| urease assay and urease-producing species of anaerobes in the bovine rumen and human feces. | a growth medium and test were developed for rapid detection of urease in fermentative anaerobic bacteria. using nonselective rumen fluid roll-tube agar medium and the new test, it was confirmed that peptostreptococcus productus is often the most numerous urease-forming species in human feces. also, some fecal strains of ruminococcus albus, clostridium innocuum, and clostridium beijerinckii produced urease. single strains of fusobacterium prausnitzii, coprococcus catus, and streptococcus mitis th ... | 1977 | 879770 |
| purification and properties of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase from clostridium beijerinckii ("clostridium butylicum") nrrl b593. | the enzyme 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme a (coa) dehydrogenase has been purified 45-fold to apparent homogeneity from the solvent-producing anaerobe clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b593. the identities of 34 of the n-terminal 35 amino acid residues have been determined. the enzyme exhibited a native m(r) of 213,000 and a subunit m(r) of 30,800. it is specific for the (s)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coa. michaelis constants for nadh and acetoacetyl-coa were 8.6 and 14 microm, respectively. the maxim ... | 1992 | 1444364 |
| structure and oxidation-reduction behavior of 1-deaza-fmn flavodoxins: modulation of redox potentials in flavodoxins. | flavodoxins from clostridium beijerinckii and from megasphaera elsdenii with 1-carba-1-deaza-fmn substituted for fmn have been used to study flavin-protein interactions in flavodoxins. the oxidized 1-deaza analogue of fmn binds to apoflavodoxins from m. elsdenii and c. beijerinckii (a.k.a. clostridium mp) with association constants (ka) of 1.0 x 10(7) m-1 and 3.1 x 10(6) m-1, values about 10(2) less than the corresponding ka values for fmn. x-ray structure analysis of oxidized 1-deaza-fmn flavod ... | 1990 | 2261478 |
| coenzyme a-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase from clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592. | acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde are substrates for alcohol dehydrogenase in the production of ethanol and 1-butanol by solvent-producing clostridia. a coenzyme a (coa)-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh), which also converts acyl-coa to aldehyde and coa, has been purified under anaerobic conditions from clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592. the aldh showed a native molecular weight (mr) of 100,000 and a subunit mr of 55,000, suggesting that aldh is dimeric. purified aldh contained no alcohol de ... | 1990 | 2275527 |
| purification and properties of an acetoacetyl coenzyme a-reacting phosphotransbutyrylase from clostridium beijerinckii ("clostridium butylicum") nrrl b593. | during the study of acetoacetyl coenzyme a (coa)-reacting enzymes of clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b593, a phosphate-dependent acetoacetyl-coa-utilizing activity was detected in protein fractions devoid of thiolase and phosphotransacetylase. further purification of this acetoacetyl-coa-utilizing activity yielded an enzyme which may be designated as phosphotransbutyrylase (ptb; phosphate butyryltransferase [ec 2.3.1.19]). ptb from c. beijerinckii nrrl b593 was purified 160-fold with a yield of 14 ... | 1990 | 2317039 |
| deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the plasmalogens and the glycerol acetals of plasmalogens of clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii. | deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance was used to investigate the structure of different lipid fractions isolated from the anaerobic bacteria clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii. the fractions isolated from c. butyricum were (1) phosphatidylethanolamine/plasmenylethanolamine and (2) the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine, and from c. beijerinckii similar fractions containing principally (1) phosphatidyl-n-monomethylethanolamine, along with its plasmalogen, and (2) the glycero ... | 1987 | 3676294 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of clostridia. | over a 2 1/2 year period 361 clinical isolates of clostridia, representing 28 species, were tested for susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents. penicillin resistant strains were tested for their ability to produce beta-lactamase: of the commonly isolated species only clostridium beijerinckii/butyricum produced the enzyme. cl. perfringens exhibited a low incidence of resistance to all of the agents tested. cl. difficile showed a high degree of resistance to penicillin and clindamycin ... | 1985 | 3872295 |
| phospholipid aliphatic chain composition modulates lipid class composition, but not lipid asymmetry in clostridium butyricum. | the phospholipid composition of the butyric acid-producing clostridia is responsive to the degree of enrichment of the lipids with cis-unsaturated fatty acids. when clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii are grown on oleic acid in media devoid of biotin, the acyl and alk-1-enyl chains of the phospholipids become highly enriched with 18:1 and c19-cyclopropane. under these conditions there is a marked increase in the glycerol acetals of the major plasmalogens of these organisms. we hav ... | 1985 | 3970912 |
| experimental cecitis in gnotoxenic chickens monoassociated with clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | an animal model for clostridium butyricum necrotizing cecitis has been developed in axenic chickens inoculated orally between 2 and 50 days of life. cecitis was obtained with two c. butyricum strains isolated from neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and not with a clostridium beijerinckii strain from dairy products; the rate of colonization of the intestinal tract by this strain was lower than that obtained with c. butyricum strains. the clinical findings showed a slow gain in body weight. the ce ... | 1985 | 3972448 |
| survey of neuraminidase production by clostridium butyricum, clostridium beijerinckii, and clostridium difficile strains from clinical and nonclinical sources. | neuraminidase production was investigated in 57 clostridium butyricum strains, 16 clostridium beijerinckii strains, and 25 clostridium difficile strains. neuraminidase activity was found only in c. butyricum strains originating from one human newborn with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, two newborns with hemorrhagic colitis, one infected placenta, and one adult with peritonitis, it was concluded that neuraminidase was not a major virulence factor in c. butyricum strains. | 1985 | 4056013 |
| [occurrence of neuraminidase and acylneuraminate lyase in clostridium beijerinckii and clostridium tertium (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4155206 |
| bacteria responsible for the retting of brazilian flax. | twenty-two species of bacteria were isolated from linum usitatissimum stored for retting. achromobacter parvulus, clostridium beijerinckii, c. saprogenes, c. saccharoacetoperbutylicum, c. perenne, and pseudomonas aeruginosa and its achromogenic variety are retting agents. the last species mentioned performs the retting in only 72 hr. this is the first time a. parvulus has been shown to be a retting agent. | 1965 | 5866046 |
| studies on the beta-glucuronidase production of clostridia. | we investigated the beta-glucuronidase-producing capacity of 197 strains of 19 different species of clostridia, using the procedure described by kilian and bülow (8). most of the hobbs' serotyped strains of clostridium perfringens (104 out of 109 strains) were found to produce beta-glucuronidase, whereas non-serotyped strains (21 out of 32 strains) did not. some strains of other species such as clostridium beijerinckii (c. beijerinckii), c. clostridiforme, c. difficile, c. limosum, and c. ramosu ... | 1983 | 6326418 |
