| properties of enzymes from clostridium thermoaceticum and clostridium formicoaceticum. | methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from c. thermoaceticum and c. formicoaceticum have been purified to homogeneity and compared. the two enzymes are very similar physically, chemically, and kinetically, but he c. thermoaceticum enzyme has a higher thermostablility, which is an intrinsic property of the protein. formate dehydrogenase enzymes from both bacteria require selenite and tungstate for formation and these enzymes also appear to have similar properties, although the c. thermoaceticum ... | 1976 | 7468 |
| some properties of formate dehydrogenase, accumulation and incorporation of 185w-tungsten into proteins of clostridium formicoaceticum. | formate dehydrogenase of clostridium formicoaceticum used only methyl and benzyl viologen, but not nad as electron acceptor. the s0.5 values were 0.9 x 10(-4) m for formate and 5.8 x 10(-3) m for methyl viologen. using potassium phosphate buffer a ph-optimum of 7.9 was observed. the initial velocity of the formate dehydrogenase activity reached a maximum at 70 degrees c, whereas the activity was stable only up to 50 degrees c. the level of formate dehydrogenase in c. formicoaceticum was increase ... | 1977 | 23733 |
| fumarate reductase of clostridium formicoaceticum. a peripheral membrane protein. | when clostridium formicoaceticum was grown on fumarate or l-malate crude cell extracts contained a high fumarate reductase activity. using reduced methyl viologen as electron donor the specific activity amounted to 2-3.5 u per mg of protein. reduced benzyl viologen, fmnh2 and nadh could also serve as electron donors but the specific activities were much lower. the nadh-dependent activity was strictly membrane-bound and rather labile. its specific activity did not exceed 0.08 u per mg of particle ... | 1978 | 214050 |
| mechanism of acetate synthesis from co2 by clostridium acidiurici. | total synthesis of acetate from co2 by clostridium acidiurici during fermentations of hypoxanthine has been shown to involve synthesis of glycine from methylenetetrahydrofolate, co2, and nh3. the glycine is converted to serine by the addition of methylenetetrahydrofolate, and the resulting serine is converted to pyruvate, which is decarboxylated to form acetate. since co2 is converted to methylenetetrahydrofolate, both carbons of the acetate are derived from co2. the evidence supporting this pat ... | 1979 | 500560 |
| fermentation of fumarate and l-malate by clostridium formicoaceticum. | the fermentation of fumarate and l-malate by clostridium formicoaceticum was investigated. growing and nongrowing cells degraded fumarate by dismutation to succinate, acetate, and co2; on the other hand, only small amounts of succinate were detected when the organism was grown on l-malate. this dicarboxylic acid was mainly converted to acetate and co2. the fermentation balances were modified if bicarbonate or formate were present in the medium. when c. formicoaceticum was grown in the presence o ... | 1978 | 618841 |
| carbon monoxide oxidation by clostridium thermoaceticum and clostridium formicoaceticum. | cultures of clostridium formicoaceticum and c. thermoaceticum growing on fructose and glucose, respectively, were shown to rapidly oxidize co to co(2). rates up to 0.4 mumol min(-1) mg of wet cells(-1) were observed. carbon monoxide oxidation by cell suspensions was found (i) to be dependent on pyruvate, (ii) to be inhibited by alkyl halides and arsenate, and (iii) to stimulate co(2) reduction to acetate. cell extracts catalyzed the oxidation of carbon monoxide with methyl viologen at specific r ... | 1978 | 711675 |
| presence of cytochrome and menaquinone in clostridium formicoaceticum and clostridium thermoaceticum. | cytochrome b and menaquinone have been demonstrated in the homoacetate-fermenting clostridium formicoaceticum and clostridium thermoaceticum. | 1975 | 1123319 |
| re-examination of the metabolic potentials of the acetogens clostridium aceticum and clostridium formicoaceticum: chemolithoautotrophic and aromatic-dependent growth. | both clostridium formicoaceticum and clostridium aceticum grew chemolithoautotrophically on carbon monoxide plus co2 in defined medium in the absence of carbohydrates, amino acids, or other carbon and energy sources. formate supported the growth of both organisms as well in both defined and undefined media (both of which also contained co2). hydrogen was stimulatory to the growth of c. formicoaceticum upon first transfer into h2-enriched formate medium; however, neither chemolithoautotrophic gro ... | 1992 | 1516807 |
