| regulation and properties of an invertase from clostridium pasteurianum. | an intracellular invertase was induced in cultures of clostridium pasteurianum utilizing sucrose as its carbon source for growth. this enzyme synthesis could be repressed by the addition of fructose of a sucrose-growing culture. in contrast, invertase activity was not affected by the addition of glucose to sucrose-growing cells and this enzyme could be induced in a glucose-metabolizing culture by the addition of sucrose. this enzyme was purified 10.5-fold over the induced lese, ec 3.2.1.26) by s ... | 1975 | 140 |
| the internal-alkaline ph gradient, sensitive to uncoupler and atpase inhibitor, in growing clostridium pasteurianum. | 1. the intracellular ph was measured in growing clostridium pasteurianum with and acid-base equilibrium distribution method. 14cdimethyloxazolidinedione, 14methylamine and 14cacetic acid were used as "deltaph-indicators". during growth the extracellular ph decreased from 7.1 to 5.1; simultaneously the intracellular ph changed from 7.5 to 5.9. thus, the intracellular ph was more alkaline than the extracellular ph by 0.4 to 0.8 ph-units. 2. this ph gradient (interior alkaline) was abolished by the ... | 1975 | 237 |
| transport of molybdate by clostridium pasteurianum. | the transport of 99moo42- into dinitrogen-fixing cells of clostridium pasteurianum was investigated. transport of molybdate in this organism is energy dependent; sucrose is required in the minimal media, and the system is inhibited by the glycolysis inhibitors, naf, iodoacetic acid, and arsenate. the cells accumulate molybdate against a concentration gradient, and the uptake shows a marked dependence on temperature (optimum 37 c) and ph (optimum 6.0). the rate of molybdate uptake with increasing ... | 1975 | 364 |
| effects of strong electrolyte upon the activity of clostridium perfringens sialidase toward sialyllactose and sialoglycolipids. | clostridium perfringens sialidase was purified by affinity chromatography. kinetic properties of the enzyme were examined with sialyllactose and with mixed sialoglycolipids (gangliosides) as substrates. with the latter substrate in 0.01 m tris-acete in the absence of strong electrolyte, the ph optimum for enzymatic activity was 6.8. addition of strong electrolyte (0.01 to 0.10 m nac1) to the reaction medium caused an acidic shift and a broadening of the ph optimum, enzymatic activity at ph 5.8 r ... | 1975 | 384 |
| phospholipases. iii. effects of ionic surfactants on the phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of unsonicated egg lecithin liposomes. | apparent values of km and vmax have been measured for catalysis of hydrolysis of unsonicated egg lecithin liposomes, activated through addition of 0.4 m n-hexanol, by phospholipases a2 from bee and snake venoms and by phospholipase c from clostridium welchii as a function of the concentration of three surfactants: hexadecylamine, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and dihexadecyl phosphate. for all three enzymes, values of km and vmax show little or no dependence on the concentration of these i ... | 1975 | 506 |
| experimental diarrhea in cynomolgus monkeys by oral administration with clostridium perfringens type a viable cells or enterotoxin. | purified c. perfringens type a enterotoxin fed orally in an amount of 5 mg caused both vomiting and diarrhea in the monkey only when the gastric juice had been neutralized. exposure of enterotoxin to ph 4.0 or below rapidly destroyed the activity. all three monkeys receiving sodium bicarbonate and 2.4 x 10(10) viable cells grown in ds medium developed diarrhea, and only one of them vomited once. the diarrhea lasted for 13, 18 and 19 hr. the symptoms were similar to those reported in human cases ... | 1975 | 525 |
| action of neuraminidases isolated from diplococcus pneumoniae and clostridium perfringens on the viscosity and elastic properties of bronchial secretions. | | 1975 | 1124 |
| alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated bile acids. | | 1976 | 1165 |
| the size ph, and redox potential of the cecum in mice associated with various microbial floras. | cecal size and in situ redox potential and ph of cecal contents were determined in conventionally reared mice and mice reared under a variety of gnotobiotic conditions: germfree, monoassociated with a cecal clostridium sp., hexaflora-associated and thermoduric polyflora-associated. the mean eh was approximately +200 mv in germfree and -200 mv in conventional mice. the eh was close to zero in the monoassociated mice, thus occupying a position intermediate between the germfree and conventional mic ... | 1976 | 2933 |
| comparative study of neuraminidases from "diplococcus pneumoniae" and "clostridium perfringens". | neuraminidases have been purified from the culture medium of two microorganisms, one aerobic, diplococcus neumoniae, the other anaerobic, clostridium perfringens. the enzymatic properties of the 2 neuraminidases have been studied (ph optimum; effect of cations; activity toward different substrates: neuraminyllactose, dilactaminyllacto-n-tetraose, gangliosides, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, collocalia glycoprotein, ovine submaxillary mucin, porcin intestinal and human bronchial mucins). | 1975 | 3129 |
| regulation of the nadh and nadph-ferredoxin oxidoreductases in clostridia of the butyric group. | nadh and nadph-ferredoxin oxidoreductases have been studied in clostridium acetobutylicum, cl. tyrobutyricum and cl. pasteurianum. the study of the distribution and regulation of these enzymatic activities in well-defined culture conditions, reveals that the essential function of nadph-ferredoxin oxidoreductase is to produce nadph, while nadh-ferredoxin oxidoreductase can, depending on cellular conditions, produce or oxidize nadh. when these clostridia use glycolysis, regulation of the nadh-ferr ... | 1976 | 3218 |
| apparent oxidation-reduction potential of clostridium acidi-urici ferredoxin. effect of ph, ionic strength, and amino acid replacements. | the effects of ph and ionic strength on the midpoint reduction potential (emp) of clostridium acidi-urici ferredoxin were determined using hydrogen gas and hydrogenase. the emp of native ferredoxin at 24-25 degrees in 0.1 m tris-chloride buffer, ph 7.0, is--0.434 v. in the ph range examined, the emp becomes approximately 13 mv more negative per each ph unit increase. a plot of the log of ionic strength versus the apparent emp of ferredoxin in 0.1 m tris-chloride buffer, ph 7.5, was linear over t ... | 1976 | 3503 |
