| purification of plasma membrane penicillinase from bacillus licheniformis 749/c and comparison with exoenzyme. | the membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c has been demonstrated to be a phospholipoprotein. the homogeneous enzyme gives a positive reaction for phosphorous and for unsaturated fatty acids, has a molecular weight of 33,000 in contrast to 29,000 for the exoenzyme, and contains 8 to 9 additional residues of aspartate or asparagine, 4 to 5 of serine, 7 of glutamate or glutamine, and 4 to 5 of glycine per mole. the cooh-terminal sequence of both membrane and exoenzymes is -met-asn-g ... | 1976 | 6471 |
| subunits of the alkaline phosphatase of bacillus licheniformis: chemical, physicochemical, and dissociation studies. | the alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphydrolase, ec 3.1.3.1) of bacillus licheniformis mc14 was studied in an attempt to determine the number of subunits contained in the 120,000-molecular-weight native enzyme. two moles of arginine was liberated per mole of native enzyme by carboxypeptidases a and b in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the effect on the native enzyme of progressively lowering the solvent buffer ph was monitored by determining the molecular weight by sed ... | 1976 | 10280 |
| vesicle penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis: existence of periplasmic-releasing factor(s). | in earlier studies of the membrane-bound penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c, the enzyme present in the vesicles that were released during protoplast formation and the enzyme retained in the plasma membrane of protoplasts appeared to differ (i) in their behavior on gel permeation chromatography in the presence or absence of deoxycholate and (ii) in their tendency to convert to the hydrophilic exoenzyme (sargent and lampen, 1970). we have now shown that these vesicle preparations contai ... | 1977 | 12136 |
| penicillinase-releasing protease of bacillus licheniformis: purification and general properties. | the membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c is a phospholipoprotein which differs from the exoenzyme in that it has an additional sequence of 24 amino acid residues and a phosphatidylserine at the nh2 terminus. in exponential-phase cultures, the conversion of membrane penicillinase to exoenzyme occurs at neutral and alkaline ph. an enzyme that will cleave the membrane penicillinase to yield the exoenzyme is present (in small amounts) in exponential-phase cells and is released duri ... | 1977 | 12137 |
| interrelationship of carbohydrate metabolism and alkaline phosphatase synthesis in bacillus licheniformis 749/c. | membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c is derepressed by glucose in complex and chemically defined media. in the presence of lactate, pyruvate, or succinate the synthesis is repressed. the lactate repression neither affects total protein synthesis nor inhibits penicillinase synthesis. thus, carbon sources specifically influence alkaline phosphatase synthesis. although variations in the inorganic phosphate content of the growth media directly affect alkaline phosphata ... | 1977 | 19480 |
| structural basis of the thermostability of monomeric malate synthase from a thermophilic bacillus. | malate synthases from a thermophilic bacillus and escherichia coli have been isolated in a high state of purity. molecular weights of these two proteins determined in the native state and after denaturation in sodium dodecyl sulfate-mercaptoethanol show that the enzymes are monomeric. this conclusion is supported, for the thermophile enzyme, by the result of an electrophoretic analysis of that protein after treatment with dimethylsuberimidate and denaturation. the thermophilic bacillus malate sy ... | 1978 | 28311 |
| possible involvement of bacterial autolytic enzymes in flagellar morphogenesis. | autolytic enzymes were found to be required for flagellar morphogenesis in bacillus subtilis 168 and bacillus licheniformis 6346. two previously characterized, poorly lytic, chain-forming mutants of b. subtilis 168, strains fj3 (temperature conditional) and fj6, each 90 to 95% deficient in the production of n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase and endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, were observed to be nonmotile at 35 degrees c in a variety of liquid and semisolid meida. in contrast, cells of the is ... | 1979 | 33966 |
| application of oxygen-enriched aeration in the production of bacitracin by bacillus licheniformis. | the physiological effects of controlling the dissolved oxygen tension at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 atm by the use of oxygen-enriched aeration were investigated during growth and bacitracin production by bacillus licheniformis atcc 10716. up to a 2.35-fold increase in the final antibiotic yield and a 4-fold increase in the rate of bacitracin synthesis were observed in response to o(2)-enriched aeration. the increase in antibiotic production was accompanied by increased respiratory activity and an incr ... | 1979 | 34361 |
| phosphatidylseryl-transfer rna in bacillus licheniformis 749/c. | phosphatidylserine has been found in extracts of bacillus licheniformis made under alkaline conditions but not under neutral or acidic ones and was derived from the trna fraction. in trna preparations kept below neutrality during purification, phosphatidylserine was the only phospholipid released when the ph was raised to 9.0. the amount of bound phosphatidylserine could be increased by incubating trna from b. licheniformis or escherichia coli with ctp and phosphatidic acid in the presence of an ... | 1979 | 36914 |
| an unusual outbreak of food-poisoning associated with meals-on-wheels. | an outbreak of food-poisoning after a meals-on-wheels lunch affected 49 persons, 1 of whom died. bacillus cereus serotype 10 and bacillus licheniformis were isolated in large numbers from many of the patients including the deceased and from the remains of the meal. clostridium perfringens (c. welchii) serotype 68, which was isolated from many of the patients and the deceased but not from the food, may also have been responsible. food kept warm during distribution can produce an ideal environment ... | 1977 | 69207 |
| [mechanism of metabolic and ionic germination of "bacillus licheniformis" spores treated with hydrogen peroxide (author's transl)]. | spores of bacillus licheniformis 109-2a0 lost their refractility and absorbancy at 640 nm in the presence of metabolizable molecules (l-alanine). the same occurred with spores treated with 4.4 mol/1 hydrogen peroxide, ph 2.0, at 65 degrees c, even after 5 min of treatment. in addition, these transformations could be promoted after 2 min of treatment by inorganic ions (ki). this possibility occurs following a kinetics of activation. thermodynamic parameters showed this activation to be combined w ... | 1977 | 71005 |