| identification of clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii by gas-liquid chromatography and sugar fermentation: correlation with dna homologies and electrophoretic patterns. | sixty-five strains of clostridia of the butyricum group were studied by dna-dna hybridization, electrophoresis of cell proteins, gas-liquid chromatography, and fermentation of glycerol, inositol and ribose. the dna--dna hybridization results confirmed that strains of this group belong to two main species, clostridium butyricum and c. beijerinckii. five strains did not hybridize with the reference strains of these two species. most of the strains could be identified by quantitative gas-liquid chr ... | 1983 | 6631419 |
| lipid composition in the classification of the butyric acid-producing clostridia. | an examination of 20 strains of butyric acid-producing clostridium species for phospholipid class compositions, plasmalogen content, and acyl and alk-l-enyl chains showed that the deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups i (clostridium butyricum) and ii (clostridium beijerinckii) could be distinguished by their lipid compositions. the phospholipids of c. butyricum strains had ethanolamine as the major nitrogenous lipid polar head-group moiety, more octadecenoate plus c19-cyclopropane than hexadecen ... | 1983 | 6886674 |
| taxonomy and phylogeny of industrial solvent-producing clostridia. | we performed a systematic study of 55 solvent-producing clostridial strains, the majority of which are currently classified as clostridium acetobutylicum strains, by using a combination of biotyping and dna fingerprint analysis. the biotyping procedures used included rifampin susceptibility testing, bacteriocin typing, and bacteriophage typing. the 55 strains examined exhibited a good correlation between their biotypes and dna fingerprints, which allowed us to divide them into nine groups. the d ... | 1995 | 7547288 |
| rapid expansion of the physical and genetic map of the chromosome of clostridium perfringens cpn50. | the physical map of the 3.6-megabase chromosome of clostridium perfringens cpn50 was extended by positioning sites for the endonucleases sfii and i-ceui, and in parallel, the gene map was expanded by using a genome scanning strategy. this involved the cloning and sequencing of random chromosomal fragments, identification of the functions of the putative genes by database searches, and then hybridization analysis. the current gene map comprises almost 100 markers, many of which encode housekeepin ... | 1995 | 7559358 |
| molecular genetics and the initiation of solventogenesis in clostridium beijerinckii (formerly clostridium acetobutylicum) ncimb 8052. | a physical map of the clostridium beijerinckii (formerly clostridium acetobutylicum) ncimb 8052 chromosome has been constructed, encompassing about 90 rare restriction sites. the 14 rrn operons together with about 40 genes have been assigned positions on the map. genetic analysis and gene transfer have been developed in this organism to enable in vivo analysis of the roles of cloned genes using marker replacement technology. experiments using the available genetic tools have shown that spo0a pla ... | 1995 | 7576769 |
| chemotherapeutic tumour targeting using clostridial spores. | the toxicity associated with conventional cancer chemotherapy is primarily due to a lack of specificity for tumour cells. in contrast, intravenously injected clostridial spores exhibit a remarkable specificity for tumours. this is because, following their administration, clostridial spores become exclusively localised to, and germinate in, the hypoxic/necrotic tissue of tumours. this unique property could be exploited to deliver therapeutic agents to tumours. in particular, genetic engineering c ... | 1995 | 7576773 |
| electro-transformation of clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b-592 with shuttle plasmid phr106 and recombinant derivatives. | conditions for transformation of the solventogenic anaerobe clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b-592 with plasmid dna via electroporation are described. shuttle plasmid phr106 and two derivatives constructed in this study were transferred and were expressed in this organism. one recombinant derivative of phr106 was constructed by separately subcloning the clostridial tetracycline (tetp) resistance genes into phr106. the second vector conferring erythromycin resistance was obtained via in-vivo recombi ... | 1994 | 7764636 |
| physical map of the clostridium beijerinckii (formerly clostridium acetobutylicum) ncimb 8052 chromosome. | a combined physical and genetic map of the single, circular, 6.7-mbp chromosome of the ncimb 8052 strain of clostridium beijerinckii (formerly clostridium acetobutylicum) has been constructed by using a combination of cloned dna fragments as hybridization probes and a bank of strains harboring insertions of the conjugative transposon tn1545. the positions of 81 restriction endonuclease cleavage sites and 32 genes have been determined. eight genes concerned with solventogenic fermentation are fou ... | 1995 | 7814334 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of oxidized and reduced clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin. | molecular dynamics simulations of oxidized and reduced clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin in water have been performed in a sphere of 1.4-nm radius surrounded by a restrained shell of 0.8 nm. the flavin binding site, comprising the active site of the flavodoxin, was in the center of the sphere. no explicit information about protein-bound water molecules was included. an analysis is made of the motional characteristics of residues located in the active site. positional fluctuations, hydrogen bon ... | 1994 | 8011895 |
| comparison of electron transfer kinetics between redox proteins free in solution and electrostatically complexed to a lipid bilayer membrane. | the second-order rate constants obtained in solution for the reduction of horse cytochrome c (cytc; net charge +7) by either clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin semiquinone (fld; net charge -16) or reduced spinach ferredoxin (fd; net charge -15) decrease monotonically with increasing ionic strength, as expected for reactions between oppositely charged species. although the rate constant for the fld reaction is almost two orders of magnitude larger at low ionic strength than that for fd, the valu ... | 1994 | 8179324 |
| flavin dynamics in oxidized clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin as assessed by time-resolved polarized fluorescence. | the time-resolved fluorescence characteristics of flavin in oxidized flavodoxin isolated from the anaerobic bacterium clostridium beijerinckii have been examined. the fluorescence intensity decays were analyzed using the maximum-entropy method. it is demonstrated that there exist large differences in fluorescence behaviour between free and protein-bound fmn. three fluorescence lifetime components are found in oxidized flavodoxin, two of which are not present in the fluorescence-intensity decay o ... | 1993 | 8281949 |
| purification and characterization of a primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from two strains of clostridium beijerinckii. | two primary alcohols (1-butanol and ethanol) are major fermentation products of several clostridial species. in addition to these two alcohols, the secondary alcohol 2-propanol is produced to a concentration of about 100 mm by some strains of clostridium beijerinckii. an alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) has been purified to homogeneity from two strains (nrrl b593 and neste 255) of 2-propanol-producing c. beijerinckii. when exposed to air, the purified adh was stable, whereas the partially purified ad ... | 1993 | 8349550 |