| the effect of silver ion binding and ph on the buoyant density of dna and its use in fractionating heterogeneous dna. | 1. the effect of ph on the buoyant density of the complexes of ag+ with dna has been studied using 3h-labeled human dna and several bacterial dnas to determine the conditions necessary for the maximum resolution of compositional heterogeneity. in neutral cs2so4 density gradients, ag+ complexes with (g - c)-rich components are always denser than those with (a - t)-rich components, since (g - c)rich dnas have a larger affinity for ag+ than (a - t)-rich dnas and their complexes are denser than (a - ... | 1976 | 4104 |
| an extracellular aminopeptidase from clostridium histolyticum. | an aminopeptidase was isolated from the culture filtrate of clostridium histolyticum and purified to homogeneity. absence of endopeptidase activity in the purified preparation was demonstrated. gel filtration on a calibrated column indicates an apparent molecular weight of 340000 for the native enzyme. gel electrophoresis of the denatured enzyme in the presence of dodecylsulfate in constant acrylamide concentration and in a concentration gradient, resulted in the appearance of a single component ... | 1976 | 4318 |
| relationship between hemagglutinin and sialidase from clostridium perfringens cn3870: chromatographic characterization of the biologically active proteins. | biochemical characterization of hemagglutinin and sialidase activities from clostridium perfringens strain cn3870 revealed that this strain produced three sialidase enzymes that were separable to gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the molecular weights of sialidase i, ii, and iii activities were 310,000 +/- 10,000, 105,000 +/- 4,000 and 64,000 +/- 2,000, respectively, the first figure being an approximate value only. | 1976 | 4434 |
| relationship between hemagglutinin and sialidase from clostridium perfringens cn3870: gel filtration of mutant and reverant activities. | gel filtration of supernatant fluids, from the wild-type clostridium perfringens, strain cn3870, and several of the mutants and reverants derived from this strain, showed that these mutants failed to product detectable amounts of still produced sialidase iii activity. the reverants tested had regained the ability to produce approximately wild-type levels of the i and ii forms of both activities. these results showthat there is a direct relationship between the production of the i form and hemagg ... | 1976 | 4435 |
| chemical manipulation of the heat resistance of clostridium botulinum spores. | the chemical forms of clostridium botulinum 62a and 213b were prepared, and their heat resistances were determined in several heating media, including some low-acid foods. the heat resistance of c. botulinum spores can be manipulated up and down by changing chemical forms between the resistant calcium form and the sensitive hydrogen form. the resistant chemical form of type b spores has about three times the classical po4 resistance at 235 f (112.8 c). as measured in peas and asparagus, both typ ... | 1976 | 5056 |
| the tom gibson memorial lecture. the microbiological role of nitrite in meat products. | | 1976 | 5778 |
| extraction and concentration of clostridium botulinum toxins from specimens (author's transl). | in order to detect minimal amounts of clostridium botulinum toxins in animal tissue or food specimens it is necessary to use an extraction method which results in concentration of the botulinal toxins. in the present examinations, artificially contaminated canned beans were used to develop a suitable procedure for extraction and concentration of botulinal toxins a-e. the procedure consisted of 4 steps: 1. canned beans were diluted 1:2 with 0.1 m phosphate buffer ph 6.0. 2. the diluted material w ... | 1976 | 5836 |
| soil microflora of the rhizosphere of plants from several habitats in the botanical garden in poznań. | the abundance and activity of certain groups of soil microorganisms were estimated in the rhizosphere of 13 plants from four different habitats at several dates. an additional study was made of the rhizosphere microflora of ledum palustre from a peat-bog. numbers of proteolytic, nitrate assimilating, denitrifying, and cellulolytic bacteria were estimated. the intensity of ammonification, nitrification and clostridium growth was estimated. the studies have revealed that the abundance and the acti ... | 1975 | 5857 |
| proton-motive force in the obligately anaerobic bacterium clostridium pasteurianum: a role in galactose and gluconate uptake. | | 1975 | 6313 |
| self-assembly of the hexagonally and tetragonally arranged subunits of bacterial surface layers and their reattachment to cell walls. | | 1976 | 6800 |
| non-heme iron proteins. the amino acid sequence of rubredoxin from desulfovibrio vulgaris. | a non-heme iron protein, rubredoxin has been isolated from the sulfate-reducing bacterium, desulfovibrio vulgaris, strain hildenborough. the complete amino acid sequence has been established. the 52 amino acid residues of the protein were aligned with the aid of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides and of a fragment produced by cleavage of the asn-gly bond (22-23) by hydroxylamine. the sequence of the first 30 residues of the molecule was determined using an automatic sequenator, after removal of t ... | 1976 | 7308 |
| properties of enzymes from clostridium thermoaceticum and clostridium formicoaceticum. | methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from c. thermoaceticum and c. formicoaceticum have been purified to homogeneity and compared. the two enzymes are very similar physically, chemically, and kinetically, but he c. thermoaceticum enzyme has a higher thermostablility, which is an intrinsic property of the protein. formate dehydrogenase enzymes from both bacteria require selenite and tungstate for formation and these enzymes also appear to have similar properties, although the c. thermoaceticum ... | 1976 | 7468 |
