| purification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from maize (zea mays l.) kernels. | several small, acid-soluble, basic peptides with anti-microbial properties have been isolated from maize (inbred b73) kernels. one of these peptides (mbp-1) has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. the peptide has a molecular weight of 4127.08 as determined by plasma desorption mass spectroscopy, has no free cysteines, and is predominantly alpha-helical as determined by circular dichroism. the primary sequence of the peptide (33 residues) has been determined by edman degradation and s ... | 1992 | 1527010 |
| biological suppression of potato ring rot by fluorescent pseudomonads. | three strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (is-1, is-2, and is-3) isolated from potato underground stems with roots showed in vitro antibiosis against 30 strains of the ring rot bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests and fatty acid analysis, is-1 and is-2 were identified as pseudomonas aureofaciens and is-3 was identified as p. fluorescens biovar iii. is-1 was the most inhibitory to c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains in ... | 1992 | 1622275 |
| transformation of the gram-positive bacterium clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis by electroporation with plasmids from the incp incompatibility group. | we report the transformation of a gram-positive bacterium, clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, with several plasmids in the incp incompatibility group from gram-negative bacteria. our results suggest that incp plasmids may be transferable to other gram-positive organisms. after optimizing electroporation parameters, we obtained a maximum of 2 x 10(5) transformants per microgram of dna. the availability of a transformation system for this bacteria will facilitate its use in indirectly expressing ... | 1992 | 1624442 |
| stability of the delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in a recombinant strain of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | deletion of chromosomally inserted gene sequences from clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, a xylem-inhabiting endophyte, was studied in vitro and in planta. we found that nonreplicating plasmid pcg610, which conferred resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline and contained segments of c. xyli subsp. cynodontis genomic dna, integrated into a homologous sequence in the bacterial chromosome. in addition, pcg610 contains two copies of the gene encoding the cryia(c) insecticidal protein of bacillus th ... | 1991 | 1664710 |
| [glycopolymers of clavibacter michiganense and pseudomonas solanacearum--interferon inducers]. | a polysaccharide, being an active inductor of gamma-interferon, has been found among glycopolymers of clavibacter michiganense. lipopolysaccharide of pseudomonas solanacearum is shown to display an interferonogenic activity which is analogous to that of the classical interferon inductor, lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli o55: b5. besides lipid a, core oligosaccharide also contributes much to the interferonogenic activity of p. solanacearum lipopolysaccharide. | 1990 | 1703263 |
| anion channel forming activity from the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense. | the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense secretes an anion channel forming activity (cfa) into the culture field. the cfa inserts spontaneously into planar lipid membranes when culture fluid of this species is added to the aqueous phase of the bilayer chamber. the channels formed are highly anion selective. the conductance decreases for larger anions (cl- greater than scn- greater than so2-(4] and is practically zero for gluconate. the channels show a unique volta ... | 1991 | 1723101 |
| identification and characterization of the ribosomal rna-encoding genes in clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (cxc) is a xylem-inhabiting bacterial endophyte of bermudagrass. this organism is classified with gram-positive, high g + c content, coryneform-actinomycete bacteria. southern-blot analysis showed that cxc contains only one copy of the ribosomal rna-encoding genes (rrna). a clone containing the rrna genes was isolated from a genomic library of cxc dna cloned in the lambda embl3 vector. the gene cluster was partially sequenced, revealing the gene order 5'-16s-23 ... | 1991 | 1761230 |
| transformation of the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense by electroporation and development of a cloning vector. | we constructed a cloning vector for use in the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense. the vector pdm100 consists of a 3.2-kb restriction fragment of the clavibacter plasmid pcm1 joined to a pbr325 derivative carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase of transposon tn5 and the gentamicin acetyltransferase of tn1696. both antibiotic resistance genes are efficiently expressed in c. michiganense subsp. michiganense. although polyethylene glycol-mediated transfection o ... | 1991 | 1898919 |
| [the induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 under exposure to the glycopolymers isolated from pseudomonas solanacearum and clavibacter michiganense]. | lipopolysaccharide of pseudomonas solanacearum and acid polysaccharides of clavibacter michiganense are effective inductors of formation of the factor of tumour necrosis (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1) by peritoneal macrophages of mice and their activity exceeds that of lipopolysaccharide escherichia coli 055:b5 ("sigma"). o-specific polysaccharide and lipid a are responsible for the capacity of liposaccharide molecule of p. solanacearum to induce tnf and il-1. | 1990 | 2084507 |
| studies on the surface coat (glycocalyx) of the dauer larva of anguina agrostis. | imprints of the surface coat (glycocalyx) from the cuticles of living second stage dauer larvae (dl2) of anguina agrostis (syn. a. funesta) have been examined using incident light fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. these surface coats contain residues of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine which were detected by treatment with wheat germ agglutinin labelled with either fluorescein or rhodamine. they also contain protein which was demonstrated by treatment with either pepsin or trypsin. ... | 1989 | 2503458 |
| [the mitogenic activity of the glycopolymers from clavibacter (corynebacterium) michiganense and pseudomonas solanacearum]. | a comparative study of the mitogenic activity of glycopolymers has shown that the activity of polysaccharides isolated from clavibacter michiganense is higher than that of lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli, pseudomonas solanacearum and mefenaminic acid (the synthetic mitogen). lipid a and the core oligosaccharide fraction are established to be responsible for the mitogenic activity of the p. solanacearum lipopolysaccharide. o-specific chains and fractions of kdo-phosphates do not manifest t ... | 1989 | 2695796 |
| host range and particle morphology of some bacteriophages affecting pathovars of xanthomonas campestris. | seven bacteriophages active against different pathovars of xanthomonas campestris were isolated from naturally infected plant material. all showed polyhedral heads and could be separated into two morphological groups according to their tail structures. phages active against x. campestris pv. cucurbitae (xcu-p1 and xcu-p3) and x. campestris pv. holcicola (xhol-p1) were described for the first time. ninety nine bacterial strains belonging to 5 genera (xanthomonas, pseudomonas, agrobacterium, clavi ... | 1989 | 2803638 |