| flavin dynamics in reduced flavodoxins. a time-resolved polarized fluorescence study. | the time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy characteristics of reduced flavin mononucleotide in solution as well as bound in flavodoxins isolated from the bacteria desulfovibrio gigas, desulfovibrio vulgaris, clostridium beijerinckii mp and megasphaera elsdenii have been examined. all fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy decays were analyzed by two different methods: (a) least-squares fitting with a sum of exponentials and (b) the maximum entropy method to yield distributed li ... | 1993 | 8425547 |
| properties of a high-potential flavin analogue and its use as an active site probe with clostridial flavodoxin. | the reduction potential of flavin bearing a methylsulfonyl moiety (meso2) in place of a methyl group at position 8 is increased by more than 150 mv as compared with normal flavin. this substitution is accompanied by a substantial increase in reactivity with various reductants, including nadh, and greatly (10(3)-fold) enhanced susceptibility toward nucleophilic attack by sulfite at n(5). 1,5-dihydro-8-(methylsulfonyl)riboflavin exhibits two intense, well-resolved absorption bands (lambda max = 31 ... | 1993 | 8476868 |
| anaerobic bacteria as a delivery system for cancer gene therapy: in vitro activation of 5-fluorocytosine by genetically engineered clostridia. | certain species of anaerobic bacteria have been shown to localise and germinate specifically in the hypoxic regions of tumours, resulting in tumour lysis. we propose an innovative approach to cancer gene therapy in which genetically engineered anaerobic bacteria of the genus clostridium are used to achieve tumour-specific gene delivery. our strategy involves enzyme/prodrug therapy, in which the escherichia coli enzyme cytosine deaminase is used to convert the non-toxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine t ... | 1996 | 8867865 |
| molecular characterization of a family of choline-binding proteins of clostridium beijerinckii ncib 8052. evolution and gene redundancy in prokaryotic cell. | three genes homologous to cspa, which encodes the major secretable protein of clostridium beijerinckii ncib 8052 have been cloned and sequenced. the csp proteins showed the typical modular structure of cell-wall associated proteins and, that found in the choline-binding proteins of streptococcus pneumoniae. the variable number of repeats that constitute the c-terminal choline-binding domain suggests that the csp genes have evolved by deletion-duplication events. northern blot analysis indicated ... | 1996 | 8973341 |
| control of oxidation-reduction potentials in flavodoxin from clostridium beijerinckii: the role of conformation changes. | x-ray analyses of wild-type and mutant flavodoxins from clostridium beijerinckii show that the conformation of the peptide gly57-asp58, in a bend near the isoalloxazine ring of fmn, is correlated with the oxidation state of the fmn prosthetic group. the gly-asp peptide may adopt any of three conformations: trans o-up, in which the carbonyl oxygen of gly57 (o57) points toward the flavin ring; trans o-down, in which o57 points away from the flavin; and cis o-down. interconversions among these conf ... | 1997 | 9063874 |
| cultures of "clostridium acetobutylicum" from various collections comprise clostridium acetobutylicum, clostridium beijerinckii, and two other distinct types based on dna-dna reassociation. | the best-known acetone-butanol (solvent)-producing bacterium is the weizmann organism, clostridium acetobutylicum, which was used for starch-based industrial fermentation. in the past two decades, cultures of "c. acetobutylicum" from various culture collections have included organisms that were isolated for sugar (molasses)-based industrial solvent production. recent biochemical and genetic studies have revealed significant differences among some of these "c. acetobutylicum" strains. we used dna ... | 1997 | 9103631 |
| genetic manipulation of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria. | transposon tn1545 was introduced into the chromosome of the ruminal cellulolytic bacterium eubacterium cellulosolvens. this was achieved by conjugal transfer of the transposon from clostridium beijerinckii at a frequency of about 1 per 10(4) recipient cells. transconjugants of e. cellulosolvens were resistant to both tetracycline and erythromycin. e. cellulosolvens could also serve as a donor for conjugal transfer of tn1545 back into c. beijerinckii. | 1997 | 9274059 |
| purification and characterization of konjac glucomannan degrading enzyme from anaerobic human intestinal bacterium, clostridium butyricum-clostridium beijerinckii group. | konjac glucomannan degrading enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture broth of an anaerobic human intestinal bacterium, clostridium butyricum-clostridium beijerinckii group. the enzyme was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 50,000-53,000. the enzyme was an endo-beta-mannanase that acted specifically on the polysaccharides such as konjac glucomannan and coffee mannan, producing exclusively their smaller oligosaccharides and the monosaccharides. the optima ... | 1997 | 9362121 |
| physical and genetic map of the clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824 chromosome. | a physical and genetic map of the clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824 chromosome was constructed. the macrorestriction map for ceui, eagi, and sstii was created by ordering the 38 restriction sites by one- and two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by using an original strategy based on the ceui enzyme and indirect end labelling by hybridization on both sides of the ceui sites with rrs (16s rna) and 3' rrl (23s rna) probes. the circular chromosome was estimated to be 4.15 mb ... | 1997 | 9393708 |
| conjugal transfer of transposon tn1545 into the cellulolytic bacterium eubacterium cellulosolvens. | tn1545, a self-mobilizing transposon, was introduced into the chromosome of the ruminal cellulolytic bacterium eubacterium cellulosolvens. this was achieved by conjugal transfer of the transposon from clostridium beijerinckii at a frequency of 1 per 10(6) recipient cells. transconjugants of eu. cellulosolvens were resistant to both tetracycline and erythromycin, and were able to mobilize tn1545 back into cl. beijerinckii. southern blot hybridization of representative transconjugants did not reve ... | 1998 | 9489031 |
| a gene system for glucitol transport and metabolism in clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052. | the gutd gene of clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 encoding glucitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was cloned on a 5.7-kbp chromosomal dna fragment by complementing an escherichia coli gutd mutant strain and selecting for growth on glucitol. five open reading frames (orfs) in the order guta1 guta2 orfx gutb gutd were identified in a 4.0-kbp region of the cloned dna. the deduced products of four of these orfs were homologous to components of the glucitol phosphotransferase system (pts) and glucitol ... | 1998 | 9572925 |
| truncation of peptide deformylase reduces the growth rate and stabilizes solvent production in clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052. | the wild-type strain of clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 tends to degenerate (i.e., lose the ability to form solvents) after prolonged periods of laboratory culture. several tn1545 mutants of this organism showing enhanced long-term stability of solvent production were isolated. four of them harbor identical insertions within the fms (def) gene, which encodes peptide deformylase (pdf). the c. beijerinckii fms gene product contains four diagnostic residues involved in the zn2+ coordination and ... | 1998 | 9572951 |
| comparison of staining techniques for scanning electron microscopic detection of ultrastructural protuberances on cellulolytic bacteria. | cell surface protuberances found on cellulolytic bacteria, but not on noncellulolytic bacteria, can be detected by scanning electron microscopy. cationized ferritin typically has been used as a stain to increase the microscopic resolution of these protuberances; however, as a cation it binds only to negatively charged molecules. thus, binding of cationized ferritin to cell surface molecules can be affected by the cell's physiological state. we incubated the noncellulolytic bacterium, clostridium ... | 1998 | 9605626 |