| inhibition of clostridium perfringens by heated combinations of nitrite, sulfur, and ferrous or ferric ions. | heating mixtures of sodium nitrite, cysteine, and either ferrous sulfate or ferric chloride at 121 c for 20 min at ph 6.5 or 6.3 produced a potent inhibitor of clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores when added to previously heat-sterilized fluid thioglycolate medium. when the mixtures containing feso4 at ph 5.2 or fecl3 at ph 2.7 were heated, the inhibitory effect was not produced. these responses seem to eliminate the possibility that cysteine nitrosothiol is the agent responsible ... | 1976 | 8004 |
| purification of properties of dihydroorotase, a zinc-containing metalloenzyme in clostridium oroticum. | dihydroorotase +4,5-l-dihydro-orotate amidohydrolase ec 3.5.2.3), which catalyzes the reversible cyclization of n-carbamyl-l-aspartate to l-dihydroorotate, has been purified from orotate-grown clostridium oroticum. the enzyme is homogeneous when subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and is stable at ph 7.6 in 0.3 m nacl containing 10 mum znso4. the enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 110,000. sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, using three different buffer systems, i ... | 1976 | 8424 |
| bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants: an in-vivo study. | weekly faecal specimens from 18 babies were examined during the first 8 weeks of life. eight infants were breast fed, ten were bottle-fed. all suckling infants received supplementary feeds for the first 8 days. a buffer consisting of acetic acid and acetate was demonstrated in the faeces of all the breast-fed infants at some time during the period of examination. this buffer was rarely detected during the 1st week of life when supplementary feeds were given, and buffer already present gradually ... | 1976 | 8646 |
| bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants: an in-vitro study. | in-vitro studies showed that a number of factors are likely to influence the production and maintenance of a bifidobacillary flora and low ph in the faeces of newborn infants. considerable importance is attached to the nature of the end products of bacterial metabolism in the large intestine. thus, there is evidence to suggest that acetic acid and other metabolites of intraluminal bacterial growth suppress the growth of gram-negative organisms, but are without effect upon that of bifidobacteria. ... | 1976 | 8647 |
| serologic properties of strains of cl. perfringens isolated from the intestinal contents of healthy subjects. | a study was made of the quantitative content in the intestine of c1. perfringens strains in 6 healthy persons who stayed in a hermetically sealed space for 1 month and for 1 year. c1. perfingens strains were isolated from the fecal samples of each of the volunteers at various periods of the trial. a total of 570 strains of c1. perfringens of type a with anticellular sera obtained to the strains of various serological groups were studied. serological properties of c1. perfringens strains of type ... | 1976 | 8938 |
| continuous hydrogen production by immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum. | | 1976 | 9145 |
| stable l-forms of clostridium perfringens and their growth on glass surfaces. | l-forms of clostridium perfringens were induced in brain heart infusion broth containing 10% sucrose and 2 units of penicillin. after a few hours of growth, spheroplasts, granules, and elongated bacilli were apparent. at 24-h intervals, serial subcultures were made in the above medium which resulted in a culture composed entirely of spheroplasts (or protoplasts) and granules. upon the withdrawal of penicillin these l-form cultures grew well and, after 100 passages, there was no reversion to the ... | 1976 | 9192 |
| on the mechanism and some properties of vinylacetyl-coa delta-isomerase of clostridium kluyveri. | vinylacetyl-coa delta-isomerase from clostridium kluyveri grown on ethanol/acetate was purified 32-fold. the enzyme is rather labile. all experiments were conducted with the substrate analog thioester of vinylacetic acid and n-acetylchysteamine (vinylacetyl-setnac (1 f)). 3-butinoyl-setnac is a strong inhibitor of the isomerase. the hydrogen transfer from the alpha-position of vinylacetyl-setnac to the gamma-position of 2-butenoyl-setnac (1f leads to 2 f) occurs partially intramolecularly (40-50 ... | 1976 | 9349 |
| biological properties of cl. perfringens type a, isolated from human subjects inhabiting a hermetic chamber. | this paper gives the results of quantifying and studying the biological properties of cl. perfringens strains isolated from feces of test subjects kept in an enclosure for 34 days. during the experiment the total number of cl. perfringens increased. it was especially true of the strains with an elevated toxigenic activity. this activity correlated with an increase of the titer of alpha-hemolysines and proteolytic enzymes. | 1976 | 9533 |
| effect of acid and salt concentration in fresh-pack pickles on the growth of clostridium botulinum spores. | the addition of various amounts of acetic acid to pureed cucumbers inoculated with clostridium botulinum spores has shown that outgrowth is inhibited at ph 4.8 but not at ph 5.0. inoculation experiments with whole cucumbers showed that as little as 0.9% acetic acid in the brine was sufficient to prevent outgrowth from spore inocula as high as 10(6)/cucumber. it was further shown that the rapid rate of acetic acid penetration into fresh-pack pickles prevents the growth of any c. botulinum spores ... | 1976 | 9898 |
| production of phospholipase c (alpha-toxin), haemolysins and lethal toxins by clostridium perfringens types a to d. | to obtain high yields of extracellular enzymes and toxins for immunological analysis, type culture collection strains of clostridium perfringens types a to d and 28 fresh isolates of c. perfringens type a from humans were grown in fermenters under controlled conditions in a pre-reduced proteose peptone medium. the type culture collection strains all showed different characteristics with respect to growth rates and ph optima for growth. production of phospholipase c (alpha-toxin), haemolysin and ... | 1976 | 10344 |
| electrochemistry of drug action i: electrooreduction of ferredoxins. | ferredoxin serves as an electron carrier in the oxidation-reduction system in anaerobic microorganisms, transferring electrons from a low potential donor to electron-accepting biochemicals. the anaerobicidal activity of some drugs may be due to their interference with the electron transport function of ferredoxin. two types of ferredoxins (isolated from clostridium pasteurianum and spinach) were studied, and their electrochemical reduction and biochemical properties were analyzed using a sensiti ... | 1976 | 10408 |
