| action of egg white lysozyme on clostridium tyrobutyricum. | a 500-u ml-1 portion of egg white lysozyme was able to kill 99% of 5 x 10(5) resting vegetative cells of clostridium tyrobutyricum within 24 h of incubation at 25 degrees c. spores were completely resistant to lysozyme. proliferating vegetative cells were severely inhibited, although lysozyme-resistant cells developed in growing cultures in the presence of lysozyme. whereas early stages of spore germination (loss of optical refractility and heat resistance) were not inhibited by lysozyme, the ov ... | 1979 | 518083 |
| [taxonomic characters of "clostridium tyrobutyricum" (author's transl)]. | the taxonomic characters of 77 strains of clostridium tyrobutyricum have been studied and compared to those of known strains. this work shows the insufficiency of the bergey's manual (8th edition) nine characters distinguishing clostridium groupe i to identify c. tyrobutyricum. to be more representative of the species, addition of one or two characters to this key of determination and some modifications to the complementary description of c. tyrobutyricum in this manual are proposed. | 1977 | 921137 |
| [the spore germination of "clostridium tyrobutyricum" iii.--an hypothesis on the mechanism of initiation (author's transl)]. | spores of c. tyrobutyricum do not contain 3-phosphoglyceric acid (pga) but a polysaccharide which could replace pga as an energy source during germination. the absence of pga, which is an inhibitor of phosphotransacetylase, confirms the role of the acetyl-coa synthesizing system in the germination initiated by acetate. spore extracts of c. tyrobutyricum, as extracts of vegetative cells, were found to contain a ferredoxin and exhibited a nadh-ferredoxin oxydase activity which required the presenc ... | 1975 | 1200551 |
| detection of propionic acid bacteria in cheese. | mesophilic lactic starters and thermophilic lactobacilli but not streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus grew on the sodium lactate agar (sla) used for estimating the numbers of propionic acid bacteria (pab) in cheese. the addition of cloxacillin (4 micrograms/ml) to sla inhibited the starter bacteria but had no effect on the pab. it was possible to count low numbers of pab in the presence of high numbers of starter bacteria. a correlation coefficient of 0.9 was obtained between the level o ... | 1992 | 1560128 |
| inhibition of clostridium tyrobutyricum by bacteriocin-like substances produced by lactic acid bacteria. | lactic acid bacteria were selected for their inhibitory activity against clostridium tyrobutyricum under conditions that eliminate the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. four strains were isolated belonging to the species lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. the sensitivity of the inhibitory substances to pronase and trypsine indicates that they are proteins or peptides different from nisin. their resistance to phospholipase d indicates that they are also different from lactostrepcin. the ... | 1991 | 1907300 |
| demonstration of a surface antigen of clostridium tyrobutyricum by use of immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody, prepared against whole cells of clostridium tyrobutyricum, recognized a surface antigen extracted by heat treatment or by hot phenol-water treatment. this antigen, after analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, has been shown to present a regularly-spaced ladder pattern similar to those shown by the lipopolysaccharide of many gram-negative bacteria. the proteinase k has been shown to have no effect on the recognition of this epitope by the monoclo ... | 1990 | 2325579 |
| enumeration and confirmation of clostridium tyrobutyricum in silages using neutral red, d-cycloserine, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. | spores of clostridia in big bale silages, manure, and dairy products were enumerated and distinguished from other spore formers by using reinforced clostridium agar containing .005% neutral red. spores of clostridium tyrobutyricum predominated, but spores of clostridium butyricum, clostridium sporogenes, clostridium bifermentans, clostridium putrificum, and clostridium sphenoides occurred to a lesser extent. in samples with high bacterial spore counts, growth of bacillus spp., but not c. tyrobut ... | 1990 | 2341647 |
| [demonstration of 2 main serological groups in clostridium tyrobutyricum]. | antisera prepared against heated cells of 10 strains of clostridium tyrobutyricum gave cross-reactions with several other clostridial species. such reactions could be completely eliminated by absorption with c. beijerinckii, c. fallax and c. tetanomorphum. both agglutination and immunofluorescence tests with these antisera showed that 85 strains of c. tyrobutyricum were divided into two main serological groups, a and b. the 56 strains of group a possessed the same thermostable species-specific a ... | 1985 | 2417541 |
| design and applications of sensitive enzyme immunoassays specific for clostridial enoate reductases. | rabbit antisera raised against purified enoate reductase from clostridium tyrobutyricum (dsm 1460) and horse-radish peroxidase-conjugated staphylococcal protein a or anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g, respectively, were used to develop enzyme immunoassays. sensitivity limits of the assay are about 250 pg antigen if the enzyme immunoassays are performed on membrane filters and examined visually, and 20 pg for tests in aqueous solution with spectrophotometrical evaluation. the procedures were applied f ... | 1989 | 2669778 |
| antimicrobial activity of lysozyme against bacteria involved in food spoilage and food-borne disease. | egg white lysozyme was demonstrated to have antibacterial activity against organisms of concern in food safety, including listeria monocytogenes and certain strains of clostridium botulinum. we also found that the food spoilage thermophile clostridium thermosaccharolyticum was highly susceptible to lysozyme and confirmed that the spoilage organisms bacillus stearothermophilus and clostridium tyrobutyricum were also extremely sensitive. several gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated f ... | 1987 | 3118808 |
| reductions of 2-enals, dehydrogenation of saturated aldehydes and their racemisation. | enoate reductase or clostridia containing this enzyme (clostridium tyrobutyricum or c. kluyveri) catalyse the reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (enals). the enantiomeric purity of the saturated aldehydes obtained from alpha-substituted enals is usually rather low and depends heavily on the reaction conditions. the reduction of the corresponding allyl alcohols to the saturated alcohols leads to much higher enantiomeric purities, though the reduction of the enal corresponding to the al ... | 1988 | 3202953 |
| major protein components in the cell envelope of clostridium tyrobutyricum. | the overall composition of the clostridium tyrobutyricum cell envelope did not vary significantly during cell growth and was characterized by a high protein content (about 40% dry weight). teichoic and teichuronic acids were absent and the neutral sugar content low. insoluble peptidoglycan represented only 10-12% of the cell envelope (dry weight basis); it contained glucosamine, muramic acid, alanine, diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid (molecular ratio 1/1/2/1/1). sds-page revealed the presen ... | 1986 | 3318869 |
