| physicochmemical characteristics of the new antineoplastic antibiotic, nocamycin. | nocamycin is produced by nocardiopsis syringae. it is recovered from the culture fluid by extraction with chloroform. the molecular weight of the crystalline antibiotic is 503, its melting point is 147--149 degrees, alpha20 degrees d = --50 degrees (c. 0.21, chloroform), lambdamax235 and 348 nm(e1%sm= = 150 and 420), the summation formula is c26 h33no9, the biological activity is 100000 units/mg with respect to bacillus mycoides. nocamycin forms salts with alkalies soluble in water. on hydrolysi ... | 1977 | 18980 |
| [gentamycin binding with blood proteins]. | an 'in vitro' microbiologic method was employed to follow up the activity of gentamycin diluted in bovine and swine sera and bound to proteins isolated from them, in the course of continuous storing. it was found that the protein solutions of gentamycin retain their activity for one year under refrigerator conditions (4 degrees c), whereas with the freeze-drying of these solutions storage could be effected at room temperature. it was established through the method of balanced dialysis that genta ... | 1977 | 74119 |
| [3-dimensional reconstruction of the contracted tail of bacillus mycoides bacteriophage h-17]. | | 1976 | 820530 |
| [3-dimensional reconstruction of the extended tail of bacteriophage h17 of bacillus mycoides]. | | 1975 | 1204452 |
| comparative analysis of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and related species on the basis of reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16s rrna. | the primary structures of the 16s rrnas of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus thuringiensis were determined by using the reverse transcription-dideoxy sequencing method. all of the strains exhibited very high levels of sequence similarity (greater than 99%) that were consistent with the close relationships shown by previous dna hybridization studies. the sequences of b. anthracis sterne and b. cereus emetic strain nctc 11143 were found to be identical for a cont ... | 1991 | 1715736 |
| [induced bacterial chemiluminescence]. | oxygen-peroxide-induced superweak luminescence of some microorganisms has been studied by means of the native chemiluminometer khlm1ts-01. it is established that total chemiluminescence decrease in the bacteria as follows: escherichia coli----bacillus subtilis----proteus vulgaris----bacillus mycoides----b. licheniformis----pseudomonas aeruginosa----staphylococcus epidermidis----s. aureus----serratia marcescens----salmonella enteritidis. a hypothesis is put forward on a possible mechanisms of app ... | 1991 | 1861655 |
| bmyi, a novel sdui isoschizomer from bacillus mycoides recognizing 5'-gdgch/c-3'. | | 1990 | 2161522 |
| [derivatives of daunorubicin containing an inosine fragment]. | condensation of daunorubicin or its (13 r, s)-dihydro derivative with inosine dialdehyde in the presence of nabh3cn yielded novel derivatives of anthracycline antibiotics with incorporated inosine residue: 3'-deamino-3'-[(2" r)-(hypoxanthyl-9)-(6" s)-hydroxymethylmorpholino-n4"]- daunorubicin and (13 r,s)-dihydro-3'-deamino-3'-[(2" r)-(hypoxanthyl-9)-(6" s)- hydroxymethylmorpholino-n4"]-daunorubicin. the compounds did not inhibit growth of bacillus mycoides and were less cytotoxic in vitro and l ... | 1989 | 2624594 |
| [immune electron microscopy in the study of biological matter]. | a brief review of literature data and our investigations on the antibodies used for specific labeling in electron microscopy is presented. considered are the problems connected with structure and function of separate components of bacterial viruses revealed by means of specific antibodies. the results of fine differentiation of antigenic components in the case of phages of the colidysentery group allowed to elucidate the functional role of the adsorption apparatus in the course of phage interact ... | 1985 | 3889585 |
| [resistance of dextro- and levo-forms of bacillus mycoides flügge to short- and long-term heating]. | | 1972 | 4643930 |
| [bacillus mycoides variants native to the soils of the republic of togo (africa)]. | | 1973 | 4791168 |
| [the action of microbial enzymes on organic dental substance. 3. the enzymatic action of bacillus mycoides and micrococcus epidermidis]. | | 1970 | 4912216 |
| [defective morphogenesis of the bacillus mycoides phage no. 1 head]. | | 1966 | 4963739 |
| [changes in protein structures of bacillus mycoides no. 1 and h 19 phages in the process of heating]. | | 1967 | 4976076 |
| [effect of medium ingredient concentration on filament formation in bacillus mycoides flügge]. | | 1967 | 4976140 |
| the inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by an organism, resembling bacillus mycoides, present in normal silage. | | 1969 | 4979912 |
| [sensitivity of the right and left forms of bacillus mycoides flügge to uv irradiation]. | | 1969 | 4990416 |
| [defective bacteriophages in bacillus mycoides]. | | 1969 | 4992005 |
| studies on the antibiosis of streptomyces roseofulvus 210 against bacillus mycoides infection of sugar beet. | streptomyces roseofulvus 210 isolated from the rhizosphere of sugar beet demonstrated antibiotic properties against bacillus mycoides. antibiotic produced was of macrolide character, it was able to inhibit the growth of bacillus mycoides in the soil and to reduce the infection of sugar beet seedlings in micropot and pot experiments. | 1984 | 6083710 |
| antimicrobial properties of some plant extracts against bacteria. | plant extracts obtained from feronia limonia (leaves) xanthium strumarium (flowering twigs) and glossocardia bosvellia (leaves) were tested for their antimicrobial properties against certain bacterial species. feronia leaf extract was ineffective on bacillus pumilus and x. campestris, vibrio cholerae was found quite sensitive to this extract. the extract of x. strumarium showed an abnormality with v. cholerae, where the inhibition exceeded the control with established antibiotics. similarly, g. ... | 1983 | 6667916 |