| purification and some properties of the tungsten-containing carboxylic acid reductase from clostridium formicoaceticum. | judged by properties observed during the purification and based on the sequence of the first 25 amino acids, the enzyme from clostridium formicoaceticum catalysing the reversible reduction of non-activated carboxylic acids to aldehydes at the expense of reduced viologens, is astonishingly different from that found by us in c. thermoaceticum. according to native and sds gel electrophoresis the reductase is nearly homogeneous after only 26-fold purification. the specificity for various substrates ... | 1991 | 1793519 |
| purification and properties of a nadh-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from peptostreptococcus productus. | the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from the carbon-monoxide-utilizing homoacetogen peptostreptococcus productus (strain marburg) has been purified to apparent homogeneity. the purified enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of nadh with methylenetetrahydrofolate as the electron acceptor at a specific activity of 380 mumols.min-1 mg protein-1 (37 degrees c; ph 5.5). the apparent km for nadh was near 10 microm. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was determined by gel filtration to be approxima ... | 1990 | 2209595 |
| biotransformations of aromatic aldehydes by acetogenic bacteria. | vanillin was subject to o demethylation and supported growth of clostridium formicoaceticum and clostridium thermoaceticum. vanillin was also stimulatory to the co-dependent growth of peptostreptococcus productus. the aldehyde substituent of vanillin was metabolized by routes which were dependent upon both the acetogen and a co-metabolizable substrate (e.g. carbon monoxide [co]). c. formicoaceticum and c. thermoaceticum oxidized the aldehyde group of vanillin to the carboxyl level, while p. prod ... | 1990 | 2328911 |
| diversity of corrinoids in acetogenic bacteria. p-cresolylcobamide from sporomusa ovata, 5-methoxy-6-methylbenzimidazolylcobamide from clostridium formicoaceticum and vitamin b12 from acetobacterium woodii. | the co beta-cyanocobamides obtained by cyanide extractions from several acetogenic bacteria were structurally characterized by ultraviolet/visible spectra, proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectra. p-cresolycobamide was detected as a major corrinoid from sporomusa ovata. this 'complete' corrinoid was isolated from an organism for the first time. instead of the common co alpha bases of the known and biologically active cobamides, p-cresolylcobamide containe ... | 1988 | 3350008 |
| purification and properties of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from clostridium formicoaceticum. | | 1986 | 3517570 |
| purification of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from clostridium formicoaceticum. | | 1986 | 3702702 |
| purification and characterization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from clostridium formicoaceticum. | | 1974 | 4153026 |
| the effect of ferrous ions, tungstate and selenite on the level of formate dehydrogenase in clostridium formicoaceticum and formate synthesis from co2 during pyruvate fermentation. | | 1974 | 4836256 |
| clostridium formicoaceticum nov. spec. isolation, description and distinction from c. aceticum and c. thermoaceticum. | | 1970 | 4918913 |
| fermentation of fructose and synthesis of acetate from carbon dioxide by clostridium formicoaceticum. | clostridium formicoaceticum ferments fructose labeled with (14)c in carbon 1, 4, 5, or 6 via the embden meyerhof pathway. in fermentations of fructose in the presence of (14)co(2), acetate is formed labeled equally in both carbons. extracts convert the methyl groups of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and methyl-b(12) to the methyl group of acetate in the presence of pyruvate. formate dehydrogenase, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, 5,10-methylenetetrahy ... | 1972 | 5058446 |