| chiral products from non-pyridine nucleotide-dependent reductases and methods for nad(p)h regeneration. | enoate reductase (ec 1.3.1.31) from a clostridium tyrobutyricum strain catalyses the stereospecific reduction of many different alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylates, aldehydes and even some ketones. the enzyme accepts electrons from nadh and, 1.5 times faster, from reduced methyl viologen (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium). another new type of non-pyridine nucleotide-dependent reductase has an extremely broad substrate specificity for 2-oxo-carboxylates and 2-oxo-dicarboxylates. in crude extracts ... | 1985 | 3893942 |
| structure of enoate reductase from a clostridium tyrobutyricum (c. spec. la1). | enoate reductase from clostridium tyrobutyricum was purified by a rapid novel procedure. chromatography on deae-sepharose and on hydroxyapatite resulted in a high yield of about 90% pure enzyme in less than 10 h. a purity greater than 98% could be obtained by additional chromatography on sephacryl s-300. the enzyme sediments in the analytical ultracentrifuge as a single, symmetrical boundary with a velocity of s(0)20,w = 24.9 s. equilibrium ultracentrifugation yielded a molecular mass of 940 000 ... | 1985 | 4005048 |
| [regulation of nad+ and nadp+ ferredoxin reductase activity in a clostridium of the butyric group: clostridium tyrobutyricum]. | | 1973 | 4152411 |
| [influence of the carbonated source on nad+ and nadp+-ferredoxine oxidoreductase activities of clostridium tyrobutyricum]. | | 1974 | 4153221 |
| [regulation of nad+ and nadp+ ferredoxin-reductase activities in clostridium tyrobutyricum, cultivated on pyruvate]. | | 1974 | 4154811 |
| [spore germination of clostridium tyrobutyricum. ii. demonstration of the intervention of acetokinase and phosphotransacetylase by study of their properties]. | | 1974 | 4849758 |
| [spore germination of clostridium tyrobutyricum. i. action of different compounds on the initial phase]. | | 1969 | 5406055 |
| antagonistic activity of debaryomyces hansenii towards clostridium tyrobutyricum and cl. butyricum. | a study of the inhibitory action of debaryomyces hansenii (31 strains) on clostridium tyrobutyricum (5 strains) and cl. butyricum (2 strains) on laboratory media showed that deb. hansenii inhibited the growth of these organisms, and that this effect was due not only to competition for nutrients but also to the production of both extra- and intracellular antimicrobial metabolites. the inhibitory effect varied with strain and occurred whether the yeasts were grown aerobically or under reduced o2 t ... | 1983 | 6417206 |
| a high-molecular-mass cell wall protein released from clostridium tyrobutyricum by heat treatment. | analysis of the cell wall of 4 strains of clostridium tyrobutyricum reveals an unusually high protein content (35-40% dry weight). brief heat treatment of whole cells of these stains causes release of two proteins, flagellin and a cell wall component of high molecular mass (110-125 kda in the different strains). this component represents approx. 5% of the dry cell weight. | 1984 | 6468663 |
| isolation and identification of anaerobic contaminants from a machine for producing processed cheese. | some bacteria of the genus clostridium can contaminate milk. these bacteria can cause "the late gas" or "late blowing" defect in the cheese if this is made with milk containing such contaminants. in this study, six samples from a processed cheese contaminated in a manufacturing machine were analysed. out of 60 strains studied, 30 were classified as clostridium tyrobutyricum, 20 as clostridium butyricum, and 10 as desulfotomaculum ruminis. | 1982 | 6965246 |
| menadione reductase from clostridium tyrobutyricum. | menadione reductase (ec 1.6.99.2) has been purified 67-fold from clostridium tyrobutyricum extracts. the molecular weight was found to be 60 000 and the prosthetic group was identified as fmn on the basis of the enzymatic analysis data. the binding of fmn to the menadione dehydrogenase apoenzyme was relatively weak with an apparent km value of 2.5 x 10(-6) m. the enzyme exhibited group substrate specificity for compounds with a quinoid structure; naphthoquinones and benzoquinones without long ca ... | 1980 | 7407710 |
| identification of clostridium tyrobutyricum as the causative agent of late blowing in cheese by species-specific pcr amplification. | butyric acid fermentation, the late-blowing defect in cheese, caused by the outgrowth of clostridial spores present in raw milk, can create considerable loss of product, especially in the production of semihard cheeses like gouda cheese, but also in grana and gruyère cheeses. to demonstrate the causative relationship between clostridium tyrobutyricum and late blowing in cheese, many cheesemaking experiments were performed to provoke this defect by using spores from several strains of the major d ... | 1995 | 7487024 |
| iron removal from milk and other nutrient media with a chelating resin. | a water-insoluble iron(iii)-chelating resin was used to study iron removal from milk and other nutrient media. seventy to 85% of the iron could be removed from wine and beer with the resin, which was a crosslinked copolymer of 1-(beta-acrylamidoethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4(1h)- pyridinone and n,n-dimethylacrylamide. iron removal from milk was dependent on the ph of milk and on the concentration of soluble chelators added. under the same conditions as used for the removal of iron from wine and bee ... | 1995 | 7738259 |
| purification and characterization of the nadh-dependent (s)-specific 3-oxobutyryl-coa reductase from clostridium tyrobutyricum. | an nadh-dependent (s)-specific 3-oxobutyryl-coa reductase from clostridium tyrobutyricum was purified 15-fold with a yield of 46%. it was homogeneous by gel electrophoresis after three chromatographic steps. the apparent molecular mass was estimated by column chromatography to be 240 kda. sds-gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of 33 kda subunits. substrates of the enzyme were ethyl and methyl 3-oxobutyrate, 3-oxobutyryl-n-acetylcysteamine thioester, and 3-oxobutyryl coenzyme a. the specif ... | 1995 | 7763138 |
| purification and characterization of an (s)-3-hydroxycarboxylate oxidoreductase from clostridium tyrobutyricum. | an nadp(+)-dependent reversible 3-hydroxycarboxylate oxidoreductase present in clostridium tyrobutyricum has been purified. as judged by gel electrophoresis the enzyme was pure after a 940-fold enrichment by four chromatographic steps. its molecular mass was estimated to be 40-43 kda. the enzyme was most active at ph 4.5 in the reduction of 3-oxobutyrate. other substrates were 3-oxovalerate, 3-oxocaproate, 3-oxoisocaproate and 4-chloro-3-oxobutyrate. except for the latter all substrates were con ... | 1994 | 7765819 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against the outer cell wall of clostridium tyrobutyricum. | several hybridoma cell lines producing murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to the clostridium tyrobutyricum outer cell wall have been established and characterized. whole bacteria, crude extract of cell wall, and polysaccharide fraction of crude extract have been used as immunogens. the immunizations were performed either in vivo or in vitro after priming in vivo. amongst the clones obtained, six hybridoma cell lines were selected. four mabs recognized only the immunizing strain (atcc 2 ... | 1994 | 8200658 |