| intranasal caseous fibrinous plug causing upper respiratory distress in two african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus). | two cases of intranasal caseous fibrinous plugs causing upper respiratory distress in two african grey parrots are described. the causal bacterial agents in one case were klebsiella spp., bacillus mycoides, staphylococcus epidermitis, and pasteurella multocida. both cases produced pressure necrosis and obstruction of the naris. | 1981 | 7259689 |
| differentiation of bacillus anthracis from other bacillus cereus group bacteria with the pcr. | variation among isolates of bacillus anthracis was examined by using restriction fragmentation patterns and the pcr performed with arbitrary and sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers. the patterns were compared with the patterns generated from strains of closely related species belonging to the "bacillus cereus group" of bacteria, including b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides. all b. anthracis profiles were identical for each of 18 restriction enzymes, each of 10 arbitra ... | 1994 | 8123566 |
| distribution and identification of proteolytic bacillus spp. in paddy field soil under rice cultivation. | proteolytic bacteria in paddy field soils under rice cultivation were characterized and enumerated using azocoll agar plates. bacillus spp. were the proteolytic bacteria that were most frequently present, comprising 59% of the isolates. they were always the numerically dominant proteolytic bacteria isolated from three kinds of fertilizer treatments (yearly application of rice-straw compost and chemical fertilizer, yearly application of chemical fertilizer, and no fertilizer application) and at t ... | 1993 | 8364803 |
| identification of a region of genetic variability among bacillus anthracis strains and related species. | the identification of a region of sequence variability among individual isolates of bacillus anthracis as well as the two closely related species, bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides, has made a sequence-based approach for the rapid differentiation among members of this group possible. we have identified this region of sequence divergence by comparison of arbitrarily primed (ap)-pcr "fingerprints" generated by an m13 bacteriophage-derived primer and sequencing the respective forms of the only ... | 1996 | 8550456 |
| [antibiotics, synthesized by streptomyces chrysomallus subsp. macrotetrolidi in the early stages of growth]. | spectrophotometric determination of the ionophore compounds and mass spectrometry of the biosynthesis products revealed that the cells of streptomyces chrysomallus subsp. macrotetrolidi during the lag phase permanently contained practically constant though insignificant (about 20 to 40 nmol/mg of protein) amounts of biosynthetic precursors of macrotetrolides, oligomers of nactinic acids. the oligomers of nactinic acids had antibiotic activity and in an amount of 2.5 micrograms/ml inhibited the g ... | 1995 | 8830637 |
| diversity and differential distribution of is231, is232 and is240 among bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides are very closely related bacteria, generally considered as subspecies of b. cereus sensu lato. different transposable elements have been isolated from b. thuringiensis, including is231, is232 and is240 and their variants. the distribution of these three insertion sequences (is) within the b. cereus group has been investigated in 90 strains of b. thuringiensis (representing 61 serovars), in 30 reference strains of b. cereus and in 33 s ... | 1997 | 9274007 |
| identification of bacillus cereus by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) for rapid identification of bacillus cereus isolates. ten b. cereus group isolates (comprising b. cereus, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus thuringiensis strains), five other bacillus spp., and five non-bacillus spp. were used. two types of media, brain heart infusion (bhi) and trypticase soy agar (tsa), were tested. the results indicated that all b. cereus group isolates produced characteri ... | 1998 | 9678183 |
| discrimination of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of the bacillus cereus group by pcr targeting of major cold shock protein genes. | detection of psychrotrophic strains (those able to grow at or below 7 degreesc) of the bacillus cereus group (bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides) in food products is at present extremely slow with conventional microbiology. this is due to an inability to discriminate these cold-adapted strains from their mesophilic counterparts (those able to grow only above 7 degreesc) by means other than growth at low temperature, which takes 5 to 10 days for detection. here we repo ... | 1998 | 9726910 |
| bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov. | previous dna relatedness studies showed that strains identified as bacillus mycoides segregated into two genetically distinct yet phenotypically similar groups, one being b. mycoides sensu stricto and the other, an unclassified taxon. in the present study, the taxonomic position of this second group was assessed by measuring dna relatedness and determining phenotypic characteristics of an increased number of b. mycoides strains. also determined was the second group's 16s rna gene sequence. the 3 ... | 1998 | 9734060 |
| bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the bacillus cereus group. | the bacillus cereus group comprises the four valid species bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. some isolates of b. cereus are known to be psychrotolerant (growth at 7 degrees c or below). here, specific sequence differences are described between the 16s rdna, the 23s rdna, the 16s-23s rdna spacer region and the genes of the major cold-shock protein homologue cspa in a variety of psychrotolerant and mesophilic b. cereus and b. mycoides strains. rando ... | 1998 | 9828439 |
| a randomly amplified polymorphic dna marker specific for the bacillus cereus group is diagnostic for bacillus anthracis. | aiming to develop a dna marker specific for bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species from bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus bacillus, including 61 strains of the b. cereus group. an 838-bp rapd marker (sg-850) specific for b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, and b. mycoides was identified. this fragment included a putat ... | 1999 | 10049896 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of gyrb of bacillus cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, and b. anthracis and their application to the detection of b. cereus in rice. | as 16s rrna sequence analysis has proven inadequate for the differentiation of bacillus cereus from closely related species, we employed the gyrase b gene (gyrb) as a molecular diagnostic marker. the gyrb genes of b. cereus jcm 2152(t), bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077(t), bacillus mycoides atcc 6462(t), and bacillus anthracis pasteur #2h were cloned and sequenced. oligonucleotide pcr primer sets were designed from within gyrb sequences of the respective bacteria for the specific amplification a ... | 1999 | 10103241 |
| the hemolytic enterotoxin hbl is broadly distributed among species of the bacillus cereus group. | the prevalence of the hemolytic enterotoxin complex hbl was determined in all species of the bacillus cereus group with the exception of bacillus anthracis. hbla, encoding the binding subunit b, was detected by pcr and southern analysis and was confirmed by partial sequencing of 18 strains. the sequences formed two clusters, one including b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains and the other one consisting of bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, and bacillus weihenstephanensis strain ... | 1999 | 10584001 |
| microbial glucosylation of thaxtomin a, a partial detoxification. | thaxtomin a (1) and b (2), the two major phytotoxins associated with the common scab of potato disease, were transformed into c-14 linked beta-glucosides (3) and (4), respectively, when individually incubated with cultures of bacillus mycoides in oatmeal broth at 26 degrees c. these biotransformation products when assayed on aseptically produced potato minitubers proved to be much less phytotoxic than the parent compounds. | 2000 | 10691667 |
| microbiological investigation on black crusts from open-air stone monuments of bologna (italy). | samples of black crusts taken from open-air stone monuments in bologna dating back to between the twelfth and the nineteenth century were considered. the microbiological test procedures isolated from a high number of chemoorganotrophic bacteria, each of the samples although it was expected to find chemo-lithotrophic (specially sulfur-oxidizing and nitrifying) bacteria on account of the great amounts of sulphur, carbon, nitrogen dioxides and ammonia in the air. sporogenous and asporogenous specie ... | 2000 | 10872690 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of new arylamido derivatives of 6 beta-aminopenicillanic, 7 beta-aminocephalosporanic and 7 beta-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acids. | new semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins have been synthesized by acylation of 6 beta-aminopenicillanic, 7 beta-aminocephalosporanic and 7 beta-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acids with ortho-substituted aromatic acids, using the method of mixed anhydrides. the chemical structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by elemental analysis and by ir- and 1h-nmr spectra. antibacterial activities of the compounds were determined by the macrodilution susceptibility test in brain-heart in ... | 2000 | 10965424 |
| molecular analysis of two rolling-circle replicating cryptic plasmids, pbmydx and pbmy1, from the soil gram-positive bacillus mycoides. | two cryptic plasmids of two environmental strains of the soil bacillus mycoides were cloned and sequenced. they are of a small size (3377 and 3476 bp) and carry regions homologous to double- and single-strand origins of replication of rolling-circle replication modules. in addition, both plasmids have orfs with homologies with mob and rep proteins, in the same relative position and orientation. while dso- and sso-like sequences are similar in pbmy1 and pbmydx, the putative mob and rep proteins a ... | 2000 | 11078654 |
| homoduplex and heteroduplex polymorphisms of the amplified ribosomal 16s-23s internal transcribed spacers describe genetic relationships in the "bacillus cereus group". | bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus weihenstephanensis are closely related in phenotype and genotype, and their genetic relationship is still open to debate. the present work uses amplified 16s-23s internal transcribed spacers (its) to discriminate between the strains and species and to describe the genetic relationships within the "b. cereus group," advantage being taken of homoduplex-heteroduplex polymorphisms (h ... | 2000 | 11097928 |