| role of methionine 56 in the control of the oxidation-reduction potentials of the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin: effects of substitutions by aliphatic amino acids and evidence for a role of sulfur-flavin interactions. | flavodoxins are small electron transferases that participate in low-potential electron transfer pathways. the flavodoxin protein is able to separate the two redox couples of the noncovalently bound flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor through the differential thermodynamic stabilization or destabilization of each of its redox states. in the flavodoxin from clostridium beijerinckii, the sulfur atom of methionine 56 is in direct contact with the re or inner face of the isoalloxazine ring of the fm ... | 1998 | 9657679 |
| note: sucrose transport and metabolism in clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052. | sucrose is the major carbon source in molasses, the traditional substrate employed in the industrial acetonebutanol-ethanol (abe) fermentation by solventogenic clostridia. the utilization of sucrose by clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 was investigated. extracts prepared from cultures grown on sucrose (but not xylose or fructose) as the sole carbon source possessed sucrose phosphoenolpyruvate (pep)-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) activity. extract fractionation and reconstitution exp ... | 1998 | 9674147 |
| solvent production by clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592 growing on different potato media. | very good solvent formation rates were observed when clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592 was cultivated on different whole potato media. the increase in whole potato concentration contributed to the increased final solvent concentrations, while the addition of yeast extract or mineral salts gave negative effects. to obtain good solvent productivities and high final solvent concentrations during batch fermentation, no enzymatic hydrolysis of the potato starch was necessary, indicating high activit ... | 1998 | 9830093 |
| nadp-dependent bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases: crystal structure, cofactor-binding and cofactor specificity of the adhs of clostridium beijerinckii and thermoanaerobacter brockii. | we have determined the x-ray structures of the nadp(h)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase of clostridiim beijerinckii (cbadh) in the apo and holo-enzyme forms at 2.15 a and 2.05 a resolution, respectively, and of the holo-alcohol dehydrogenase of thermoanaerobacter brockii (tbadh) at 2.5 a. these are the first structures of prokaryotic alcohol dehydrogenase to be determined as well as that of the first nadp(h)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. cbadh and tbadh 75% have sequence identity and very simi ... | 1998 | 9836873 |
| enhanced thermal stability of clostridium beijerinckii alcohol dehydrogenase after strategic substitution of amino acid residues with prolines from the homologous thermophilic thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase. | a comparison of the three-dimensional structures of the closely related mesophilic clostridium beijerinckii alcohol dehydrogenase (cbadh) and the hyperthermophilic thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (tbadh) suggested that extra proline residues in tbadh located in strategically important positions might contribute to the extreme thermal stability of tbadh. we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace eight complementary residue positions in cbadh, one residue at a time, with prolin ... | 1998 | 9836874 |
| effect of acetate on molecular and physiological aspects of clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 solvent production and strain degeneration. | the addition of sodium acetate to chemically defined mp2 medium was found to increase and stabilize solvent production and also increase glucose utilization by clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052. rna and enzyme analyses indicated that coenzyme a (coa) transferase was highly expressed and has higher activity in c. beijerinckii ncimb 8052 grown in mp2 medium containing added sodium acetate than in the microorganism grown without sodium acetate. rna analysis suggested the existence of a sol operon ... | 1999 | 9925574 |
| examination of physiological and molecular factors involved in enhanced solvent production by clostridium beijerinckii ba101 | the specific activities and the mrna expression levels associated with coenzyme a transferase, acetoacetate decarboxylase, and butyraldehyde dehydrogenase were elevated in hyper-solvent-producing clostridium beijerinckii ba101 during the exponential growth phase. the increase in expression of the sol operon and associated enzyme activities may be responsible for enhanced solvent production by c. beijerinckii ba101. | 1999 | 10224036 |
| the midpoint potentials for the oxidized-semiquinone couple for gly57 mutants of the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin correlate with changes in the hydrogen-bonding interaction with the proton on n(5) of the reduced flavin mononucleotide cofactor as measured by nmr chemical shift temperature dependencies. | in the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin, the reduction of the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor is accompanied by a local conformation change in which the gly57-asp58 peptide bond "flips" from primarily the unusual cis o-down conformation in the oxidized state to the trans o-up conformation such that a new hydrogen bond can be formed between the carbonyl group of gly57 and the proton on n(5) of the neutral fmn semiquinone radical [ludwig, m. l., pattridge, k. a., metzger, a. l., dixon, m. ... | 1999 | 10353827 |
| the genes controlling sucrose utilization in clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 constitute an operon. | the sucrose operon of clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 comprises four genes, which encode a sucrose-specific enzyme iibc(scr) protein of the phosphotransferase system (scra), a transcriptional repressor (scrr), a sucrose hydrolase (scrb) and an atp-dependent fructokinase (scrk). the scrarbk operon was cloned in escherichia coli in three stages. initial isolation was achieved by screening a c. beijerinckii genomic library in e. coli for clones able to utilize sucrose, while the remainder of th ... | 1999 | 10411273 |
| oligomeric integrity--the structural key to thermal stability in bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases. | principles of protein thermostability have been studied by comparing structures of thermostable proteins with mesophilic counterparts that have a high degree of sequence identity. two tetrameric nadp(h)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, one from clostridium beijerinckii (cbadh) and the other from thermoanaerobacter brockii (tbadh), having exceptionally high (75%) sequence identity, differ by 30 degrees in their melting temperatures. the crystal structures of cbadh and tbadh in their holo-enzyme ... | 1999 | 10417229 |
| dissimilatory fe(iii) reduction by clostridium beijerinckii isolated from freshwater sediment using fe(iii) maltol enrichment. | a microorganism which reduces fe(iii) during the fermentation of glucose was isolated from freshwater sediment. the fe(iii) was supplied to enrichment cultures as a soluble complex with the bidentate ligand maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone). advantages that were afforded by the use of fe(iii)(maltol)3 over previously published methods included negation of the requirement for assays of fe(ii) formation. because fe(iii)(maltol)3 has a characteristic deep red colour, fe(iii) reduction could be q ... | 1999 | 10418140 |