| detection of bacterial cell wall hydrolases after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | cell walls from various gram-positive bacteria were incorporated at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v) into polyacrylamide gels as a substrate for detection of cell wall hydrolases. bacterial extracts from crude cell wall preparations were denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol and subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels containing bacterial cell walls. after renaturation in the presence of purified and buffered 1% (v/v) triton x-100, cell wall hydrolas ... | 1989 | 2819603 |
| specific 16s ribosomal rna targeted oligonucleotide probe against clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | in this article we report on the polymerase chain reaction amplification of a partial 16s rrna gene from the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. a partial sequence (about 400 base pairs) of the gene was determined that covered two variable regions important for oligonucleotide probe development. a specific 24mer oligonucleotide probe targeted against the v6 region of 16s rrna was designed. specificity of the probe was determined using dot blot hybridization. ... | 1993 | 7508333 |
| identification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus using the polymerase chain reaction. | from the sequence of a subcloned dna fragment of a highly conserved plasmid of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus a pair of oligonucleotides were devised for use as polymerase chain reaction primers. the primer sequences do not show significant homology with any other sequence deposited in public databases. polymerase chain reactions carried out using this primer pair and untreated cells of all strains of c. michiganesis sepedonicus tested resulted in the amplification of a dna fragmen ... | 1994 | 7517339 |
| is1237, a repetitive chromosomal element from clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, is related to insertion sequences from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | we describe here a repetitive chromosomal element, which appears to be an insertion sequence, isolated from clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, a gram-positive plant-associated bacterium. the element, is1237, is 905 bp in size, is bounded by 19-bp perfect inverted repeats and 3-bp direct repeats, and appears at least 16 times in the genome. it contains three open reading frames which show similarity to open reading frames from various other insertion sequences. we have found that there are two g ... | 1994 | 7534933 |
| endogenous toxins and mycotoxins in forage grasses and their effects on livestock. | plant toxins are the chemical defenses of plants against herbivory. grasses have relatively few intrinsic toxins, relying more on growth habit to survive defoliation and endophytic fungal toxins as chemical defenses. forage grasses that contain intrinsic toxins include phalaris spp. (tryptamine and carboline alkaloids), sorghums (cyanogenic glycosides), and tropical grasses containing oxalates and saponins. toxic effects of these grasses include neurological damage (phalaris staggers), hypoxia ( ... | 1995 | 7608026 |
| development of a native plasmid as a cloning vector in clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | a 50-kilobase (kb) cryptic plasmid was found in three geographic isolates of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (cxc). the dna region essential for replication of the plasmid was cloned in an escherichia coli vector. the resulting vector, which functions as a shuttle vector between e. coli and cxc, was characterized further with respect to its stability and copy number. | 1993 | 7689234 |
| detection and identification of phytopathogenic xanthomonas strains by amplification of dna sequences related to the hrp genes of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | three pairs of oligonucleotide primers specific for different regions of the hrp gene (hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity) cluster of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria were designed and tested for amplification of dna isolated from a large number of different bacteria. dna sequences related to the hrp genes were successfully amplified from x. fragariae and from 28 pathovars of x. campestris. no dna amplification occurred with genomic dna from phytopathogenic strains of x. campestris ... | 1994 | 8017904 |
| pseudothionin-st1, a potato peptide active against potato pathogens. | a 5-kda polypeptide, pseudothionin solanum tuberosum 1 (pth-st1), which was active against clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus, a bacterial pathogen of potatoes, has been purified from the buffer-insoluble fraction of potato tubers by salt extraction and hpcl. pth-st1 was also active against other potato pathogens tested (pseudomonas solanacearum and fusarium solani). the n-terminal amino acid sequence of this peptide was identical (except for a n/h substitution at position 2) to th ... | 1994 | 8033886 |
| suprageneric classification of peptidoglycan group b actinomycetes by nucleotide sequencing of 5s ribosomal rna. | 5s ribosomal rna sequences were determined for thirteen actinomycetes mainly representatives with the rare group b type peptidoglycan. the primary and secondary structure of the resultant sequences were of the type characteristic of gram-positive bacteria with dna rich in guanine plus cytosine. the sequencing and associated chemotaxonomic data provide compelling grounds for classifying actinomycetes with a group b type peptidoglycan in a single family. the family microbacteriaceae fam. nov. is p ... | 1993 | 8085792 |
| expression of biologically active hordothionins in tobacco. effects of pre- and pro-sequences at the amino and carboxyl termini of the hordothionin precursor on mature protein expression and sorting. | hordothionins (hths) are small anti-bacterial proteins present in barley endosperm which are processed from larger precursor proteins, consisting of an amino-terminal signal peptide (sp), the mature highly basic hth and a carboxy-terminal acidic peptide (ap). different hth precursor proteins were expressed in tobacco to study the effects of the pre-sequences (sp) and pro-sequences (ap) on expression, processing, sorting and biological activity and hence the feasibility of engineering bacterial d ... | 1994 | 8111029 |
| detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by dna amplification. | control of bacterial ring rot ultimately depends on the accurate and sensitive detection of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in infected potato tissues and tubers. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based detection of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus appears to have the potential to circumvent many of the problems currently associated with detection of this phytopathogen. pcr reactions using primers specific to c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and genomic dnas from related strains, includi ... | 1993 | 8339912 |
| sampling ryegrass to assess the risk of annual ryegrass toxicity. | most stock losses caused by annual ryegrass toxicity occur because stockowners unknowingly allow their stock to graze annual ryegrass (lolium rigidum) infected with the bacterium clavibacter toxicus. to help stockowners avoid losses we have developed criteria for a testing service to determine the risk of poisoning before the pasture is grazed. low, medium and high risk categories were selected using samples of dry, mature ryegrass seedheads collected by stockowners from untreated, infected past ... | 1993 | 8368964 |
| purification and antipathogenic activity of lipid transfer proteins (ltps) from the leaves of arabidopsis and spinach. | two homogeneous proteins active in vitro against the bacterial pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus were obtained from a crude cell-wall preparation from the leaves of columbia wild-type arabidopsis. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of these proteins allowed their identification as lipid transfer proteins (ltp-a1, ltp-a2); the ltp1-a1 sequence was identical to that deduced from a previously described cdna (embl m80566) and ltp-a2 was quite divergent (44% identical positions). ... | 1993 | 8405465 |
| lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) from barley and maize leaves are potent inhibitors of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. | four homogeneous proteins (cw18, cw20, cw21, cw22) were isolated from etiolated barley leaves by extraction of the insoluble pellet from a tris-hcl (ph 7.5) homogenate with 1.5 m licl and fractionation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. all 4 proteins inhibited growth of the pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (ec50s = 1-3 x 10(-7) m) and had closely related n-terminal amino acid sequences. the complete amino acid sequences of proteins cw18 and cw21 were d ... | 1993 | 8420795 |
| evidence for plasmid-encoded virulence factors in the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382. | the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382, which causes bacterial wilt, harbors two plasmids pcm1 (27.5 kb) and pcm2 (72 kb). after curing of the plasmids, bacterial derivatives were still proficient in the ability to colonize the host plant and in the production of exopolysaccharides but exhibited a reduced virulence. when one of the two plasmids is lost, there is a significant delay in the development of wilting symptoms after infection and a plasmid-free deri ... | 1993 | 8458855 |
| in vitro cellulolytic activity of the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | the activity of four clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains against various cellulose substrates was investigated. sixty-seven clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains grew well on media amended with carboxymethylcellulose, 64 strains produced zones of hydrolysis. endoglucanase activity was optimal at 37 degrees c and ph 6.0 against carboxymethylcellulose incorporated in plate assays. zymogram and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the pr ... | 1995 | 8590403 |
| comparison of 16s ribosomal rna genes in clavibacter michiganensis subspecies with other coryneform bacteria. | nearly complete sequences (97-99%) of the 16s rrna genes were determined for type strains of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. the four subspecies had less than 1% dissimilarity in their 16s rrna genes. comparative studies indicated that the c. michiganensis subsp. shared relatively high homology with the 16s rrna gene of clavibacter xyli. fu ... | 1995 | 8590406 |
| isolation of strong promoters from clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis using a promoter probe plasmid. | to isolate promoters from clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (c. xyli subsp. cynodontis), we constructed a new promoter probe plasmid and made a c. xyli subsp. cynodontis promoter probe library. two promoters gave over 2500-times stronger expression than the parental plasmid. the promoters were sequenced and compared to other bacterial promoters. these c. xyli subsp. cynodontis promoter regions are gc-rich and do not resemble e. coli promoters, but do resemble a few individual promoters found in ... | 1996 | 8597597 |
| stable transformation of the gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus with several cloning vectors. | in this paper we describe transformation of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the potato ring rot bacterium, with plasmid vectors. three of the plasmids used, pdm100, pdm302, and pdm306, contain the origin of replication from pcm1, a native plasmid of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. we constructed two new cloning vectors, phn205 and phn216, by using the origin of replication of pcm2, another native plasmid of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. plasmids pdm302, phn205, and ... | 1996 | 8633849 |
| construction of secretion vectors and use of heterologous signal sequences for protein secretion in clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | we have constructed a vector to assess the ability of heterologous signal sequences to function in the endophytic bacterium clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. this secretion reporter contains the phoa gene from escherichia coli from which the promoter and signal sequences have been deleted. signal sequences of streptomycete origin were cloned into the vector and the level of secreted alkaline phosphatase determined enzymatically and by western blotting. we show that a number of the signal seque ... | 1995 | 8664499 |
| [the antibiotic properties of the phytotoxic metabolites of botrytis cinerea pers]. | antibiotic properties of substances of a phytotoxic complex from botrytis cinerea have been studied for a number of phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi as well as saprophytic yeast strains. high fungistatic activity of preparations of phytotoxic metabolites (ptm) has been stated for dendrodochium toxicum, myrothecium verrucaria, m. roridum, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium urticae, agents of heavy human and cattle mycotoxicoses. the studied representatives of phytopat ... | 1995 | 8714399 |
| genetic analysis of clavibacter toxicus, the agent of annual ryegrass toxicity. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to examine the relatedness of 52 isolates of clavibacter toxicus, the agent of annual ryegrass toxicity. these included 37 western australian (wa) field isolates sampled in 3 distinct locations over a 2-year period, and 15 isolates sampled from 6 different host plant species in 3 states in australia over approximately 8 years. seventeen reference strains for the related genera curtobacterium, rhodococcus and arthrobacter were examined for comparison. th ... | 1996 | 8870638 |
| [the effect of bacterial polysaccharides on the course of a mycoplasma infection]. | polysaccharides of clavibacter michiganense have been studied for their effect on mycoplasma infection. it is established that content of t-lymphocytes truthfully increased in the groups of animals whose ps 1 and ps 2 were administered both with protective and medical purpose as compared with that in a group of animals with natural course of mycoplasmosis. under these conditions the effect of polysaccharides on t-helpers were not evidently expressed, while they exerted considerable effect on t-s ... | 1996 | 8991596 |
| characterization of the plasmid encoded virulence region pat-1 of phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382, causing bacterial wilt and canker, harbors two plasmids, pcm1 (27.5 kb) and pcm2 (72 kb), carrying genes involved in virulence. the region of plasmid pcm2 encoding the pathogenicity locus pat-1 was mapped by deletion analysis and complementation studies to a 1.5-kb bg/ii/smai dna fragment. introduction of the pat-1 region into endophytic, plasmid-free isolates of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis converted these bac ... | 1997 | 9057325 |
| antimicrobial activities of streptomyces pulcher, s. canescens and s. citreofluorescens against fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato in vitro. | thirty-seven actinomycete species isolated from fertile cultivated soils in egypt were screened for the production of antimicrobial compounds against a variety of test organisms. most of the isolates exhibited antimicrobial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, with special attention to fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato. on starch-nitrate agar, 14 strains were active against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (the cause of ... | 1996 | 9131789 |