| mode of action of nisin on some representative bacterial spores. | | 1976 | 10698 |
| growth and toxin production by clostridium botulinum in moldy tomato juice. | tomato juice inoculated with cladosporium sp. or penicillium sp. developed ph gradients with the upper portions near the mold mats having ph values near neutrality and the lower portions remaining more acid. clostridium botulinum spores in these moldy tomato juices germinated, grew out, and produced toxin. | 1976 | 10844 |
| 3alpha-, 7alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities from clostridium perfringens. | 25 strains of clostridium perfringens were screened for hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity; 19 contained nadp-dependent 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and eight contained nad-dependent 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase active against conjugated and unconjugated bile salts. all strains containing 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase also contained 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase although 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was invariably in lesser quantity than the 3alpha-hydroxys ... | 1976 | 10985 |
| evaluation of enrichment, storage, and age of blood agar medium in relation to its ability to support growth of anaerobic bacteria. | by measuring the colony size of a variety of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, an evaluation was made of the benefits derived from the addition of several enrichments to blood agar medium commonly used for the growth of anaerobes. similar methods were used to study the effects of various storage conditions and age of the medium. the results were compared with those obtained on freshly prepared and enriched blood agar plates as well as commercially available blood agar plates. ... | 1976 | 11226 |
| the effect of hydrogen peroxide on spores of clostridium bifermentans. | the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the germination, colony formation and structure of spores of clostridium bifermentans was examined. treatment with 0.35 m-hydrogen peroxide increased the germination rate at 25 degrees c but increasing the temperature or concentration of hydrogen peroxide decreased both the germination rate and colony formation. the presence of cu2+ increased the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide on colony formation as much as 3000-fold. pre-incubation of spores with cu2+ befo ... | 1976 | 11274 |
| the role of microflora in development of graft-versus-host disease. | | 1976 | 11583 |
| purification and properties of 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage enzyme from a lysine-fermenting clostridium. | the lysine-fermenting clostridium sb4 is shown to contain a new type of beta-keto acid-degrading enzyme that converts 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate and acetyl-coa reversibly to l-3-aminobutyryl-coa and acetoacetate. following the development of a sensitive radiochemical assay the enzyme was purified 175-fold to about 90% homogeneity in 44% yield. the specific activity of the purified enzyme is 44 iu/mg of protein at 30 degrees. the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction was found to be 0.68 at ... | 1977 | 13064 |
| extracellular aminopeptidase from clostridium histolyticum. | | 1976 | 13266 |
| validation of a simple radiochemical assay measuring hydrolysis of choline-labelled microsomal phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase c. ph-dependence. | selective hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine species, which are selectively radioactively labelled in vivo, does not appear to interfere with a radiochemical assay for hydrolysis of microsomal phosphatidylcholine by c-type phospholipases from bacillus cereus or clostridium perfringens. both phospholipases substantially hydrolysed phosphatidylcholine over the ph range 4.0-10.0. | 1976 | 13785 |
| study of the nadh and nadph-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activities in clostridium acetobutylicum. | the nadh and nadph-ferredoxin oxidoreductase have been studied in clostridium acetobutylicum. acetyl-coa is an obligatory activator of nadh-ferredoxin reductase activity and nadh a competitive inhibitor of ferredoxin-nad+ reductase activity. these regulations are the same when c. acetoburylicum moves from 'butylic-type metabolism' to 'butyric-type metabolism'; this demonstrates that nadh-ferredoxin oxidoreductase cna, through its reversible action, meet the very different cell needs imposed by t ... | 1977 | 13922 |
| synthesis of stereospecifically deuterated phenylalamines and determination of their configuration. | 1. starting from trans-cinnamic acid a chiral (-)3-phenyl-2,3-2hpropionic acid has been synthesized using clostridium kiuyveri cells as catalyst. 2. the chiral dideuterated acid has been converted by chemical methods to a mixture of (2r) and (2s)-phenyl2,3-2h-alanine. 3. by means of 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the action of d and l-amino acid oxidase the configuration of the phenylalamine has been shown to be (2r, 3s) and (2s, 3s), respectively. the labelled phenylalanine is t ... | 1977 | 13996 |
| levels of oxidized and reduced pyridine nucleotides in dormant spores and during growth, sporulation, and spore germination of bacillus megaterium. | dormant spores of bacillus megaterium contained no detectable reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) despite significant levels of the oxidized forms of these nucleotides (nad and nadp). during the first minutes of spore germination there was rapid accumulation of nadh and nadph. however, this accumulation followed the fall in optical density that is characteristic of the initiation of spore germination. accumulation of nad ... | 1977 | 14113 |