| production of acetone butanol ethanol (abe) by a hyper-producing mutant strain of clostridium beijerinckii ba101 and recovery by pervaporation. | a silicone membrane was used to study butanol separation from model butanol solutions and fermentation broth. depending upon the butanol feed concentration in the model solution and pervaporation conditions, butanol selectivities of 20.88-68.32 and flux values of 158.7-215.4 g m(-)(2) h(-)(1) were achieved. higher flux values (400 g m(-)(2) h(-)(1)) were obtained at higher butanol concentrations using air as sweep gas. in an integrated process of butanol fermentation-recovery, solvent productivi ... | 1999 | 10441349 |
| role of glutamate-59 hydrogen bonded to n(3)h of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor in the modulation of the redox potentials of the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin. glutamate-59 is not responsible for the ph dependency but contributes to the stabilization of the flavin semiquinone. | the midpoint potentials for both redox couples of the noncovalently bound flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor in the flavodoxin are known to be ph dependent. while the ph dependency for the oxidized-semiquinone (ox/sq) couple is consistent with the formation of the blue neutral form of the flavin semiquinone, that of the semiquinone-hydroquinone (sq/hq) couple is more enigmatic. the apparent pk(a) of 6.7 for this couple in the flavodoxin from clostridium beijerinckii has been attributed to the ... | 1999 | 10493805 |
| acetate enhances solvent production and prevents degeneration in clostridium beijerinckii ba101 | addition of sodium acetate to chemically defined mp2 medium was found to increase and stabilize solvent production by clostridium beijerinckii ba101, a solvent-hyperproducing mutant derived from c. beijerinckii ncimb 8052. c. beijerinckii ba101 demonstrated a greater increase in solvent production than c. beijerinckii ncimb 8052 when sodium acetate was added to mp2 medium. in 1-l batch fermentations, c. beijerinckii ba101 produced 32.6 g/l total solvents, with butanol at 20.9 g/l, when grown in ... | 1999 | 10499256 |
| clostridium beijerinckii endophthalmitis secondary to penetrating ocular injury. | endophthalmitis occurs in five to 10% of injuries involving intraocular foreign bodies. a 52 year old abattoir worker sustained such penetrating ocular trauma and developed fulminant endophthalmitis. clostridium beijerinckii was isolated from the vitreous humor. intravitreal vancomycin and amikacin and intravenous penicillin and clindamycin were given. despite therapeutic vancomycin and amikacin levels in the vitreous, vision was lost and enucleation was ultimately required. | 1999 | 10503274 |
| the ald gene, encoding a coenzyme a-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, distinguishes clostridium beijerinckii and two other solvent-producing clostridia from clostridium acetobutylicum. | the coenzyme a (coa)-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) catalyzes a key reaction in the acetone- and butanol (solvent)-producing clostridia. it reduces acetyl-coa and butyryl-coa to the corresponding aldehydes, which are then reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) to form ethanol and 1-butanol. the aldh of clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b593 was purified. it had no adh activity, was nad(h) specific, and was more active with butyraldehyde than with acetaldehyde. the n-terminal amino acid sequ ... | 1999 | 10543811 |
| comparisons of wild-type and mutant flavodoxins from anacystis nidulans. structural determinants of the redox potentials. | the long-chain flavodoxins, with 169-176 residues, display oxidation-reduction potentials at ph 7 that vary from -50 to -260 mv for the oxidized/semiquinone (ox/sq) equilibrium and are -400 mv or lower for the semiquinone/hydroquinone (sq/hq) equilibrium. to examine the effects of protein interactions and conformation changes on fmn potentials in the long-chain flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans (synechococcus pcc 7942), we have determined crystal structures for the semiquinone and hydroquinone ... | 1999 | 10610792 |
| crystal structure of a thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase substrate complex suggests determinants of substrate specificity and thermostability. | the crystal structure of a thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (tbad) from thermoanaerobacter brockii has been determined in a binary complex with sec-butanol as substrate to a resolution of 3.0 a. van der waals interactions of the carbon c1 atom of sec-butanol with atoms in his59, ala85, trp110, asp150, and leu294 account for the substrate preference of this enzyme for secondary over primary alcohols. a crevice from the surface to the active site provides access for substrates and products. this ... | 1999 | 10651277 |
| isolation of mesophilic solvent-producing clostridia from colombian sources: physiological characterization, solvent production and polysaccharide hydrolysis. | one hundred and seventy-eight new butanol-acetone producing bacteria related to saccharolytic clostridia were isolated from agricultural sources in colombia and their fermentation potential was evaluated. thirteen isolates produced more total solvents from glucose than clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. the isolates with the highest single solvent production were ibun 125c and ibun 18a with 0.46 mol butanol and 0.96 mol ethanol formed from 1 mol glucose, yielding 25. 2 and 29.1 g l(-1) total s ... | 2000 | 10812180 |
| butanol production using clostridium beijerinckii ba101 hyper-butanol producing mutant strain and recovery by pervaporation. | clostridium beijerinckii ba101 (mutant strain) and c. beijerinckii 8052 (wild type) were compared for substrate and butanol inhibition. the wild-type strain is more strongly inhibited by added butanol than is the mutant strain. acetone and butanol were removed from a fed-batch reactor inoculated with c. beijerinckii ba101 by pervaporation using a silicone membrane. in the batch reactor, c. beijerinckii ba101 produced 25.3 g/l of total solvents, whereas in the fermentation-recovery experiment it ... | 2000 | 10849791 |
| cloning of the microcystis aeruginosa m228 lectin (mal) gene. | we have cloned and characterized the gene encoding microcystis aeruginosa (strain m228) lectin (mal). the gene contains 1551 nucleotides and an open reading frame for a protein of 517 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 55,159 da. the carboxy-terminal region of mal has three tandemly repeated homologous domains composed of 61 amino acids. these regions show similarity to the corresponding regions of the alpha-amylase of clostridium beijerinckii (23% identity). the mal gene lies adja ... | 2000 | 10873634 |
| bacteriophage infections in the industrial acetone butanol (ab) fermentation process. | the reported incidence and effects of bacteriophage infections occurring in the industrial acetone butanol (ab) fermentation processes operated in the usa, japan, and puerto rico during the earlier part of the twentieth century is reviewed. the growth characteristics and solvent-producing ability of a lysogenic strain of clostridium madisonii isolated from a phage infection in puerto rico was determined in molasses fermentation medium. the host strain harbours a large lysogenic phage belonging t ... | 2000 | 10937483 |
| construction of a reporter gene vector for clostridium beijerinckii using a clostridium endoglucanase gene. | a beta-1,4-endoglucanase gene (egla) cloned from c. acetobutylicum p262 was selected for use in the development of a reporter system for c. beijerinckii ncimb 8052. the reporter plasmid, per1, was constructed by ligating the promoterless egla gene into the b subtilis/clostridium shuttle vector, pfnk1, which can replicate and is stably maintained in c. beijerinckii. the expression of the endoglucanase enzyme from its own promoter was not significantly induced in cells grown in glucose, sucrose or ... | 2000 | 10937488 |
