| synthetic cryiiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis improved for high expression in plants. | a 1974 bp synthetic gene was constructed from chemically synthesized oligonucleotides in order to improve transgenic protein expression of the cryiiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in transgenic tobacco. the crystal toxin genes (cry) from b. thuringiensis are difficult to express in plants even when under the control of efficient plant regulatory sequences. we identified and eliminated five classes of sequence found throughout the cryiiia gene that mimic eukaryotic processing ... | 1992 | 1301214 |
| crystal structure of insecticidal delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis at 2.5 a resolution. | the structure of the delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis that is specifically toxic to coleoptera insects (beetle toxin) has been determined at 2.5 a resolution. it comprises three domains which are, from the n- to c-termini, a seven-helix bundle, a three-sheet domain, and a beta sandwich. the core of the molecule encompassing all the domain interfaces is built from conserved sequence segments of the active delta-endotoxins. therefore the structure represents the gener ... | 1991 | 1658659 |
| purification and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis insecticidal proteins produced in e. coli. | native and single amino acid variants of the bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis insecticidal proteins were expressed in escherichia coli, purified and examined for biological and biochemical properties. a novel, ph dependent, preferential precipitation method was implemented to purify escherichia coli produced bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis proteins, which are active against colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae. cysteine residues of the native bacillus thuringi ... | 1990 | 2116794 |
| heterologous expression of a mutated toxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | using oligonucleotide probes we have isolated a dna fragment encoding an insecticidal toxin of the coleopteran specific bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. the gene was altered by site directed mutagenesis at its 5'-end and adapted for general cloning and expression purposes with a linker including a start codon and new restriction sites. the constructs were inserted into several vector plasmids and expressed in escherichia coli. expression e. coli was strongly enhanced by the lac-promote ... | 1990 | 2323547 |
| proteolytic processing of a coleopteran-specific delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | insecticidal protein delta-endotoxin crystals harvested from sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis contain a major polypeptide of 67 kda and minor polypeptides of 73, 72, 55 and 46 kda. during sporulation, only the 73 kda polypeptide could be detected at stage i. the 67 kda polypeptide was first detected at stage ii and increased in concentration throughout the later stages of sporulation and after crystal release, with a concomitant decrease in the 73 kda polypeptide. t ... | 1989 | 2549968 |
| x-ray analysis of the crystalline parasporal inclusion in bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | | 1988 | 2832614 |
| nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis toxic against coleoptera. | | 1987 | 3658680 |
| elucidation of the mechanism of cryiiia overproduction in a mutagenized strain of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | nb176 is a bacillus thuringiensis mutant derived by gamma-irradiation of nb125 bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (krieg). it exhibits two interesting phenotypes: (i) oligosporogeny and (ii) twofold to threefold overproduction of the cryiiia protein. southern profiles of the nb176 strain showed an additional copy(s) of the cryiiia gene located on a 4 kb hindiii fragment, in addition to the expected cryiiia gene on a 3 kb hindiii fragment. each cryiiia gene-bearing hindiii fragment was clone ... | 1994 | 7830581 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis cryiiia delta-endotoxin in colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we investigated the genetic inheritance of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia delta-endotoxin. standard reciprocal crosses and backcrosses between susceptible (s) and resistant (r) strains were used to determine the characteristics of resistance. analysis of probit lines from the f1 reciprocal crosses indicated that b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin resistance was inherited autosomaly without maternal effects. we estimated the deg ... | 1995 | 7884077 |
| [expression of a partially modified delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in transgenic potato plants]. | a modified gene (bt77) of delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis was constructed and cloned into pmon505. this binary transformation vector was introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing different helper disarmed ti-plasmids, lba4404, a281, and cbe21. these agrobacterium strains were used to transform potato stem segments (s. tuberosum, cv desiree, resy, temp, granat). regenerants were selected on kanamycin-containing media. the presence of the bt77 sequen ... | 1994 | 7990839 |
| a specific binding protein from tenebrio molitor for the insecticidal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | biopesticides based on the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis have attracted wide attention as safe alternatives to chemical insecticides. in this paper, we report, for the first time, the identification of a single binding protein from a coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor, that is specific for the cryiii toxin of b. thuringiensis. the protein appeared as a single band of 144 kda on radioligand and immunoblots of total proteins extracted from brush border membrane vesicles of the midgut of t. mo ... | 1994 | 8166706 |
| [creation of a hybrid protein gene based on bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins cryiiia and cria(a) and expression of its derivatives in escherichia coli]. | the 5'-terminal fragment (containing 1-565th codons) of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis gene for the coleoptera-specific delta-endotoxin cryiiia was cloned. this sequence was extended with either only a homologous fragment of cryia(a) or that one together with in-frame nptii or gus coding sequences. the obtained gene derivatives were expressed in e. coli. the analysis of hybrid polypeptides confirmed the enzymatic activities of bifunctional proteins and showed toxic properties of "insect ... | 1993 | 8361500 |
