| induction of nutritional mutants of micrococcus glutamicus and their amino acid accumulation. | micrococcus glutamicus atcc 13032, a glutamic acid-producing organism, was treated with 0.2m ethylmethane sulfonate, the auxotrophs isolated showing varied patterns of extracellular amino acids. eighty auxotrophic strains were obtained, out of which 31 excreted 1.0-4.0 mg threonine per ml and all the auxotrophs required biotin for growth and production of the amino acid. eleven auxotrophs produced 1.5 to 3.0 mg alanine per ml and these auxotrophs required amino acids for their growth. other auxo ... | 1975 | 163783 |
| [some properties of beta-aspartate kinase from micrococcus glutamicus-95 bacteria]. | kinetic and allosteric properties of beta-asparatatekinase from micrococcus glutamicus-95 were studied. coarse protein fraction, sedimented at 0.8 from saturated (nh4)2so4, was used as an enzyme preparation. curves of the dependency of the enzymatic reaction rate on substrate (l-aspartic acid and atp) concentration were not found to be s-like. however, double reciprocal plotting of the data obtained revealed their deviation from the hyperbolic curve. the effect of amino acids (lysine, threonine, ... | 1975 | 237584 |
| meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate d-dehydrogenase: distribution and the reaction product. | a high activity of meso-alpha-epsilon-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase was found in extracts of bacillus sphaericus, brevibacterium sp., corynebacterium glutamicum, and proteus vulgaris among bacteria tested. b. sphaericus ifo 3525, in which the enzyme is most abundant, was chosen to study the enzyme reaction. the enzyme was not induced by the addition of meso-alpha-epsilon-diaminopimelate to the growth medium. the reaction product was isolated and identified as alpha-amino-epsilon-ketopimelate by ... | 1979 | 762012 |
| observations on lysogeny in glutamic acid bacteria. | induced lysis occurred in a number of different strains of glutamic acid bacteria. mixed culture experiments indicated that induced cultures produce phages or bacteriocins. temperate phages were isolated from two related strains of brevibacterium divaricatum. | 1976 | 823863 |
| distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. | menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 48 corynebacteria and actinomycete strains examined. dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from gordona, mycobacterium, corynebacterium bovis, corynebacterium glutamicum and a strain labelled nocardia farcinica, but dihydromenaquinones having eight isoprene units were characteristic of other corynebacterium species and representatives of the 'rhodochrous' complex. tetrahydromenaquinones having six ... | 1977 | 894261 |
| effects of minerals on the production of methionine by micrococcus glutamicus. | | 1975 | 1218918 |
| studies of the mode of action of amiclenomycin. | amiclenomycin (am) was found to be a strong inhibitor of kapa-dapa aminotransferase of brevibacterium divaricatum. this transamination was suggested to follow ping pong bi bi mechanism. inhibition of this transamination by am is of a noncompetitive type in a lineweaver-burk plot of initial velocity, but not in a dixon plot. the activity of kapa-dapa aminotransferase drops abruptly after preincubation with am, but its activity is restored by dialysis against 10 mm potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7 ... | 1975 | 805119 |
| [formation of b12 auxotrophs among spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutants of corynebacterium glutamicum]. | the spontaneous mutation to streptomycin-resistance (strr) was selective for isolating the definite type of auxotrophs (b12) of grampositive bacteria, corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032. a correlation between the resistance to the antibiotic and the requirement of vitamin b12 of this culture is suggested. | 1978 | 744479 |
| effect of antibiotics, non-ionic detergents, and vitamins on the osmotic barriers of micrococcus glutamicus. | the production of amino acids by the mutant strain, homoserine methionine deficient, of micrococcus glutamicus, was studied through the elucidation of the role of chemical agent affecting the osmotic barriers. penicillin was found to affect the cell wall integrity and to increase greatly the total amino acid content, especially in presence of high biotin content. non-ionic detergents were found to affect the integrity of cytoplasmic membrane. the effect was not similar with the different types o ... | 1978 | 735506 |
| microbial production of essential amino acid with corynebacterium glutamicum mutants. | amino acids produced by microbial process are generally l-forms. the stereospecificity of the amino acids produced by fermentation makes the process advantageous compared with synthetic process. microorganisms employed in microbial process for amino acid production are divided into 4 classes; wild-type strain, auxotrophic mutant, regulatory mutant and auxotrophic regulatory mutant. using such mutants of corynebacterium glutamicum, all the essential amino acids but l-methionine are now being prod ... | 1978 | 727028 |
| determination of redox potential levels critical for cell respiration and suitable for l-leucine production. | the effect of oxygen supply on l-leucine fermentation was investigated employing a leucine-producing mutant of brevibacterium lactofermentum. since it was not possible to measure oxygen tension below 0.01 atm by a teflon-coated oxygen electrode, the degree of satisfaction of the cells' oxygen demand (cells' respiration rate/maximum oxygen demand of cells, rab/krm) and the redox potential of the culture medium (e, mv) were used as indices to oxygen supply in cultures under low oxygen tension. whe ... | 1978 | 623903 |
| [a trial on nutritionally forced mating of conventional glutamate-producing bacteria]. | by nutritionally forced mating, we tried to find the sex factor in glutamate producing bacteria with some auxtrophic mutants of corynebacterium glutamicum, micrococcus glutamicus and brevibacterium divaricatum. we failed to find true mates in this trial, even when the cells cured by acridine orange were used to mate with non-cured ones. there were some positive growth when two densed cell suspensions were dropped on the minimum medium, but after subcultured on the minimum medium no growth was fo ... | 1979 | 583276 |
| aromatic aminotransferases in coryneform bacteria. | species of coryneform bacteria (corynebacterium glutamicum, brevibacterium flavum, and b. ammoniagenes) are capable of transaminating all three of the aromatic pathway intermediates; prephenate, phenylpyruvate, and 4-hydroxy-phenylpyruvate. two molecular species of aromatic aminotransferase (denoted aminotransferase i and aminotransferase ii) were partially purified from c. glutamicum and b. flavum, whereas a single aromatic aminotransferase was isolated from b. ammoniagenes. in both c. glutamic ... | 1979 | 500563 |
| obligatory biosynthesis of l-tyrosine via the pretyrosine branchlet in coryneform bacteria. | species of coryneform bacteria (corynebacterium glutamicum, brevibacterium flavum, and b. ammoniagenes) utilize pretyrosine [beta-(1-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl) alanine] as an intermediate in l-tyrosine biosynthesis. pretyrosine is formed from prephenate via the activity of at least one species of aromatic aminotransferase which is significantly greater with prephenate as substrate than with either phenylpyruvate or 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. pretyrosine dehydrogenase, capable of con ... | 1979 | 457594 |
