| [finding of anaerobic bacteria in blood cultures]. | out of the blood cultures sent to the bacteriology laboratory of hospital del niño dif, during the period of one year, in 1.4% of samples, isolation of anaerobic bacteria was obtained. isolation was more frequent in infants under one year of age, but specially in newborns. the species most frequently found were propionibacterium acnes, bacteroides melaninogenicus and clostridium subterminale. the presence of this finding in blood cultures of infants is noted, but there is no purpose to establish ... | 1978 | 619923 |
| identification of clostridium botulinum, clostridium argentinense, and related organisms by cellular fatty acid analysis. | on the basis of 686 analyses of 285 strains of clostridium botulinum, clostridium argentinense (formerly c. botulinum type g), and phenotypically related organisms, 14 cellular fatty acid (cfa) groups of toxic organisms and 6 cfa groups of nontoxic organisms were delineated. the cfa groups of toxic strains included two of type a, three of proteolytic strains of type b, two of proteolytic strains of type f, one each of nonproteolytic strains of types b, e, and f, and one each of types c alpha, c ... | 1991 | 1864927 |
| molecular properties of lysine-2,3-aminomutase. | lysine-2,3-aminomutase purified from clostridium subterminale sb4 is reported to exhibit an apparent subunit mr of 48,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the undenatured enzyme exhibits an apparent mr of 285,000, as determined by electrophoretic mobility and gel permeation chromatography (chirpich, t. p., zappia, v., costilow, r. n., and barker, h. a. (1970) j. biol. chem. 245, 1778-1789). the diffusion coefficient of the enzyme is 3.36 x 10(-7) c ... | 1991 | 2019591 |
| pleuropulmonary infection due to clostridium subterminale. | clostridial pleuropulmonary infection in a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism is described. clostridium subterminale was recovered as the sole pathogen on several occasions despite antibiotic therapy. the patient died of cardiac failure after a complicated course in hospital. clostridium subterminale is a rare pathogen and has not so far been reported as the sole cause of pleuropulmonary infection. | 1989 | 2600444 |
| isolation of clostridium botulinum type g from swiss soil specimens by using sequential steps in an identification scheme. | after clostridium botulinum type g organisms and toxin were identified in necropsy specimens in cases of unexplained death in adults and infants (o. sonnabend, w. sonnabend, r. heinzle, t. sigrist, r dirnhofer, and u. krech, j. infect. dis. 143:22-27, 1981), extensive research to detect c. botulinum type g in soil samples from switzerland was done. a total of 41 specimens from virgin soil and from cultivated land were examined for the presence of c. botulinum type g and other toxin types. becaus ... | 1987 | 3116935 |
| fluorescent-antibody reagents for the identification of clostridium botulinum. | fluorescent-antibody reagents were prepared against vegetative cells of representative strains of each physiological group and toxin type of clostridium botulinum known to have caused botulism in humans. a fluorescent-antibody reagent was also prepared for c. botulinum type g, which has been isolated from autopsy specimens but which has not clearly been implicated in botulism. these fluorescent-antibody reagents were evaluated against 200 strains of c. botulinum and 64 strains of other clostridi ... | 1983 | 6361053 |
| clostridium pascui sp. nov., a new glutamate-fermenting sporeformer from a pasture in pakistan. | four strains of an obligately anaerobic spore-forming bacterium were isolated from soil samples from a donkey pasture in pakistan. comparative 16s rrna sequence analysis demonstrated that the strains are members of phylogenetic cluster i of the genus clostridium (collins et al. 1994). the strains are mesophilic, nonsaccharolytic, and nonproteolytic, utilize glutamate and histidine, and produce indole. acetate, butyrate, ethanol, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are the products of fermentation. alth ... | 1997 | 8995820 |
| lysine 2,3-aminomutase from clostridium subterminale sb4: mass spectral characterization of cyanogen bromide-treated peptides and cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene kama in escherichia coli. | lysine 2,3-aminomutase (kam, ec 5.4.3.2.) catalyzes the interconversion of l-lysine and l-beta-lysine, the first step in lysine degradation in clostridium subterminale sb4. kam requires s-adenosylmethionine (sam), which mediates hydrogen transfer in a mechanism analogous to adenosylcobalamin-dependent reactions. kam also contains an iron-sulfur cluster and requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) for activity. in the present work, we report the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene kama for ... | 2000 | 10629195 |