| purification and characterization of the penicillin-binding protein that is the lethal target of penicillin in bacillus megaterium and bacillus licheniformis. protein exchange and complex stability. | the penicillin-binding protein that is thought to be the lethal target of penicillin in bacillus megaterium (protein 1) has been purified to greater than 95% homogeneity. the membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins were solubilized with a non-ionic detergent and partially separated from each other by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose cl-6b. protein 1 was subsequently purified by covalent affinity chromatography on ampicillin-affinose. bacillus licheniformis contains an equivalent ... | 1978 | 97081 |
| comparative in vivo nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the cell wall components of five gram-positive bacteria. | the proton-decoupled 9.12 mhz 15n nmr spectra of 15n-labeled bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, staphylococcus auresu, streptococcus faecalis, and micrococcus lysodeikticus intact cells, isolated cells walls, and cell wall digests have been examined. the general characteristics of gram-positive bacteria 15n nmr spectra and described and spectral assignments are provided, which allow in vivo 15n nmr to be applied to a wide range of problems in bacterial cell wall research. the qualitative ... | 1979 | 105756 |
| direct comparison of the subtilisin-like intracellular protease of bacillus licheniformis with the homologous enzymes of bacillus subtilis. | intracellular serine proteases of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis are closely related. | 1979 | 106040 |
| purification and characterization of the respiratory nitrate reductase of bacillus licheniformis. | 1. respiratory nitrate reductase of bacillus licheniformis was extracted from the bacterial membranes by treatment with deoxycholate and purified to a homogeneous state by means of gel chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. 2. the enzyme (mr = 193,000, s20, w = 8.6) consists of two subunits, having apparent molecular weight of 150,000 (alpha subunit) and 57,000 (beta subunit), which are present in an equimolar ratio. it does not contain carbohydrate. ageing of the enzyme appears to re ... | 1979 | 106896 |
| export of extracellular levansucrase by bacillus subtilis: inhibition by cerulenin and quinacrine. | bacillus subtilis b secretes an inducible, extracellular enzyme, levansucrase. inhibition studies were undertaken to investigate the possible mechanism of release of this enzyme. the antibiotic cerulenin, at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, totally inhibited de novo lipid synthesis in b. subtilis b for at least 1 h, while only slightly reducing protein and rna synthesis. at this concentration cerulenin, added concomitantly with the inducer sucrose, prevented the release of levansucrase for a ... | 1979 | 108256 |
| [carbon assimilation and taxonomic study of bacillus subtillis and b. licheniformis]. | all 14 strains of b. subtilis can use the following 17 sources of carbon and energy: d-glucose, d-mannose, d-glucosamine, salicin, d-ribose, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, arbutin, starch, mannitol, glycerol, glycerate, pyruvate, fumarate, and l-proline. all 15 strains of b. licheniformis can use the following 41 sources of carbon and energy: d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-fructose, d-glucosamine, alpha-methyl-d-glucoside, beta-methyl-d-glucoside, salicin, d-gluconate, saccharate ... | 1979 | 114294 |
| estimates of the porosity of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis cell walls. | the maximum porosity of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis cell walls was estimated by two independent and relatively simple methods. peptidoglycan was isolated from bacillus subtilis cell wall preparations and used as an insoluble support for exclusion chromatography of dextrans of known average molecular size. in an alternative approach the leakage of radioactively labelled proteins from bacillus licheniformis cells incubated in butanol-saline mixtures was measured and their size est ... | 1975 | 126549 |
| regulatory factors affecting alpha-amylase production in bacillus licheniformis. | possible factors regulating alpha-mylase synthesis in wild-type bacillus licheniformis and in mutants producing elevated levels of the enzyme were studied in terms of catabolite repression, apparent temperature-sensitive repression, induction, and culture age. the synthesis of alpha-amylase in the parent strain occurred long after the culture reached the stationary phase of growth as a result of de novo protein synthesis, occurred only at high temperature around 50 c and not below 45 c, appeared ... | 1975 | 163815 |
| [kinetics of setting up of a human fecal flora in germ free mice and trial of decontamination of antibiotherapy (author's transl)]. | we have tried in this study to reproduce in germfree mice a bacterial equilibrium observed previously in the gastrointestinal tract of child "l.n.", reared in a plastic isolator. eight bacterial strains were studied. seven had been fortuitously introduced: acinetobacter lwoffi ln1, staphylococcus epidermidis ln2, clostridium perfringens ln3, plectridium anatum ln4, streptococcus bovis ln5, enterobacter cloacae ln6, corynebacterium sp ln7. the eighth strain was purposely administered to the child ... | 1975 | 174472 |
| phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in bacillus licheniformis resolution of membrane-bound enzymes by affinity chromatography on cytidinediphospho-sn-1,2-diacylglycerol sepharose. | cytidinediphospho-sn-1,2-diaclglycerol (cdp-diglyceride) has been covalently linked to sephrose 4b via adipic acid dihydrazide spacer arm forming an effective affinity chromatography column. this liponucleo-tide ligand and sn-glycero-3-phosphate are subtracts for the formation of 3-sn-phoshatidyl-1'-sn-glycero-3'-phosphate (pgp) catalyzed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms by sn-glycero-3-phosphate: cmp phosphatidlytranferase (pgp synthetase). using this cdp-diglyceride sephrose aff ... | 1976 | 175832 |
| inhibition of clostridium perfringens by an antibiotic substance produced by bacillus licheniformis in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice: effect on other bacteria from the digestive tract. | a strain of bacillus licheniformis, established in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice, inhibited the subsequent establishment of a clostridium perfringens strain ingested by the animals. this inhibitory effect depended on the in vivo production by b. licheniformis of an antibiotic substance having a number of the characteristics of bacitracin. if c. perfringens was the first to become established in the digestive tract of the gnotobiotic mice, b. licheniformis also became established but di ... | 1976 | 176929 |