| free (s,s)-diaminopimelate is not an obligatory intermediate in lysine biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum. | | 1979 | 421912 |
| stimulation of humoral immunity by peptidoglycan monomer from brevibacterium divaricatum. | peptidoglycan monomer (pgm), a water soluble and nontoxic disaccharide pentapeptide unit obtained from brevibacterium divaricatum, was administered intravenously into mice, and the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes was assayed by means of jerne's technique for plaque-forming cells (pfc) in the spleen. the pfc response was evidently stimulated. the counts were increased to practically the same extent over a great range of doses of pgm (from 25 to 1600 microgram per animal), and the ef ... | 1979 | 380198 |
| a high efficiency flow cytometer. | a flow chamber has been developed which collects about 60% of the total cell fluorescence for analysis compared to about 2.5% for conventional flow systems. the chamber, an ellipsoid of revolution, is gold-plated for increased reflectivity. fluorochrome-stained cells enter the flow cell directly above the primary focus of the ellipsoid at the rate of 1000 cell/sec. a focused argon-ion laser beam enters the flow cell parallel to the semiminor axis and intersects the cell stream at the primary foc ... | 1977 | 330729 |
| [cloning the asd and lysc genes from cornyebacterium glutamicum]. | plasmids carrying an asd gene from a mutant. s-(2-aminoaethyl)-l-cysteine resistant strain of corynebacterium glutamicum were selected from a clonoteque constructed on a plasmid cloning vector psl5 by complementation of asd mutation in escherichia coli. evidence has been obtained that the cloned chromosomal dna fragment contains also a complete sequence for feed-back-resistant aspartokinase lysc gene. | 1992 | 1454080 |
| isolation procedure and properties of monomer unit from lysozyme digest of peptidoglycan complex excreted into the medium by penicillin-treated brevibacterium divaricatum mutant. | 1. the peptidoglycan complex excreted in large amounts into the medium by the biotin-requiring mutant brevibacterium divaricatum nrrl-2311 incubated in the presence of penicillin for 1 h has been investigated. a convenient isolation procedure with high yield for the pure monomeric unit from lysozyme digest of the accumulated polymer is described. 2. it is shown that the released peptidoglycan possesses the linear uncross-linked structure made of repeating disaccharide-pentapeptide unit [glcnac-m ... | 1979 | 256515 |
| [effect of amino acids on the beta-aspartokinase activity from corynebacterium glutamicum of wild and mutant strains]. | the effect of amino acids, their structural analogs and ammonium sulphate on the enzyme activity of beta-aspartokinase isolated from corynebacterium glutamicum was studied. two strains were used: one of the wild type and the other--a mutant strain whose growth remains uninhibited by a simultaneous addition of threonine and s-2-aminoethylcysteine, a lysine analog. significant differences in the effect of amino acids and their analogs on the beta-aspartokinase activity of the parental and mutant s ... | 1978 | 209438 |
| [characteristics of nucleoside and pyrimidine base metabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum]. | corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 can utilize uridine as a sole source of carbon for its growth. uridine degradation seems to be catalysed by hydrolase since it does not depend on the presence of phosphorus when the enzyme activity is assayed in vitro. other nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, deoxyuridine, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine) cannot serve as a source of carbon for the growth of the bacterium. the label of thymidine-3h (methyl) is not incorporated int ... | 1978 | 151772 |
| manipulation of corynebacterium glutamicum by gene disruption and replacement. | we have developed a system for the genetic manipulation of the amino acid-producing corynebacterium glutamicum. gene disruption and replacement were achieved by introducing, via conjugation, escherichia coli vector plasmids carrying manipulated c. glutamicum dna fragments. we obtained stable mutants in which the chromosomal lysa gene, encoding meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase, was interrupted by a chloramphenicol resistance cartridge, or in which an essential internal part of the lysa gene was ... | 1991 | 1367217 |
| construction of vector of brevibacterium lactofermentum and study of its stability in continuous culture. | a 5.7-kb vector plasmid pbk2 was constructed by ligating the kanamycin resistance gene from escherichia coli plasmid pacyc177 to an endogenous cryptic 4.4-kb plasmid of brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc 21086. the vector replicates efficiently and is stably maintained in the host and other coryneforms. however, the copy number varied from 50 to 10 per chromosome-equivalent under different culture conditions. continuous culture studies showed instability when low dilution rates were used. co-cul ... | 1990 | 1366813 |
| cloning of a dna fragment from corynebacterium glutamicum conferring aminoethyl cysteine resistance and feedback resistance to aspartokinase. | the corynebacterium glutamicum/escherichia coli shuttle vector plasmid pz1 was used to clone the s-(2-aminoethyl)-d,l-cysteine (aec)-resistance gene from a lysine-excreting, aec-resistant strain of c. glutamicum, the aspartokinase activity of which was released from feedback inhibition by mixtures of lysine and threonine or aec and threonine respectively. a recombinant plasmid designated pcs2 carrying a 9.9-kb chromosomal insert that conferred aec resistance and the ability to excrete lysine to ... | 1990 | 1366393 |
| expression of the bacillus subtilis sacb gene leads to sucrose sensitivity in the gram-positive bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum but not in streptomyces lividans. | the expression of the structural gene (sacb) encoding bacillus subtilis levansucrase in two gram-positive soil bacteria, corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 and streptomyces lividans 1326, was investigated. sacb expression in the presence of sucrose is lethal to c. glutamicum but not to s. lividans. while s. lividans secretes levansucrase into the medium, we could show that the enzyme is retained by c. glutamicum cells. our results imply that the sacb gene can be used as a positive selection s ... | 1992 | 1644774 |
| carrier-mediated glutamate secretion by corynebacterium glutamicum under biotin limitation. | previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a carrier system in glutamate secretion by corynebacterium glutamicum under biotin limitation (hoischen, c. and krämer, r. (1989) arch. microbiol. 151, 342-347). in a detailed analysis of the export process we found secretion to be independent of secondary forces: (i) glutamate was secreted at high rate even when external glutamate exceeded the internal concentration, (ii) movement of neither protons nor potassium or chloride ions was found t ... | 1992 | 1358200 |