| antimicrobial compounds from lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus helveticus. | three strains of lactobacillus casei and one of lactobacillus helveticus were examined for antagonistic activity toward twenty five indicator strains of different species. under conditions eliminating the effects of organic acid and hydrogen peroxide, culture supernatants of all the lactobacillus strains exhibited a wide spectrum of inhibitory activity toward microorganisms of different genera. the inhibitory compound secreted by one strain of l. casei was active against clostridium tyrobutyricu ... | 1993 | 8510571 |
| a direct pcr detection method for clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in up to 100 milliliters of raw milk. | a direct detection method for clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in up to 100 ml of raw milk is presented. the bacterial spores are concentrated by centrifugation after chemical extraction of the milk components. the vegetative cells are selectively lysed, and their dna is digested and washed away. afterwards, the dna is liberated from the spores by microwave treatment. for the identification of the c. tyrobutyricum dna, a two-step pcr method with two nested pairs of primers is used. the primers w ... | 1995 | 8534081 |
| [efficiency of microbank systems for the conservation of microorganisms relevant to veterinary medicine and others which are not easy to cultivate]. | in this paper the conservation of different bacteria, yeasts and molds from diagnostic material was examined with a commercial deep freeze system. 137 bacteria isolated from the stomachs of dogs, cats and pigs and from duodenal juice of cats and 7 isolates of yeasts and fungi from diagnostic material were conserved with the deep freeze system microbank-tm (mast diagnostica). furthermore 62 helicobacter pylori-isolates and 1 helicobacter felis-isolate were conserved with this system. after a stor ... | 1995 | 8593139 |
| epr and mössbauer spectroscopic studies on enoate reductase. | enoate reductase (ec 1.3.1.31) is a protein isolated from clostridium tyrobutyricum that contains iron, labile sulfide, fad, and fmn. the enzyme reduces the alpha,beta carbon-carbon double bond of nonactivated 2-enoates and in a reversible way that of 2-enals at the expense of nadh or reduced methyl viologen. uv-visible and epr potentiometric titrations detect a semiquinone species in redox intermediate states characterized by an isotropic epr signal at g = 2.0 without contribution at 580 nm. ep ... | 1996 | 8702530 |
| biochemical and immunological analyses of the flagellin of clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755. | the monoclonal antibody 21e7-b12 (igg3) can be used in a direct method of clostridium tyrobutyricum detection based on an immunoenzymatic assay. immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the 21e7-b12 antibody recognized the surface-exposed epitopes on the flagellar filaments of c. tyrobutyricum. after flagellar extraction, the purified flagellin showed an apparent molecular mass of 46 kda with an isoelectric point of 3.6. sugar staining, mild periodate oxidation and beta-elimination experiment ... | 1998 | 9525776 |
| partial analysis of the flagellar antigenic determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody to clostridium tyrobutyricum. | in order to count clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in milk after membrane filtration, murine 21e7-b12 monoclonal antibody was produced. elution of the monoclonal antibody from this antigen, the flagellar filament protein, by carbohydrate ligands was used to study the epitope structure. a competitive elution of an anti-dextran monoclonal antibody by carbohydrate ligands served as a control in order to validate the immunological tool applied to flagellin epitope study. the carbohydrate moiety of f ... | 1998 | 9572040 |
| evidence for an heterogeneous glycosylation of the clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755 flagellin. | glycosylation analysis of the flagellin from the gram-positive species clostridium tyrobutyricum has been supplemented. amino acid analysis of the glycopeptides obtained after pronase digestion of flagellin indicated that o-glycosylation which was previously demonstrated after nonreductive beta-elimination, probably occurred via the hydroxyl group of serine. otherwise, beta-elimination partly deglycosylated flagellin. after this treatment carbohydrates were still linked to protein as shown by a ... | 1998 | 9853380 |
| cloning and sequencing of the central region of the flagellin gene from the gram-positive bacterium clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755. | the purpose of this study was to sequence the central part of the coding region of the clostridium tyrobutyricum fiagellin gene to improve the immunoenzymatic counting of cells after milk filtration. the coding region was amplified by pcr, and the amplified products were cloned. a dna sequence analysis of positive clones gave us 1,131 nucleotides with a partial calculated flagellin molecular mass of 40,143 da. the flagellar filament protein sequence exhibited high levels of homology to sequences ... | 1999 | 10100740 |
| brining time effect on physicochemical and microbiological parameters in idiazábal cheese. | physicochemical and microbiological parameters were compared for three brining times (12, 24 and 36 h) for fresh, young, semihard and hard idiazabal cheese. longer brining time produced higher salt, dry matter and salt-moisture ratio and lower water activity values for all types of cheese according to ripening time, while non-significant changes were observed for ph. in fresh cheese (1-15 days ripening), non-significant differences for microbiological counts in relation to brining time were obse ... | 1999 | 10490224 |
| biochemical properties of streptococcus macedonicus strains isolated from greek kasseri cheese. | a total of 32 streptococcus macedonicus strains, isolated from greek kasseri cheese, were screened for biochemical properties of technological importance in milk fermentation processing, such as acid production, proteolytic and lipolytic activity, citrate metabolism, exopolysaccharide production, antimicrobial activity and biogenic amines production. all strains were found to be moderate acidifiers in milk. only four strains could hydrolyse milk casein, while 11 strains showed lipolytic activity ... | 2000 | 10792542 |
| enoate reductases of clostridia. cloning, sequencing, and expression. | the enr genes specifying enoate reductases of clostridium tyrobutyricum and clostridium thermoaceticum were cloned and sequenced. sequence comparison shows that enoate reductases are similar to a family of flavoproteins comprising 2,4-dienoyl-coenzyme a reductase from escherichia coli and old yellow enzyme from yeast. the c. thermoaceticum enr gene product was expressed in recombinant escherichia coli cells growing under anaerobic conditions. the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized ... | 2001 | 11060310 |
| the impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: a review. | this paper reviews the microbiological aspects of forage preserved by ensilage. the main principles of preservation by ensilage are a rapid achievement of a low ph by lactic acid fermentation and the maintenance of anaerobic conditions. the silage microflora consists of beneficial micro-organisms, i.e. the lactic acid bacteria responsible for the silage fermentation process, and a number of harmful micro-organisms that are involved in anaerobic or aerobic spoilage processes. micro-organisms that ... | 2000 | 11087133 |