| [mechanism of penicillinase inhibition by alkyl sulfates in the presence of synthetic polyeletrolytes]. | competing inhibition of bacillus licheniformis 749/c penicillinase by alkylsulfates cnh2n+ 1oso3n1 where n was 8--16 was studied. the values of the inhibition constants ki of individual homologues were estimated. it was shown that stability of complex "enzyme-inhibitor" increased with lengthening of the hydrocarbon radical which was probably due to increased hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl radical with the lipophilic areas of the penicillinase active center. inhibition in the presence of so ... | 1977 | 196545 |
| formation of protein micelles from amphiphilic membrane proteins. | the membrane penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, ec 3.5.2.6) from bacillus licheniformis, the semliki forest virus spike proteins, and the sendai virus glycoproteins have each been isolated as soluble protein aggregates that are virtually free of lipid and detergent. the sedimentation coefficients of the complexes were 18 s, 29 s, and 43 s, respectively. mixed aggregates containing both the virus glycoproteins and the penicillinase could also be formed. such protein micelles ma ... | 1978 | 214782 |
| further evidence for a partially folded intermediate in penicillinase secretion by bacillus licheniformis. | protoplasis of bacillus licheniformis 749/c (a mutant constitutive for penicillinase production) continued to synthesize and release penicillinase in hypertonic growth medium in the presence of trypsin and chymotrypsin at 25 mug each per ml. when the protoplasts were stripped of about half of their membrane-bound penicillinase by pretreatment at ph 9.5 or with a higher level of trypsin, penicillinase activity no longer increased in the presence of the proteases. this effect was immediately elimi ... | 1975 | 234942 |
| purification and regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from bacillus licheniformis. | the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.11) from the spore-forming bacterium bacillus licheniformis was purified approximately 800-fold (with a 20% yield of activity) by a procedure that included ammonium sulfate precipitation, precipitation by mncl2, and gamma-alumina gel absorption. catalysis by this enzyme in vitro was specific for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (km of approximately 20 mum) and proceeded optimally at ph 8.0 to 8.5. fructose-1,6-bis ... | 1975 | 235537 |
| pyruvate kinase of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1975 | 237176 |
| peptidoglycan synthesis in l-phase variants of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis. | stable l-phase variants isolated from bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, when grown in osmotically stabilized media, do not synthesize peptidoglycan but have been found to accumulate the nucleotide precursors of this polymer. the enzymes involved in the synthesis of these precursors and the later membrane-bound stages of peptidoglycan synthesis have been investigated, and the l-phase variants have been shown to contain lesions, which provide a rational explanation for the absence of p ... | 1975 | 241742 |
| production and property of beta-lactamases in streptomyces. | the production of beta-lactamases by 100 strains of streptomyces was studied. about one-half of the strains produced more than 2.3 u of beta-lactamase per ml, and another half produced less than 1.4 u/ml. the amounts of beta-lactamases produced by two strains were in the order of those produced by bacillus cereus 569/h and bacillus licheniformis 749/c. these streptomyces enzymes function primarily as penicillinases rather than cephalosporinases. properties such as ph optimum, substrate specifici ... | 1975 | 242252 |
| a precursor form of the penicillinase from bacillus licheniformis. | | 1978 | 309833 |
| membrane-bound and secreted forms of penicillinase from bacillus licheniformis. | | 1978 | 311387 |
| immunoelectron microscopic localization of penicillinase in bacillus licheniformis. | penicillinase was localized in log-phase cells of bacillus licheniformis 749/c by labeling with ferritin-anti-penicillinase immunoglobulin g conjugate. mildly fixed homogenized cells, isolated subcellular fractions, and frozen thin sections were labeled. the label was distributed in discrete patches in the cell envelope. the patches extended from the inside part of the membrane to the outside part of the wall. the inside part of the membrane was labeled more extensively than the outside part. th ... | 1979 | 312285 |
| predicted secondary structures of four penicillin beta-lactamases and a comparison with two lysozymes. | we have predicted the secondary structures of four beta-lactamases (bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli r-tem) by the statistical method of chou & fasman as well as by the information theory method of garnier et al. the secondary structures of all four beta-lactamases are of the alpha/beta type (levitt & chothia's nomenclature), with helices at n- and c-termini. there are about eight short regions each of alpha-helical (30--50%) and beta-strand (1 ... | 1979 | 313376 |
| dynamic structure of whole cells probed by nuclear overhauser enhanced nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the proton-decoupled 15n fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra of 15n-enriched escherichia coli, bacillus licheniformis, baker's yeast, and friend leukemic cells were obtained. the 15n nmr spectra of whole cells displayed 15n resonances originating from (i) protein backbones with lysine, arginine, and histidine side chains, (ii) ribonucleic acids, (iii) peptidoglycan, and (iv) phospholipids. several additional amino and amide resonances were observed but not identified. in b ... | 1977 | 325563 |
| determination of pools of tricarboxylic acid cycle and related acids in bacteria. | methods for sampling, extracting, and quantitating the metabolic pools of organic acids from bacteria have been developed. the concentration of these metabolites was determined by a new gas chromatographic method that can quantitatively determine the levels of lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinate, malate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and citrate. values obtained were confirmed by fluorimetric analyses of five of the individual acids. in escherichia coli, pools range from about 1 to 5 mumol/g of dry we ... | 1977 | 337897 |