| improved microscopic identification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus cells by combining in situ hybridization with immunofluorescence. | an oligonucleotide probe was selected from the 16s rrna gene of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus for specific in situ hybridization. the rhodamine-labelled oligonucleotide probe was used in conjunction with an indirect immunofluorescence procedure based on a specific monoclonal antibody detected with a fluorescein-labelled conjugate. simultaneous labelling of bacterial cells with the oligonucleotide and antibody probes allows accurate microscopic identification of single cells when i ... | 1997 | 9203395 |
| nested pcr for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of the 16s rrna gene (cmr16f1, cmr16r1, cmr16f2, and cmr16r2) and insertion element is1121 of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cmsif1, cmsir1, cmsif2, and cmisr2) were used in nested pcr to detect the potato ring rot bacterium c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. nested pcr with primer pair cmsif1-cmsir1 followed by primer pair cmsif2-cmsir2 specifically detected c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, while nested pcr with cmr16f1-cmr16r1 ... | 1997 | 9212412 |
| phylogeny and classification of bacteria in the genera clavibacter and rathayibacter on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses. | a phylogenetic analysis by parsimony of 16s rrna gene sequences (16s rdna) revealed that species and subspecies of clavibacter and rathayibacter form a discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to corynebacterium species. within the clavibacter-rathayibacter clade, four major phylogenetic groups (subclades) with a total of 10 distinct taxa were recognized: (i) species c. michiganensis; (ii) species c. xyli; (iii) species r. iranicus and r. tritici; and (iv) species r. rathayi. the first three gr ... | 1997 | 9212413 |
| microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid. | a bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from mccalla, al, usa, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (z)-octadecenoic acid (thoa). the organism is a gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 microns x 2 microns). it was identified as a species of clavibacter ala2. the product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass s ... | 1997 | 9281851 |
| integrative vector for stable transformation and expression of a beta-1,3-glucanase gene in clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis is an endophytic gram-positive bacterium that is able to colonize the xylem tissue of various plants. we constructed an integrative vector that can carry foreign genes into a repetitive chromosomal element of c. xyli subsp. cynodontis. using this vector, we transformed c. xyli subsp. cynodontis with a gene coding for an endoglucanase enzyme under the control of a strong promoter that was previously isolated from the genome of c. xyli subsp. cynodontis. the tran ... | 1998 | 9595657 |
| taxonomic significance of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid isomers in the cell wall peptidoglycan of actinomycetes and reclassification of clavibacter toxicus as rathayibacter toxicus comb. nov. | an hplc procedure which separates d- and l-amino acid isomers was applied to an analysis of peptidoglycan of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (dab)-containing actinomycetes. the cell wall peptidoglycans of species of the genera agromyces, clavibacter and rathayibacter contain dab and have been differentiated principally by their menaquinone profile. these peptidoglycans are known to be identical in structure, all being of the b2 gamma type, possessing both d- and l-dab. the type strains of all the subspe ... | 1998 | 9731278 |
| novel defensin subfamily from spinach (spinacia oleracea). | antimicrobial peptides (so-d1-7) were isolated from a crude cell wall preparation from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea cv. matador) and, judged from their amino acid sequences, six of them (so-d2-7) represented a novel structural subfamily of plant defensins (group iv). group-iv defensins were also functionally distinct from those of groups i-iii. they were active at concentrations < 20 microm against gram-positive (clavibacter michiganensis) and gram-negative (ralstonia solanacearum) bacteria ... | 1998 | 9762899 |
| snakin-1, a peptide from potato that is active against plant pathogens. | a new type of antimicrobial peptide, snakin-1 (sn1), has been isolated from potato tubers and found to be active, at concentrations < 10 microm, against bacterial and fungal pathogens from potato and other plant species. the action of sn1 and potato defensin pth1 was synergistic against the bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and additive against the fungus botrytis cinerea. snakin-1 causes aggregation of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the peptide has 63 amino ... | 1999 | 9885189 |
| [the molecular biological mechanisms of the functioning of microbial glycopolymers and carbohydrases]. | special attention has been paid to glycopolymers which perform various functions in the microbial cell, determine its interaction with the environment, possess a broad range of biological activity (antigenicity, cytotoxicity, immunomodulating properties, participation in the bean-rhizobial symbiosis). composition and structure of the following polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and their components: o-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid a from bacteria of genera clavibacter, ralston ... | 1998 | 10077957 |
| a simple extraction procedure for efficient routine detection of pathogenic bacteria in plant material by polymerase chain reaction. | a simple and rapid method for extracting dna from plants based on the use of an extraction buffer and precipitation with isopropanol was assayed to see its usefulness in detecting pathogenic bacteria in plant material. the method was compared with a phenol-chloroform standard procedure obtaining higher sensitivity levels of detection. the protocol developed was efficient for detecting a gram-positive bacterium, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and several gram-negative pathogenic bac ... | 1999 | 10395461 |
| properties of extracellular polysaccharides of potato ring rot pathogen and corresponding recognition sites of potato cell walls. | the properties of extracellular polysaccharides of the potato ring rot pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) and the corresponding recognition sites isolated from cell walls of potato suspension cultures have been studied. extracellular polysaccharides of cms consist of 4-6 components, which differ greatly in molecular mass (from <1 kd to >700 kd), and are capable of formation of associates stabilized by electrostatic interactions in the presence of calcium. using affinity ... | 1999 | 10561563 |
| rapid fluorescence assessment of intracellular ph as a viability indicator of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the viability of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) was determined by measuring the intracellular ph (phin) as a viability parameter. this was based on the observation that growth of cmm was inhibited at ph 5.5 and below. therefore, viable cells should maintain their phin above this ph value. the phin of cmm was determined using the fluorescent probe 5(and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse). the phin of cmm cells exposed to acid treatments was determined using flu ... | 2000 | 10792541 |
| [studies on siderophore exchange properties between staphylococci and various species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria]. | the ability of iron utilizing by means of staphylococcal siderophores by bacteria belonging to genera: acinetobacter, corynebacterium, curtobacterium, clavibacter, bacillus and mycobacterium was investigated. the staphylococcal donor strains (18 species) used in these experiments were characterized by the ability to utilize siderophores produced by various strains belonging to aforenamed genera. the utilization of staphylococcal siderophores was studied on agar media in which minimally effective ... | 1999 | 10803251 |