| effective use of nisin to control bacillus and clostridium spoilage of a pasteurized mashed potato product. | heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria such as bacillus and clostridium can survive and grow in cooked potato products. this situation represents both a public health problem and an economic problem. the natural food preservative nisin is used in heat-treated foods to prevent the growth of such bacteria. a cocktail of clostridium sporogenes and clostridium tyrobutyricum spores was inoculated into cooked mashed potatoes, which were vacuum packed, pasteurized, and incubated at 8 and 25 degrees c. t ... | 2002 | 12380742 |
| macedocin, a food-grade lantibiotic produced by streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198. | streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198, a strain isolated from greek kasseri cheese, produces a food-grade lantibiotic named macedocin. macedocin has a molecular mass of 2,794.76 +/- 0.42 da, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. partial n-terminal sequence analysis revealed 22 amino acid residues that correspond with the amino acid sequence of the lantibiotics sa-ff22 and sa-m49, both of which were isolated from the pathogen streptococcus pyogenes. macedocin inhibits a broad spectrum o ... | 2002 | 12450808 |
| extractive fermentation for butyric acid production from glucose by clostridium tyrobutyricum. | a novel extractive fermentation for butyric acid production from glucose, using immobilized cells of clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous bed bioreactor, was developed by using 10% (v/v) alamine 336 in oleyl alcohol as the extractant contained in a hollow-fiber membrane extractor for selective removal of butyric acid from the fermentation broth. the extractant was simultaneously regenerated by stripping with naoh in a second membrane extractor. the fermentation ph was self-regulated by a balan ... | 2003 | 12569628 |
| identification and characterization of two novel clostridial bacteriocins, circularin a and closticin 574. | two novel antibacterial peptides of clostridial species were purified, n-terminally sequenced, and characterized. moreover, their structural genes were identified. closticin 574 is an 82-amino-acid bacteriocin produced by clostridium tyrobutyricum adriat 932. the supernatant of the producing strain showed a high level of activity against the indicator strain c. tyrobutyricum. the protein is synthesized as a preproprotein that is possibly secreted via the general secretion pathway, after which it ... | 2003 | 12620847 |
| adaptation of clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced tolerance to butyric acid in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. | by immobilization in a fibrous-bed bioreactor (fbb), we succeeded in adapting and selecting an acid-tolerant strain of clostridium tyrobutyricum that can produce high concentrations of butyrate from glucose and xylose. this mutant grew well under high butyrate concentrations (>30 g/l) and had better fermentative ability as compared to the wild-type strain used to seed the bioreactor. kinetic analysis of butyrate inhibition on cell growth, acid-forming enzymes, and atpase activity showed that the ... | 2003 | 12675573 |
| inhibition of clostridium tyrobutyricum in vidiago cheese by lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ipla 729, a nisin z producer. | lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ipla 729 is a nisin z producer isolated from raw milk cheese able to grow and produce nisin z in milk. the ability of this strain to inhibit the growth of clostridium tyrobutyricum cect 4011, a late blowing agent, in vidiago cheese, a semi-hard farmhouse variety, manufactured in asturias, northern spain, was investigated. for control purposes, cheeses were manufactured with the mesophilic mixed starter ipla-001. in experimental cheeses, the nisin-producing strain l ... | 2003 | 12810268 |
| streptococcus thermophilus 580 produces a bacteriocin potentially suitable for inhibition of clostridium tyrobutyricum in hard cheese. | a strain of streptococcus thermophilus that inhibits clostridium tyrobutyricum has been isolated from raw milk. the active compound produced disappears after a treatment with protease. however, unlike most bacteriocins, it is not thermoresistant, and the activity is completely lost after 1 h at 60 degrees c. its inhibitory spectrum is limited to other thermophilic streptococci, brochothrix, and sporulated gram-positive rods. so this bacteriocin could be different from those already described. th ... | 2003 | 14594223 |
| effect of ph on metabolic pathway shift in fermentation of xylose by clostridium tyrobutyricum. | the effect of ph (between 5.0 and 6.3) on butyric acid fermentation of xylose by clostridium tyrobutyricum was studied. at ph 6.3, the fermentation gave a high butyrate production of 57.9 g l(-1) with a yield of 0.38-0.59 g g(-1) xylose and a reactor productivity up to 3.19 g l(-1)h(-1). however, at low phs (<5.7), the fermentation produced more acetate and lactate as the main products, with only a small amount of butyric acid. the metabolic shift from butyrate formation to lactate and acetate f ... | 2004 | 15121334 |
| construction and characterization of pta gene-deleted mutant of clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid fermentation. | clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755 is an acidogenic bacterium, producing butyrate and acetate as its main fermentation products. in order to decrease acetate and increase butyrate production, integrational mutagenesis was used to disrupt the gene associated with the acetate formation pathway in c. tyrobutyricum. a nonreplicative integrational plasmid containing the phosphotransacetylase gene (pta) fragment cloned from c. tyrobutyricum by using degenerate primers and an erythromycin resistance ... | 2005 | 15759261 |
| characterization of a 3944 da bacteriocin, produced by enterococcus mundtii st15, with activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | strain st15, isolated from soy beans, and identified as enterococcus mundtii, produces a 3944 da bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of lactobacillus sakei, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus cereus, propionibacterium sp., clostridium tyrobutyricum, acinetobacter baumanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus caprinus. bacteriocin st15 is inactivated by proteinase k, pronase, pepsin, protease and triton x-114, but not when ... | 2005 | 16102864 |
| homologous recombination with linear dna to insert antigenic protein in the flagellin: improvement of the th1 immune response. | bacterial flagellin is a surface protein with numerous advantages for the presentation of exogenous peptides. however, the production of recombinant bacteria and the expression of fusion proteins is laborious and time consuming. here, we present a simple way to produce modified bacteria. partially deleted, non-functional, chromosomal flagellin gene (flic ) was changed using homologous recombination by a functional linear flic gene in which we introduced an exogenous oligonucleotide encoding for ... | 2006 | 16428871 |
| characterization of clostridium spp. isolated from spoiled processed cheese products. | of 42 spoiled cheese spread products, 35 were found to harbor clostridium spp. typical signs of spoilage were gas production and off-odor. the identity was determined for about half of the isolates (n = 124) by analytab products (api), biolog, the riboprinter system, 16s rdna sequencing, cellular fatty acid analysis, or some combination of these. the majority of isolates were identified as clostridium sporogenes (in 33% of products), but clostridium cochlearium (in 12% of products) and clostridi ... | 2006 | 16924914 |