| intramolecularly-quenched fluorescent peptides as fluorogenic substrates ofleucine aminopeptidase and inhibitors of clostridial aminopeptidase. | fluorogenic oligopeptide derivatives of the type lys(abz)-onbzl, where abz iso-aminobenzoyl (anthraniloyl), x stands for ala phe, or ala-ala, and onbzlis p-nitrobenzyloxy, were synthesized and shown to be hydrolyzed by leucine aminopeptidase. the hydrolysis is accompanied by an increase in fluorescence due to disruptionof the intramolecular quenching of the fluorescent anthraniloyl moiety by the nitrobenzyester group. the spectral characteristics of the compounds are not consistent withan energy ... | 1977 | 14833 |
| intestinal autoflora of the test subjects in a 6-month biological engineering experiment. | during a 6-month bioengineering experiment the intestinal microflora of four test subjects was examined. changes in the composition of different groups of intestinal microflora (bifidobacteria, lactic-acid bacteria, sporogenous anaerobes, proteus, etc) were found. in spite of the unstable pattern of the intestinal microflora and its tendency for simplification, the total number of microorganisms in 1 g of feces remained relatively unchanged in all the test subjects. | 1977 | 15161 |
| synthesis and biological activity of some vinyl-substituted 2-nitroimidazoles. | in previous studies 1-methyl-2-nitro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde and 1-methyl-2-nitro-5-vinyl-1h-imidazole were found to posses interesting antimicrobial activities. we have now prepared some 2-nitro-1h-imidazoles in which the 5-vinyl chain bears selected functional groups (cho, coch3, no2) as well as nitrogen-condensation derivatives of the carbonyl functions. furthermore, 5-methyl-2-nitro-1-vinyl-1h-imidazole has been synthesized. all the compounds, and some intermediates, have been assayed ... | 1977 | 16132 |
| the fermentative production of acetone-butanol by clostridium acetobutylicum. | fourteen different media were used in the fermentative production of acetone-butanol. the highest total yields were achieved in medium i. potato starch and soluble starch were suitable as carbon sources. the best concentrations of potato starch and soluble starch were 500.0 and 10.0 g/l, respectively. peptone was the most favourable nitrogen source. the best concentration of peptone was 4.0 g/l. calcium carbonate in 3.6 g/l acted as buffering agent in the fermentation process. the best initial p ... | 1976 | 16418 |
| clostridium perfringens--specific lysin. | a mitomycin c induced lysate of clostridium perfringens strain kz219 was lytic to 50 strains of c. perfringens of types a-e, and three strains of c. plagarum. the lysin was active against only 2 out of 87 strains of 51 other clostridial species. the optimum ph of the lytic agent was 5.5. the activity was largely inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, and nearly completely inactivated by heating at 60 degrees c for 5 min. | 1977 | 17459 |
| kinetic study of the dissolution of fe4s4(2-)-cluster core ions of ferredoxins and high potential iron protein. | | 1977 | 18167 |
| recent advances in the understanding of resistance and dormancy in bacterial spores. | | 1977 | 18433 |
| the inhibition of thiaminase type i-producing bacteria by other bacterial species and carboxylic acids. | | 1977 | 18434 |
| ecologic features of cultures of the species clostridium gürfelii. | the clostridium cultures decomposing pectin were isolated from flax straw during flax retting. the activity was manifested only at high ph values, the optimum ph being 6.7--8.2. such ecological adaptation of the cultures is determined by the properties of the pectolytic enzyme complex which they synthesize. the complex does not contained polygalacturonase (the optimum ph 5.0) but has a high activity of pectate transeliminase (the optimum ph 8.0--8.4). the cultures differ from clostridium felsine ... | 1977 | 18655 |
| activity of spectinomycin against anaerobes. | the in vitro inhibitory activity of spectinomycin was tested against various anaerobic bacteria. different results were obtained with different media and with different initial ph's of the media. the highest minimum inhibitory concentrations for bacteroides fragilis (formula: see text 128 mug/ml) were obtained with the use of wilkins-chalgren agar (ph 7.2) and brucella blood agar (ph 7.0). brucella blood agar at higher ph's (7.4 and 8.0) and mueller-hinton and diagnostic sensitivity test agars p ... | 1977 | 18985 |
| effect of storage time and temperature on the survival of clostridium botulinum spores in acid media. | clostridium-botulinum type a and type b spores were stored in tomato juice (ph 4.2) and citric acid-phosphate buffer (ph 4.2) at 4, 22, and 32 degrees c for 180 days. the spore count was determined at different intervals over the 180-day storage period. there was no significant decrease in the number of type a spores in either the tomato juice or citric acid-phosphate buffer stored for 180 days at 4, 22, and 32 degrees c. the number of type b spores did not decrease when storage was at 4 degrees ... | 1977 | 18990 |
| reconstitution of a functional proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase from the obligately anaerobic bacterium clostridium pasteurianum. | | 1977 | 19311 |
| correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of clostridium botulinum type a and b toxins of different molecular sizes. | the in vitro sensitivity to acid and pepsin differed markedly among clostridium botulinum type a and b toxins of different molecular sizes. the larger the molecular size of the toxin, the higher the resistance to these agents. tye b derivative toxin was rapidly inactivated, but the progenitor toxins resisted in vitro exposure to rat intestinal juice. the molecular dissociation of the progenitor toxins did not occur in rat intestinal juice of ph 7.0, but did occur in a buffer solution of the same ... | 1977 | 19355 |
| activation of botulinum toxins in the absence of nicking. | the derivative toxins purified from cultures of proteolytic strains of clostridium botulinum types a and f were found to have been only partially nicked but were fully activated. trypsinization of c. botulinum type b derivative toxin at ph 6.0 resulted in simultaneous activation and nicking, whereas at ph 4.5, activation preceded nicking. the toxin was split by trypsin at ph 6.0 into two fragments with molecular weights of 112, ooo and 57,000. the toxin contained at least three trypsin-sensitive ... | 1977 | 19360 |