| the study of escherichia coli proteases. intracellular serine protease of e. coli-an analogue of bacillus proteases. | two serine proteases in extracts of escherichia coli grown to stationary phase were purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography on gramicidin s-sepharose 4b. one enzyme was closely related to, if not identical with, the 'trypsin-like' protease ii of e. coli. the other was capable of cleaving the subtilisin chromogenic substrate n-carbobenzoxy-l-alanyl-l-alanyl-l-leucine-p-nitroanilide and resembled the intracellular serine proteases of bacillus spp. the amino acid composition of this e ... | 1979 | 374683 |
| respiratory nitrate reductase: its localization in the cytoplasmic membrane of klebsiella aerogenes and bacillus licheniformis. | the sidedness of the respiratory nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacillus licheniformis and klebsiella aerogenes was studied by indirect immunofluorescence and by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. it was shown that the two subunits (mr 150000 and 57000, respectively) of nitrate reductase of b. licheniformis are localized on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, whereas the k. aerogenes enzyme is a transmembrane protein. the different localization of nitrate reductase in the ... | 1979 | 378657 |
| antimicrobial effect of 4-nitrophenylhydrazones, isonicotinoylhydrazones and n-4-nitrophenylglycosylamines of d- and l-aldoses. | the antibacterial effect of 19 4-nitrophenylhydrazones, isonicotinoylhydrazones, and n-4-nitrophenylhydrazones, of 9 mono- and 2 disaccharides was tested with micrococcus luteus, bacillus licheniformis and escherichia coli. | 1979 | 381133 |
| electron microscope histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase(s) in bacillus licheniformis. | sites of alkaline phosphatase (apase) activity in a facultative thermophilic strain of bacillus licheniformis mc14 have been localized by electron microscope histochemistry, using a lead capture method. the effects of 3% glutaraldehyde and 3.0 mm lead on apase activity were investigated, and these compounds were found to significantly inhibit enzyme activity, 68 and 18%, respectively. a number of parameters were varied in studies to localize apase activity, including: growth temperature (55 and ... | 1977 | 401501 |
| reconstitution of active 50 s ribosomal subunits from bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis. | | 1977 | 409350 |
| the production of bacitracin synthetase by bacillus licheniformis atcc 10716. | | 1977 | 411685 |
| on the relationship between glycerophosphoglycolipids and lipoteichoic acids in gram-positive bacteria. ii. structures of glycerophosphoglycolipids. | 1. eight glycerophosphoglycolipids were isolated from six gram-positive bacteria. besides sn-glycero-1-phospho-beta-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol (i) and sn-glycero-1-phospho-alpha-kojibiosyldiacylglycerol (ii), three novel structures have been established: 1,2-di-o-acyl-3-o-[6-(sn-glycero-1-phospho)-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-(6-o-acyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)]glycerol (iii), 1,2-di-o-acyl-3-o-[6-(sn-glycero-1-phospho)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 lead ... | 1978 | 416848 |
| bacillus licheniformis corneal ulcer. | a 46-year-old woman developed a corneal ulcer after an injury to the right eye. cultures were positive for bacillus licheniformis. although resistant to some antibiotics, the corneal ulcer resolved after treatment with topical, subconjunctival, and intramuscular gentamicin sulfate. | 1979 | 443345 |
| formation of inside-out vesicles of bacillus licheniformis. dependence on buffer composition and lysis procedure. | 1. the extent to which the cytoplasmic membrane of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus licheniformis formed inside-out vesicles was studied with the freeze-fracture technique. the membrane orientation appeared to be dependent on the buffer compositon as well as on the lysis procedure used. 2. by manipulating these conditions, membrane preparations were obtained with the percentage of inside-out vesicles varying from 15 to 80%. 3. more vesicles had the opposite orientation when the cells were ly ... | 1979 | 444516 |
| chemistry and biosynthesis of the poly(gamma-d-glutamyl) capsule in bacillus licheniformis. activation, racemization, and polymerization of glutamic acid by a membranous polyglutamyl synthetase complex. | | 1979 | 447712 |
| amino acid control mechanism for bacitracin formation by bacillus licheniformis. | several amino acids affected the amount of bacitracin produced by bacillus licheniformis atcc 10716 and the high-yielding mutant b. licheniformis al. the possibility of an amino acid control mechanism for bacitracin biosynthesis is discussed. the two strains showed a different response to the addition of some amino acids. this indicate that they may have differences in their amino acid control mechanism. | 1979 | 468080 |
| stability of bacterial messenger rna in mesophiles and thermophiles. | the decay of [3h]uridine-labeled mrna was measured in the mesophile, bacillus licheniformis (grown at 37 degrees c and 46 degrees c), and in the thermophile, bacillus stearothermophilus (grown at 46 degrees c and 55 degrees c). for each organism, the half-life of the mrna decreased as the growth temperature was increased. the stability index (half-life of mrna/doubling time of cells), however, was remarkably constant for each organism regardless of the growth temperature. it is concluded that th ... | 1979 | 508760 |
| electron microscopy of the l-cycle in bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (benedek). | electronmicrographs of sections show that the l-phases of bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (benedek) simulate the various types of micro-organism described by previous workers as associated with ostensibly noninfective conditions, notably cancer and arthritis; e.g., mycoplasmas, mycobacteria, corynebacteria and actinomycetes. the stages of the l-cycle, from spheroplasts through smaller and larger 'diphtheroid' bacteria to the fully reverted sporogenous bacillus, differ from one anothe ... | 1979 | 513110 |
| induction of reversion from the l-form to the sporogenous phase of bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (benedek). | the rate of reversion from the l-form to the complete bacillus phase of bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (ble)was increased by a factor of c. x20, by growth in the presence of 1% diaminopimelic acid in a well plate, and c. x25 with a 1% hog gastric mucin spread on the plate surface. saturated riboflavin solution and growth products of staphylococci in wells had a lesser effect. the revertants were subsequently stable when isolated in the absence of additive. the rate of reversion from ... | 1979 | 572431 |