| butanol tolerance of clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 associated with down-regulation of glda by antisense rna. | strain br54 of clostridium beijerinckii was derived from the wild type strain, ncimb 8052, by mutagenesis with tn1545 and selection for butanol tolerance. it harbours a single copy of tn 1545 in a 435 bp intergenic region separating two convergently transcribed genes, accc and glda. the former encodes biotin carboxylase (e.c.6.3.4.14), a subunit of acetyl-coa carboxylase and the latter encodes glycerol dehydrogenase (e.c.1.1.1.6). since tn1545 generates outwardly directed transcripts from its ri ... | 2000 | 10937492 |
| continuous two-stage abe-fermentation using clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592 operating with a growth rate in the first stage vessel close to its maximal value. | a two-stage continuous cultivation experiment with clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592 is described. the experiment was designed to mimic the two phases of batch culture growth of the organism in a two-stage continuous process. thus in the first stage turbidostat the organism was grown acidogenically as rapidly as possible, and transferred to the second stage at the 'acid break point'. the second stage was designed to mimic the solventogenesis of the batch culture when it enters late exponential/ ... | 2000 | 10937494 |
| a new insertion sequence, iscb1, from clostridium beijernickii ncimb 8052. | the ncimb 8052 strain of clostridium beijerinckii contains nine copies of a novel insertion sequence, iscb1, belonging to the is4 family. the 1764 bp element has 18 bp inverted repeats at its extremities, and generates 11 bp target repeats upon insertion. it contains a 1365 bp orf whose predicted product (455 amino acids) resembles bacterial transposases. the highly conserved dd(35)e motif is present, as are signatures characteristic of the n3 and c1 domains of bacterial transposases. codon usag ... | 2000 | 10937495 |
| comparative fermentation studies of industrial strains belonging to four species of solvent-producing clostridia. | industrial and culture collection strains of solvent-producing clostridia, classified as clostridium acetobutylicum, clostridium beijerinckii, clostridium saccharobutylicum, and clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum were utilised in a comparative study of fermentation performance in a laboratory fermentation medium, a molasses fermentation medium, and a maize fermentation medium under standardised culture conditions. at least one representative strain was selected from each of the sub-groups wi ... | 2000 | 10937496 |
| the effect of heat-shocking on batch fermentation by clostridium beijerinckii nrrl b592. | in spite of the large-scale industrial use of the acetone-butanol fermentation process earlier this century (until 1983 in south africa), very little has been published on the inoculum preparation techniques required for successful fermentation using these bacteria. in particular, heat-shocking has often been referred to as "useful" but no quantitative data are available. data presented in this paper demonstrate and quantify the effect of heat-shocking on batch fermentation yields using one orga ... | 2000 | 10952014 |
| spo0a directly controls the switch from acid to solvent production in solvent-forming clostridia. | the spo0a genes of clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 and clostridium cellulolyticum atcc 35319 were isolated and characterized. the c-terminal dna-binding domains of the predicted products of spo0a from these two organisms, as well as 16 other taxonomically diverse species of bacillus and clostridium, show extensive amino acid sequence conservation (56% identity, 65% similarity over 104 residues). a 12-amino-acid motif (srverairhaie) that forms the putative dna recognition helix is particularl ... | 2000 | 10972834 |
| multidimensional information on the chemical composition of single bacterial cells by confocal raman microspectroscopy. | in many biotechnological processes, living microorganisms are used as biocatalysts. biochemical engineering science is becoming more aware that individual cells of an organism in a process can be fairly inhomogeneous regarding their properties and physiological status. raman microspectroscopy is a novel approach to characterize such differentiated populations. cells of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium beijerinckii were dried on transparent support surfaces. the laser beam of a confocal raman ... | 2000 | 11101227 |
| conformational energetics of a reverse turn in the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin is directly coupled to the modulation of its oxidation-reduction potentials. | a surface loop in the flavodoxin from clostridium beijerinckii comprised of residues -met(56)-gly-asp-glu(59)- forms a four-residue reverse turn which undergoes a conversion from a mix of cis/trans peptide configurations that approximate a type ii configuration in the oxidized state to a type ii' turn upon reduction of the bound flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor. this change results in the formation of a new hydrogen bond between the n(5)h of the reduced cofactor and the carbonyl group of gly ... | 2000 | 11112518 |
| isolation and characterization of enterocin se-k4 produced by thermophilic enterococci, enterococcus faecalis k-4. | enterococcus sp. k-4, with a bacteriocin-like activity against e. faecium, was isolated from grass silage in thailand. morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic studies clearly identified strain k-4 as a strain of e. faecalis. strain k-4 produced a maximal amount of bacteriocin at 43-45 degrees c. we purified, for the first time, the bacteriocin produced at high temperature by e. faecalis to homogeneity, using adsorption on cells of the producer strain and reversed-phase liquid chromatograp ... | 2001 | 11302155 |
| clostridium beijerinckii and clostridium difficile detoxify methylglyoxal by a novel mechanism involving glycerol dehydrogenase. | in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, little is known about the mechanisms by which gram-positive bacteria degrade the toxic metabolic intermediate methylglyoxal (mg). clostridium beijerinckii br54, a tn1545 insertion mutant of the ncimb 8052 strain, formed cultures that contained significantly more (free) mg than wild-type cultures. moreover, br54 was more sensitive to growth inhibition by added mg than the wild type, suggesting that it has a reduced ability to degrade mg. the single copy of t ... | 2001 | 11319074 |
| physical and genetic map of the clostridium saccharobutylicum (formerly clostridium acetobutylicum) ncp 262 chromosome. | a physical and genetic map of the clostridium saccharobutylicum ncp 262 chromosome was constructed. the order of macrorestriction fragments was determined by analysing fragments generated after single and double digestion with the restriction enzymes bsshii, i-ceui, sse8387i, rsrii and sfii and separation by pfge. the i-ceui backbone of c. saccharobutylicum was constructed by indirect end-labelling with rrs- and 3' rrl-specific probes located on either side of the i-ceui site in the rrn operon, ... | 2001 | 11429467 |
| role of hydrogen bonding interactions to n(3)h of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor in the modulation of the redox potentials of the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin. | the role of the hydrogen bonding interaction with the n(3)h of the flavin cofactor in the modulation of the redox properties of flavoproteins has not been extensively investigated. in the flavodoxin from clostridium beijerinckii, the gamma-carboxylate group of glutamate-59 serves as a dual hydrogen bond acceptor with the n(3)h of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor and the amide hydrogen of the adjacent polypeptide backbone in all three oxidation states. this "bridging" interaction serves to an ... | 2001 | 11467928 |