| effect of different premilking manual teat-cleaning methods on bacterial spores in milk. | different teat-cleaning methods were evaluated to determine their effect on the presence of spores from anaerobic bacterial spore-formers in the milk. artificial contamination was used to achieve uniform contamination of teats to reduce the number of cows and samples needed in the experiments and still obtain adequate power to detect differences among tested methods. teats were contaminated experimentally with a large amount of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in a manure-water slurry. various t ... | 2006 | 16960062 |
| construction and characterization of ack deleted mutant of clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid and hydrogen production. | clostridium tyrobutyricum produces butyrate, acetate, h(2), and co(2) as its main fermentation products from glucose and xylose. to improve butyric acid and hydrogen production, integrational mutagenesis was used to create a metabolically engineered mutant with inactivated ack gene, encoding acetate kinase (ak) associated with the acetate formation pathway. a non-replicative plasmid containing the acetate kinase gene (ack) fragment was constructed and introduced into c. tyrobutyricum by electrop ... | 2006 | 17022663 |
| determination of spore inactivation during thermal and pressure-assisted thermal processing using ft-ir spectroscopy. | the efficacy of microbial inactivation techniques is currently tested using time-consuming and labor-intensive plate count methods, which are the principal rate-limiting steps in developing inactivation kinetic parameters for alternative food processing technologies. fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to quantify viable spores and identify some biochemical changes in samples treated by autoclaving, pressure-assisted thermal processing (pa ... | 2006 | 17177574 |
| quantitative detection of clostridium tyrobutyricum in milk by real-time pcr. | we developed a real-time pcr assay for the quantitative detection of clostridium tyrobutyricum, which has been identified as the major causal agent of late blowing in cheese. the assay was 100% specific, with an analytical sensitivity of 1 genome equivalent in 40% of the reactions. the quantification was linear (r(2) > 0.9995) over a 5-log dynamic range, down to 10 genome equivalents, with a pcr efficiency of >0.946. with optimized detergent treatment and enzymatic pretreatment of the sample bef ... | 2007 | 17449705 |
| bactericidal effect of bovicin hc5 and nisin against clostridium tyrobutyricum isolated from spoiled mango pulp. | to test the effect of bovicin hc5--a bacteriocin from streptococcus bovis hc5--against the strains of clostridium tyrobutyricum isolated from canned spoiled mango pulp. | 2007 | 17594463 |
| monitoring biochemical changes in bacterial spore during thermal and pressure-assisted thermal processing using ft-ir spectroscopy. | pressure-assisted thermal processing (patp) is being widely investigated for processing low acid foods. however, its microbial safety has not been well established and the mechanism of inactivation of pathogens and spores is not well understood. fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy was used to study some of the biochemical changes in bacterial spores occurring during patp and thermal processing (tp). spore suspensions (approximately 10(9) cfu/ml of water) of clostridium tyrobutyricum, ... | 2007 | 17907780 |
| quality of silages from italian farms as attested by number and identity of microbial indicators. | this study evaluated the quality and possible hygiene risks related to farm-made silages by analysing the presence and number of micro-organisms that influence the preservation and safety in samples from four italian regions. | 2007 | 17953581 |
| biological hydrogen production by immobilized cells of clostridium tyrobutyricum jm1 isolated from a food waste treatment process. | a fermentative hydrogen-producing bacterium, clostridium tyrobutyricum jm1, was isolated from a food waste treating process using 16s rrna gene sequencing and amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra). a fixed-bed bioreactor packed with polyurethane foam as support matrix for the growth of the isolate was operated at different hydraulic retention time (hrt) to evaluate its performance for hydrogen production. the reactor achieved the maximal hydrogen production rate of 7.2 l h(2)l(-1) ... | 2008 | 18248983 |
| the effects of ph on carbon material and energy balances in hydrogen-producing clostridium tyrobutyricum jm1. | the effects of ph on hydrogen fermentation of glucose by newly isolated h(2)-producing bacterium clostridium tyrobutyricum jm1 were investigated in batch cultivations. the changes of carbon material and energy balances by ph conditions provided useful information for understanding and interpreting the regulatory system of the microorganism, and for optimization of a desired product, in this case, molecular hydrogen. the most probable metabolic pathways of c. tyrobutyricum jm1 were determined thr ... | 2008 | 18485698 |
| production of butyric acid from glucose and xylose with immobilized cells of clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. | butyric acid has many applications in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. in the present study, clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755 was immobilized in a fibrous-bed bioreactor to evaluate the performance of butyrate production from glucose and xylose. the results showed that the final concentration and yield of butyric acid were 13.70 and 0.46 g g(-1), respectively, in batch fermentation when 30 g l(-1) glucose was introduced into the bioreactor. furthermore, high concentration 10.10 ... | 2010 | 18651247 |
| sources of clostridia in raw milk on farms. | a pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) method was used to examine on-farm sources of clostridium cluster i strains in four dairy farms over 2 years. conventional microbiological analysis was used in parallel to monitor size of clostridial populations present in various components of the milk production chain (soil, forage, grass silage, maize silage, dry hay, and raw milk). pcr amplification with clostridium cluster i-specific 16s rrna gene primers followed by dgge separation yield ... | 2008 | 18757576 |
| butyric acid fermentation in a fibrous bed bioreactor with immobilized clostridium tyrobutyricum from cane molasses. | butyrate fermentation by immobilized clostridium tyrobutyricum was successfully carried out in a fibrous bed bioreactor using cane molasses. batch fermentations were conducted to investigate the influence of ph on the metabolism of the strain, and the results showed that the fermentation gave a highest butyrate production of 26.2 g l(-1) with yield of 0.47 g g(-1) and reactor productivity up to 4.13 g l(-1)h(-1) at ph 6.0. when repeated-batch fermentation was carried out, long-term operation wit ... | 2009 | 19297150 |