| bacillus licheniformis sepsis. | | 1977 | 578166 |
| control of teichoic acid synthesis in bacillus licheniformis atcc 9945. | analysis of cell walls of bacillus licheniformis atcc 9945 grown under phosphate limitation showed that teichoic acid could be replaced by teichuronic acid under these conditions. teichuronic acid, however, was always present in the walls to some extent irrespective of the growth conditions. the enzymes involved in teichoic acid synthesis were investigated and the synthesis of these was shown to be repressed when the intracellular pi level fell. cdp-glycerol pyrophosphorylase was studied in some ... | 1978 | 620670 |
| effect of various inhibitors on the multiplication of ble bacteriophage in bacillus licheniformis. | a total of 40 substances were tested for their inhibitory effect on the multiplication of a bacteriophage in a growing culture of bacillus licheniformis and their influence on bacitracin production. acriflavine was the only substance which, at a concentration of 3 microgram ml-1, completely suppressed phage multiplication while having no effect on the growth of bacillus licheniformis and on the production of the antibiotic. | 1978 | 624510 |
| production of an antibiotic substance by bacillus licheniformis within the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. | in monoxenic mice, vegetative cells and spores of bacillus licheniformis were enumerated and in vivo antibiotic production was measured at various levels of the digestive tract and in the feces. the apparent independence of vegetative cell and spore populations in the cecum and feces, as well as the marked fluctuations of these two populations in the stomach and small intestine, suggested that sporulation of b. licheniformis and production of antibiotic occur only in the upper levels of the dige ... | 1978 | 626497 |
| isolation and properties of an aminopeptidase from bacillus licheniformis. | | 1978 | 637568 |
| degradation by eco r1 endonuclease of dna isolated from phages infecting bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis. | dna was isolated from lytic phages of two strains, bacillus licheniformis, a producer of bacitracin, and bacillus thuringiensis forming protein paracrystals with pronounced insecticidal effects. its sensitivity to eco r1 restriction endonuclease was determined. it was the aim of the work to find out whether these phages could serve as vectors in the transfer and possible amplification of genes of the two important industrial species of bacilli. approximate values of the molecular weight of dna o ... | 1978 | 648976 |
| evidence linking penicillinase formation and secretion to lipid metabolism in bacillus licheniformis. | the formation of penicillinase by cultures of bacillus licheniformis was preferentially suppressed by cerulenin, an antibiotic known to specifically inhibit fatty acid synthesis in microorganisms. the effect was studied at cerulenin concentrations that had almost no effect on the rate of cell growth and overall protein synthesis, but that reduced the rate of [14c]acetate incorporation (by 50 to 70%), indicating partial inhibition of lipid synthesis. the levels of both the released enzyme (exopen ... | 1978 | 659359 |
| [virulent and temperate phages of bacillus licheniformis, the producer of bacitracin antibiotic]. | virulent and temperate bacterial phages were isolated from the cultural broth of bacillus licheniformis obtained under the industrial conditions when synthesis of the antibiotic bacitracin was interfered with. the following properties of the phages were studied: the fine structure, the morphology of negative colonies, the spectrum of lytic action, the rate of adsorption, the individual growth cycle, as well as the lysogenic state of certain strains of bac. licheniformis. some phages were serolog ... | 1978 | 661640 |
| temperate and virulent forms of phage theta attacking bacillus licheniformis. | | 1978 | 672893 |
| survival of bacillus licheniformis on human skin. | the colonization and survival of bacillus species, members of the cutaneous microbial community of humans, were investigated by applying spores of bacillus licheniformis to the forearms of volunteers. four strains were tested, including the bacitracin producer atcc 10716 and its bacitracin-negative mutant. germination occurred within 24 h. significant differences in survival population and duration were found among the test strains; however, atcc 10716 and its mutant produced statistically simil ... | 1978 | 677878 |
| interactions of bacillus licheniformis atcc 10716 and normal flora of human skin. | to determine whether antibiotic production might be ecologically advantageous in the survival of bacillus species on human skin, we applied spores of a bacitracin-producing strain of bacillus licheniformis (atcc 10716) to the forearms of 11 volunteers. three additional strains of b. licheniformis which did not synthesize antibiotics, including a mutant of atcc 10716, were used in subsequent control trials. samples of flora were taken from inoculated and control (opposite forearm) sites during th ... | 1978 | 677879 |
| effect of cultural conditions on the concentrations of metabolic intermediates during growth and sporulation of bacillus licheniformis. | intracellular concentrations of adenine nucleotides and intermediates of the embden-meyerhof pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been determined during growth and sporulation of bacillus licheniformis in a variety of different media. the atp pool was independent of growth rate and nitrogen source, but the use of glucose as a carbon source resulted in a twofold elevation in the atp pool during exponential growth. the intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate pool was at least twofold higher dur ... | 1978 | 681276 |
| unusual cooh-terminal structure of staphylococcal protease. | the extracellular enzyme, staphylococcal protease, carries a cooh-terminal tryptic peptide of 43 amino acid residues most of which are aspartic acid, asparagine, and proline. this peptide might have a function equivalent to that of a similar segment previously observed at the nh2-terminal end of the membrane-bound penicillinase precursor of bacillus licheniformis (yamamoto, s., and lampen, j. o. (1976) proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 73, 1457-1461). these observations would suggest that bacteria ... | 1978 | 681326 |