| purification of alpha-l-fucosidase from various sources by affinity chromatography. | an affinity column for alpha-l-fucosidases was constructed by linking p-amino-phenyl 1-thio-alpha-l-fucopyranoside to sepharose 4b through linkers of succinyl 3,3'-diamino-dipropylamine. excellent purification of alpha-l-fucosidase from rat epididymis, clostridium perfringens and limulus polyphemus (horse shoecrab) could be effected inone step with good yield. an affinity column purification step can be introduced at any point in published purification procedures. the purified enzyme is essentia ... | 1977 | 19490 |
| response of type b and e botulinum toxins to purified sulfhydryl-dependent protease produced by clostridium botulinum type f. | a sulfhydryl-dependent protease (shp) was purified from a culture of clostridium botulinum type f. the enzyme can activate type e progenitor toxin completely but type b progenitor toxin only partially. this may suggest that shp by itself could completely activate the toxin of proteolytic c. botulinum types a and f in culture. the toxicity of type e progenitor toxin potentiated by the treatment with shp persisted, whereas that of derivative toxin decreased rapidly by further incubation with shp. ... | 1977 | 20527 |
| cellulolytic and physiological properties of clostridium thermocellum. | | 1977 | 20860 |
| effect of pressure upon the fluorescence of various flavodoxins. | the effects of hydrostatic pressure in the range of 10(-3) to 11 kbar on the fluorescence of flavodoxins from peptostreptococcus elsdenii, desulfovibrio vulgaris, azotobacter vinelandii, and clostridium mp were investigated. the first three flavoproteins showed under high pressure enhancements of flavin fluorescence of over 50 times resulting from the release of flavin mononucleotide from the protein complex. the clostridial flavodoxin showed a very much smaller fluorescence change. at ph 7.5 th ... | 1977 | 20943 |
| carbon monoxide oxidation by methanogenic bacteria. | different species of methanogenic bacteria growing on co(2) and h(2) were shown to remove co added to the gas phase. rates up to 0.2 mumol of co depleted/min per 10 ml of culture containing approximately 7 mg of cells (wet weight) were observed. methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was selected for further study based on its ability to grow rapidly on a completely mineral medium. this species used co as the sole energy source by disproportionating co to co(2) and ch(4) according to the following ... | 1977 | 21159 |
| properties of four temperate bacteriophages active on clostridium perfringens type a. | four temperature bacteriophages (designated as pf1, pf2, pf3 and pf4) were isolated from lysogenic strains of clostridium perfringens type a. on the basis of plaque morphology, ph stability, dnase and rnase resistance, buoyant density, one-step growth parameters and electron microscope phage dimensions, it seems that these phages are different and unrelated. calcium was required for better phage replication. bacterial strain s107 appears to be the only uv-inducible strain as compared with the ot ... | 1977 | 22105 |
| current aspects of gas gangrene, apropos of 47 cases collected over a 3-year period (1974-1976). | on the basis of 47 cases of gas gangrene collected over the three year period between 1974 and 1976, the authors review the circumstances surrounding its development, the clinical features and the prognosis of the disorder which remains grave despite a well-defined therapeutic protocol combining surgery, antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen. there would appear to be a real resurgence of the disease at the present time. post-traumatic and surgical aetiologies predominate, giving rise to two types of ... | 1977 | 23023 |
| partial purification and characterization of nadp-dependent 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from clostridium leptum. | | 1978 | 23170 |
| some properties of formate dehydrogenase, accumulation and incorporation of 185w-tungsten into proteins of clostridium formicoaceticum. | formate dehydrogenase of clostridium formicoaceticum used only methyl and benzyl viologen, but not nad as electron acceptor. the s0.5 values were 0.9 x 10(-4) m for formate and 5.8 x 10(-3) m for methyl viologen. using potassium phosphate buffer a ph-optimum of 7.9 was observed. the initial velocity of the formate dehydrogenase activity reached a maximum at 70 degrees c, whereas the activity was stable only up to 50 degrees c. the level of formate dehydrogenase in c. formicoaceticum was increase ... | 1977 | 23733 |
| purification of human diploid fibroblast interferon by immobilized neuraminidase. | an efficient method for the purification of human fibroblast interferon (if) based on binding via the n-acetyl neuraminic acid (n-ana) residue of the if molecules to the immobilized neuraminidase has been developed. binding of if occurred at ph 4.5 and elution of the bound activity was effected at ph 9.5. specific activity of if in the alkaline eluate was increased by a factor in excess of 200 and the if thus recovered had probably retained most of the n-ana moieties. | 1978 | 24432 |
| clear, defined medium for the sporulation of clostridium perfringens. | a new, defined medium for the sporulation of clostridium perfringens is presented. sporulation levels exceeding 10(6) to 10(7) heat-resistant spores per ml were obtained for seven strains: ps49, ps52, fd-1, t-65, nctc strains 8798, 8238, and 10240. in the presence of theophylline, a methylxanthine, higher levels of heat-resistant spores were attained for strains ps49, ps52, fd-1, ant t-65; photomicrographs demonstrated a higher fraction of sporulating cells when these strains were grown in the p ... | 1978 | 25045 |
| clostridial sepsis after abortion with pgf2alpha and intracervical laminaria tents--a case report. | a case of clostridial endomyometritis and sepsis necessitating total abdominal hysterectomy which occurred 12 hours following abortion induced with intraamniotic administration of prostaglandin f2 alpha and laminaria tent insertion is discussed. cultures from cervical, blood, and surgical specimens all yielded clostridium perfringens. intrauterine contamination with this microorganism most likely followed the insertion of laminaria tents through the cervical os, which was colonized with c. perfr ... | 1978 | 25807 |
| the bactericidal activity of nitrofurantoin and metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria. | | 1978 | 25874 |