| assay for n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase in serum by determination of muramic acid released from the peptidoglycan of brevibacterium divaricatum. | a method is reported for the determination of n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase in serum. muramic acid, released from the interpeptide bridges of brevibacterium divaricatum peptidoglycan, is measured by a modified colorimetric method. using this procedure, it was possible to determine n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase in aliquots of less than 10 microliters human serum with an incubation time of 10 min. amidase activity was found in all the sera tested (n = 11). the relevance of this simple and ... | 1992 | 1350922 |
| cloning of dapd, arod and asd of leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, and nucleotide sequence of the asd gene. | metabolites such as diaminopimelate and some aromatic derivatives, not synthesized in mammalian cells, are essential for growth of bacteria. as a first step towards the design of a new human live vaccine that uses attenuated strains of leptospira interrogans, the asd, arod and dapd genes, encoding aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 3-dehydroquinase and tetrahydrodipicolinate n-succinyltransferase, respectively, were cloned by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. the complete nucl ... | 1992 | 1348268 |
| gram-positive bacteria with a high dna g+c content are characterized by a common insertion within their 23s rrna genes. | an insertion of about 100 bases within the central part of the 23s rrna genes was found to be a phylogenetic marker for the bacterial line of descent of gram-positive bacteria with a high dna g + c content. the insertion was present in 23s rrna genes of 64 strains representing the major phylogenetic groups of gram-positive bacteria with a high dna g+c content, whereas it was not found in 23s rrna genes of 55 (eu)bacteria representing gram-positive bacteria with a low dna g + c content and all ot ... | 1992 | 1326592 |
| estimation for model parameters of batch fermentation kinetics. | based on the widely accepted mathematical model of fermentation kinetics, an analytical solution is deduced in this paper. to describe the feature of batch fermentation, the parameters of the fermentation kinetics in the analytical solution (i.e., mumax, ks, beta, yg, yp, and m) are estimated at one strike with powell optimization algorithm coded in fortran-77. the experimental data in the example is quoted from a batch lysine fermentation process using corynebacterium glutamicum. the result sho ... | 1992 | 1295601 |
| [effect of oleic acid and tween-80 on lysine synthesis by the culture corynebacterium glutamicum]. | the effect of oxidized and unoxidized oleic acid and tween-80 on the growth and lysine synthesis by the producers c. glutamicum strains 95, 8, 28 was investigated. surface active substances like oxidized and unoxidized oleic acid and tween-80 during cultivation of the lysine producers on the glucose medium (the synthetic medium) and the medium with molasses and corn extract either inhibited the culture growth, thus reducing lysine yield, or accelerated the culture growth, thus increasing lysine ... | 1975 | 1208392 |
| [regulation of lysine biosynthesis in the leucine-dependent mutant of micrococcus glutamicus]. | the role of leucine in metabolism of micrococcus glutamicus was examined in relation to the lysis synthesis by the homoserine- and leucine-dependent strains of m. glutamicus 106 and the homoserine-dependent strain of m. glutamicus 95. in addition to the growth function, leucine produced a controlling effect on the yield of the end product. in the presence of leucine the inhibitory effect of isoleucine on the lysine yield was reduced or reversed. the end effect depended on the leucine: isoleucine ... | 1975 | 1208391 |
| effect of mineral elements on the production of threonine by micrococcus glutamicus. | | 1975 | 1121932 |
| electroporation-transformation system for coryneform bacteria by auxotrophic complementation. | we evaluated electroporation as an alternative system for genetic exchange for one of the coryneform bacteria, brevibacterium flavum mj233. the maximum number of transformants, 6 x 10(4) cells, was obtained when cells were cultured with penicillin g (1 u/ml) and harvested at the middle-log phase. electroporation was done using 12.5 kv/cm of pulse field strength, 1 x 10(10) cells, and 1 microgram of plasmid dna. other coryneform bacteria, brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc 13869, corynebacterium ... | 1990 | 1368509 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of nucleotide sequence of the bacillus subtilis lysa gene region using b. subtilis phage vectors and a multi-copy plasmid, pub110. | a 3.8-kb ecori-fragment containing the lysa gene [diaminopimelate (dap) decarboxylase] of bacillus subtilis has been cloned into b. subtilis phage phi 105 and its nucleotides sequenced. the nucleotide sequence of a 3,762 bp stretch contained three open reading frames (orf1, orf2, and orf3) in one orientation and another open reading frame (orf4) in the opposite orientation. orf2 coded for the lysa gene based on the complementation of a b. subtilis lys auxotroph and on the fact that the predicted ... | 1991 | 1368705 |
| structural organization of the corynebacterium glutamicum plasmid pcg100. | pcg100, a 3 kb cryptic plasmid of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13058, probably identical with psr1 from c. glutamicum atcc 19223, was characterized. the minimum region for autonomous replication was shown to be contained on a 1.9 kb bglii-ncoi fragment; a 380 bp hindiii-sphi fragment can replicate in the presence of the parental plasmid, which presumably provides a trans-acting replication factor. derivatives of pcg100 are able to replicate in several corynebacterium, brevibacterium and arthr ... | 1991 | 1748866 |
| on-line assessment of metabolic activities based on culture redox potential and dissolved oxygen profiles during aerobic fermentation. | we report here on the utility of on-line culture redox potential and dissolved oxygen measurements to identify metabolic changes in fermentation by corynebacterium glutamicum under aerobic conditions. metabolic changes were identified by observing discrepancies in the profile of culture redox potential and dissolved oxygen. on the basis of these measurements, we can identify the end of the lag phase, threonine exhaustion, and glucose exhaustion during fermentation. | 1992 | 1369041 |
| expression of streptomyces genes encoding extracellular enzymes in brevibacterium lactofermentum: secretion proceeds by removal of the same leader peptide as in streptomyces lividans. | the alpha-amylase gene (amy) from streptomyces griseus imru 3570 and the beta-galactosidase gene (lac) from s. lividans were subcloned into brevibacterium lactofermentum or b. lactofermentum/escherichia coli shuttle vectors. the amy gene was not expressed in b. lactofermentum from its own promoter but was efficiently expressed when the promoter of the kanamycin resistance gene (kan) was inserted upstream of the promoterless amylase gene. the lac gene from s. lividans was subcloned without its na ... | 1992 | 1369160 |
| amplification of three threonine biosynthesis genes in corynebacterium glutamicum and its influence on carbon flux in different strains. | the hom-thrb operon (homoserine dehydrogenase/homoserine kinase) and the thrc gene (threonine synthase) of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13,032 and the homfbr (homoserine dehydrogenase resistant to feedback inhibition by threonine) alone as well as homfbr-thrb operon of c. glutamicum dm 368-3 were cloned separately and in combination in the escherichia coli/c. glutamicum shuttle vector pek0 and introduced into different corynebacterial strains. all recombinant strains showed 8- to 20-fold high ... | 1991 | 1369320 |