| rapid identification of bacillus cereus based on the detection of a 28.5-kilodalton cell surface antigen. | conventional procedures for the identification of suspect bacillus cereus isolated on mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin (myp) agar may need several days. to facilitate the identification of the bacterium, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed. the assay was based on the detection of a 28.5-kda cell surface antigen of b. cereus. bacterial colonies grown on myp agar or nutrient agar were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (ph 7.2) containing 0.1% teepol. the cell suspensions wer ... | 2001 | 11252478 |
| a novel alpha-amino-acid esterase from bacillus mycoides capable of forming peptides of dd- and dl-configurations. | a novel alpha-amino-acid esterase possessing some properties favorable for the synthesis of d-amino acid-containing peptides has been purified from the culture broth of bacillus mycoides. the enzyme consisted of 4 subunits of 39 kda, had an isoelectric point of 7.0, and showed its maximum activity at around 47 degrees c and ph 7.6. the enzyme activity was strongly depressed by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but not by penicillin g or ampicillin, suggesting that the protein is a serine enzyme la ... | 2001 | 11432787 |
| optimization of an oligonucleotide microchip for microbial identification studies: a non-equilibrium dissociation approach. | the utility of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray (microchip) for identifying strains of five closely related bacilli (bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus medusa and bacillus subtilis) was demonstrated using an approach that compares the non-equilibrium dissociation rates ('melting curves') of all probe-target duplexes simultaneously. for this study, a hierarchical set of 30 oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16s ribosomal rna of these bacilli at multiple le ... | 2001 | 11722542 |
| growth-associated production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate by bacillus mycoides. | bacillus mycoides strain rij b-017, a growth-associated poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) producer was grown on sucrose-containing media. phb accumulated in cells up to 72% of dry cell mass. the overall maximum value of phb yield (yp/s) and productivities (qp and qp) 250 mgp/gs, 120 mgp l-1 h-1 and 30 mgp gx-1 h-1, respectively, were obtained at 15 g/l sucrose. differential scanning calorimeter heating curve showed two peaks, one at 95.9 degrees c and another at 165.4 degrees c with a shoulder around ... | 2001 | 11898337 |
| the influence of nutritional and environmental conditions on the accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in bacillus mycoides rlj b-017. | to optimize the nutritional and environmental conditions for growth of and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) accumulation in bacillus mycoides rlj b-017. | 2002 | 11966920 |
| the measurement of bacillus mycoides spore adhesion using atomic force microscopy, simple counting methods, and a spinning disk technique. | an atomic force microscope has been used to study the adhesion of bacillus mycoides spores to a hydrophilic glass surface and a hydrophobic-coated glass surface. afm images of spores attached to the hydrophobic-coated mica surface allowed the measurement of spore dimensions in an aqueous environment without desiccation. the spore exosporium was observed to be flexible and to promote the adhesion of the spore by increasing the area of spore contact with the surface. results from counting procedur ... | 2002 | 12115433 |
| analysis of 16s libraries of mouse gastrointestinal microflora reveals a large new group of mouse intestinal bacteria. | total genomic dna from samples of intact mouse small intestine, large intestine, caecum and faeces was used as template for pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene sequences with conserved bacterial primers. phylogenetic analysis of the amplification products revealed 40 unique 16s rdna sequences. of these sequences, 25% (10/40) corresponded to described intestinal organisms of the mouse, including lactobacillus spp., helicobacter spp., segmented filamentous bacteria and members of the altered schaed ... | 2002 | 12427955 |
| colony shape as a genetic trait in the pattern-forming bacillus mycoides. | bacillus mycoides flügge, a gram-positive, non-motile soil bacterium assigned to bacillus cereus group, grows on agar as chains of cells linked end to end, forming radial filaments curving clock- or counter-clockwise (sin or dx morphotypes). the molecular mechanism causing asymmetric curving is not known: our working hypothesis considers regulation of filamentous growth as the prerequisite for these morphotypes. | 2002 | 12429070 |
| bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides differentiation using a pcr-re technique. | a method was developed to differentiate between bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides and bacillus thuringiensis using the polymerase chain reaction combined with a restriction endonuclease (pcr-re) technique. this fast and simple protocol, applied to pure culture strains, was developed using the gyrb dna sequence, as previously proposed by other authors. strains from international collections were used to optimize the method which was then applied to the identification of strains isolated from foo ... | 2003 | 12485751 |
| phylogenetic relationships between bacillus species and related genera inferred from comparison of 3' end 16s rdna and 5' end 16s-23s its nucleotide sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the 16s rdna and the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its) of 40 bacillaceae species were determined. these included 21 bacillus, 9 paenibacillus, 6 brevibacillus, 2 geobacillus, 1 marinibacillus and 1 virgibacillus species. comparative sequence analysis of a 220 bp region covering a highly conserved 150 bp sequence located at the 3' end of the 16s rrna coding region and a conserved 70 bp sequence located at the 5' end of the 16s-23s its of the 40 sp ... | 2003 | 12807189 |
| isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemolithotrophs from gold mine soils. | a mixed bacterial culture capable of growing in potassium-thiocyanate containing medium (200 mg kscn) has been isolated from bacterial suspensions of soil samples collected near gold mines in kumjung (korea). the isolates were initially characterized by metabolic profile analysis and were identified as bacillus thermoglucosidasius, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mycoides, brevibacterium epidermidis, brevibacterium otitidis, and corynebacterium nitrilophilus. one of the seven i ... | 2003 | 12889608 |
| [guided change of form of bacillus mycoides flugge culture with the aid of prolonged culture on optically active isomers]. | | 1953 | 13057059 |
| non-involvement of lysis during sporulation of bacillus mycoides in distilled water. | washed vegetative cells of bacillus mycoides obtained and treated under specified conditions have been found to sporulate when shaken in distilled water under specified conditions. within limitations of the methods, a heat-resistant cell (spore) is produced for each heat-sensitive vegetative cell present initially. several different experiments designed to detect massive lysis and cell growth during sporulation in distilled water yielded uniformly negative results. evidence is furnished for the ... | 1954 | 13118109 |
| intracellular events occurring during endotrophic sporulation in bacillus mycoides. | | 1954 | 13142994 |
| [streptomycin concentration in the zones of inhibition and enhancement of bacillus mycoides flügge]. | | 1958 | 13558544 |
| [electron-microscopic studies on phagolysates of bacillus mycoides irradiated by ultraviolet rays]. | | 1959 | 13776881 |
| [on 2 forms of bacillus mycoides phage]. | | 1961 | 13921217 |
| phage maturation in bacillus mycoides cells. | | 1964 | 14187913 |
| oxidative burst elicited by bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, occurs independently of hypersensitive cell death in sugar beet. | response of sugar beet cultivars c40 and ush11 to syringe infiltration of live and dead bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, and virulent and avirulent isolates of erwinia carotovora pv. betavasculorum was measured by monitoring systemic acquired resistance control of cercospora beticola, specific activity of chitinase and beta-glucanase, the oxidative burst, and hypersensitive cell death at the infiltration site. priming sugar beet with b. mycoides bac j (1 x 10(8) cells ... | 2003 | 14651348 |
| conjugative transfer, stability and expression of a plasmid encoding a cry1ac gene in bacillus cereus group strains. | the plasmid pht73 containing cry1ac and tagged with an erythromycin resistance gene was transferred from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki kt0 to several bacillus cereus group strains by conjugation. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and phase contrast microscopy showed that the transconjugants containing plasmid pht73 could express cry1ac toxin and produce bipyramidal crystalline inclusion bodies during sporulation. the study demonstrated that pht73 c ... | 2004 | 14769465 |
| [not available]. | | 1951 | 14937013 |
| biocontrol of foliar pathogens: mechanisms and application. | biocontrol offers attractive alternatives or supplements to the use of conventional methods for plant disease management. vast experience has been gained in the biocontrol of plant diseases. prevention of infection by biocontrol agents or suppression of disease is based on various modes of action. pathogens are typically affected by certain modes of actions and not by others according to their nature (i.e. biotrophs vs. necrotrophs). resistance in the host plant may be induced locally or systemi ... | 2003 | 15149089 |
| mics of selected antibiotics for bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides from a range of clinical and environmental sources as determined by the etest. | this paper presents etest determinations of mics of selected antimicrobial agents for 76 isolates of bacillus anthracis chosen for their diverse histories and 67, 12, and 4 cultures, respectively, of its close relatives b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. mycoides derived from a range of clinical and environmental sources. nccls breakpoints are now available for b. anthracis and ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline; based on these breakpoints, the b. anthracis isolates were all fully susc ... | 2004 | 15297508 |
| use of 16s rrna, 23s rrna, and gyrb gene sequence analysis to determine phylogenetic relationships of bacillus cereus group microorganisms. | in order to determine if variations in rrna sequence could be used for discrimination of the members of the bacillus cereus group, we analyzed 183 16s rrna and 74 23s rrna sequences for all species in the b. cereus group. we also analyzed 30 gyrb sequences for b. cereus group strains with published 16s rrna sequences. our findings indicated that the three most common species of the b. cereus group, b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides, were each heterogeneous in all three gen ... | 2004 | 15297521 |
| an attempt to protect winter wheat against gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici by the use of rhizobacteria pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus mycoides. | pseudomonas fluorescens strains iii107 and ii21 and bacillus mycoides strains jc192 and k184, stimulating growth of winter wheat, were chosen for the studies. the bacterial strains inhibited on agar nutrient medium the growth of gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt)--the pathogenic fungus causing take-all on wheat. both strains of pseudomonads synthesized relatively high amounts of fe3+ chelators. the strains of bacilli were characterized by the very fast spreading on agar media. furthermor ... | 2004 | 15478355 |