| a novel lysine 2,3-aminomutase encoded by the yodo gene of bacillus subtilis: characterization and the observation of organic radical intermediates. | the yodo gene product of bacillus subtilis has been cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the nucleotide sequence encodes a protein of 471 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 54071 da. the translated amino acid sequence is more than 60% identical to that of the lysine 2,3-aminomutase from clostridium subterminale sb4. analytical hplc gel-permeation chromatography leads to an estimate of an over all molecular mass of 224000+/-21000 da, which corresponds to a tetra ... | 2000 | 10839984 |
| lysine 2,3-aminomutase and trans-4,5-dehydrolysine: characterization of an allylic analogue of a substrate-based radical in the catalytic mechanism. | an analogue of lysine, trans-4,5-dehydro-l-lysine (trans-4, 5-dehydrolysine), is a potent inhibitor of lysine 2,3-aminomutase from clostridium subterminale sb4 that competes with l-lysine for binding to the active site. inclusion of trans-4,5-dehydrolysine with activated enzyme and the coenzymes pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and s-adenosylmethionine, followed by freezing at 77 k, produces an intense signal in the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectrum at g 2.0, which is characteristic of an org ... | 2000 | 10924153 |
| metabolism of cinnamic acids by some clostridiales and emendation of the descriptions of clostridium aerotolerans, clostridium celerecrescens and clostridium xylanolyticum. | the ability of clostridium aerotolerans dsm 5434t, clostridium celerecrescens dsm 5628t, clostridium methoxybenzovorans dsm 12182t, clostridium stercorarium atcc 35414t, clostridium subterminale dsm 2636, clostridium termitidis dsm 5398t, clostridium thermolacticum dsm 2910t, clostridium thermopalmarium dsm 5974t and clostridium xylanolyticum dsm 6555t to metabolize cinnamic acid and various derivatives, with or without glucose supplementation, was examined. only c aerotolerans dsm 5434t and c. ... | 2001 | 11760953 |
| clostridium thiosulfatireducens sp. nov., a proteolytic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacterium isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor. | a strictly anaerobic, gram-positive, sporulating rod (0.5-0.6 x 2.0-4.0 microm), designated strain lup 21t, was isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor treating cheese-factory wastewater. strain lup 21t was motile by means of peritrichous flagella, had a g+c content of 31.4 mol% and grew optimally at 37 degrees c, ph 7.4, in the absence of nacl. it is a heterotrophic micro-organism, utilizing proteinaceous compounds (gelatin, peptides, casamino acids and various single am ... | 2002 | 12361247 |
| clostridium subterminale septicemia in a recipient of allogeneic cord blood transplantation. | | 2003 | 12729332 |
| role of commensal bacteria in development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and preimmune antibody repertoire. | intestinal bacteria are required for development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galt), which mediate a variety of host immune functions, such as mucosal immunity and oral tolerance. in rabbits, the intestinal microflora are also required for developing the preimmune ab repertoire by promoting somatic diversification of ig genes in b cells that have migrated to galt. we studied the mechanism of bacteria-induced galt development. bacteria were introduced into rabbits in which the appendix had ... | 2004 | 14707086 |
| the x-ray crystal structure of lysine-2,3-aminomutase from clostridium subterminale. | the x-ray crystal structure of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (plp), s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam), and [4fe-4s]-dependent lysine-2,3-aminomutase (lam) of clostridium subterminale has been solved to 2.1-a resolution by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion methods on a l-selenomethionine-substituted complex of lam with [4fe-4s]2+, plp, sam, and l-alpha-lysine, a very close analog of the active michaelis complex. the unit cell contains a dimer of hydrogen-bonded, domain-swapped dimers, the subunits ... | 2005 | 16166264 |
| clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of schirmacher oasis, antarctica. | a novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated ap15t, was isolated from lake sediments of schirmacher oasis, antarctica. the bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 degrees c in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0.5 % tryptone and peptone. the strain grew optimally at a ph around 8.0 and tolerated nacl up to a concentration of 7.5 %. it contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and c(15 : 0), c(16 : 0) and c(17 : 0) as the major cellular fatty a ... | 2006 | 16585682 |
| enantiomeric free radicals and enzymatic control of stereochemistry in a radical mechanism: the case of lysine 2,3-aminomutases. | the product of yjek in escherichia coli is a homologue of lysine 2,3-aminomutase (lam) from clostridium subterminale sb4, and both enzymes catalyze the isomerization of (s)- but not (r)-alpha-lysine by radical mechanisms. the turnover number for lam from e. coli is 5.0 min(-1), 0.1% of the value for clostridial lam. the reaction of e. coli lam with (s)-alpha-[3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-(2)h8]lysine proceeds with a kinetic isotope effect (kh/kd) of 1.4, suggesting that hydrogen transfer is not rate-limiting ... | 2006 | 17042480 |
| identification of structural and catalytic classes of highly conserved amino acid residues in lysine 2,3-aminomutase. | lysine 2,3-aminomutase (lam) from clostridium subterminale sb4 catalyzes the interconversion of (s)-lysine and (s)-beta-lysine by a radical mechanism involving coenzymatic actions of s-adenosylmethionine (sam), a [4fe-4s] cluster, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp). the enzyme contains a number of conserved acidic residues and a cysteine- and arginine-rich motif, which binds iron and sulfide in the [4fe-4s] cluster. the results of activity and iron, sulfide, and plp analysis of variants resulting ... | 2006 | 17042481 |
| glutamate 2,3-aminomutase: a new member of the radical sam superfamily of enzymes. | a gene eam in clostridium difficile encodes a protein that is homologous to lysine 2,3-aminomutase (lam) in many other species but does not have the lysyl-binding residues asp293 and asp330 in lam from clostridium subterminale sb4. the c. difficile protein has lys and asn, respectively, in the sequence positions of the essential asp residues in lam. the c. difficile gene has been cloned into an e. coli expression vector, expressed in e. coli, and the protein purified and characterized. the recom ... | 2007 | 17222594 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular protease produced by psychrotolerant clostridium sp. lp3 from lake sediment of leh, india. | an anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium isolated from lake sediments of leh, india, was characterized with respect to morphology, biochemical characteristics, and 16s rrna sequence and was identified as clostridium species, with closest similarity to clostridium subterminale. isolate lp3 was psychrophilic, forming maximum cell mass between 10 and 20 degrees c, and produced extracellular protease. growth was observed in the ph range of 7.0-8.5, with optimum at ph 7.5. protease was purified 62.4-fold ... | 2006 | 17473893 |
| clostridium sulfidigenes sp. nov., a mesophilic, proteolytic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacterium isolated from pond sediment. | a novel strictly anaerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium, designated strain sgb2(t), was isolated from a mixed culture from a pond sediment during screening for sulfate-reducing bacteria capable of degrading cyanophycin (cgp). in this study, the taxonomic characterization of this mesophilic, proteolytic clostridium isolate and the role which it, and its phylogenetic relatives, may play in peptide degradation and in the sulfur cycle are reported. strain sgb2(t) was a com ... | 2009 | 19542123 |
| clostridium subterminale sepsis in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | | 2011 | 21599594 |
| detection of pathogenic clostridia in biogas plant wastes. | as the number of biogas plants has grown rapidly in the last decade, the amount of potentially contaminated wastes with pathogenic clostridium spp. has increased as well. this study reports the results from examining 203 biogas plant wastes (bgws). the following clostridium spp. with different frequencies could be isolated via a new enrichment medium (krüne medium) and detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms): clostridium perfringens ... | 2015 | 24984829 |
| matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of clostridium species isolated from saudi arabia. | the aim of this study was to identify different clostridium spp. isolated from currency notes from the ha'il region of saudi arabia in september 2014 using maldi-tof-ms. clostridium spp. were identified by bruker maldi-tof-ms and compared with vitek 2. the confirmation of the presence of different clostridium spp. was performed by determining the sequence of the 16s ribosomal rna gene. in this study, 144 clostridium spp. were isolated. among these specimens, maldi-tof-ms could identify 88.8% (12 ... | 2016 | 26991272 |
| clostridium vulturis sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the cinereous vulture (aegypius monachus). | a gram-stain positive, strict anaerobe, spore-forming, motile rod-shaped bacterial strain with peritrichous flagella, designated ymb-57(t), was isolated from the intestine of a cinereous vulture (aegypius monachus) in korea. strain ymb-57(t) was found to show optimal growth at 37 °c, ph 7.5 and 1.0 % (w/v) nacl. phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence showed that strain ymb-57(t) belongs to the genus clostridium and is most closely related to the type strains of clostridium sub ... | 2014 | 25063360 |
| clostridium punense sp. nov., an obligate anaerobe isolated from healthy human faeces. | an obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped (0.5-1.0 × 2.0-10.0 μm), gram-stain-positive bacterium, occurring mainly singly or in pairs, and designated blpyg-8t, was isolated from faeces of a healthy human volunteer aged 56 years. cells were non-motile. oval, terminal spores were formed that swell the cells. the strain was affiliated with the genus clostridium sensu stricto (clostridium rrna cluster i) as revealed by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. strain blpyg-8t showed 97.3 to 97.4 % 16s rrna gene se ... | 2015 | 26419229 |
| clostridium huakuii sp. nov., an anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium isolated from methanogenic consortia. | a gram-staining-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium, designated lam1030(t), was isolated from methanogenic consortia enriched from biogas slurry collected from the large-scale anaerobic digester of modern farming corporation in hebei province, china. cells of strain lam1030(t) were motile, straight or spiral-rod-shaped. strain lam1030(t) could utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, mannitol, pyruvate, succinic acid and tryptop ... | 2014 | 25230767 |
| isolation of six novel 7-oxo- or urso-type secondary bile acid-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents. | understanding the dynamics of secondary bile acid (sba) formation in the gut by sba-producing bacteria is important for host health, as sbas have been shown to affect host pathophysiology and gut microbiota composition. however, our knowledge of sba producers is limited in light of the diversity of gut microbes. here, we isolated six novel sba-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents, all of which were members of known species of gut microbes. anaerostipes caccae d10, bacteroides nordii c5, cl ... | 2017 | 28751127 |
| clostridium subterminale septicemia in an immunocompetent patient. | clostridium subterminale is a clostridium species that has been rarely isolated in the blood of immunocompromised patients. we report a case of c. subterminale septicemia in an immunocompetent patient who presented with acute mediastinitis following spontaneous esophageal rupture. | 2016 | 27478764 |
| why nature uses radical sam enzymes so widely: electron nuclear double resonance studies of lysine 2,3-aminomutase show the 5'-dado• "free radical" is never free. | lysine 2,3-aminomutase (lam) is a radical s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam) enzyme and, like other members of this superfamily, lam utilizes radical-generating machinery comprising sam anchored to the unique fe of a [4fe-4s] cluster via a classical five-membered n,o chelate ring. catalysis is initiated by reductive cleavage of the sam s-c5' bond, which creates the highly reactive 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical (5'-dado•), the same radical generated by homolytic co-c bond cleavage in b12 radical enzymes. t ... | 2015 | 25923449 |
| clostridium subterminale septicemia in a patient with esophageal cancer. | clostridium subterminale (c. subterminale) is a pathogenic species of clostridium that has been infrequently isolated. we report a case of c. subterminale bacteremia causing sepsis in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancy. | 2014 | 26955525 |