| total synthesis of acetate from co 2 . v. determination by mass analysis of the different types of acetate formed from 13 co 2 by heterotrophic bacteria. | mass analysis was used to determine the amount of acetate which is totally synthesized from (13)co(2) during fermentations by clostridium formicoaceticum, c. acidiurici, c. cylindrosporum, butyribacterium rettgeri, and diplococcus glycinophilus. in the fermentation of fructose by c. formicoaceticum, 27% of the acetate was found to be totally synthesized from co(2), and the remaining acetate was unlabeled, having been formed from fructose. evidence is presented that the purine-fermenting organism ... | 1972 | 5058447 |
| isolation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from acetobacterium woodii and comparison of its properties with those of the clostridium thermoaceticum enzyme. | an oxygen-labile carbon monoxide dehydrogenase was purified to at least 98% homogeneity from fructose-grown cells of acetobacterium woodii. gel filtration and electrophoresis experiments gave molecular weights of 480,000 and 153,000, respectively, of the active enzyme. the molecular weights for the subunits are 80,000 and 68,000; the subunits occur in equal proportion. the small subunit of the a. woodii enzyme differs in size from that of the clostridium thermoaceticum enzyme; however, the large ... | 1983 | 6309745 |
| purification and properties of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an iron-sulfur flavoprotein from clostridium formicoaceticum. | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in clostridium formicoaceticum has been purified to a specific activity of 140 mumol min-1 mg-1 when assayed at 37 degrees c, ph 7.2, in the direction of oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor. the purified enzyme is judged to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. the enzyme which is an octamer has a molecular weight of about 237,000 and consists of four each of two different subu ... | 1984 | 6381490 |
| characterization of ferredoxin, flavodoxin, and rubredoxin from clostridium formicoaceticum grown in media with high and low iron contents. | ferredoxin, flavodoxin, and rubredoxin were purified to homogeneity from clostridium formicoaceticum and characterized. variation of the iron concentration of the growth medium caused substantial changes in the concentrations of ferredoxin and flavodoxin but not of rubredoxin. the ferredoxin has a molecular weight of 6,000 and is a four iron-four sulfur protein with eight cysteine residues. the spectrum is similar to that of other ferredoxins. the molar extinction coefficients are 22.6 x 10(3) a ... | 1984 | 6690418 |
| alpha-isopropylmalate synthase as a marker for the leucine biosynthetic pathway in several clostridia and in bacteroides fragilis. | alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (ec 4.1.3.12) is present in extracts of bacteroides fragilis, clostridium thermoaceticum, clostridium formicoaceticum, clostridium pasteurianum, and clostridium kluyveri with specific activities (micromol alpha-isopropylmalate formed per min and g protein) of 8.6, 8.9, 2.4, 1.9, and 0.3, respectively. the product alpha-isopropylmalate was identified by gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy. the presence of 5mm leucine in the growth medium represses the ... | 1981 | 6798949 |
| raman spectra of flavin bound in flavodoxins and in other flavoproteins. evidence for structural variations in the flavin-binding region. | the resonance coherent anti-stokes raman scattering (cars) spectra for a number of flavoproteins are found to be fingerprints for the particular type of flavoprotein. one group studied were the bacterial flavodoxins: desulfovibrio vulgaris, desulfovibrio desulfuricans, azotobacter vinelandii, megasphaera elsdenii, clostridium kluyverii and clostridium formicoaceticum. the other examples were the enzymes lactate monooxygenase and glucose oxidase. fmn complexed to vibrio harveyi luciferase, and a ... | 1983 | 6840072 |
| methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from clostridium formicoaceticum and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (combined) from clostridium thermoaceticum. | | 1980 | 6966369 |
| purification and properties of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from clostridium formicoaceticum. | methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (ec 3.5.4.9) from clostridium formicoaceticum has been purified to a specific activity of 469 mumol min-1 mg-1 at 35 degrees c, ph 7.2. the purified enzyme is homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, and gel filtration profiles. the molecular weight is 41,000 +/- 200 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. a subunit molecular weight of approximately 25,500 was obtained using sodium dodecyl ... | 1982 | 7061514 |
| transformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene by homoacetogenic bacteria. | eight homoacetogenic strains of the genera acetobacterium, clostridium and sporomusa were tested for their ability to dechlorinate tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethene, pce). of the organisms tested only sporomusa ovata was able to reductively dechlorinate pce with methanol as an electron donor. resting cells of s. ovata reductively dechlorinated pce at a rate of 9.8 nmol h-1 (mg protein)-1 to trichloroethylene (tce) as the sole product. the dechlorination activity depended on concomitant acetog ... | 1994 | 7988892 |
| carbonic anhydrase in acetobacterium woodii and other acetogenic bacteria. | acetobacterium woodii, acetohalobium arabaticum, clostridium formicoaceticum, and sporomusa silvacetica were found to contain carbonic anhydrase (ca). minimal to no ca activity was detected in moorella thermoautotrophica, moorella thermoacetica subsp. "pratumsolum," sporomusa termitida, and thermoanaerobacter kivui. of the acetogens tested, a. woodii had the highest ca specific activity, approximately 14 u mg of protein(-1), in extracts of either glucose- or h2-co2-cultivated cells. ca of a. woo ... | 1997 | 9371472 |
| genotyping of apolipoprotein e by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the genotyping of the various isoforms of apolipoprotein e (apo e) has been performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi-ms). the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the specific apo e gene sequence followed by digestion with cfo i (clostridium formicoaceticum), for generating restriction fragments for rapid and accurate mass analysis. an exonuclease i digestion step was introduced to remove the unused primers after pcr, which can otherwise interfere in the mass s ... | 1998 | 9737011 |
| acetic acid production from fructose by clostridium formicoaceticum immobilized in a fibrous-bed bioreactor | the fermentation kinetics of acetic acid production from fructose by clostridium formicoaceticum was studied at ph 7.6 and 37 degreesc. recycle batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentations using immobilized cells in a fibrous-bed bioreactor were studied for their potential application in producing acetic acid from fructose, a fermentable sugar commonly found in corn steep liquor and many other food processing wastes. for the immobilized cell fermentation, acetic acid yield from fructose was ap ... | 1998 | 9758672 |
| metabolism of aromatic aldehydes as cosubstrates by the acetogen clostridium formicoaceticum. | when the acetogen clostridium formicoaceticum was cultivated on mixtures of aromatic compounds (e.g., 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde plus vanillate), the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde groups occurred more rapidly than did o-demethylation. likewise, when fructose and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were simultaneously provided as growth substrates, fructose was utilized only after the aromatic aldehyde group was oxidized to the carboxyl level. aromatic aldehyde oxidoreductase activity was constitutive (activities ... | 1998 | 9799286 |
| purification and properties of nadh-dependent 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (metf) from escherichia coli. | a k-12 strain of escherichia coli that overproduces methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (metf) has been constructed, and the enzyme has been purified to apparent homogeneity. a plasmid specifying metf with six histidine residues added to the c terminus has been used to purify histidine-tagged metf to homogeneity in a single step by affinity chromatography on nickel-agarose, yielding a preparation with specific activity comparable to that of the unmodified enzyme. the native protein comprises fou ... | 1999 | 9922232 |
| acetate production from whey lactose using co-immobilized cells of homolactic and homoacetic bacteria in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. | acetate was produced from whey lactose in batch and fed-batch fermentations using co-immobilized cells of clostridium formicoaceticum and lactococcus lactis. the cells were immobilized in a spirally wound fibrous sheet packed in a 0.45-l column reactor, with liquid circulated through a 5-l stirred-tank fermentor. industrial-grade nitrogen sources, including corn steep liquor, casein hydrolysate, and yeast hydrolysate, were studied as inexpensive nutrient supplements to whey permeate and acid whe ... | 1998 | 10099456 |