| population structure and evolution of the bacillus cereus group. | representative strains of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, including bacillus anthracis (11 isolates), b. cereus (38 isolates), bacillus mycoides (1 isolate), bacillus thuringiensis (53 isolates from 17 serovars), and bacillus weihenstephanensis (2 isolates) were assigned to 59 sequence types (sts) derived from the nucleotide sequences of seven alleles, glpf, gmk, ilvd, pta, pur, pyca, and tpi. comparisons of the maximum likelihood (ml) tree of the concatenated sequences with individual ge ... | 2004 | 15547268 |
| an attempt to protect winter wheat against fusarium culmorum by the use of rhizobacteria pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus mycoides. | inoculation of wheat seeds with two strains of pseudomonas fluorescens (iii107 and ii21) and two strains of bacillus mycoides (jc192 and k184) isolated from winter wheat roots, as well as with one strain of p fluorescens (id13) isolated from oat roots, reduced the negative influence of fusarium culmorum on winter wheat in a 28 day pot experiment. the bacterial strains (especially iii107 and chitinolytic jc 192) markedly increased the plant seedlings emergence and the plant biomass (the shoots we ... | 2004 | 15702917 |
| characterization of a diesel sludge microbial consortia for bioremediation. | the organisms found growing in a mixed diesel sludge-chromium metal waste were characterized directly using environmental scanning electron microscopy (esem) and traditional fixation techniques with scanning electron microscopy (sem). an attempt to identify organisms genetically directly from the sludge failed because of interference from chemicals in the waste with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the organisms were isolated using plate culture techniques and isolates were characterized by sem ... | 2005 | 15712752 |
| manipulation and real-time electrical detection of individual bacterial cells at electrode junctions: a model for assembly of nanoscale biosystems. | biological cells are complex objects that have the potential to act as templates for the subsequent construction of nanoscale structures. we demonstrate the ability to controllably and reversibly manipulate individual, live bacterial cells across micron-sized electrical gaps, and to detect bridging directly through changes in the electrical response. our model system, bacillus mycoides, is a rod-shaped bacterium approximately 800 nm wide and 5 microm long, similar in size and shape to many inorg ... | 2005 | 15826127 |
| rhizosphere-induced selenium precipitation for possible applications in phytoremediation of se polluted effluents. | two bacterial isolates were obtained in axenic culture from the rhizosphere soil of astragalus bisulcatus, a legume able to hyperaccumulate selenium. both strains resulted of particular interest for their high resistance to the toxic oxyanion seo3(2-) (selenite, se(iv)). on the basis of molecular and biochemical analyses, these two isolates were attributed to the species bacillus mycoides and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, respectively. their capability in axenic culture to precipitate the solubl ... | 2005 | 15948605 |
| expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine b to gram-negative bacteria. | phloxine b (d&c red no. 28) is a color additive for food, drugs, and cosmetics. it has been previously shown to have anti-staphylococcus aureus activities. in this work, the effect of phloxine b on various gram-negative bacteria and other gram-positive bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus subtilis, bacillus aureus, salmonella, escherichia coli and shigella was studied, along with the mechanism of anti-microbial activity. in the presence of fluor ... | 2005 | 15949926 |
| the plasmid pbmbt1 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis (inta mo14-4) replicates by the rolling-circle mechanism and encodes a novel insecticidal crystal protein-like gene. | this work describes a novel rolling-circle replicating (rcr) plasmid pbmbt1 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis (inta mo14-4) encoding an insecticidal crystal protein-like gene. pbmbt1 (6700 bp) contains three orfs and their putative transcription initiation sites and shine-dalgarno sequences were localized. orf1 encodes a 34.6 kda protein which showed identity with the protein cryc53 from b. thuringiensis subsp. cameroun (24.6%), the cry15aa insecticidal crystal protein from b. th ... | 2005 | 15970328 |
| effect of heat treatment of milk on activation of bacillus spores. | the quality and shelf life of fluid milk products are dependent on the amount and type of microorganisms present following pasteurization. this study evaluated the effects of different pasteurization processes on the microbial populations in fluid milk. the objective was to determine whether certain pasteurization processes lead to an increase in the amount of bacteria present in pasteurized milk by activating bacillus spores. samples of raw milk were collected on the day of arrival at the dairy ... | 2005 | 16013392 |
| insights into the genetic organization of the bacillus mycoides cryptic plasmids pdx14.2 and psin9.7 deduced from their complete nucleotide sequence. | bacillus mycoides, a member of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, can be easily distinguished from close species because of colony shape, made by filaments of cells, resembling fungal hyphae, curving clock- or counterclockwise depending on the strain. two plasmids, one from a strain curving to the right (pdx14.2), the other from a strain curving to the left (psin9.7), were sequenced and analyzed for gene content and replication mode. rolling-circle replication modules and mobilization protei ... | 2005 | 16040120 |