| genetic breeding of l-tyrosine producer from brevibacterium lactofermentum. | a wild-type parent of brevibacterium lactofermentum was converted into an l-tyr producer by three steps of genetic breeding. first, acquirement of m-fluoro-d, l-phenylalanine resistance (1,000 microgram/ml) brought about mf1317 which produced 3.5 g/l of l-tyr and a byproduct of 2.8 g/l of l-phe. second, increase in the drug resistance (5,000 microgram/ml) gave mf358 that produced 6.4 g/l of l-tyr and a byproduct of 6.0 g/l of l-phe. third, an l-phe auxotrophic mutant (ft-1) derived from mf358 ac ... | 1990 | 1369436 |
| cloning and characterization of genes responsible for m-fluoro-d,l-phenylalanine resistance in brevibacterium lactofermentum. | two kinds of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-hepturosonate-7-phosphate (dahp) synthase genes were cloned from an l-phe-producing mutant of brevibacterium lactofermentum, aj11957, which was resistant to m-fluoro-d,l-phenylalanine (mfp) and p-fluoro-d,l-phenylalanine (pfp) and which had dahp synthase free from feedback inhibition. both genes were cloned using a vector plasmid, paj1844, and the resulting recombinant plasmids were named par1 and par2. they had different structures on the restriction maps. both pl ... | 1990 | 1369437 |
| a family of corynebacterium glutamicum/escherichia coli shuttle vectors for cloning, controlled gene expression, and promoter probing. | a new family of vectors including cloning vectors (pek0; pec5), an expression vector (pekex1), and promoter probe vectors (pekpllacz; pekplcm), has been constructed. all these shuttle vectors are based on the replication origins of the corynebacterial pbl1 and the escherichia coli cole1 plasmids, and thus are able to replicate in corynebacterium glutamicum and e. coli. plasmids pek0 and pec5 carry multiple restriction sites useful for gene cloning and the kanamycin- or chloramphenicol-resistance ... | 1991 | 1864513 |
| the bleomycin resistance gene of transposon tn5 is an excellent marker for transformation of corynebacteria. | corynebacteria are highly sensitive to the glycopeptide antibiotic bleomycin. the bleomycin resistance gene of transposon tn5 is expressed very efficiently in brevibacterium lactofermentum. this gene constitutes an excellent marker for selection of transformants of corynebacteria. the bleomycin resistance gene is expressed from the same promoter as the neomycin resistance gene, which is already used as marker in many vectors of corynebacteria. the promoter of the neo-ble cluster is expressed in ... | 1992 | 1373065 |
| identification, sequence analysis, and expression of a corynebacterium glutamicum gene cluster encoding the three glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and triosephosphate isomerase. | to investigate a possible chromosomal clustering of glycolytic enzyme genes in corynebacterium glutamicum, a 6.4-kb dna fragment located 5' adjacent to the structural phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepcx) gene ppc was isolated. sequence analysis of the ppc-proximal part of this fragment identified a cluster of three glycolytic genes, namely, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) gene gap, the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) gene pgk, and the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene ... | 1992 | 1400158 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of the csp1 gene encoding ps1, one of the two major secreted proteins of corynebacterium glutamicum: the deduced n-terminal region of ps1 is similar to the mycobacterium antigen 85 complex. | two proteins, ps1 and ps2, were detected in the culture medium of corynebacterium glutamicum and are the major proteins secreted by this bacterium. no enzymatic activity was identified for either of the two proteins. immunologically cross-reacting proteins were found in a variety of c. glutamicum strains but not in the coryneform arthrobacter aureus. the gene encoding ps1, csp1, was cloned in lambda gt11 using polyclonal antibodies raised against ps1 to screen for producing clones. the csp1 gene ... | 1992 | 1406274 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of the p-protein gene (phea) of pseudomonas stutzeri in escherichia coli: implications for evolutionary relationships in phenylalanine biosynthesis. | the phea gene encoding the bifunctional p-protein (chorismate mutase:prephenate dehydratase) was cloned from pseudomonas stutzeri and sequenced. this is the first gene of phenylalanine biosynthesis to be cloned and sequenced from pseudomonas. the phea gene was expressed in escherichia coli, allowing complementation of an e. coli phea auxotroph. the enzymic and physical properties of the p-protein from a recombinant e. coli auxotroph expressing the phea gene were identical to those of the native ... | 1991 | 1919506 |
| functional and structural analyses of threonine dehydratase from corynebacterium glutamicum. | threonine dehydratase activity is an important element in the flux control of isoleucine biosynthesis. the enzyme of corynebacterium glutamicum demonstrates a marked sigmoidal dependence of initial velocity on the threonine concentration, a dependence that is consistent with substrate-promoted conversion of the enzyme from a low-activity to a high-activity conformation. in the presence of the negative allosteric effector isoleucine, the k0.5 increased from 21 to 78 mm and the cooperativity, as e ... | 1992 | 1459955 |
| excretion of glutamate from corynebacterium glutamicum triggered by amine surfactants. | corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the industrial production of glutamate. excretion of the amino acid may be induced by various means. we have analyzed the characteristics of glutamate excretion induced by two amine surfactants, dodecylammonium acetate (da) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (dta). addition of these surfactants induced an immediate efflux of internal glutamate. it also induced a perturbation of the energetic parameters of the cell (decrease of delta mu h, decrease of the ... | 1992 | 1543710 |
| molecular analysis of the corynebacterium glutamicum gdh gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase. | the corynebacterium glutamicum gdh gene encoding nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) has been isolated by complementation of the escherichia coli gdh mutant pa340. the gdh gene was subcloned into the e. coli/c. glutamicum shuttle vector pek0 and introduced into c. glutamicum. recombinant strains showed approximately eightfold higher specific gdh activity (15u mg protein-1) relative to the wild type (1.8u mg protein-1). physiological studies with wild-type and recombinant c. glutamicum s ... | 1992 | 1552846 |
| the corynebacterium glutamicum aecd gene encodes a c-s lyase with alpha, beta-elimination activity that degrades aminoethylcysteine. | s-(beta-aminoethyl)-cysteine (aec) resistance was achieved in corynebacterium glutamicum by cloning a chromosomal 1.5-kb ecorv-bglii dna fragment on a multicopy plasmid. dna sequence analysis of the 1.5-kb dna fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf326) which represents the aec resistance gene, designated aecd. the aecd gene directs the synthesis of a 36-kda protein which was visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the aecd gene is a nonessential gene and me ... | 1992 | 1569026 |