| identity of proline dehydrogenase and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid reductase in clostridium sporogenes. | proline dehydrogenase and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (pca) reductase activities were copurified 60- and 130-fold, respectively, from extracts of clostridium sporogenes. the primary change in the ratio of activites was the result of a loss of proline dehydrogenase activity during dialysis. both activities were eluted in single peaks from diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and sephadex g-200 columns. they had identical sedimentation coefficients (10.3s), as determined in linear ... | 1978 | 25881 |
| activity-electroreduction relationship of antimicrobial metronidazole analogues. | | 1978 | 25969 |
| isoelectric focusing of carboxypeptidase n. | carboxypeptidase n was partially purified on a teae-cellulose column and subjected to isoelectric focusing in sucrose gradient columns containing ampholine gradients of ph range 3-10 and 4-8. activity separated into two major peaks with pi values of ph 3.8 and 4.3. both peaks were totally converted to an active desialated enzyme with isoelectric point of ph 5.2 to 5.4. these results indicate that carboxypeptidase n is a sialoprotein with at least two forms, differing in sialic acid content, in s ... | 1978 | 26410 |
| endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases ci and cii from clostridium perfringens. | | 1978 | 26848 |
| sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of asparaginyl-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins. mutually exclusive glycosylation by beta-galactoside alpha2 goes to 6 sialyltransferase and n-acetylglucosaminide alpha1 goes to 3 fucosyltransferase. | | 1978 | 27517 |
| 21-dehydroxylation of corticoids by anaerobic bacteria isolated from human fecal flora. | | 1978 | 28451 |
| the kinetics of methyl viologen oxidation and reduction by the hydrogenase from clostridium pasteurianum. | a mechanism for the reduction and oxidation of methyl viologen by clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase (hydrogen:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, ec 1.12.7.1) is proposed. double reciprocal plots for methyl viologen reduction and oxidation at ph values 7.0-9.85 are linear, and the plots for reduction and oxidation are intersecting. such data are consistent with a mechanism in which the h2 and one methyl viologen bind (either in order or randomly) with subsequent reduction and release of the methyl vio ... | 1978 | 28770 |
| hydrogen bonding of flavoprotein. i. effect of hydrogen bonding on electronic spectra of flavoprotein. | the effect of hydrogen bonding on the transition energy and the oscillator strength of the isoalloxazine nucleus of flavins was studied by the molecular orbital method. among the possible hydrogen bondings examined, characteristic spectral shifts were found for the hydrogen bondings at n(1) and n(5) of the nucleus. the hydrogen bonding at n(1) resulted in the shift of the first absorption band towards blue and that of the second one towards red. on the other hand, the hydrogen bonding at n(5) re ... | 1978 | 28779 |
| tissue sterility in uneviscerated carcasses. | sheep muscle tissue removed aseptically from control carcasses, from uneviscerated carcasses held at 20 degrees c for 24 h, and from carcasses of sheep subjected to stress before slaughter was examined for the presence of bacteria. all samples from a total of 68 carcasses were sterile. whole-body autoradiography of mouse carcasses showed that 14c-labeled fixed bacteria injected after death remained in the lumen of the intestine. live bacteria did not penetrate the mucosal surface until the tissu ... | 1978 | 29564 |
| establishment of a heat inactivation curve for clostridium botulinum 62a toxin in beef broth. | a procedure is described for establishing a heat inactivation curve for the toxin of clostridium botulinum 62a in beef broth. the effect of toxin titer, ph, and the type of acid employed for ph adjustment on the heat stability of the toxin is described. | 1978 | 29566 |
| electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the redox properties of the molybdenum-iron protein of nitrogenase between +50 and -450 mv. | the midpoint potentials, em, for the oxidation of the characteristic e.p.r. signal with g values near 4.3, 3.7 and 2.01, of the nitrogenase mo-fe proteins from a number of bacteria were measured. they were 0mv for clostridium pasteurianum, -42mv for azotobacter chroococcum and azotobacter vinelandii, -95mv for bacillus polymyxa and -180mv for klebsiella pneumoniae mo-fe proteins at ph 7.9. the oxidations were thermodynamically reversible for the proteins from a. chroococcum, a. vinelandii and k. ... | 1978 | 30448 |
| the influence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide on the germination of bacterial spores. | | 1978 | 31348 |
| isoelectric focusing of ferredoxins, flavordoxins and a rubredoxin. | isoelectric points of ferredoxins, flavodoxins and a rubredoxin from a range of sources were measured by electrofocusing over the ph range between 2.5 and 5.0 on thin layers of polyacrylamide gel. the ph gradient along the gel was measured directly by a surface electrode. the isoelectric points of the plant-type ferredoxins were between approx. 3.15 and 3.35, and those of the flavodoxins close to 3.5. ferredoxin, rubredoxin and flavodoxin from clostridium pasteurianum had isolectric points of th ... | 1978 | 31926 |
| microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. purification and properties of coenzyme b12-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase of escherichia coli. | 1. the 120-fold purification of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase from escherichia coli extracts, to apparent homogeneity, is described. ethanolamine, dithiothreitol, glycerol and kcl protected the apoenzyme from inactivation. 2. at the optimum ph7.5, k(m) values for ethanolamine and coenzyme b(12) were 44mum and 0.42mum respectively. the k(m) for ethanolamine was markedly affected by ph, transitions occurring at ph7.0 and 8.35. 3. the enzyme was specific for ethanolamine as substrate, none of the 18 a ... | 1978 | 33657 |