| the autolytic phenotype of the bacillus cereus group. | to determine the autolytic phenotype of five species in the bacillus cereus group. | 2005 | 16238737 |
| establishment of a novel multiplex pcr assay and detection of toxigenic strains of the species in the bacillus cereus group. | five different enterotoxins and one emetic toxin of bacillus cereus have been characterized. to amplify all of the enterotoxin and emetic-specific sequences of the species in the b. cereus group, a multiplex pcr with 12 primer pairs was established. in developing the assay method, a common terminal sequence at the 3' ends of all primers was chosen and a hot start taq polymerase was used to overcome primer dimer formation. the assay was successfully applied to analyze the toxigenic potential of 1 ... | 2005 | 16245717 |
| thermal resistance of spores from virulent strains of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogates. | the objective of this study was to determine the thermal resistance of spores of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogates. the heat resistance of spores suspended in buffer (ph 7.0 or 4.5), milk, or orange juice was determined at 70, 80, and 90 degrees c. d-values for b. anthracis strains sterne, vollum, and pasteur ranged from < 1 min at 90 degrees c to approximately 200 min at 70 degrees c and were lower under acidic than under neutral conditions. the d-values for b. anthracis spores fell w ... | 2005 | 16300074 |
| protozoan response to the addition of bacterial predators and other bacteria to soil. | representatives of several categories of bacteria were added to soil to determine which of them might elicit responses from the soil protozoa. the various categories were nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria, prey bacteria for these predators, indigenous bacteria that are normally present in high numbers in soil, and non-native bacteria that often find their way in large numbers into soil. the soil was incubated and the responses of the indigenous protozoa were determined by most-probable ... | 1989 | 16347983 |
| a soil and rhizosphere microorganism isolation and enumeration medium that inhibits bacillus mycoides. | a new solid medium has been developed for the enumeration and isolation of soil and rhizosphere microorganisms. this medium, named rhizosphere isolation medium, contains glucose and 15 of the 20 common amino acids. the absence of five other amino acids, namely, aspartic acid, asparagine, cysteine, proline, and threonine, inhibits the growth of bacillus mycoides, a commonly encountered bacterium that rapidly spreads on agar media and complicates the isolation and enumeration of other microorganis ... | 1995 | 16535025 |
| diversity of commensal bacillus cereus sensu lato isolated from the common sow bug (porcellio scaber, isopoda). | although bacillus cereus sensu lato are important both from an ecological and an economical point of view, little is known about their population structure, ecology, and relationships with other organisms. in the present work, the genotypic similarity of arthropod-borne b. cereus s.l. isolates, and their symbiotic relationship with the host are assessed. bacilli of this group were recovered from the digestive tracts of sow bugs (porcellio scaber) collected in three closely located sites. their g ... | 2006 | 16542411 |
| studies on bacterial spores: iii. a contribution to the physiology of spore production in bacillus mycoides. | | 1932 | 16559580 |
| dissociation and life cycle of bacillus mycoides. | | 1932 | 16559594 |
| secondary colonies of bacteria with special reference to bacillus mycoides. | | 1933 | 16559621 |
| cell inclusions and endospore formation in bacillus mycoides. | | 1934 | 16559734 |
| bacteriophagy of bacillus mycoides with reference to effect on dissociation and transmission by spores. | | 1936 | 16559940 |
| a study of some environmental factors which control endospore formation by a strain of bacillus mycoides. | | 1945 | 16560941 |
| investigation of the existence and nature of reserve material in the endospore of a strain of bacillus mycoides by an indirect method. | | 1945 | 16560961 |
| a study, with the high-voltage electron microscope, of the endospore and life cycle of bacillus mycoides. | | 1947 | 16561305 |
| demonstration, with the electron microscope, of a nucleus in bacillus mycoides grown in a nitrogen-free medium. | | 1947 | 16561306 |
| preliminary observations on germination of the spores of bacillus mycoides in a nitrogen-free medium and certain properties of the transparent cells. | | 1948 | 16561514 |
| detection of antibiotic-related genes from bacterial biocontrol agents with polymerase chain reaction. | pseudomonas chlororaphis pa23, pseudomonas spp. strain df41, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens bs6 consistently inhibit infection of canola petals by sclerotinia sclerotiorum in both greenhouse and field experiments. bacillus thuringiensis bs8, bacillus cereus l, and bacillus mycoides s have shown significant inhibition against s. sclerotiorum on plate assays. the presence of antibiotic biosynthetic or self-resistance genes in these strains was investigated with polymerase chain reaction and, in on ... | 2006 | 16699573 |