| soy molasses as fermentation substrate for production of butanol using clostridium beijerinckii ba101. | spray-dried soy molasses (sdsm) contains the sugars dextrose, sucrose, fructose, pinitol, raffinose, verbascose, melibiose, and stachyose. of the 746 g kg(-1) total sugars in sdsm, 434 g kg(-1) is fermentable using clostridium beijerinckii ba101. sdsm was used to produce acetone, butanol, and ethanol (abe) by c. beijerinckii ba101 in batch cultures. using 80 g l(-1) sdsm, 10.7 g l(-1) abe was produced in p2 medium. higher concentrations of sdsm resulted in poor solvent production due to the pres ... | 2001 | 11494105 |
| glucose uptake in clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 and the solvent-hyperproducing mutant ba101. | glucose uptake and accumulation by clostridium beijerinckii ba101, a butanol hyperproducing mutant, were examined during various stages of growth. glucose uptake in c. beijerinckii ba101 was repressed 20% by 2-deoxyglucose and 25% by mannose, while glucose uptake in c. beijerinckii 8052 was repressed 52 and 28% by these sugars, respectively. we confirmed the presence of a phosphoenolpyruvate (pep)-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) associated with cell extracts of c. beijerinckii ba101 by ... | 2001 | 11679321 |
| clostridium beijerinckii cells expressing neocallimastix patriciarum glycoside hydrolases show enhanced lichenan utilization and solvent production. | growth and the production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol by clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 on several polysaccharides and sugars were analyzed. on crystalline cellulose, growth and solvent production were observed only when a mixture of fungal cellulases was added to the medium. on lichenan growth and solvent production occurred, but this polymer was only partially utilized. to increase utilization of these polymers and subsequent solvent production, the genes for two new glycoside hydrol ... | 2001 | 11679336 |
| alanine-scanning of the 50's loop in the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin: evaluation of additivity and the importance of interactions provided by the main chain in the modulation of the oxidation-reduction potentials. | the four-residue reverse turn -met56-gly-asp-glu59- in the clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin provides the majority of the critical interactions with the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor that contribute to the binding and the differential stabilization of its three redox states. direct side chain contacts include the sulfur-ring interaction of met56, which primarily influences the oxidized and hydroquinone states, and the hydrogen bond by glu59 with the n3h, which ... | 2001 | 11695902 |
| emended descriptions of clostridium acetobutylicum and clostridium beijerinckii, and descriptions of clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sp. nov. and clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov. | on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequencing and dna-dna reassociation, industrial solvent-producing clostridia have been assigned to four species. in this study, the phenotypic characteristics of clostridium acetobutylicum, clostridium beijerinckii, 'clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum', and an unnamed clostridium sp. represented by the strains ncp 262t and nrrl b643 are compared. in addition, a further 40 strains of solvent-producing clostridia have been classified by biotyping, dna fingerprint ... | 2001 | 11760952 |
| nitrogen-fixation genes and nitrogenase activity in clostridium acetobutylicum and clostridium beijerinckii. | several solvent-producing clostridia, including clostridium acetobutylicum and c. beijerinckii, were previously shown to be nitrogen-fixing organisms based on the incorporation of 15n2 into cellular material. the key nitrogen-fixation (nif) genes, including nifh, nifd, and nifk for nitrogenase component proteins as well as nife, nifn, nifb and nifv for synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (femoco) of nitrogenase, have now been identified in c. acetobutylicum or c. beijerinckii or both. the ... | 2001 | 11781802 |
| recent advances in abe fermentation: hyper-butanol producing clostridium beijerinckii ba101. | this is an overview of the mutant strain clostridium beijerinckii ba101 which produces solvents (acetone-butanol-ethanol, abe) at elevated levels. this organism expresses high levels of amylases when grown on starch. c. beijerinckii ba101 hydrolyzes starch effectively and produces solvent in the concentration range of 27-29 g x l(-1). c. beijerinckii ba101 has been characterized for both substrate and butanol inhibition. supplementing the fermentation medium (mp2) with sodium acetate enhances so ... | 2001 | 11781803 |
| abe production from corn: a recent economic evaluation. | this article details an economic assessment of butanol production from corn using the newly developed hyper-butanol-producing strain of clostridium beijerinckii ba101. butanol is produced in batch reactors and recovered by distillation. for a plant with 153,000 metric tons of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (abe) production capacity, the production equipment cost and total working capital cost is us$33.47x10(6) and us$110.46x10(6), respectively. based on a corn price (c(p)) of us$79.23 x ton(-1) ( ... | 2001 | 11781804 |
| degeneration of solventogenic clostridium strains monitored by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of bacterial cells. | strain degeneration in solventogenic clostridia is a known problem in the technical acetone-butanol fermentation bioprocess, especially in the continuous process mode. clostridial strain degeneration was studied by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy of the bacterial cells. degenerative variant formation in two strains, clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052 and clostridium species aa332, was detected spectroscopically. colonies on solid media were sampled, or assayed directly in situ b ... | 2001 | 11781807 |
| production of acetone butanol ethanol from degermed corn using clostridium beijerinckii ba101. | in this article we report on acetone butanol ethanol (abe) fermentation characteristics of degermed corn when using clostridium beijerinckii ba101. recent economic studies suggested that recovery of germ from corn and hence corn oil would help to make the abe fermentation process more economical. c. beijerinckii ba101 ferments corn mash efficiently to produce abe under appropriate nutritional and environmental conditions. corn mash contains germ/corn oil that is, possibly, ancillary to the produ ... | 2002 | 12018281 |
| butanol production by clostridium beijerinckii ba101 in an immobilized cell biofilm reactor: increase in sugar utilization. | acetone butanol ethanol was produced in a continuous immobilized cell (biofilm) plug-flow reactor inoculated with clostridium beijerinckii ba101. to achieve high reactor productivity, c. beijerinckii ba101 cells were immobilized by adsorption onto clay brick. the continuous plug-flow reactor offers high productivities owing to reduced butanol inhibition and increased cell concentration. although high productivity was achieved, it was at the expense of low sugar utilization (30.3%). to increase s ... | 2002 | 12018285 |
| molecular characterization and utilization of the cak1 filamentous viruslike particle derived from clostridium beijerinckii. | an examination of the replication origin and stability determinant associated with the cak1 filamentous viruslike particle recovered from clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 6444 was carried out. seven deletion derivatives, pcke, pcep1, pdt5, pckp, pdth102, pyl102e and pyl102, were constructed and transformed into c. beijerinckii ncimb 8052. the successful transformation of pcke, pdt5, pckp, pdth102, pyl102e and pyl102 into c. beijerinckii 8052, together with the corresponding recovery of single-stra ... | 2002 | 12074052 |