| leifsonia poae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from nematode galls on poa annua, and reclassification of 'corynebacterium aquaticum' leifson 1962 as leifsonia aquatica (ex leifson 1962) gen. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. and clavibacter xyli davis et al. 1984 with two subspecies as leifsonia xyli (davis et al. 1984) gen. nov., comb. nov. | the new genus leifsonia gen. nov. with two new species, leifsonia poae sp. nov. (type strain vkm ac-1401t) and leifsonia aquatica (ex leifson 1962) nom. rev., comb. nov. (the type species, with vkm ac-1400t = dsm 20146t = jcm 1368t as type strain), is proposed to accommodate bacteria found in poa annua root gall, induced by the nematode subanguina radicicola, and 'corynebacterium aquaticum' leifson 1962. further, it is proposed to reclassify clavibacter xyli davis et al. 1984 with two subspecies ... | 2000 | 10826825 |
| the endo-beta-1,4-glucanase cela of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a pathogenicity determinant required for induction of bacterial wilt of tomato. | the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382, which causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, harbors two plasmids, pcm1 (27.35 kb) and pcm2 (72 kb), encoding genes involved in virulence (d. meletzus, a. bermpohl, j. dreier, and r. eichenlaub, 1993, j. bacteriol. 175:2131-2136; j. dreier, d. meletzus, and r. eichenlaub, 1997, mol. plant-microbe interact. 10:195-206). the region of pcm1 carrying the endoglucanase gene cela was mapped by deletion analysis ... | 2000 | 10875331 |
| substrate specificity of atrazine chlorohydrolase and atrazine-catabolizing bacteria. | bacterial atrazine catabolism is initiated by the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) in pseudomonas sp. strain adp. other triazine herbicides are metabolized by bacteria, but the enzymological basis of this is unclear. here we begin to address this by investigating the catalytic activity of atza by using substrate analogs. purified atza from pseudomonas sp. strain adp catalyzed the hydrolysis of an atrazine analog that was substituted at the chlorine substituent by fluorine. atza did not cat ... | 2000 | 11010866 |
| subtercola boreus gen. nov., sp. nov. and subtercola frigoramans sp. nov., two new psychrophilic actinobacteria isolated from boreal groundwater. | psychrophilic actinobacterial isolates from permanently cold groundwater in finland were characterized using a polyphasic approach. growth on agar plates was observed at temperatures down to -2 degrees c, with an optimum at 15-17 degrees c, but no growth was observed at 30 degrees c. the peptidoglycan type was b2y and the characteristic diamino acid was diaminobutyric acid. the cell wall sugars of strain k265t were rhamnose, ribose, xylose and mannose and those of strain k300t were glucose, rham ... | 2000 | 11034481 |
| biotransformation of linoleic acid by clavibacter sp. ala2: heterocyclic and heterobicyclic fatty acids. | clavibacter sp. ala2 transformed linoleic acid into a variety of oxylipins. in previous work, three novel fatty acids were identified, (9z)-12, 13, 17-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid and two tetrahydrofuran-(di)hydroxy fatty acids. in this report, we confirm the structures of the tetrahydrofuran-(di)hydroxy fatty acids by nuclear magnetic resonance as (9z)-12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid and (9z)-7,12-dihydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid. three other products of the biotransformat ... | 2000 | 11104009 |
| liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry of tunicamycin-type antibiotics. | several streptomyces and clavibacter species produce a family of tunicamycin-like antibiotics (tunicamycins, streptovirudins, corynetoxins, etc.) that inhibit the polyprenol-p:n-acetylhexosamine-1-p translocase family, thus blocking both bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and eukaryotic protein n-glycosylation. the mechanisms of biosynthesis and resistance to these toxins by the producing bacteria are largely unknown. electrospray ionization (esi) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (m ... | 2001 | 11161308 |
| interactions between clavibacter michiganensis and its host plants. | | 1999 | 11207726 |
| [processes of plant colonization by methylobacterium strains and some bacterial properties ]. | the pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (ppfmb) of the genus methylobacterium are indespensible inhabitants of the plant phyllosphere. using maize zea mays as a model, the ways of plant colonization by ppfmb and some properties of the latter that might be beneficial to plants were studied. a marked strain, methylobacterium mesophilicum apr-8 (pulb113), was generated to facilitate the detection of the methylotrophic bacteria inoculated into the soil or applied to the maize leaves. ... | 2001 | 11386061 |
| [ability of representatives of pantoea agglomerans, as well as bacillus subtilis and some pseudomonas species to suppress the development of phytopathgenic bacteria and micromycetes in regulating plant growth]. | the ability of representatives of pantoea agglomerans (erwinia herbicola (lohnis) dye [21]), bacillus subtilis and some species of pseudomonas genus to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria and micromycetes and to regulate the growth of plants has been comparatively studied. the ability to inhibit the growth of mycellium of phytopathogenic fusarium avenaceum, f. gibbosum, f. oxysporum was found out in all of 13 investigated strains of p. agglomerans, while the growth of f. culmorum is i ... | 2000 | 11421000 |
| effect of fragarin on the cytoplasmic membrane of the phytopathogen clavibacter michiganensis. | fragarin, an antibiotic that was isolated and purified from a soluble fraction of strawberry leaves, may be a new type of preformed antimicrobial compound (phytoanticipin). here, we report that the growth and oxygen consumption of the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis were rapidly inhibited after the addition of fragarin to cultures. also, dissipation of the membrane potential and an increase of cell membrane permeability were observed in the presence of fragarin. the ability o ... | 2001 | 11437268 |
| isolation and biological activity of frankiamide. | an antibiotic produced by the symbiotic actinomycete frankia strain aips1 was isolated from culture broth using optimized thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) methods. the novel compound that was isolated, dubbed frankiamide, displayed antimicrobial activity against all 14 gram-positive bacterial strains and six pathogenic fungal strains tested. the pathogenic actinomycete clavibacter michiganensis and the oomycete phytophthora were especially susceptible. ... | 2001 | 11598813 |
| channel activity of a phytotoxin of clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense in tethered membranes. | solid-supported membranes immobilized on gold electrodes were used to detect and characterize the spontaneously inserting anion-selective protein channel (clavibacter anion channel, cac) present in the culture fluid of clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense. three different membrane systems varying in the composition of the first chemisorbed monolayer were investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy. conductance changes of the immobilized lipid membranes were sensitively detected after ad ... | 2001 | 11718295 |
| effect of solar uv-b radiation on a phyllosphere bacterial community. | the effect of solar uv-b radiation on the population dynamics and composition of the culturable bacterial community from peanut (arachis hypogeae l.) was examined in field studies using plants grown under uv-b-transmitting (uv-b+) or uv-b-excluding (uv-b-) plastic filters. our data demonstrate that solar uv-b selection alters phyllosphere bacterial community composition and that uv tolerance is a prevalent phenotype late in the season. the total bacterial population size was not affected by eith ... | 2001 | 11722897 |