| lysine excretion by corynebacterium glutamicum. 2. energetics and mechanism of the transport system. | lysine excretion in corynebacterium glutamicum was characterized as secondary transport process. it is modulated by three forces: the membrane potential, the chemical potential of lysine, and the proton gradient. the atp content of the cells did not correlate with the export activity. lysine is excreted in symport with presumably two oh- ions which is not distinguishable experimentally from an antiport mechanism against two protons. the substrate-loaded carrier is uncharged. when the external su ... | 1991 | 1657604 |
| 'integron'-bearing vectors: a method suitable for stable chromosomal integration in highly restrictive corynebacteria. | a pbr322-derived plasmid (pcgl107) that carries the corynebacterium melassecola atcc17965 analogue of escherichia coli gdha gene (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase), was introduced into the related strain, brevibacterium lactofermentum cgl2002, by electroporation and integrated into its chromosome by homologous recombination. however, pcgl107 cannot integrate into c. melassecola, since the host restriction prevents successful electroporation by e. coli-modified dna. nevertheless, b. lactofermentu ... | 1991 | 1660430 |
| characterization of pga1, a new plasmid from corynebacterium glutamicum lp-6. | a new plasmid, pga1, has been isolated from corynebacterium glutamicum lp-6, and its detailed restriction map has been prepared. the 4.9-kb plasmid has a g + c content of 57%. it replicates in c. glutamicum atcc13032 and is compatible with the three other plasmids, pcc1, pbl1 and phm1519, commonly used for vector construction for amino acid-producing corynebacteria. fusions of pga1 with different escherichia coli replicons (transferred from e. coli to corynebacterium via transformation of sphero ... | 1991 | 1660431 |
| molecular analysis of the corynebacterium glutamicum lysl gene involved in lysine uptake. | two corynebacterium glutamicum mutants defective in lysine uptake were identified by analysing mutants resistant to s-(2-aminoethyl)-cysteine (aec). a 5.6 kb genomic dna fragment restoring aec sensitivity and lysine uptake was isolated. a 4.2 kb subfragment was sequenced and three open reading frames were identified. subcloning and gene disruption experiments showed that only the first open reading frame, termed lysl, is involved in lysine uptake. lysl consists of 501 amino acids with a mr of 53 ... | 1991 | 1667221 |
| stabilization of a miniderivative of the broad-host-range incw plasmid psa by insertion of plasmid r1 parb region. | the plasmid vector pem100 (13.5 kb) constructed from pgv1106, a miniderivative of the broad-host-range incw psa plasmid, and the pam330 plasmid of brevibacterium lactofermentum is not stably maintained in escherichia coli host cells under nonselective growth conditions. by insertion of a 0.9 kb dna fragment containing the parb locus (responsible for the maintenance of plasmid r1 in e. coli cells) to plasmid pem100, plasmid pem110 was prepared which is maintained in a population of e. coli cells ... | 1991 | 1668749 |
| discrimination of corynebacterium glutamicum, brevibacterium flavum and brevibacterium lactofermentum by restriction pattern analysis of dna adjacent to the hom gene. | different strains of corynebacterium glutamicum, brevibacterium flavum, and brevibacterium lactofermentum were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphism using the homoserine dehydrogenase gene (hom) as a probe. the hybridization patterns obtained pvuii- or asp700-restriction of chromosomal dna were specific and distinguishable for each of the three species and identical for the different strains of each species. thus, the method employed allows rapid distinction of corynebacterium gl ... | 1991 | 1682208 |
| transfer of brevibacterium divaricatum dsm 20297t, "brevibacterium flavum" dsm 20411, "brevibacterium lactofermentum" dsm 20412 and dsm 1412, and corynebacterium glutamicum and their distinction by rrna gene restriction patterns. | the results of dna-dna hybridization and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that the glutamic acid producers brevibacterium divaricatum dsm 20297t (t=type strain), "brevibacterium flavum" dsm 20411, "brevibacterium lactofermentum" dsm 1412 and dsm 20412, corynebacterium lilium dsm 20137t, and corynebacterium glutamicum dsm 20300t and dsm 20163 are members of the same species. it is proposed that all of these strains should be classified in the species corynebacterium glutamicum. another glutamic a ... | 1991 | 1713055 |
| improved vectors for transcriptional signal screening in corynebacteria. | new promoter-probe and terminator-probe shuttle vectors for escherichia coli and corynebacteria were constructed. these vectors, working with the uida gene of e. coli as reporter gene, are very useful for the cloning and subsequent analysis of transcriptional regulatory signals. the beta-glucuronidase encoding activity of uida can be easily detected on agar plates containing chromogenic substrates such as 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-glucuronide (x-gluc). in the terminator-probe vector put2 ... | 1991 | 1722768 |
| cyclohexadienyl dehydratase from pseudomonas aeruginosa. molecular cloning of the gene and characterization of the gene product. | the gene encoding cyclohexadienyl dehydratase (denoted phec) was cloned from pseudomonas aeruginosa by functional complementation of a phea auxotroph of escherichia coli. the gene was highly expressed in e. coli due to the use of the high-copy number vector puc18. the p. aeruginosa cyclohexadienyl dehydratase expressed in e. coli was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the latter enzyme exhibited identical physical and biochemical properties as those obtained for cyclohexadienyl dehydratase ... | 1992 | 1733946 |
| a c-terminal deletion in corynebacterium glutamicum homoserine dehydrogenase abolishes allosteric inhibition by l-threonine. | in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and corynebacterium glutamicum, homoserine dehydrogenase (hd), the enzyme after the branch point of the threonine/methionine and lysine biosynthetic pathways, is allosterically inhibited by l-threonine. to investigate the regulation of the c. glutamicum hd enzyme by l-threonine, the structural gene, hom, was mutated by uv irradiation of whole cells to obtain a deregulated allele, homdr. l-threonine inhibits the wild-type (wt) enzyme with a ki of 0.16 mm. th ... | 1991 | 1743520 |
| analysis of the promoter region of saf, a streptomyces griseus gene that increases production of extracellular enzymes. | the product of the saf gene of streptomyces griseus atcc10137 mediated an increase in the production of several extracellular enzymes and retarded the formation of pigments and spores in streptomyces [daza et al., mol. gen. genet. 222 (1990) 384-392]. a promoter upstream from saf was identified by subcloning a dna fragment in the promoter probe pij486. using the escherichia coli-brevibacterium lactofermentum promoter-probe shuttle vector, pulmj51, we determined that the saf promoter region is al ... | 1991 | 1761232 |
| purification of prephenate dehydratase from corynebacterium glutamicum by affinity chromatography. | prephenate dehydratase has been purified from the wild type strain corynebacterium glutamicum by affinity chromatography. three ligands, l-trp, l-tyr, and l-phe have been tested as well as conditions for elution. l-phe is the most specific ligand: it leads to a purification factor of 11 in one step using step gradients of nacl in tris-hcl buffer at ph 7.5. | 1991 | 1780276 |