| production of butanol from starch-based waste packing peanuts and agricultural waste. | we examined the fermentation of starch-based packing peanuts and agricultural wastes as a source of fermentable carbohydrates using clostridium beijerinckii ba101. using semidefined p2 medium containing packing peanuts and agricultural wastes, instead of glucose as a carbohydrate source, we measured characteristics of the fermentation including solvent production, productivity, and yield. with starch as substrate (control), the culture produced 24.7 g l(-1) acetone-butanol-ethanol (abe), while w ... | 2002 | 12242632 |
| structural basis for the enhanced thermal stability of alcohol dehydrogenase mutants from the mesophilic bacterium clostridium beijerinckii: contribution of salt bridging. | previous research in our laboratory comparing the three-dimensional structural elements of two highly homologous alcohol dehydrogenases, one from the mesophile clostridium beijerinckii (cbadh) and the other from the extreme thermophile thermoanaerobacter brockii (tbadh), suggested that in the thermophilic enzyme, an extra intrasubunit ion pair (glu224-lys254) and a short ion-pair network (lys257-asp237-arg304-glu165) at the intersubunit interface might contribute to the extreme thermal stability ... | 2002 | 12381840 |
| assignment of the six solvent-producing clostridium spp. to clostridium beijerinckii based on dna-dna reassociation. | | 1999 | 12501369 |
| the conserved glu-60 residue in thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase is not essential for catalysis. | glu-60 of the zinc-dependent thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (tbadh) is a strictly conserved residue in all members of the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) family. unlike most other adhs, the crystal structures of tbadh and its analogs, adh from clostridium beijerinckii (cbadh), exhibit a unique zinc coordination environment in which this conserved residue is directly coordinated to the catalytic zinc ion in the native form of the enzymes. to explore the role of glu-60 in tbadh catal ... | 2003 | 12592017 |
| identification and characterization of two novel clostridial bacteriocins, circularin a and closticin 574. | two novel antibacterial peptides of clostridial species were purified, n-terminally sequenced, and characterized. moreover, their structural genes were identified. closticin 574 is an 82-amino-acid bacteriocin produced by clostridium tyrobutyricum adriat 932. the supernatant of the producing strain showed a high level of activity against the indicator strain c. tyrobutyricum. the protein is synthesized as a preproprotein that is possibly secreted via the general secretion pathway, after which it ... | 2003 | 12620847 |
| continuous production of butanol from starch-based packing peanuts. | acetone, butanol, ethanol (abe, or solvents) were produced from starch-based packing peanuts in batch and continuous reactors. in a batch reactor, 18.9 g/l of total abe was produced from 80 g/l packing peanuts in 110 h of fermentation. the initial and final starch concentrations were 69.6 and 11.1 g/l, respectively. in this fermentation, abe yield and productivity of 0.32 and 0.17 g/(l h) were obtained, respectively. compared to the batch fermentation, continuous fermentation of 40 g/l of starch ... | 2003 | 12721460 |
| acetone butanol ethanol (abe) production from concentrated substrate: reduction in substrate inhibition by fed-batch technique and product inhibition by gas stripping. | acetone butanol ethanol (abe) was produced in an integrated fed-batch fermentation-gas stripping product-recovery system using clostridium beijerinckii ba101, with h(2) and co(2) as the carrier gases. this technique was applied in order to eliminate the substrate and product inhibition that normally restricts abe production and sugar utilization to less than 20 g l(-1) and 60 g l(-1), respectively. in the integrated fed-batch fermentation and product recovery system, solvent productivities were ... | 2004 | 12910325 |
| [utilization of acetic acid and n-butyric acid by clostridium beijerinckii donker in sulfite waste liquor]. | | 1955 | 13311454 |
| metabolism of pentoses by clostridia. ii. the fermentation of c14-labeled pentoses by clostridium per fringens, clostridium beijerinckii, and clostridium butylicum. | | 1958 | 13513607 |
| clostridium rubrum sp. n. and other pectinolytic clostridia from soil. | ng, henry (university of california, davis) and reese h. vaughn. clostridium rubrum sp. n. and other pectinolytic clostridia from soil. j. bacteriol. 85:1104-1113. 1963.-reports in the literature and results of experiments described herein suggest that pectinolytic anaerobes constitute a very heterogeneous group. the cultures isolated in this study all belonged to the genus clostridium. the following species were identified: c. butyricum, c. fallax, c. multifermentans, and c. indolis. in additio ... | 1963 | 14044001 |
| functional analysis of the gene cluster involved in production of the bacteriocin circularin a by clostridium beijerinckii atcc 25752. | a region of 12 kb flanking the structural gene of the cyclic antibacterial peptide circularin a of clostridium beijerinckii atcc 25752 was sequenced, and the putative proteins involved in the production and secretion of circularin a were identified. the genes are tightly organized in overlapping open reading frames. heterologous expression of circularin a in enterococcus faecalis was achieved, and five genes were identified as minimally required for bacteriocin production and secretion. two of t ... | 2003 | 14532033 |
| crystalline alcohol dehydrogenases from the mesophilic bacterium clostridium beijerinckii and the thermophilic bacterium thermoanaerobium brockii: preparation, characterization and molecular symmetry. | two tetrameric nadp(+)-dependent bacterial secondary alcohol dehydrogenases have been crystallized in the apo- and the holo-enzyme forms. crystals of the holo-enzyme from the mesophilic clostridium beijerinckii (ncbad) belong to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell dimensions a = 90.5, b = 127.9, c = 151.4 a. crystals of the apo-enzyme (cbad) belong to the same space group with unit-cell dimensions a = 80.4, b = 102.3, c = 193.5 a. crystals of the holo-enzyme from the thermophilic thermoanae ... | 1996 | 15299659 |
| butanol fermentation research: upstream and downstream manipulations. | an overview of advances in acetone-butanol fermentation research is presented with specific reference to the history of acetone-butanol fermentation, genetic manipulation of the butanol-producing clostridium beijerinckii ncimb 8052, as well as upstream and downstream processing. specific reference is made to the development of the hyperamylolytic, hyper-"butanolagenic" c. beijerinckii ba101 strain. amylolytic enzyme production by c. beijerinckii ba101 was 1.8- and 2.5-fold greater than that of t ... | 2004 | 15543610 |
| the circular bacteriocins gassericin a and circularin a. | gassericin a, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus gasseri la39, shows antibacterial activity against a number of gram-positive food-borne pathogenic bacteria. circularin a produced by clostridium beijerinckii atcc25752 is active against c. tyrobutyricum, a known cheese-spoilage bacterium. both bacteriocins were purified to homogeneity from culture supernatants by reverse-phase chromatography and the subsequently determined amino acid sequences were used to clone the bacteriocin structural ge ... | 2004 | 15544534 |
| continuous butanol fermentation and feed starch retrogradation: butanol fermentation sustainability using clostridium beijerinckii ba101. | use of starch solution as feed for butanol bioconversion processes employing clostridium beijerinckii ba101 may have added economic advantage over the use of glucose. acetone butanol ethanol (abe) was produced from 30 gl(-1) starch solution using a continuous process. the bioreactor was fed at a dilution rate of 0.02 h(-1) and starch solution/feed volume (3 l) was replaced every 72 h. the continuous reactor fed with cornstarch solution (feed temperature 19 degrees c) produced approximately 6.0 g ... | 2005 | 15607236 |