| development of a pcr test for the detection of curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. | a chromosomal dna library of the bacterial pathogen of bean, curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfaciens ncppb 559 was constructed in the plasmid pgem-7zf(+). several clones were identified that hybridised to all curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pathovars including: c. f betae, c. f flaccumfaciens, c. f oortii, c. f. poinsettiae and, in addition, to some strains of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. one of these clones (ppmp-26), after subsequent di ... | 2001 | 11761362 |
| a highly efficient transposon mutagenesis system for the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | a transposon mutagenesis system for clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was developed based on antibiotic resistance transposons that were derived from the insertion element is1409 from arthrobacter sp. strain tm1 ncib12013. as a prerequisite, the electroporation efficiency was optimized by using unmethylated dna and treatment of the cells with glycine such that about 5 x 10(6) transformants per microg of dna were generally obtained. electroporation of c. michiganensis subsp. michigan ... | 2001 | 11763129 |
| genomic fingerprinting of virulent and avirulent strains of clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus. | genomic fingerprints of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus were generated by chef gel electrophoresis of restriction digested high-molecular weight dna. low levels of intra-subspecific variation were detected by cluster analysis of the fingerprints. four haplotypes were identified by genomic fingerprinting with hindiii, and eight were identified with ecori. haplotypes generated with hindiii were less similar than those generated by ecori. haplotypes generated with hindiii formed groups that cor ... | 2002 | 11815855 |
| [phylogenetic diversity of aerobic saprotrophic bacteria isolated from the daqing oil field]. | a diverse and active microbial community in the stratal waters of the daqing oil field (china), which is exploited with the use of water-flooding, was found to contain aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria (including hydrocarbon-oxidizing ones) and anaerobic fermentative, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic bacteria. the aerobic bacteria were most abundant in the near-bottom zones of injection wells. twenty pure cultures of aerobic saprotrophic bacteria were isolated from the stratal waters. under ... | 2002 | 11910798 |
| transformation and transposon mutagenesis of leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, causal organism of ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane. | conditions have been developed for genetic transformation and insertional mutagenesis in leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (lxx), the causal organism of ratoon stunting disease (rsd), one of the most damaging and intractable diseases of sugarcane internationally. transformation frequencies ranged from 1 to 10 colony forming units (cfu)/microg of plasmid dna using clavibacter/escherichia coli shuttle vectors pcg188, pdm302, and pdm306 and ranged from 50 to 500 cfu/microg using cosmid cloning vectors pla ... | 2002 | 11952129 |
| isolation and characterization of endophytic colonizing bacteria from agronomic crops and prairie plants. | endophytic bacteria reside within plant hosts without causing disease symptoms. in this study, 853 endophytic strains were isolated from aerial tissues of four agronomic crop species and 27 prairie plant species. we determined several phenotypic properties and found approximately equal numbers of gram-negative and gram-positive isolates. in a greenhouse study, 28 of 86 prairie plant endophytes were found to colonize their original hosts at 42 days postinoculation at levels of 3.5 to 7.7 log(10) ... | 2002 | 11976089 |
| linear plasmid in the genome of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel analysis of genomic dna of the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus revealed the presence of a previously unreported extrachromosomal element. this new element was demonstrated to be a linear plasmid. of 11 strains evaluated, all contained either a 90-kb (pcsl1) or a 140-kb (pcsl2) linear plasmid. | 2002 | 11976316 |
| selection of microbial consortia for treating metal-working fluids. | the aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a strategy for constructing microbial consortia for treating chemically mixed industrial effluent, based on a more thorough understanding of communities within waste metal-working fluids (mwfs). complementary phenotypic and genotypic methods revealed that the microbial communities in spent mwfs had low diversity and were very similar in species composition in samples originating from different locations and uses. of 65 bacterial isol ... | 2002 | 12080423 |
| diversity of grass-associated microbacteriaceae isolated from the phyllosphere and litter layer after mulching the sward; polyphasic characterization of subtercola pratensis sp. nov., curtobacterium herbarum sp. nov. and plantibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. | a representative selection of coryneform bacteria, isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses and the litter layer after mulching the sward, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify their taxonomic position in the family microbacteriaceae, with particular reference to potentially plant-pathogenic bacteria. on the basis of 16s rdna analysis, the isolates can be classified into six genotypes representing the genera curtobacterium, clavibacter, subtercola and a subgroup, which was not a ... | 2002 | 12361245 |
| detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by amplidet rna, a new technology based on real time monitoring of nasba amplicons with a molecular beacon. | to develop a procedure for direct detection of viable cells of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), the causal organism of bacterial ring rot in potato, based on amplidet rna, in which amplicons generated by nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) are monitored in real time with a molecular beacon. | 2002 | 12392531 |
| a taqman-pcr protocol for quantification and differentiation of the phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganensis subspecies. | real-time taqman-pcr assays were developed for detection, differentiation and absolute quantification of the pathogenic subspecies of clavibacter michiganensis (cm) in one single pcr run. the designed primer pair, targeting intergenic sequences of the rrna operon (its) common in all subspecies, was suitable for the amplification of the expected 223-nt dna fragments of all subspecies. closely related bacteria were completely discriminated, except of rathayibacter iranicus, from which weak pcr pro ... | 2003 | 12401230 |
| comparison of genetic variability between czech and foreign isolates of phytopathogenic bacteria clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by rep-pcr technique. | repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) method was used for analysis of genetic variability among bacterial populations from different world locations. collection of 26 czech and 13 foreign strains of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus was amplified using box primer targeting to repetitive motif occurring in eubacterial genomes. genetic fingerprints were visually compared and statistically evaluated by cluster analysis. genetic similarity was estimated to be appro ... | 2002 | 12422527 |