| characterization of the natural deletion mutant of plasmid pxz10145 in corynebacterium glutamicum and construction of a recombinant plasmid. | plasmid pnat65, carrying the chloramphenicol resistance marker, was chosen from a number of natural deletion mutants of pxz10145 when pxz10145 dna, originally isolated from corynebacterium glutamicum 1014-6t, was used to transform the protoplast of corynebacterium crenatum t6-13. the size of pnat65 was 2.4 kb, determined by electrophoresis on 0.7% agarose gel. the physical map of plasmid pnat65 was determined. one recombinant plasmid, pnar67, was constructed with the dna fragments of pnat65 and ... | 1991 | 1824239 |
| effect of tween 80 and dimethyl sulfoxide on biosynthesis of l-lysine in regulatory mutants of corynebacterium glutamicum. | by using dimethyl sulfoxide or tween 80 (1 or 0.2%), the production of l-lysine was increased by 20-28 and 23-25%, respectively, in regulatory mutant strains of corynebacterium glutamicum. the stimulation observed is supposed to be caused by influencing cellular surface structures. | 1991 | 1841877 |
| construction and characterization of promoter-probe vectors for corynebacteria using the kanamycin-resistance reporter gene. | several multicopy promoter-probe plasmid vectors have been constructed that replicate in brevibacterium lactofermentum and related coryneform amino acid-producing bacteria. transcriptional activity is detected by the expression of a promoter-less aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (kan) derived from transposon tn5; expression of this gene confers kanamycin resistance in b. lactofermentum. an efficient transcriptional terminator from the b. lactofermentum trp operon has been inserted upstream ... | 1991 | 1849494 |
| analysis of a corynebacterium glutamicum hom gene coding for a feedback-resistant homoserine dehydrogenase. | from a corynebacterium glutamicum mutant possessing a homoserine dehydrogenase resistant to feedback inhibition by l-threonine, the corresponding gene (homfbr) was analyzed and compared with the wild-type hom gene. dna fragment exchange experiments between both genes showed that a 0.23-kb region close to the 3' terminus of homfbr was responsible for deregulation. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a single transition from g to a in homfbr leading to replacement of glycine-378 by glutamate in ... | 1991 | 1902466 |
| [use of a phage-plasmid vector for studying the expression of genes coding for the biosynthesis of threonine by corynebacterium glutamicum in the mini-cell escherichia coli system]. | | 1991 | 1902549 |
| a functionally split pathway for lysine synthesis in corynebacterium glutamicium. | three different pathways of d,l-diaminopimelate and l-lysine synthesis are known in procaryotes. determinations of the corresponding enzyme activities in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus sphaericus verified the fact that in each of these bacteria only one of the possible pathways operates. however, in corynebacterium glutamicum activities are present which allow in principle the use of the dehydrogenase variant and succinylase variant of lysine synthesis together. applying gene- ... | 1991 | 1906065 |
| lysine excretion by corynebacterium glutamicum. 1. identification of a specific secretion carrier system. | corynebacterium glutamicum effectively excretes lysine when the internal lysine concentration is elevated. lysine efflux was investigated using selected mutants which are not able to regulate lysine biosynthesis by feedback inhibition. secretion of lysine is not the consequence of unspecific permeability of the plasma membrane but is mediated by a secretion carrier which is specific for lysine. lysine export is characterized by high activation energy and follows michaelis-menten type kinetics wi ... | 1991 | 1935969 |
| expression, secretion, and processing of staphylococcal nuclease by corynebacterium glutamicum. | the gene for staphylococcal nuclease (snase), an extracellular enzyme of staphylococcus aureus, was introduced into corynebacterium glutamicum. the heterologous gene was expressed in this host organism, and snase was efficiently exported to the culture medium. amino-terminal sequencing of snase secreted by c. glutamicum revealed that the signal peptide was apparently cleaved off at precisely the same position as in the original host, s. aureus. as with s. aureus, a second smaller form of snase ( ... | 1992 | 1548234 |
| 1h-n.m.r. studies of a natural immunoadjuvant peptidoglycan monomer: proposed structure in solution in methyl sulfoxide. | the conformation in solution in methyl sulfoxide of the immunoadjuvant peptidoglycan monomer (pgm), obtained by digestion with lysozyme of the linear peptidoglycan polymer isolated from brevibacterium divaricatum, was studied by 1h-n.m.r. spectroscopy. the temperature dependence of the chemical shift of the resonances of the amide protons suggested that the amino group of alanine-5 is involved in hydrogen bonding, most probably to the alpha-carbonyl of the isoglutamine which showed restricted ro ... | 1990 | 2346938 |
| cloning, organization and functional analysis of ilva, ilvb and ilvc genes from corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrially important bacterium for the manufacture of amino acids. we constructed genomic libraries of this gram+ bacterium and screened for clones carrying isoleucine biosynthesis genes (ilv) by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. clones complementing ilva, ilvb, and ilvc were isolated. as based on the functional analysis of the corresponding plasmids in c. glutamicum, the dna fragments isolated encode threonine dehydratase, acetohydroxy acid synthase ... | 1992 | 1551588 |
| studies on the utilization of lactose by corynebacterium glutamicum, bearing the lactose operon of escherichia coli. | the entire escherichia coli lactose operon was inserted into an e. coli/corynebacterium glutamicum shuttle vector and introduced into the gram-positive host organism c. glutamicum r 163. recombinant c. glutamicum strains carrying the lac genes downstream of an efficient promoter displayed rapid growth with lactose as the sole source of carbon. two prerequisites were necessary to obtain good growth of c. glutamicum r 163 on lactose: presence of the lacy gene in addition to lacz and an appropriate ... | 1991 | 1953301 |
| keratinolytic activity of cutaneous and oral bacteria. | a test was developed to measure the keratinolytic activity of cutaneous and oral bacteria. keratin, labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, was used in a phosphate buffer (ph 7.2) with 1 mm dithiothreitol. the degradation of keratin was estimated by measuring the fluorescence of the degradation products in the supernatant of the reaction mixtures in a luminescence spectrometer. several oral and cutaneous bacteria were investigated: bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides intermedius, treponema dent ... | 1987 | 2434427 |
| genetic and biochemical analysis of the aspartokinase from corynebacterium glutamicum. | the lysc/asd gene cluster of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 was cloned and sequenced. the lysc locus coding for aspartokinase consists of two in-frame overlapping genes, lysc alpha encoding a protein of 421 amino acids (mr 44,300) and lysc beta encoding a protein of 172 amino acids (mr 18,600). the c. glutamicum aspartokinase was purified and found to contain two proteins of mr 47,000 and mr 18,000. a c. glutamicum mutant expressing a feedback-resistant aspartokinase was shown to be chang ... | 1991 | 1956296 |
