coiled-coil protein spanning the periplasmic space of the ancestral eubacterium thermotoga maritima. | we have discovered a new oligomeric protein component associated with the outer membrane of the ancestral eubacterium thermotoga maritima. in electron micrographs, the protein, omp alpha, appears as a rod-shaped spacer that spans the periplasm, connecting the outer membrane to the inner cell body. purification, biochemical characterization and sequencing of omp alpha suggest that it is a homodimer composed of two subunits of 380 amino acids with a calculated m(r) of 43,000 and a pi of 4.54. the ... | 1992 | 1330536 |
| the nature of the last universal ancestor and the root of the tree of life, still open questions. | the nature of the last universal ancestor to all extent cellular organisms and the rooting of the universal tree of life are fundamental questions which can now be addressed by molecular evolutionists. several scenarios have been proposed during the last years, based on the phylogenies of ribosomal rna and of duplicated proteins, which suggest that the last universal ancestor was either an rna progenote or an hyperthermophilic prokaryote. we discuss these hypotheses in the light of new data on t ... | 1992 | 1337989 |
| the glna gene of the extremely thermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima: cloning, primary structure, and expression in escherichia coli. | the structural gene (glna) encoding the glutamine synthetase (gs) of the extremely thermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima has been cloned on a 6.0 kb hindiii dna fragment. sequencing of the region containing the glna gene (1444 bp) showed an orf encoding a polypeptide (439 residues) with an estimated mass of 50,088 da, which shared significant homology with the gsi sequences of other bacteria (escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis) and archaea (pyrococcus woesei, sulfolobus solfataricus). th ... | 1992 | 1348781 |
| immunoglobulins in milk from cows immunized with oral strains of actinomyces, prevotella, porphyromonas, and fusobacterium. | immunization of pregnant cows with bacteria leads to the presence of high concentrations of specific antibodies in colostrum and milk. a total of 14 cows was immunized with single strains of heat-killed oral bacteria or pools of strains of actinomyces, porphyromonas, prevotella, and fusobacterium. two cows were treated with adjuvant alone. the mean percentages of igg1, igg2, igm, and iga in all of the milks were 83.8, 3.8, 9.3, and 3.1, respectively. elisa and whole cell agglutination assays dem ... | 1992 | 1354674 |
| stability and reconstitution of d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima. | the molecular basis of thermal stability of globular proteins is a highly significant yet unsolved problem. the most promising approach to its solution is the investigation of the structure-function relationship of homologous enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic sources. in this context, d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been the most extensively studied model system. in the present study, the most thermostable homolog isolated so far is described with special emphasis on the st ... | 1992 | 1366231 |
| sequence analysis of an aphid endosymbiont dna fragment containing rpob (beta-subunit of rna polymerase) and portions of rpll and rpoc. | the aphid schizaphis graminum is dependent on an association with a prokaryotic endosymbiont (buchnera aphidicola). the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a 5040 base pair (bp) dna fragment of b. aphidicola, homologous to the rpll-rpob-rpoc portion of the escherichia coli beta operon, was determined. the dna coded for the terminal 35 amino acids of rpll (large ribosomal subunit protein l7/l12), the complete rpob (beta-subunit of rna polymerase), and the first 209 amino acids of rpoc (beta'-subunit of r ... | 1992 | 1369199 |
| phylogenetic evidence for the transfer of eubacterium suis to the genus actinomyces as actinomyces suis comb. nov. | the 16s rrna primary structures of eubacterium suis dsm 20639t (t = type strain) and bifidobacterium bifidum dsm 20456t were determined by sequencing in vitro amplified rdna. sequence comparisons indicated that b. bifidum is moderately related to representatives of the genera actinomyces and mobiluncus. the closest relative of e. suis is actinomyces pyogenes. e. suis and a. pyogenes are more closely related phylogenetically to one another than to the other actinomyces species that have been inve ... | 1992 | 1371060 |
| isolation and identification of intestinal bacteria from japanese tree frog (hlya japonica) with the special reference to anaerobic bacteria. | the bacteria in the large intestines of eight japanese tree frogs (hlya japonica) were enumerated by using an anaerobic culture system. the microorganisms at approximately 3.1 x 10(9) bacteria per g (wet weight) of intestinal contents were present in the intestine of all the frogs tested. no difference of the total bacteria in the frog intestine was observed between two different incubation-temperatures (room temperature and 37 degrees c). eleven genera and 16 species were isolated from the frog ... | 1992 | 1391180 |