| the isolation and characters of l-forms and reversions of bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (benedek) associated with the erythrocytes of clinically normal persons. | thirty-eight strains of the gram-positive bacterium identified as bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (benedek), referred to as ble, were isolated in various stages of reversion form the l-forms, from 28 out of 100 samples of whole blood or erythrocytes from normal healthy subjects, after prolonged incubation. similar results were obtained from 100 samples from hospital patients with conditions not usually associated with blood infection. ble was isolated from only one of 125 samples of ... | 1978 | 682179 |
| oxygen and nitrate in utilization by bacillus licheniformis of the arginase and arginine deiminase routes of arginine catabolism and other factors affecting their syntheses. | bacillus licheniformis has two pathways of arginine catabolism. in well-aerated cultures, the arginase route is present, and levels of catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase were low. an arginase pathway-deficient mutant, bl196, failed to grow on arginine as a nitrogen source under these conditions. in anaerobiosis, the wild type contained very low levels of arginase and ornithine transaminase. bl196 grew normally on glucose plus arginine in anaerobiosis and, like the wild type, had appreciabl ... | 1978 | 690081 |
| bacitracin production by the high-yielding mutant bacillus licheniformis strain al: stimulatory effect of l-leucine. | the high-yielding mutant bacillus licheniformis al produced only small amounts of bacitracin in the chemically defined m2 medium. l-leucine markedly stimulated bacitracin production and restored the mutant strain to its place as a superior producer as compared to bacillus licheniformis atcc 10716. leucine also stimulated the growth rate of the mutant. the stimulatory effect of leucine on bacitracin production is discussed in relation to control mechanisms and overproduction of antibiotics. | 1978 | 696324 |
| alkaline phosphatase from bacillus licheniformis. solubility dependent on magnesium, purification and characterization. | the membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), ec 3.1.3.1) from bacillus licheniformis mc14, a facultative thermophile, was purified to homogeneity in buffer containing 0.2 m mg2+. the alkaline phosphatase purified in this manner is insoluble upon removal of the magnesium by dialysis. this insoluble alkaline phosphatase has been characterized and compared to the previously purified heat-solubilized enzyme (hulett-cowling, f.m. and cam ... | 1978 | 718947 |
| water-borne bacillus licheniformis infection in mice. | a water-borne bacillus licheniformis infection was associated with depressed haemoglobin content, white cell and platelet count. the epidemic was resolved by changing from tanked to mains water supply. | 1978 | 723211 |
| effects of binding and bactericidal action of vancomycin on bacillus licheniformis cell wall organization as probed by 15n nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the effects of binding and the bactericidal action of vancomycin on the arrangement and mobilities of cell wall polymers in bacillus licheniformis were investigated by (15)n nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the bactericidal action of vancomycin led to reduced mobilities of cell wall teichoic acid and teichuronic acid in surviving cells. the decrease in teichoic acid mobility was also observed upon binding of vancomycin to b. licheniformis cells and resulted from a specific interaction be ... | 1978 | 727760 |
| microelectrophoretic studies on spores of bacillus licheniformis: influence of spore coat extraction procedures on electrophoretic mobility. | | 1978 | 738748 |
| [denitrification by bacillus licheniformis]. | the denitrifying capacity of 15 strains of bacillus licheniformis was evaluated. in general, n2 production by the cultures on complex media containing no3- is irregular and quite slow and three of the strains never produce gas. bacillus licheniformis grows rapidly in anaerobiosis on peptone medium containing no3- which is reduced to no2-. none of the strains grow in peptone medium with no2- or n2o as the respiratory substrate, nor do they grow under an atmosphere of 10% no-90% n2. denitrificatio ... | 1978 | 754876 |
| genetic mapping of a bacteriophage resistance mutation, pha-1, and the thi-1 mutation in bacillus licheniformis. | a mutation, designated pha-1, resulting in resistance to bacteriophage lp-52, mapped between gly-3 and pepa1 in bacillus licheniformis by transduction with phage sp-15. the thi-1 mutation was also found to be linked to gly-3. the map order was thi-1--gly-3--pha-1--pepa1--his-9. | 1979 | 762026 |
| [new opportunist infection due to a bacillus. a case of bacteremia with bacillus licheniformis]. | the authors report a case of bacteriemia with bacillus licheniformis in a pregnant woman with coagulation disorders (acute fibrinolysis). eight blood cultures were positive. recovery rapidly occurred. the origin of this affection is discussed : a venous mode of entry is possible, either by the use of contaminated infusion fluid, or following several catheterizations. | 1976 | 775409 |
| membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c:sequence and possible repeated tetrapeptide structure of the phospholipopeptide region. | the membrane penicillinase (ec 3.5.2.6; penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase) of bacillus licheniforis 749/c, which appears to be an intermediate in the formation of the exoenzyme, is a phospholipoprotein that carries an nh2-terminal chain of 24 amino acids (only serine, glycine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glutamine) and a phosphatidylserine that is not present in the exoenzyme. | 1976 | 775489 |
| characteristics of a bacillus megaterium bacteriophage. | a bacteriophage which infects and lyses bacillus megaterium atcc 19213 was isolated from the soil. the phage produces lysis on nine strains of b, megaterium tested but did not lyse a bacillus cereus or bacillus licheniformis strain, nor any of eight bacillus subtilis strains tested. physical characteristics of the phage including morphology, size, thermal and ph stability, and buoyant density were examined. the nucleic acid is double-stranded dna of mol. wt. 41.7 times 10 and 36 to 38.5 mol perc ... | 1975 | 804535 |
| enzymatic adaptation by bacteria under pressure. | a study of enzymic adaptation under hydrostatic pressure by moderately barotolerant bacteria that can grow at pressure up to about 500 atm revealed that some adaptive processes are relatively insensitive to pressure, whereas others are sufficiently barosensitive to compromise survival capacity in situations requiring adaptation to new substrates under pressure. examples of the former include adaptation of escherichia coli to arabinose catabolism for growth and adaptation of streptococcus faecali ... | 1975 | 805124 |