| membrane alteration is necessary but not sufficient for effective glutamate secretion in corynebacterium glutamicum. | we showed recently that secretion of glutamate in biotin-limited cells of corynebacterium glutamicum is mediated by carrier systems in the plasma membrane (c. hoischen and r. krämer, arch. microbiol. 151:342-347, 1989). in view of the generally accepted hypothesis that glutamate efflux is directly caused by alterations of the membrane, it was necessary to examine the kind of correlation between changes in lipid content and composition of the bacterial membrane and glutamate secretion activity. t ... | 1990 | 1971623 |
| aspartokinase genes lysc alpha and lysc beta overlap and are adjacent to the aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene asd in corynebacterium glutamicum. | a 2.1 kb dna fragment of the recombinant plasmid pcs2, isolated from an aminoethyl cysteine (aec)-resistant and lysine-producing corynebacterium glutamicum mutant strain, and which confers aec resistance and lysine production on the wild-type g. glutamicum atcc 13032 was analysed. dna sequence analysis of this fragment revealed three large open reading frames (orfs). the incomplete orf1 does not contain the 5' end of the coding region. orf2, which uses the same reading frame as orf1, is identica ... | 1990 | 1980002 |
| uptake of glutamate in corynebacterium glutamicum. 1. kinetic properties and regulation by internal ph and potassium. | the active uptake system for glutamate in corynebacterium glutamicum is inducible by growth on glutamate as sole energy and carbon source and is also susceptible to catabolite repression by glucose. the basic level of uptake activity is low in glucose-grown cells (1.5 nmol.mg dry mass-1.min-1), it is intermediate when acetate is the carbon source (3.8 nmol.mg dry mass-1.min-1) and becomes fully induced by glutamate (15 nmol.mg dry mass-1.min-1). in all cases the uptake has, except for different ... | 1990 | 1980106 |
| molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and fine-structural analysis of the corynebacterium glutamicum fda gene: structural comparison of c. glutamicum fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase to class i and class ii aldolases. | the corynebacterium glutamicum fda gene encoding fructose-1,6-biphosphate (fbp) aldolase has been isolated by complementation of an escherichia coli mutant. the nucleotide sequence of a 3371 bp chromosomal fragment containing the c. glutamicum fda gene was determined. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of c. glutamicum fbp aldolase identified the correct initiation site for the fda gene, and a molecular weight of 37,092 was predicted for the fda polypeptide. s1 nuclease mapping identified the tr ... | 1989 | 2615658 |
| uptake of glutamate in corynebacterium glutamicum. 2. evidence for a primary active transport system. | the inducible glutamate uptake system in corynebacterium glutamicum (krämer, r., lambert, c., hoischen, c. & ebbighausen, h., preceding paper in this journal) was characterized with respect to its mechanism and energy coupling. all possible secondary active uptake mechanisms can be excluded. glutamate transport is not coupled to the translocation of h+, na+ or k+ ions. although changes in membrane potential and uptake activity cannot completely be separated, no correlation between these two para ... | 1990 | 1980107 |
| na(+)-dependent succinate uptake in corynebacterium glutamicum. | succinate is effectively taken up by washed cells of corynebacterium glutamicum. the apparent km value of uptake is about 150 microm and the vmax 4-7 nmol (mg dry weight)-1 min-1 and uptake can be competetively inhibited by fumarate and oxaloacetate. the activation energy was determined to be 50 kj/mol. the transport activity is clearly dependent on the presence of na+ ions in the incubation medium and on the membrane potential and has a ph optimum around 8.5. it is concluded that succinate is t ... | 1991 | 2004698 |
| identification of plasmid partition function in coryneform bacteria. | we have identified and characterized a partition function that is required for stable maintenance of plasmids in the coryneform bacteria brevibacterium flavum mj233 and corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 31831. this function is localized to a hindiii-nspv fragment (673 bp) adjacent to the replication region of the plasmid, named pby503, from brevibacterium stationis ifo 12144. the function was independent of copy number control and was not associated directly with plasmid replication functions. thi ... | 1991 | 2039232 |
| nucleotide sequence and organization of the upstream region of the corynebacterium glutamicum lysa gene. | maximum expression of the corynebacterium glutamicum lysa gene is dependent upon the presence of a 2.3 kb region immediately 5' of the lysa reading frame. subcloning and functional analysis of the upstream region implied that this region contained the lysa promoter. sequence determination of the upstream region revealed a single open reading frame, orfx, in the same orientation as lysa. the orfx coding sequence exhibited all the sequence characteristics of a gene with the potential for a 550-ami ... | 1990 | 2082143 |
| interspecies electro-transformation in corynebacteria. | plasmid dna was efficiently electro-transformed into intact cells of nine corynebacteria strains belonging to brevibacterium lactofermentum, brevibacterium flavum, corynebacterium glutamicum and corynebacterium melassecola. relationships were explored between transformation efficiency and parameters such as electric field strength and pulse length, dna concentration, physiological state and concentration of the cells. in optimal conditions, more than 10(7) transformants per microgram of dna coul ... | 1990 | 2108897 |
| dna sequence homology between attb-related sites of corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium ulcerans, corynebacterium glutamicum, and the attp site of gamma-corynephage. | chromosomal restriction fragments of corynebacterium ulcerans and c. diphtheriae, containing an integration site for corynephages of the beta family, show homology on southern blots. homologous dna in also found in the soil isolate c. glutamicum, although this strain is not susceptible to beta-corynephages. three of these dna fragments, one for each bacterial strain, and a fragment of gamma-corynephage dna previously shown to contain the phage integration site, were cloned and sequenced. alignme ... | 1990 | 2108899 |
| lysine uptake and exchange in corynebacterium glutamicum. | resting cells of corynebacterium glutamicum (atcc 13032) accumulate [14c]lysine by a transport system with a relatively high affinity (10 microms) and a low maximum velocity (0.15 nmol/min per mg [dry weight]). uptake of lysine was not inhibited by uncouplers or by ionophores affecting the ion gradients and the energetic state of the cell. analysis of intracellular amino acid concentrations during the transport reaction as well as kinetic studies revealed that the observed uptake of lysine in fa ... | 1990 | 2123868 |