| production of carboxylic acids from hydrolyzed corn meal by immobilized cell fermentation in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. | corn meal hydrolyzed with amylases was used as the carbon source for producing acetic, propionic, and butyric acids via anaerobic fermentations. in this study, corn meal, containing 75% (w/w) starch, 20% (w/w) fibers, and 1.5% (w/w) protein, was first hydrolyzed using amylases at 60 degrees c. the hydrolysis yielded approximately 100% recovery of starch converted to glucose and 17.9% recovery of protein. the resulting corn meal hydrolyzate was then used, after sterilization, for fermentation stu ... | 2002 | 11848378 |
| kinetics of homoacetic fermentation of lactate by clostridium formicoaceticum. | clostridium formicoaceticum homofermentatively converted lactate to acetate at mesophilic temperatures (30 to 42 degrees c) and at phs between 6.6 and 9.6. the production of acetate was found to be growth associated. approximately 0.96 g of acetic acid and 0.066 g of cells were formed from each gram of lactic acid consumed at 37 degrees c. the concentration of the substrate (lactate) had little or no effect on the growth rate; however, the fermentation was inhibited by acetic acid. the bacterium ... | 1987 | 16347325 |
| anaerovirgula multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel spore-forming, alkaliphilic anaerobe isolated from owens lake, california, usa. | a novel, alkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium, strain scat, was isolated from mud sediments of a soda lake in california, usa. the rod-shaped cells were motile, gram-positive, formed spores and were 0.4-0.5x2.5-5.0 microm in size. growth occurred within the ph range 6.7-10.0 and was optimal at ph 8.5. the temperature range for growth was 10-45 degrees c, with optimal growth at 35 degrees c. nacl was required for growth. growth occurred at 0.5-9.0% (w/v) nacl and was optimal at 1-2% (w/v) ... | 2006 | 17082402 |
| defined bacterial culture development for methane generation from lactose. | the defined microbial cultures for methane generation from lactose were investigated. a mixed culture consisting of homolactic (streptococcus lactis), homoacetic (clostridium formicoaceticum), and acetate-utilizing methanogenic (methanococcus mazei) bacteria was used to convert lactose and whey permeate to methane at mesophilic temperatures (35-37 degrees c) and a ph around 7.0. lactose was first converted to lactic acid by s. lactis, then to acetic acid by c. formicoaceticum, and finally to met ... | 1988 | 18584715 |
| kinetics and mathematical modeling of homoacetic fermentation of lactate by clostridium formicoaceticum. | fermentation kinetics of clostridium formicoaceticum grown on lactate at ph 7.0 and 35 degrees c was studied. acetate was the only fermentation product and its production was growth associated. the growth of this bacterium was insensitive to the lactate concentrations studied, but was inhibited by acetic acid. a monod-type expression with product inhibition similar to the noncompetitive inhibition of enzyme kinetics was used to model the batch fermentation. an integrated equation was developed a ... | 1988 | 18587787 |
| effects of ph and acetic acid on homoacetic fermentation of lactate by clostridium formicoaceticum. | clostridium formicoaceticum homofermentatively converts lactate to acetate at 37 degrees c and ph 6.6-9.6. however, this fermentation is strongly inhibited by acetic acid at acidic ph. the specific growth rate of this organism decreased from a maximum at ph 7.6 to zero at ph 6.6. this inhibition effect was found to be attributed to both h(+) and undissociated acetic acid. at ph values below 7.6, the h(+) inhibited the fermentation following non-competitive inhibition kinetics. the acetic acid in ... | 1989 | 18588200 |
| complete genome sequence of the autotrophic acetogen clostridium formicaceticum dsm 92t using nanopore and illumina sequencing data. | here, we report the closed genome sequence of clostridium formicaceticum, an rnf- and cytochrome-containing autotrophic acetogen that is able to convert carbon monoxide to acetate using the wood-ljungdahl pathway. the genome consists of a circular chromosome (4.59 mb). | 2017 | 28546497 |