| on the function of the polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin in the producer strain bacillus licheniformis. | the growth of the bacitracin producing strain bacillus licheniformis al and the bacitracin-negative mutant sb 319 have been compared at different cultural conditions. concentrations of the metal chelator edta which strongly inhibited the growth of the non-producer only slightly inhibited the growth of the bacitracin producer. the inhibitory effect of edta upon sb 319 was reversed by the addition of excess manganese(ii)ions, cobalt(ii)ions, or zinc(ii)ions to the culture. the addition of several ... | 1975 | 809996 |
| the partial amino acid sequence of the extracellular beta-lactamase i of bacillus cereus 569/h. | the chemical structure of the extracellular beta-lactamase i of bacillus cereus 569/h was investigated. three electrophoretically homogenous charge variants of this enzyme were isolated and amino acid analysis of each revealed no significant differences. however, a degree of n-terminal heterogeneity was found by direct end-group modification of the protein and also on alignment of peptides from tryptic and chymotryptic digestion. the n-terminal heterogeneity observed was great enough to explain ... | 1975 | 810136 |
| polymorphism of the mesosome in bacillus licheniformis (749/c and 749). influence of chemical fixation monitored by freeze-etching. | | 1976 | 820868 |
| occurrence in bacillus licheniformis of two species of 5-s rna with multiple differences in primary structure. | bacillus licheniformis was found to contain two species of 5-s rna. one of these, the primary structure of which has been published previously [h. a. raué, t.j. stoof and r.j. planta (1975) eur. j. biochem. 59, 35--42] accounts for 80--90% of the total cellular amount of 5-s rna. the other one, comprising 10--20% of the total amount, differs in primary structure from the major species at eight positions. all base changes are either purine leads to purine or pyrimidine leads to pyrimidine substit ... | 1976 | 823019 |
| on the role of bacitracin peptides in trace metal transport by bacillus licheniformis. | bacitracin markedly increased the toxic effect of several divalent metal ions towards growth of the producer strain bacillus licheniformis atcci4580. magnesium ions antagonized the toxic effect of these divalent cations both in the presence and absence of bacitracin. it is suggested that bacitracin increases the uptake of several divalent metal ions. the function of the bacitracin peptides may be to extract essential divalent cations from 'waiting sites' on the surface of the cells and transfer ... | 1976 | 825613 |
| the biosynthesis of muramic acid phosphate in bacillus licheniformis. | | 1977 | 838056 |
| biochemical localization of the alkaline phosphatase of bacillus licheniformis as a function of culture age. | biochemical localization of the enzyme as a function of age of cell culture showed the alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.1) activity of bacillus licheniformis mc14 predominantly in the particulate cell fraction in early- and mid-log cells. however, in late-log and stationary cells, increasing amounts of activity were found in the soluble fraction of lysed cells. upon protoplast formation of these cells, the activity was released into the soluble fraction. ... | 1977 | 838674 |
| morphological changes associated with novobiocin resistance in bacillus licheniformis. | spontaneously occurring novobiocin-resistant (nov) mutants of bacillus licheniformis atcc 9945, resistant to low levels of novobiocin (15 mug/ml), were isolated with a frequency of 3 in 106 organisms. such isolates grew well, but nearly all exhibited consistent plleiotropic alterations in colonial and cell morphologies. one mutant, nov-12, grew as chains of unseparated but clearly distinct daughter cells in the absence of novobiocin in liquid culture. when novobiocin was present, nov-12 grew as ... | 1977 | 838675 |
| role of teichuronic acid in bacillus licheniformis: defective autolysis due to deficiency of teichuronic acid in a novobiocin-resistant mutant. | nov-12, a novobiocin-resistant mutant of bacillus licheniformis atcc 9945, grows as long chains of cells, a characteristic of autolytic-deficient (lyt-) mutants. isolated walls from nov-12 autolyzed at a rate equal to 5% of that displayed by wild-type walls, thus confirming the lyt- phenotype. protein-free nov-12 walls displayed marked resistance to, and also failure to bind, added autolysin solubilized from wild-type walls. comparison of isolated cell walls revealed a deficiency in teichuronic ... | 1977 | 838676 |
| penicillinase-releasing protease of bacillus licheniformis 749 specificity for hydroxyamino acids. | the membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c differs from the exopenicillinase in that it has an additional 24 amino acid residues and a phosphatidylserine at the nh2 terminus (yamamoto, s., and lampen, j.o. (1976) j. biol. chem. 251, 4095-4101). the conversion of the membrane penicillinase to the exo form is probably carried out by a specific penicillinase-releasing protease (pr-protease) whose properties are generally consistent with the properties of penicillinase secretion. the ... | 1977 | 838738 |
| dna polymerase from mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria. iii. lack of fidelity in the replication of synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides by dna polymerase from bacillus licheniformis and bacillus stearothermophilus. | 1. dna polymerase from the mesophile bacillus licheniformis and the thermophile bacillus stearothermophilus has been used to study the replication of poly(da-dt)-poly(da-dt) and poly(dc)-poly(dg) templates at 37, 45, and 55 degrees c. 2. incorporation of non-complementary deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (misincorporation) occurred with both enzymes and both templates. non-specific incorporation (de novo polynucleotide synthesis, random attachment to existing strands, and tritium exchange of nu ... | 1977 | 849445 |
| ultrastructure of bacillus licheniformis bacteriophage ble and its dna. | | 1977 | 855193 |
| vesicle penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c. apparent identity with the plasma membrane enzyme. | a substantial fraction of the total membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c is attached to the vesicles released during conversion of the cells to protoplasts. this enzyme was purified since there was indirect evidence that it differed from the enzyme that remained with the protoplast. the purified vesicle penicillinase has the same molecular weight and general properties as the plasma membrane (protoplast) enzyme and, similarly, contains a covalently linked phosphatidylserine res ... | 1977 | 861224 |