| occurrence and pathogenic potential of bacillus cereus group bacteria in a sandy loam. | the major part (94%) of the bacillus cereus-like isolates from a danish sandy loam are psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis according to their ability to grow at temperatures below 7 degrees c and/or two pcr-based methods, while the remaining 6% are b. cereus. the bacillus mycoides-like isolates could also be divided into psychrotolerant and mesophilic isolates. the psychrotolerant isolates of b. mycoides could be discriminated from the mesophilic by the two pcr-based methods used to char ... | 2006 | 16710635 |
| sequence diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus sensu lato flagellin (h antigen) protein: comparison with h serotype diversity. | we set out to analyze the sequence diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis flagellin (h antigen [hag]) protein and compare it with h serotype diversity. some other bacillus cereus sensu lato species and strains were added for comparison. the internal sequences of the flagellin (hag) alleles from 80 bacillus thuringiensis strains and 16 strains from the b. cereus sensu lato group were amplified and cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined and translated into amino acids. the flagell ... | 2006 | 16820457 |
| inhibition of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate bacilli growth from spore inocula by nisin and other antimicrobial peptides. | the ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. nisin, magainin ii amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against b. anthracis sterne or b. cereus atcc 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent b. anthracis strains. the mics of nisin against the 10 bacillus strains exam ... | 2006 | 17066940 |
| susceptibility of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus thuringiensis to 24 antimicrobials using sensititre automated microbroth dilution and etest agar gradient diffusion methods. | to examine susceptibilities of bacillus anthracis and related species to 24 antimicrobials using and concurrently comparing two methods. | 2007 | 17586563 |
| evidence of a rotational growth factor in bacillus mycoides. | | 1938 | 17821616 |
| detection of large plasmids from the bacillus cereus group. | the members of the bacillus cereus group, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, and b. cereus senso stricto, are largely defined by their content of large plasmids, which encode major virulence factors. here we offer an easy, fast, and reliable protocol for the isolation and detection of large plasmids up to the size of at least 350kb. furthermore, using this method, we report that bacillus mycoides contain large plasmids. | 2008 | 18179822 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichens cladonia furcata, parmelia caperata, parmelia pertusa, hypogymnia physodes and umbilicaria polyphylla. | the antimicrobial activity of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the lichens cladonia furcata, parmelia caperata, parmelia pertusa, hypogymnia physodes and umbilicaria polyphylla is assessed. the extracts are tested on six species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi using the disk-diffusion method, and broth tube dilution is used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). the tested bacteria were more sensitive than the tested fungi. aqueous extracts of the investigated lichens ... | 2007 | 18236733 |
| glycosyltransferase: a specific marker for the discrimination of bacillus anthracis from the bacillus cereus group. | bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax, has been taxonomically classified with the bacillus cereus group, which comprises b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. although the pathogenesis and ecological manifestations may be different, b. anthracis shares a high degree of dna sequence similarity with its group member species. as a result, the discrimination of b. anthracis from its close relatives in the b. cer ... | 2008 | 18287289 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the lichens lasallia pustulata, parmelia sulcata, umbilicaria crustulosa, and umbilicaria cylindrica. | the antimicrobial properties of acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of the lichens lasallia pustulata, parmelia sulcata, umbilicaria crustulosa, and umbilicaria cylindrica were studied comparatively in vitro. antimicrobial activities of the extracts of different lichens were estimated by the disk diffusion test for gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungal organisms, as well as by determining the mic (minimal inhibitory concentration). the obtained results showed that the ac ... | 2007 | 18297873 |
| discrimination between bacillus species by impedance analysis of individual dielectrophoretically positioned spores. | we combine the use of dielectrophoretic positioning with electrical impedance measurements to detect and discriminate between individual bacterial spores on the basis of their electrical response. using lithographically defined microelectrodes, we use dielectrophoresis to manipulate individual bacterial spores between the electrodes. the introduction of a single spore between the microelectrodes produces a significant change in electrical response that is species-dependent. when positioned betwe ... | 2008 | 18407615 |
| the members of the bacillus cereus group are commonly present contaminants of fresh and heat-treated milk. | to determine the level of milk contamination by bacillus cereus sensu lato, 44 samples were collected from a dairy farm and two independent dairies in northeastern poland. a total of 680 b. cereus sensu lato isolates were recovered. based on spore counts, their highest level in milk was found during the spring and summer months. although significant variations in chromosomal dna polymorphisms among b. cereus sensu lato isolates were noted based on repetitive element sequence polymorphism (rep-pc ... | 2008 | 18456114 |