| genetically improved potatoes: protection from damage by colorado potato beetles. | russet burbank potato plants have been genetically improved to resist insect attack and damage by colorado potato beetles (leptinotarsa decemlineata (say)) by the insertion of a cryiiia gene encoding the insect control protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. a modified gene that dramatically improved plant expression of this protein was utilized. its expression in russet burbank potato plants resulted in protection from damage by all insect stages in the laboratory and in dramatic le ... | 1993 | 8507832 |
| [sensitivity of dissociation variants of micrococcus luteus to the action of delta-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis]. | endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis produced an antibiotic effect on three out of the four species of micrococci tested, showing an activity of 10-23 units/mg, comparable with that of bacitracin. the r variants of micrococcus luteus were more than twice as resistant to the action of delta-endotoxins as cells of the s and m types. enhanced growth of the tested microorganisms at concentrations of antibiotics large enough to inhibit the growth of the s and m variants, but insuff ... | 1996 | 8992244 |
| large-scale production and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis insecticidal protein from escherichia coli. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis insecticidal protein was produced in recombinant escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity to provide quantities of protein for safety-assessment studies associated with the registration of transgenic potato plants. the 68-kda protein is produced naturally by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis by translation initiation at an internal initiation site in the native dna sequence. the gene sequence specific for this truncated protein was expre ... | 1997 | 9114517 |
| intramolecular proteolytic cleavage of bacillus thuringiensis cry3a delta-endotoxin may facilitate its coleopteran toxicity. | the cry3a delta-endotoxin protein inclusion synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis is soluble in alkaline and acid buffer solutions but the toxin precipitates when returned to neutral ph conditions. the midgut ph of susceptible beetle larvae is neutral to slightly acidic, a ph environment in which the cry3a toxin is insoluble. to investigate this paradox we studied the cry3a toxin after various proteolytic treatments. in many cases the toxin was cleaved into polypeptides that r ... | 1997 | 9217464 |
| intracellular proteases in sporulated bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis: detection and analysis by gelatin zymography. | three intracellular proteases were identified from sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis subsp tenebrionis by fractionation with ammonium sulfate. in this study, we detected protease activities at m(r) 92 kda, 81 kda and 69 kda employing gelatin zymography. the major proteolytic activity was due to the 81 kda protease, which was identified as a metalloprotease being inhibited by both 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. the proteases showed maximal azocasein hydrolyt ... | 1997 | 9415802 |
| transition state of the rate-limiting step of heat denaturation of cry3a delta-endotoxin. | heat denaturation of cry3a delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis and its 55 kda fragment was studied by differential scanning microcalorimetry at low ph. analysis of the calorimetric data has shown that denaturation of cry3a delta-endotoxin is a nonequilibrium process at heating rates from 0. 125 to 2 k/min. this means that the stability of delta-endotoxin (the apparent temperature of denaturation tm) under these conditions is under kinetic control rather than under thermo ... | 1999 | 10194327 |
| identification and purification of the 69-kda intracellular protease involved in the proteolytic processing of the crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | the dynamics of appearance of intracellular proteases in relation to the synthesis of crystal delta-endotoxin was studied to identify the native intracellular protease(s) involved in the proteolytic processing of the 73-kda protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. in vitro proteolytic activation of the 73-kda protoxin indicated the possible role of 69-kda protease in the proteolytic processing of 73-kda protoxin. the purified 69-kda protease was able to cause the proteolytic activa ... | 2000 | 10650203 |
| [conformation of delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var.tenebrionis induced by methanol]. | | 2000 | 10732349 |
| [effect of delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var.tenebrionis on phospholipid vesicules]. | | 2000 | 10732350 |
| extreme resistance to potato leafroll virus in potato cv. russet burbank mediated by the viral replicase gene. | high levels of field resistance to potato leafroll virus (plrv; genus: polerovirus; family: luteoviridae) were achieved by expression of the unmodified, full-length plrv replicase gene in potato plants cv. russet burbank. a high degree of resistance was also achieved, but less frequently, by expression of a truncated construct of the replicase gene. in limited testing, neither miss-frame nor antisense constructs of the replicase gene conferred resistance. the degree of resistance expressed among ... | 2000 | 11137161 |
| [characteristic of mutants of pseudomonas putida ipm-36 recombinant strains, selected by anticipating growth on a media containing an inducer of cry3a gene expression]. | induction of the expression of the delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in the recombinant strain pseudomonas putida ipm-36 negatively affected the viability and the growth rate of the culture. in order to optimize the insecticide production by the recombinant strain, mutant clones exhibiting anticipating growth on an inducer-containing medium were selected and studied. these clones differed in such aspects as the localization of mutations (either in plasmid pbtn11, ... | 2000 | 11315669 |
| assessment of screening methods for the identification of genetically modified potatoes in raw materials and finished products. | qualitative polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of genetically modified potatoes have been investigated that can be used for screening purposes and identification of insect-resistant and virus-resistant potatoes in food. the presence of the nos terminator from agrobacterium tumefaciens and the antibiotic marker gene nptii (neomycin-phosphotransferase ii) was demonstrated in three commercialized bt-potato lines (monsanto co., st. louis, mo, usa) and one noncommercial gm-potato pro ... | 2003 | 12537422 |
| colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) feeding, development, and survival to adulthood after continuous exposure to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field. | colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), feeding, development, and survival to adulthood were examined after continuously exposing large larvae to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field. in laboratory assays, the overall consumption and the length of period to become prepupae were determined for larvae, which began as 3rd and 4th instars, that were offered potato leaf disks with naturally declining levels of b. thuringiensis residue. in sm ... | 2000 | 14658525 |
| beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces larval growth and curbs reproduction in spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | application of bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (bt) and expression of the bt protein cry3aa in genetically modified crops are used for targeted control of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the cry3a proteins are selectively toxic for the beetles but the present study describes effects of cry3aa on the egyptian armyworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). cry3aa expressed in potatoes or added to an agar-base wheat-germ diet reduced the growth of s. littoralis caterpil ... | 2005 | 16152673 |
| synergistic interaction between beauveria bassiana- and bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis-based biopesticides applied against field populations of colorado potato beetle larvae. | commercial biopesticides based on the fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana strain gha and the bacterial pathogen bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis were applied alone and in combination (tank mixed) against larval populations of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, in small plots of potatoes over three field seasons. interactions between the two products were evaluated in terms of pest-control efficacy. b. bassiana (formulated as mycotrol) was applied at low and medium label rate ... | 2005 | 16307755 |
| [cloning and functional analysis of the stable plasmid pbmb175 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765]. | a 15.2 kb plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765 was cloned and the restriction map was constructed. the mini-replicating region of pbmb175 was located in a 1151 bp fragment by functional analysis. the sequence of a 4152 bp fragment which contained the mini-replicating region was analyzed and results showed that the fragment had three potential open reading frames (orf1, orf2 and orf3). sequence comparison and homology search revealed that orf1 (767aa) ha ... | 2005 | 16496686 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | the insecticidal crystal protein gene of the coleopteran-toxic bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis has been isolated, and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. a total dna library from var. tenebrionis was made in the plasmid vector puc12. by using a synthetic 27-base oligonucleotide corresponding to a stretch of nine n-terminal amino acids of a tryptic fragment of purified crystal protein of var. tenebrionis as a probe, recombinant colonies were screened by in situ hybridization for ... | 1987 | 16593878 |
| molecular characterization of a dna fragment harboring the replicon of pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | bacillus thuringiensis belongs to the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria. most isolates of b. thuringiensis can bear many endogenous plasmids, and the number and size of these plasmids can vary widely among strains or subspecies. as far as we know, the replicon of the plasmid pbmb165 is the first instance of a plasmid replicon being isolated from subsp. tenebrionis and characterized. | 2006 | 17059605 |
| a novel cryptic plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis ybt-1765. | a new cryptic plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis ybt-1765 was isolated and characterized. sequence analysis showed that pbmb175 (14,841 bp and 31% gc content) contained at least eighteen putative open reading frames (orfs), among which nine orfs displayed the homology with the hypothetical proteins in rolling-circle replication plasmid pgi3. deletion analysis revealed that the pbmb175 minireplicon located in a novel 1,151 bp fragment. this fragment contains orf7 codin ... | 2007 | 17310366 |
| competition and reproduction in mixed infections of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacillus spp. | diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, larvae were infected with a primary pathogen, bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (btk) in single strain and mixed infections. mixed infections comprised btk and a non-pathogenic isolate, either bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (btt) or bacillus cereus (bc). all strains reproduced in larval cadavers, but there was evidence of competition between different isolates within hosts. non-pathogenic isolates (btt, bc) had growth rates that were faster than btk in vi ... | 2007 | 17467004 |
| characterization of a highly pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from common cockchafer, melolontha melolontha. | a bacterial isolate (mm2) of melolontha melolontha was identified and characterized. based on various morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, it was identified as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. this isolate was compared to the reference strains by electron microscopy, sds-page analysis, plasmid pattern, cry gene content and insecticidal activity. cells of the isolate harbored flat square inclusions containing a protein component of approximately equal ... | 2007 | 17575913 |
| [cloning and physical map construction of a large plasmid pbmb165 in bacillus thuringiensis]. | the largest detected plasmid pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain ybt-1765 (h(8ab)) was cloned and its physical map was analyzed. for the cloning, two bac libraries were constructed with their plasmid dna and genomic dna, respectively. the plasmid dna bac library was obtained by partially digesting plasmid dna with bamhi and then cloning to pbelobac11 vector, whereas the genomic dna bac library was done with hindiii partial digestion. with the chromosome walking strategy ... | 2008 | 18338570 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis control of synanthropic mites (acari: acaridida) under laboratory conditions. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins present a potential for control of pest mites. information concerning the effect of bt and its possible application to the biocontrol of synathropic mites is rare. the toxic effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis producing cry3a toxin was tested on the mites acarus siro l., tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank), dermatophagoides farinae hughes, and lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank) via feeding tests. fifty mites were reared on bt additive diets in conc ... | 2009 | 19381844 |