| the molecular structure of the corynebacterium glutamicum threonine synthase gene. | the minimal region encoding the corynebacterium glutamicum threonine synthase structural gene and its promoter was mapped by deletion analysis and complementation of the c. glutamicum thrc allele to a 1.6 kb region of the recombinant plasmid pfs80. the nucleotide sequence of this and flanking dna was determined. the transcription and translation start points were identified by s1 mapping analysis and amino-terminal protein sequencing, respectively. the thrc gene encodes a 54481-dalton polypeptid ... | 1990 | 2127631 |
| [lysine production by brevibacterium divaricatum ntu-2 and its recovery from the fermentation broth]. | an accumulation of l-lysine of about 42 g/l (as l-lysine-hcl) was obtained by cultivating brevibacterium divaricatum ntu-2 in a medium containing 10.0% glucose, 4.0% (nh4)2 so4, 0.1% kh2 po4, 0.04% mg so4.7h2 o, 30 ml/l soybean meal hydrolysate, 50 mg/l dl-methionine, 100 micrograms/l d-biotin, 100 micrograms/l thiamine-hcl and 5% caco3 at ph 7.0. the yield was about 48.8% based on consumed glucose. the l-lysine accumulated in the broth was recovered and purified by simply using a strong cation- ... | 1990 | 2128693 |
| nucleotide sequence of the dapa gene from corynebacterium glutamicum. | | 1990 | 2129555 |
| plasmid shuttle vector with two insertionally inactivable markers for coryneform bacteria. | a new shuttle vector pcem500 replicating in escherichia coli and in brevibacterium flavum was constructed. it carries two antibiotic resistance determinants (kmr/gmr from plasmid psa of gram-negative bacteria and smr/spr from plasmid pcg4 of corynebacterium glutamicum) which are efficiently expressed in both hosts and can be inactivated by insertion of dna fragments into the unique restriction endonuclease sites located within them. this vector was found to be stably maintained in b. flavum and ... | 1990 | 2148164 |
| a host-vector system for an arthrobacter species. | an efficient host-vector system has been developed for an industrial strain of arthrobacter sp. (nrrl b3728)used for glucose isomerase production. protoplasts of arthrobacter were generated by treating the cells with 0.5 mg lysozyme ml(-1) for 60 min in a solution containing 0.5 m-sucrose. around 30% of the protoplasts regenerated on agar containing 0.5 m-sodium succinate as osmotic stabilizer. three hybrid vectors, pbl2100, pcg1100 and pcg2100, were constructed by combining the escherichia coli ... | 1988 | 2846755 |
| molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and promoter structure of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus trpfb operon. | the trpfb operon from acinetobacter calcoaceticus encoding the phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase and the beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase has been cloned by complementation of a trpb mutation in a. calcoaceticus, identified by deletion analysis, and sequenced. it encodes potential polypeptides of 214 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 23,008 (trpf) and 403 amino acids with a molecular weight of 44,296 (trpb). the encoded trpb sequence shows striking homologies to those from ... | 1990 | 2211532 |
| nucleotide sequence of the corynebacterium glutamicum trpe gene. | | 1990 | 2263476 |
| transfer of plasmid dna to brevibacterium lactofermentum by electrotransformation. | the escherichia coli-brevibacterium lactofermentum shuttle vector pbla was introduced into intact cells of b. lactofermentum by electrotransformation. several parameters of this procedure such as voltage and cell concentration were analysed. optimal conditions gave an efficiency of 10(6) transformants per microgram of dna. two recalcitrant strains could be electrotransformed when an ampicillin pretreatment step was used. electrotransformation experiments using dnaase or different structural form ... | 1990 | 2269876 |
| isolation and identification of the gene of cholesterol oxidase from brevibacterium sterolicum atcc 21387, a widely used enzyme in clinical analysis. | the gene coding cholesterol oxidase (chod) from brevibacterium sterolicum, which is widely used in clinical analysis, has been selected from puc19-based gene bank in e. coli mm294 by colony-hybridization using synthetic dna as probe. the gene was identified to encode the protein having the same amino acid sequence as that determined from amino-acid sequence analysis. the expression of the chod gene in e. coli was not observed, probably due to the transcription failure. attempts are being made to ... | 1990 | 2271066 |
| isolation and characterization of a restriction and modification deficient mutant of brevibacterium lactofermentum. | in order to facilitate genetic engineering in amino-acid producing bacteria we have isolated two restriction-deficient brevibacterium lactofermentum strains. they have been selected for their ability to obtain a high yield of plaques from cl31 phage which was grown on corynebacterium lilium. these mutant strains do not restrict either phage dna by transfection or dna from the shuttle vector pbla extracted from escherichia coli by protoplast transformation. these mutants have also lost modificati ... | 1990 | 2283029 |
| cloning vectors and antibiotic-resistance markers for brevibacterium sp. r312. | replication of several cryptic plasmids from coryneform strains was investigated in brevibacterium sp. r312. only the corynebacterium glutamicum psr1 replicon was found to be suitable for establishing a host-vector system. two psr1 derivatives, prpcg200 and phycg1, were used as cloning vectors. they carry a neomycin-resistance-encoding and a tetracycline-resistance-encoding gene, respectively. | 1991 | 1937001 |
| purification, cloning, and primary structure of a new enantiomer-selective amidase from a rhodococcus strain: structural evidence for a conserved genetic coupling with nitrile hydratase. | a new enantiomer-selective amidase active on several 2-aryl propionamides was identified and purified from a newly isolated rhodococcus strain. the characterized amidase is an apparent homodimer, each molecule of which has an mr of 48,554; it has a specific activity of 16.5 mumol of s(+)-2-phenylpropionic acid formed per min per mg of enzyme from the racemic amide under our conditions. an oligonucleotide probe was deduced from limited peptide information and was used to clone the corresponding g ... | 1991 | 1938876 |
| influence of increased aspartate availability on lysine formation by a recombinant strain of corynebacterium glutamicum and utilization of fumarate. | aspartate availability was increased in corynebacterium glutamicum strains to assess its influence on lysine production. upon addition of fumarate to a strain with a feedback-resistant aspartate kinase, the lysine yield increased from 20 to 30 mm. this increase was accompanied by the excretion of malate and succinate. in this strain, fumaric acid was converted to aspartate by fumarate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, and aspartate amino transferase activity. to achieve the direct conversion of f ... | 1989 | 2494939 |
| [the role of ca2+ ions in a phage infection of corynebacterium glutamicum]. | it was shown that neither uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, nor lack of ca2+ ions affected the normal mc-2 phage absorption on corynebacterium glutamicum cells, while the phage development was repressed under these conditions. simultaneous measurement of ca2+, k+ and h+ ion flows, as well as measurement of membrane potential showed that the addition of the phage into the experimental medium led to significant depolarization of the membrane from -160 mv to -100 mv due to the penetration of ... | 1989 | 2611280 |