| oxidation of carbon monoxide in cell extracts of pseudomonas carboxydovorans. | extracts of aerobically, co-autotrophically grown cells of pseudomonas carboxydovorans were shown to catalyze the oxidation of co to co(2) in the presence of methylene blue, pyocyanine, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, or toluylene blue under strictly anaerobic conditions. viologen dyes and nad(p)(+) were ineffective as electron acceptors. the same extracts catalyzed the oxidation of formate and of hydrogen gas; the spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for the three substrates, co, form ... | 1979 | 33964 |
| partial purification of a toxin found in hamsters with antibiotic-associated colitis. reversible binding of the toxin by cholestyramine. | a toxin with cytotoxic and enterotoxic activities was isolated from cecal contents of hamsters receiving lincomycin. the toxin was partially purified by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, (nh4)2so4 precipitation, and gel filtration. cytotoxic activity, assayed on monolayers of hela cells, was restricted to material that eluted in the molecular weight range of 107,000 +/- 6,000 daltons. cytotoxicity of crude aac toxin could be demonstrated at concentrations as low as 0.04 microgram/ml. the to ... | 1979 | 34553 |
| the membrane adenosine triphosphatase of clostridium pasteurianum. effects of key intermediates of glycolysis on its atp phosphohydrolase activity. | | 1979 | 35367 |
| effect of ph on sporicidal and microbicidal activity of buffered mixtures of alcohol and sodium hypochlorite. | the effect of ph on the activity of buffered sodium hypochlorite solution, and a buffered methanol/sodium hypochlorite mixture, against bacillus subtilis spores was investigated. the best results, considering both sporicidal activity and stability, were achieved in the ph range 7.6--8.1. the sporicidal activity and stability of five alcohol/hypochlorite mixtures, each containing a different alcohol and buffered to ph 7.6 and of hypochlorite alone buffered to ph 7.6, were compared. the mixtures w ... | 1979 | 35554 |
| 7alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid by clostridium leptum. | the rate of 7alpha-dehydroxylation of primary bile acids was quantitatively measured radiochromatographically in anaerobically washed whole cell suspensions of clostridium leptum. the ph optimum for the 7alpha-dehydroxylation of both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid was 6.5-7.0. substrate saturation curves were observed for the 7alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. however, cholic acid whole cell k0.5 (0.37 micron) and v (0.20 mumol hr-1mg protein-1) values differed signifi ... | 1979 | 36438 |
| urease-producing species of intestinal anaerobes and their activities. | urease activities of anaerobic bacteria that constituted predominant gut flora were examined. it was demonstrated that some strains of eubacterium aerofaciens, e. lentum, and peptostreptococcus products produced urease. they were the most numerous species in human feces. all strains of bifidobacterium infantis and some strains of bacteroides multiacidus, b. bifidum, clostridium symbiosum, fusobacterium necrophorum, f. varium, lactobacillus fermentum, peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and p. prevotii ... | 1979 | 36839 |
| bacteriocin production by clostridium acetobutylicum in an industrial fermentation process. | high titers of a noninducible bacteriocin were produced by clostridium acetobutylicum in a molasses fermentation medium used for the industrial production of solvents. release of the bacteriocin towards the end of the exponential growth phase was accompanied by lysis of the culture and inhibition of the production of solvents. the producer cells were sensitive to the bacteriocin, which only affected other c. acetobutylicum strains and a clostridium felsineum strain. the thermolabile bacteriocin ... | 1979 | 36841 |
| clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production in tomato juice containing aspergillus gracilis. | the ability of spores of one type a and one type b strain of clostridium botulinum to grow and produce toxin in tomato juice was investigated. the type a strain grew at ph 4.9, but not at ph 4.8; the type b strain grew at ph 5.1, but not at ph 5.0. aspergillus gracilis was inoculated along with c. botulinum spores into ph 4.2 tomato juice; in a nonhermetic unit, a ph gradient developed under the mycelial mat, resulting in c. botulinum growth and toxin production. in a hermetic unit, mold growth ... | 1979 | 36843 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria with special reference to bacteroides fragilis. | it was shown that recent swedish clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria are susceptible to many antibiotics by the agar dilution method with the exception of the bacteroides group versus beta-lactam antibiotics or tetracyclines. strains of b. fragilis were inhibited by 4--greater than 128 micrograms benzylpenicillin or cephalothin/ml, 1.0--64 micrograms cefoxitin/ml, 0.064--2 micrograms clindamycin or metronidazole/ml, 2--8 micrograms chloramphenicol/ml, 2--16 micrograms fusidic acid/ml and 0.0 ... | 1979 | 37593 |
| histochemical investigation of some mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes in the kidneys of rabbits immunized with type b botulinus anatoxin. | immunization of rabbits with botulinus anatoxin containing a number of proteins of bacterial origin causes a statistically significant increase in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, nad diaphorase and nadp diaphorase as early as after 24 hours. after 5-7 days, the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes drops below the control level and returns to normal by the 14th day. the activity of glucose 6-phosphatase decreases significantly already 24 hours after immunization and returns to normal by ... | 1978 | 38281 |
| isolation from soil and properties of the extreme thermophile clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. | thirteen strains of a strict anaerobic, extreme thermophilic bacterium were isolated from soil samples of moderate temperature, from a sewage plant in georgia, and from hot springs in utah and wyoming. they were identified as strains of clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. the guanosine + cytosine content (moles percent) was 37.6 (determined by buoyant density) and 34.1 (determined by melting temperature). all strains required a factor present in yeast extract or tryptone growth. growth characteri ... | 1979 | 39062 |