| effect of initial glucose concentrations on carbon material and energy balances in hydrogen-producing clostridium tyrobutyricum jm1. | the carbon metabolism of newly isolated clostridium tyrobutyricum jm1 was investigated at varying initial glucose concentrations (27.8-333.6mm). because an understanding of metabolic regulations was required to provide guidance for further effective metabolic design or optimization, in this case, maximizing hydrogen production, carbon material, and energy balances by c. tyrobutyricum jm1 were determined and applied in anaerobic glucose metabolism. the overall carbon distribution suggested that i ... | 2009 | 19349755 |
| a combination of a sem technique and x-ray microanalysis for studying the spore germination process of clostridium tyrobutyricum. | clostridium tyrobutyricum is an anaerobic bacterium responsible for late blowing defects during cheese ripening and it is of scientific interest for biological hydrogen production. a scanning electron microscopy (sem) coating technique and x-ray microanalysis were developed to analyze the architecture and chemical composition of spores upon germination in response to environmental changes. in addition, we investigated the effects of different compounds on this process. agents and environmental c ... | 2009 | 19393740 |
| continuous hydrogen and butyric acid fermentation by immobilized clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755: effects of the glucose concentration and hydraulic retention time. | the effects of the hydraulic retention time (hrt=8, 10, 12 or 16.7 h) and glucose concentration (30, 40 or 50 g/l) on the production of hydrogen and butyrate by an immobilized clostridium tyrobutyricum culture, grown under continuous culturing conditions, were evaluated. with 30 g/l glucose, the higher hrts tested led to greater butyrate concentrations in the culture, i.e., 9.3 g/l versus 12.9 g/l with hrts of 8 h and 16.7 h, respectively. in contrast, higher biogas and hydrogen production rates ... | 2009 | 19545998 |
| detection of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores using polyclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. | the present work investigates the feasibility of using flow cytometry (fcm) combined with fluorescent-labelled specific polyclonal antibodies for the detection and presumptive identification of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in bovine milk. | 2010 | 19659701 |
| analysis of lysozyme in cheese by immunocapture mass spectrometry. | the enzyme lysozyme is used as a preservative to prevent late blowing of ripened cheese, caused by clostridium tyrobutyricum. since the enzyme is extracted from hen egg white, lysozyme has to be declared on food product labels as a potential allergen. here, a method is reported that combines immunocapture purification and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) analysis for the detection of lysozyme in cheese samples. cheese extracts were treat ... | 2010 | 19709935 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of sucrose by clostridium tyrobutyricum zju 8235: evidence for the phosphotransferase transport system. | the uptake and metabolism of sucrose, the major sugar in industrial cane molasses, by clostridium tyrobutyricum zju 8235 was investigated and this study provided the first definitive evidence for phosphoenolpyruvate (pep)-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) activity in butyric acid-producing bacteria. glucose was utilized preferentially to sucrose when both substrates were present in the medium. the pep-dependent sucrose: pts was induced by growing c. tyrobutyricum on sucrose (but not gluc ... | 2010 | 19726178 |
| selection of high affine peptide ligands for detection of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores. | clostridium tyrobutyricum is the main agent responsible for "late blowing" in cheese, which causes severe economic losses. nowadays, the reference method for its detection is the most-probable-number (mpn); however, it is time consuming and non-specific. thus, in order to check milk contamination with spores of c. tyrobutyricum, a more specific and rapid method would be required. the objective of this work was to obtain a ligand to establish the basis to develop a biomagnetic separation method f ... | 2009 | 19772877 |
| sequence analysis of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid of clostridium butyricum and expression of the bacteriocin gene in escherichia coli. | a small cryptic plasmid, namely, pcbm588, was obtained from clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 (cbm588)--a bacterium used in probiotics. the complete sequence of pcbm588 was determined. the size of pcbm588 was 8060 bp and the g + c content was 24.3%. nine open reading frames (orfs) were predicted, and orf3 showed significant homologies with a structural bacteriocin gene of clostridium tyrobutyricum. the putative bacteriocin gene was inserted into the pet21d expression vector in frame; it was expr ... | 2010 | 19840859 |
| effects of copper on germination, growth and sporulation of clostridium tyrobutyricum. | the effects of copper (cu(2+)) on spore germination, vegetative growth and sporulation of clostridium tyrobutyricum, which is capable to causing texture and flavour defects in emmental cheese, were studied. spore suspensions of three different strains were used as starting material for two experimental set-ups. the first studied the effects of supplemented (0-30 ppm) copper in rcm medium during spore germination and vegetative growth of c. tyrobutyricum measured by plating. the second set-up stu ... | 2010 | 20227610 |
| [engineering and metabolic characteristics of a clostridium tyrobutyricum strain]. | clostridium tyrobutyricum is suitable for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic. it can produce butyric acid, acetic acid as its main fermentation products from a wide variety of carbohydrates such as glucose, xylose, cellobiose and arabinose. in order to decrease acetic acid content and increase butyric acid content in c. tyrobutyricum, we replaced genes on the acetic acid fermentation pathway with genes on the butyric acid fermentation pathway. three genes were sele ... | 2010 | 20432934 |
| genomic sequence and characterization of the virulent bacteriophage phictp1 from clostridium tyrobutyricum and heterologous expression of its endolysin. | the growth of clostridium tyrobutyricum in developing cheese leads to spoilage and cheese blowing. bacteriophages or their specific lytic enzymes may provide a biological control method for eliminating such undesirable organisms without affecting other microflora. we isolated the virulent bacteriophage phictp1 belonging to the siphoviridae and have shown that it is effective in causing lysis of sensitive strains. the double-stranded dna genome of phictp1 is 59,199 bp, and sequence analysis indic ... | 2010 | 20581196 |
| preliminary study on the isolation of clostridium butyricum strains from natural sources in the uk and screening the isolates for presence of the type e botulinal toxin gene. | clostridia such as clostridium tyrobutyricum, c. pasteurianum and c. butyricum may cause spoilage problems in certain types of food, but they are not normally regarded as dangerous. however some strains of c. butyricum have acquired the type e botulinum neurotoxin gene and have caused both infant and classical botulism in italy (1986), china (1994) and india (1996). this study was carried out to examine a range of samples from fresh vegetables to food and environmental samples in the uk and test ... | 2010 | 20633941 |