| purification and characterization of a collagenolytic enzyme produced by rathayibacter sp. strains isolated from cultures of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | we show in this work that collagenolytic rathayibacter sp. are isolated with phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains. the rathayibacter strains isolated all produced collagenases. one of these collagenases (from the strain 1715) was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, deae cellulose and sephadex g 200 chromatography. characterization of the enzyme showed that it is a true collagenase which is able to degrade both native collagen, gelatin and probably other ... | 1997 | 12452587 |
| effect of leaf surface waxes on leaf colonization by pantoea agglomerans and clavibacter michiganensis. | to evaluate the influence of leaf cuticular waxes on bacterial colonization of leaves, bacterial colonization patterns were examined on four glossy maize (zea mays l.) mutants that were altered in their cuticular wax biosynthesis. mutant gl3 was indistinguishable from the wild-type maize in its ability to foster colonization by the two bacterial species, pantoea agglomerans and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. in contrast, the other three mutants supported the development of popula ... | 2002 | 12481996 |
| leifsonia gen. nov., a genus for 2,4-diaminobutyric acid-containing actinomycetes to accommodate "corynebacterium aquaticum" leifson 1962 and clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis davis et al. 1984. | "corynebacterium aquaticum" was first proposed by leifson in 1962 but not included in the approved lists of bacterial names in 1980. this species has been left from reclassification of the genus corynebacterium because of the unusual chemotaxonomic characteristics such as 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (dab) in the peptidoglycan and menaquinones of mk-10 and mk-11. a close relationship of "c. aquaticum" to the genera agromyces and rathayibacter has been pointed out from the viewpoint of chemotaxonomic ... | 1999 | 12501368 |
| diversity of 746 heterotrophic bacteria isolated from microbial mats from ten antarctic lakes. | microbial mats, growing in antarctic lakes constitute unique and very diverse habitats. in these mats microorganisms are confronted with extreme life conditions. we isolated 746 bacterial strains from mats collected from ten lakes in the dry valleys (lakes hoare and fryxell), the vestfold hills (lakes ace, druzhby, grace, highway, pendant, organic and watts) and the larsemann hills (lake reid), using heterotrophic growth conditions. these strains were investigated by fatty acid analysis, and by ... | 2002 | 12583721 |
| isolation of novel ultramicrobacteria classified as actinobacteria from five freshwater habitats in europe and asia. | we describe the first freshwater members of the class actinobacteria that have been isolated. nine ultramicro-size (<0.1 microm(3)) strains were isolated from five freshwater habitats in europe and asia. these habitats represent a broad spectrum of ecosystems, ranging from deep oligotrophic lakes to shallow hypertrophic lakes. even when the isolated strains were grown in very rich media, the cell size was <0.1 microm(3) and was indistinguishable from the cell sizes of bacteria belonging to the s ... | 2003 | 12620827 |
| utilization of monocrotophos as phosphorus source by pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b and clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum sbl 11. | monocrotophos (dimethyl (e)-1-methyl-2-(methylcarbamoyl) vinyl phosphate, or mcp), an organophosphorus insecticide, was used as a sole phosphorus source by the microorganisms isolated from the soil. none of the isolates could utilize mcp as a sole source of carbon. two of the potential microbial isolates, pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b and clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum sbl 11, could utilize mcp as a sole source of phosphorus. pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b showed a lag phase of 4 h, while ... | 2003 | 12718398 |
| construction of biofilms with defined internal architecture using dielectrophoresis and flocculation. | a novel approach was developed for the construction of biofilms with defined internal architecture using ac electrokinetics and flocculation. artificial structured microbial consortia (asmc) consisting of localized layered microcolonies of different cell types were formed by sequentially attracting different cell types to high field regions near microelectrodes using dielectrophoresis. stabilization of the microbial consortia on the electrode surface was achieved by crosslinking the cells using ... | 2003 | 12740931 |
| [production of oil-processing compounds by microorganisms from the daqing oil field, china]. | twenty pure cultures isolated from formation waters of the daqing oil field were studied with respect to their capacity to produce surface-active compounds in media with individual hydrocarbons, lower alcohols, and fatty acids. aerobic saprotrophic bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus, brevibacillus, rhodococcus, dietzia, kocuria, gordonia, cellulomonas, clavibacter, pseudomonas, and acinetobacter decreased the surface tension of cultivation media from 55-63 to 28-44 mn/m. strains of bacill ... | 2003 | 12751245 |
| naphthalene-utilizing and mercury-resistant bacteria isolated from an acidic environment. | soil samples were taken from areas of low ph (2.5-3.5) surrounding an outdoor coal storage pile. these samples were added to medium with naphthalene as the sole carbon source to enrich for organisms capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) at low ph. five such bacterial strains were isolated. sequencing of the 16s rdna showed them to be members of the genera clavibacter, arthrobacter and acidocella. these organisms were all capable of growth with naphthalene as a sole carbon s ... | 2003 | 12827325 |
| production of novel tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids from alpha-linolenic acid by clavibacter sp. strain ala2. | previously, it was reported that a newly isolated microbial culture, clavibacter sp. strain ala2, produced trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, diepxoy bicyclic fatty acids, and tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids (thfas) from linoleic acid (c. t. hou, j. am. oil chem. soc. 73:1359-1362, 1996; c. t. hou and r. j. forman iii, j. ind. microbiol. biotechnol. 24:275-276, 2000; c. t. hou, h. gardner, and w. brown, j. am. oil chem. soc. 75:1483-1487, 1998; c. t. hou, h. w. gardner, and w. brown, j. am. oil ... | 2003 | 12839755 |
| effect of azospirillum-mediated plant growth promotion on the development of bacterial diseases on fresh-market and cherry tomato. | plant growth-promoting (pgp) activity of two azospirillum strains and their effects on foliar and vascular bacterial diseases were evaluated on fresh market and cherry tomato. | 2003 | 12969298 |
| induced androgenesis in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). iii. characterization of the regenerants. | we present data on the morphological, cytological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of tomato regenerants obtained through anther culture. as a result of induced androgenesis, more than 6,000 rooted regenerants were developed that differed both from the donor plants and among each other with respect to habitus and leaf, flower and inflorescence morphology. cytological analysis revealed a great variability in chromosome number in the cells of the regenerated plants. while most of the regen ... | 2004 | 14551733 |
| whole genome shotgun sequencing guided by bioinformatics pipelines--an optimized approach for an established technique. | while the sequencing of bacterial genomes has become a routine procedure at major sequencing centers, there are still a number of genome projects at small- or medium-size facilities. for these facilities a maximum of control over sequencing, assembling and finishing is essential. at the same time, facilities have to be able to co-operate at minimum costs for the overall project. we have established a pipeline for the distributed sequencing of alcanivorax borkumensis sk2, azoarcus sp. bh72, clavi ... | 2003 | 14651855 |
| clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis: first steps in the understanding of virulence of a gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a plant-pathogenic actinomycete. it infects tomato, spreads through the xylem and causes bacterial wilt and canker. the wild-type strain ncppb382 carries two plasmids, pcm1 and pcm2. the cured plasmid-free derivative cmm100 is still able to colonize tomato, but no disease symptoms develop indicating that all genes required for successful infection, establishment and growth in the plant reside on the chromosome. both plasmids carry one virulence f ... | 2003 | 14651860 |
| temporal dynamics and degradation activity of an bacterial inoculum for treating waste metal-working fluid. | in order for established bioreactors to be effective for treating chemically mixed wastes such as metal working fluids (mwf) it is essential that they harbour microbial populations that can maintain sufficient active biomass and degrade each of the chemical constituents present. in this study we investigated the effectiveness of a bacterial consortium composed of four species (clavibacter michiganensis, methylobacterium mesophilicum, rhodococcus erythropolis and pseudomonas putida), assembled on ... | 2004 | 14871209 |
| determination of genetic differences between fluid and nonfluid variants of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus using rep-pcr technique. | testing of 23 isolates of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus for analysis by rep-pcr (using box, eric, rep primer sets) was used for the purpose of localization of genetic markers for fluid and/or nonfluid strains. none of the primer sets was successful in detecting genetic differences between the isolates and no polymorphism was generated. | 2003 | 14976729 |
| fastidious xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogens. | numerous bacteria have been isolated from within plants, and many reported from xylem, but only three species of xylem-limited bacteria (xlb) that are fastidious in cultural requirements, are plant pathogens, and exclusively occupy xylem, have been well characterized. two xlb, xylella fastidiosa and pseudomonas syzygii, are transmitted by sucking insects that feed on xylem sap but are not transmitted mechanically from plant to plant. in contrast, clavibacter xyli is mechanically transmitted to p ... | 1996 | 15012538 |
| mapping, genetic effects, and epistatic interaction of two bacterial canker resistance qtls from lycopersicon hirsutum. | two quantitative trait loci (qtl) from lycopersicon hirsutum, rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1, control resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( cmm). to precisely map both loci, we applied interval mapping techniques to 1,056 individuals in three populations exhibiting f(2) segregation. based on a 1-lod confidence interval, rcm 2.0 mapped to a 14.9-cm interval on chromosome 2 and accounted for 25.7-34.0% of the phenotypic variation in disease severity. rcm 5.1 mapped to a 4.3-cm interv ... | 2004 | 15067391 |
| gulosibacter molinativorax gen. nov., sp. nov., a molinate-degrading bacterium, and classification of 'brevibacterium helvolum' dsm 20419 as pseudoclavibacter helvolus gen. nov., sp. nov. | a gram-positive, molinate-degrading bacterium, strain on4(t) (=dsm 13485(t)=lmg 21909(t)), was isolated from a mixed bacterial culture able to mineralize the herbicide molinate. the strain was strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive and non-acid-fast, with a growth temperature of 10-41 degrees c. it contained the major menaquinone mk-9 and a cell-wall peptidoglycan based on d-ornithine. 16s rdna sequence analysis revealed that the strain formed a distinct line of descent in the family m ... | 2004 | 15143025 |
| enzymatic conversion of the clavan exopolysaccharide by streptomyces sp. ysdl-20. | a screening programme was set up to isolate microorganisms able to hydrolyse the complex biopolymer clavan produced by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis lmg 5604. this valuable exopolysaccharide is very rich in l-fucose (37.5% w/w), a rare sugar, used in the medical field (vanhooren, 1999). a microorganism capable of depolymerizing the polymer may decrease the high viscosity during clavan batch fermentations and remove the limitations of the oxygen transfer and consequently increase ... | 2003 | 15296189 |
| glycoalkaloid aglycone accumulations associated with infection by clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus in potato species solanum acaule and solanum tuberosum and their interspecific somatic hybrids. | solanum acaule bitt., a wild potato species, is closely related to cultivated potato (solanum. tuberosum l.). incorporation of desirable traits from allotetraploid [2n=4x=48, 2 endosperm balance number (ebn)] s. acaule (acl) into autotetraploid (2n=4x=48, 4ebn) s. tuberosum (tbr) is difficult due to incongruity boundaries. in this study, three hybrid combinations, each with a specific genome constitution, were produced through protoplast fusion: (1) hexaploid 2x acl (+) 4x tbr, (2) tetraploid 2x ... | 2005 | 15365763 |
| proteomic analysis of resistance mediated by rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1, two loci controlling resistance to bacterial canker of tomato. | two quantitative trait loci from lycopersicon hirsutum, rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1, control resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato. lines containing rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1 and a susceptible control line were compared at 72 and 144 h postinoculation, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify proteins regulated in response to c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection. a total of 47 proteins were subjected to tandem mass sp ... | 2004 | 15384492 |
| in silico evaluation of molecular probes for detection and identification of ralstonia solanacearum and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | ralstonia solanacerum and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus are the two most relevant bacterial pathogens of potato for which a large number of molecular diagnostic methods using specific dna sequences have been developed. about one hundred oligonucleotides have been described and thoroughly tested experimentally. after having compiled and evaluated all these primers and probes in silico to check their specificity, many discrepancies were found. a detailed analysis permitted the recog ... | 2004 | 15490560 |
| [population of entophytic bacteria in maize roots and its dynamic analysis]. | in 2001-2002, 14 maize cultivars in liaoning province were used for the analysis of their entophytic bacteria population. the entophytic bacteria strains with a higher frequency in maize roots were bacillus spp., enterobacter spp., serratia spp., pseudomonas spp., xanthomonas spp., clavibacter spp., bacillus spp., enterobacter spp. and serratia spp. comparatively, bacillus spp. was the most prevalent entophytic bacterium, including 8 species, b. subtilis, b. megaterium, b. cereus, b. licheniform ... | 2004 | 15573985 |
| bacterial diversity in a nonsaline alkaline environment: heterotrophic aerobic populations. | heterotrophic populations were isolated and characterized from an alkaline groundwater environment generated by active serpentinization, which results in a ca(oh)2-enriched, extremely diluted groundwater with ph 11.4. one hundred eighty-five strains were isolated in different media at different ph values during two sampling periods. to assess the degree of diversity present in the environment and to select representative strains for further characterization of the populations, we screened the is ... | 2004 | 15574939 |