| nanomechanical analysis of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores. | in this work we report on the measurement of the young modulus of the external surface of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in air with an atomic force microscope. the young modulus can be reliably measured despite the strong tip-spore adhesion forces and the need to immobilize the spores due to their slipping on most substrates. moreover, we investigate the disturbing factors and consider some practical aspects that influence the measurements of elastic properties of biological objects with the ... | 2010 | 20739184 |
| enhanced butyric acid tolerance and bioproduction by clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor. | repeated fed-batch fermentation of glucose by clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor (fbb) was successfully employed to produce butyric acid at a high final concentration as well as to adapt a butyric-acid-tolerant strain. at the end of the eighth fed-batch fermentation, the butyric acid concentration reached 86.9 ± 2.17 g/l, which to our knowledge is the highest butyric acid concentration ever produced in the traditional fermentation process. to understand the mechani ... | 2011 | 20824675 |
| efficient production of butyric acid from jerusalem artichoke by immobilized clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. | butyric acid is an important specialty chemical with wide industrial applications. the feasible large-scale fermentation for the economical production of butyric acid requires low-cost substrate and efficient process. in the present study, butyric acid production by immobilized clostridium tyrobutyricum was successfully performed in a fibrous-bed bioreactor using jerusalem artichoke as the substrate. repeated-batch fermentation was carried out to produce butyric acid with a high butyrate yield ( ... | 2010 | 21169015 |
| control and optimization of clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755 adhesion into fibrous matrix in a fibrous bed bioreactor. | the great performance of a fibrous bed bioreactor (fbb) is mainly dependent on the cell adhesion and immobilization into the fibrous matrix. therefore, understanding the mechanism and factors controling cell adhesion in the fibrous matrix is necessary to optimize the fbb setup and further improve the fermentability. the adhesion behavior of a strain of clostridium tyrobutyricum isolated from an fbb was studied, which was proven to be affected by the different environmental conditions, such as gr ... | 2011 | 21484272 |
| metabolic and energetic aspects of biohydrogen production of clostridium tyrobutyricum: the effects of hydraulic retention time and peptone addition. | this study evaluates the microbial metabolism and energy demand in fermentative biohydrogen production using clostridium tyrobutyricum fya102 at different hydraulic retention times (hrt) over a period of 1-18h. the hydrogen yield shows a positive correlation with the butyrate yield, the b/a ratio, and the y(h2)/2(y(hac)+y(hbu)) ratio, but a negative correlation with the lactate yield. a decrease in hrt, which is accompanied by an increased biomass growth, tends to decrease the b/a ratio, due pre ... | 2011 | 21511461 |
| metabolic engineering of clostridium tyrobutyricum for n-butanol production. | clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755, a butyric acid producing bacterium, has been engineered to overexpress aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (adhe2, genebank no. af321779) from clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824, which converts butyryl-coa to butanol, under the control of native thiolase (thl) promoter. butanol titer of 1.1g/l was obtained in c. tyrobutyricum overexpressing adhe2. the effects of inactivating acetate kinase (ack) and phosphotransbutyrylase (ptb) genes in the host on butanol pro ... | 2011 | 21530675 |
| effects of different replicons in conjugative plasmids on transformation efficiency, plasmid stability, gene expression and n-butanol biosynthesis in clostridium tyrobutyricum. | clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755 can produce butyric acid, acetic acid, and hydrogen as the main products from various carbon sources. in this study, c. tyrobutyricum was used as a host to produce n-butanol by expressing adhe2 gene under the control of a native thiolase promoter using four different conjugative plasmids (pmtl82151, 83151, 84151, and 85151) each with a different replicon (pbp1 from c. botulinum nctc2916, pcb102 from c. butyricum, pcd6 from clostridium difficile, and pim13 fro ... | 2011 | 22139042 |
| Adaptive evolution for fast growth on glucose and the effects on the regulation of glucose transport system in Clostridium tyrobutyricum. | Laboratory adaptive evolution of microorganisms offers the possibility of relating acquired mutations to increased fitness of the organism under the conditions used. By combining a fibrous-bed bioreactor, we successfully developed a simple and valuable adaptive evolution strategy in repeated-batch fermentation mode with high initial substrate concentration and evolved Clostridium tyrobutyricum mutant with significantly improved butyric acid volumetric productivity up to 2.25?g/(L?h), which is th ... | 2011 | 21956266 |
| effect of temperature on microbial population and performance of an aerobic thermophilic reactor treating cattle slurry and waste food. | this study was carried out to quantify and identify the presence of somatic coliphages, rna coliphages, sulphite-reducing clostridia, clostridium tyrobutyricum or its related clostridia, faecal coliforms, enterococci and heterotrophs in a mixture of cattle slurry and waste food (whey and jam) that had undergone aerobic thermophilic treatment (att). we also investigated the influence of different factors, including ph, cod, temperature, odour removal, addition of waste food (whey and jam) and nit ... | 2011 | 21970164 |
| specific peptides as alternative to antibody ligands for biomagnetic separation of clostridium tyrobutyricum spores. | nowadays, the reference method for the detection of clostridium tyrobutyricum in milk is the most-probable-number method, a very time-consuming and non-specific method. in this work, the suitability of the use of superparamagnetic beads coated with specific antibodies and peptides for bioseparation and concentration of spores of c. tyrobutyricum has been assessed. peptide or antibody functionalized nanoparticles were able to specifically bind c. tyrobutyricum spores and concentrate them up to de ... | 2011 | 22160206 |
| effects of ptb knockout on butyric acid fermentation by clostridium tyrobutyricum. | clostridium tyrobutyricum atcc 25755 is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium that produces butyrate, acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide from various saccharides, including glucose and xylose. phosphotransbutyrylase (ptb) is a key enzyme in the butyric acid synthesis pathway. in this work, effects of ptb knockout by homologous recombination on metabolic flux and product distribution were investigated. when compared with the wild type, the activities of ptb and butyrate kinase in p ... | 2011 | 22038864 |
| immunological response in egg-sensitive adults challenged with cheese containing or not containing lysozyme. | lysozyme is an enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial peptidoglicans. for this reason, it is used in cheese manufacturing in order to prevent a defect of long-ripened hard cheese called "late blowing" due to the outgrowth of spores of clostridium tyrobutyricum and clostridium butyricum. moreover, germination of listeria monocytogenes spores into vegetative cells is also sensitive to lysozyme. the enzyme can be an allergenic molecule, and for this reason there are concerns about its use in food industr ... | 2012 | 23756581 |
| in situ esterification and extractive fermentation for butyl butyrate production with clostridium tyrobutyricum. | butyl butyrate (bb) is a valuable chemical that can be used as flavor, fragrance, extractant, etc. in various industries. meanwhile, bb can also be used as a fuel source with excellent compatibility as gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel components. the conventional industrial production of bb is highly energy-consuming and generates various environmental pollutants. recently, there have been tremendous interests in producing bb from renewable resources through biological routes. in this stud ... | 2017 | 28295202 |
| incidence, diversity and characteristics of spores of psychrotolerant spore formers in various repfeds produced in belgium. | the major objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of psychrotolerant spore formers from repfeds marketed in belgium, and their diversity and characteristics. spore formers in general were found as spores on 38.3% of the food samples and in 85% food products types evaluated. 76% of the food samples containing spore formers had spores before enrichment. a total of 86 spore formers were isolated from the samples. 28 of 86 bacterial spore formers (32.6%) were capable of vegetative g ... | 2014 | 25084675 |
| effects of different heat treatments on lysozyme quantity and antimicrobial activity of jenny milk. | thermal treatments are used to improve milk microbial safety, shelf life, and biological activity of some of its components. however, thermal treatments can reduce the nutritional quality of milk, affecting the molecular structure of milk proteins, such as lysozyme, which is a very important milk component due to its antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria. jenny milk is characterized by high lysozyme content. for this reason, in the last few years, it has been used as an antimicrobi ... | 2016 | 27157571 |
| crystal structure of the ctp1l endolysin reveals how its activity is regulated by a secondary translation product. | bacteriophages produce endolysins, which lyse the bacterial host cell to release newly produced virions. the timing of lysis is regulated and is thought to involve the activation of a molecular switch. we present a crystal structure of the activated endolysin ctp1l that targets clostridium tyrobutyricum, consisting of a complex between the full-length protein and an n-terminally truncated c-terminal cell wall binding domain (cbd). the truncated cbd is produced through an internal translation sta ... | 2016 | 26683375 |
| genomic sequence of bacteriophage atcc 8074-b1 and activity of its endolysin and engineered variants against clostridium sporogenes. | lytic bacteriophage atcc 8074-b1 produces large plaques on its host clostridium sporogenes. sequencing of the 47,595-bp genome allowed the identification of 82 putative open reading frames, including those encoding proteins for head and tail morphogenesis and lysis. however, sequences commonly associated with lysogeny were absent. orf 22 encodes an endolysin, cs74l, that shows homology to n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidases, and when expressed in escherichia coli, the protein causes effective ly ... | 2012 | 22427494 |
| genomic approach to studying nutritional requirements of clostridium tyrobutyricum and other clostridia causing late blowing defects. | clostridium tyrobutyricum is the main microorganism responsible for the late blowing defect in hard and semi-hard cheeses, causing considerable economic losses to the cheese industry. deeper knowledge of the metabolic requirements of this microorganism can lead to the development of more effective control approaches. in this work, the amino acids and b vitamins essential for sustaining the growth of c. tyrobutyricum were investigated using a genomic approach. as the first step, the genomes of fo ... | 2016 | 27375262 |
| seasonal occurrence and molecular diversity of clostridia species spores along cheesemaking streams of 5 commercial dairy plants. | five commercial dairy plants were monitored over a 17-mo period to determine the seasonal occurrence of clostridium spores in streams from the cheesemaking process. every 2 mo, samples of raw milk (rm), separated cream (sc), pasteurized and standardized vat milk (psvm), psvm + lysozyme (psvm+l), and manufactured cheese aged for 60 to 90 d were processed for analysis. molecular diversity of the main species identified was determined using repetitive element palindromic pcr. the mean anaerobic spo ... | 2016 | 26923043 |
| enumeration of clostridia in goat milk using an optimized membrane filtration technique. | a membrane filtration technique developed for counting butyric acid bacteria in cow milk was further developed for analysis of goat milk. reduction of the sample volume, prolongation of incubation time after addition of proteolytic enzyme and detergent, and a novel step of ultrasonic treatment during incubation allowed filtration of goat milk even in the case of somatic cell counts (scc) exceeding 10(6)/ml. however, filterability was impaired in milk from goats in late lactation. in total, spore ... | 2014 | 25129496 |
| development of a triplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of clostridium beijerinckii, clostridium sporogenes and clostridium tyrobutyricum in milk. | clostridium beijerinckii, clostridium sporogenes and clostridium tyrobutyricum are considered the leading bacteria implicated in late blowing defects affecting semi-hard and hard cheese production. the aim of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time pcr (qpcr) analysis for a rapid and simultaneous detection of c. beijerinckii, c. sporogenes and c. tyrobutyricum, using specific primers respectively targeting the nifh, geraa and enr genes. the limits of detection in raw milk were 300 cfu/50 ... | 2015 | 25870135 |
| biotechnological and safety characterization of enterococcus lactis, a recently described species of dairy origin. | the biotechnological and safety properties of a recently described enterococcal species, enterococcus lactis, were investigated. with regard to the technological properties, in milk all the strains tested had weak acidifying and proteolytic activities, generally medium reduction activity over 24 h (-102 mv < eh < -2 mv) and low lipolytic activity on tributyrin agar. the isolates were tested for resistance against 14 antibiotics and none of the studied strains were classified as resistant to clin ... | 2013 | 22961639 |
| dynamics of microbial community during ensiling direct-cut alfalfa with and without lab inoculant and sugar. | to gain deeper insights into the clostridial community dynamics and chemical transformations during the ensiling of alfalfa. | 2017 | 28370869 |
| pretreatment of corn stover by low moisture anhydrous ammonia (lmaa) in a pilot-scale reactor and bioconversion to fuel ethanol and industrial chemicals. | corn stover (cs) adjusted to 50, 66, and 70 % moisture was pretreated by the low moisture anhydrous ammonia (lmaa) process in a pilot-scale ammoniation reactor. after ammoniation, the 70 % moisture cs was treated at 90 and 100 °c whereas the others were treated at 90 °c only. the 70 % moisture pretreated cs then was subjected to a storage study under non-sterile conditions for 3 months. it was found that storage time did not have significant effects on the compositions of the pretreated material ... | 2016 | 26769706 |