| [stability of the amidine analogs of penicillin and deacetoxycephalosporin to the penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c]. | fermentative hydrolysis of 3 derivatives of 6-beta-amidinopenicillanic acid and i derivative of 7-beta-amidinodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid by penicillinase produced by bacillus licheniformis 749/c was studied. it was found that 6-beta-[(hexahydro-ih-azepin-i-yl) methyleneamino] penicillanic acid, 6-beta-(n1 n-dimethylformamidino-n1) penicillanic acid and 6-beta [(morpholin-i-yl) methylenemino] penicillanic acid were hydrolyzed by the enzyme 50, 70, and 160 times respectively slower than benzylp ... | 1977 | 879725 |
| tailing of survival curves of bacillus licheniformis spores treated with hydrogen peroxide. | | 1977 | 885821 |
| purification of the extracellular protease of bacillus licheniformis and its inhibition by bacitracin. | sporulating cells of bacillus licheniformis excrete three seryl proteases that are of similar size, 28,000 daltons, but of different charge at ph 6. the peptide antibiotic bactracin is released from the cells at the same time and exists, in part, as a bacitracin-protease complex that is stable throughout chromatographic procedures employed in enzyme purification. however, preextraction of crude protease with chcl3 and subsequent gel filtration effect separation of the antibiotic and the enzyme. ... | 1977 | 893345 |
| in vitro production of bacitracin by proteolysis of vegetative bacillus licheniformis cell protein. | the action of a sporulation-specific seryl protease on antibiotic-free extracts of bacillus licheniformis cells yields a peptide that is identified as bacitracin by its biological activity, its spectral properties, and its comigration with genuine bacitracin in both paper and thin-layer chromatography. during proteolysis, a chemical structure is generated with the spectral properties of a delta-2 thiazoline ring. the yield in vitro, 4 microgram of bacitracin per mg of protein, is less than the m ... | 1977 | 893346 |
| structure and function of ornithine carbamoyltransferases. | the reaction catalyzed by ornithine carbamoyltransferase can participate in either the anabolism or the catabolism of arginine. the carbamoylation of ornithine, yielding citrulline, is involved in the biosynthetic sequence; the reverse reaction, the phosphorolysis of citrulline, is the second step of the arginine deiminase pathway. the ornithine carbamoyltransferases of a number of microorganisms which can fulfil both of these functions have been studied in this work. this group of organisms was ... | 1977 | 923586 |
| the hydrophobic membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c. characterization of the hydrophilic enzyme and phospholipopeptide produced by trypsin cleavage. | the membrane penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c is a phospholipoprotein carrying extra residues of asparagine or aspartate, serine, glutamine or glutamate and glycine not present in the exoenzyme (yamamoto, s., and lampen, j.o. (1976) j. biol. chem. 251, 4095-4101). cleavage of the membrane enzyme with trypsin yielded a phospholipipopeptide and a hydrophilic penicillinase differing from exopenicillinase only by the absence of the nh2-terminal lysine residue. phosphatidylserine was iso ... | 1976 | 932023 |
| membrane associated phospholipoproteins of bacillus lichenformis 749. | the membrane-bound penicillinase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c is a phospholipoprotein that differs from the hydrophilic exoenzyme in that its polypeptide chain carries an additional 25 residues (mostly hydrophilic) with phosphatidylserine as the nh2-terminus. to determine if other phospholipoproteins are present in the plasma membrane, the penicillinase-inducible strain 749 was grown without inducer in the presence of [2-(3)h] glycerol. electrophoretic separation of the membrane proteins (aft ... | 1976 | 974140 |
| teichoic acids and lipids associated with the membrane of a bacillus licheniformis mutant and the membrane lipids of the parental strain. | bacillus licheniformis 6346 mh-1 and a phosphoglucomutase-deficient poorly lytic mutant, b. licheniformis 6346 mh-5, both contain cardiolipin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl glycerol but are devoid of phosphoglycolipids. gentiobiosyl diglyceride is present in the parent organism but glycolipids are absent from the mutant. lipoteichoic acid was extracted from the whole cells of mh-5 with hot aqueous phenol and contained fatty acids, glucosamine, and 1,3-polyglycerol phosphate. the fa ... | 1976 | 977537 |
| light-induced inhibition of sporulation in bacillus licheniformis. | sporulation of bacillus licheniformis is inhibited by broad-spectrum light. this phenomenon is intensity dependent and is a near-ultraviolet and blue light effect. | 1976 | 977545 |
| fatty acids of vegetative cells and spores of bacillus licheniformis. | lipids were extracted from vegetative cells and spores of bacillus licheniformis. vegetative cells were grown in nutrient broth and spores on nutrient agar. total lipid approximated 2.89% of the dry weight of vegetative cells and 2.09% of the dry weight of spores. the fatty acids were prepared as methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. there were six fatty acids in concentrations greater than 5% of the total lipid in both spores and vegetative cells, but only palm ... | 1976 | 977827 |
| possible functions of peptide antibiotics during growth of producer organisms: bacitracin and metal (ii) ion transport. | the inhibitory effect of bacitracin upon growth of the producer strain bacillus licheniformis atcc 10716 was dependent upon the presence of several different metal (ii) ions, particularly mn (ii), co (ii), or zn (ii) ions. this supports our previous suggestion that the normal function of bacitracin during growth of the producer organism may be to promote the uptake of several divalent metal ions. due to the striking similarity between the antimicrobial effect of bacitracin towards susceptible or ... | 1976 | 998253 |
| dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase of bacillus licheniformis. quaternary structure, kinetics, and stability in the presence of sodium chloride and substrates. | dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase (l-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde hydro-lyase (adding pyruvate and cyclising), ec 4.2.1.52) obtained from bacillus licheniformis was purified to homogeneity. its molecular weight was 108 000 to 117 500, depending on the concentration of nacl and substrates present, and it contained four subunits of identical molecular weight (28000). the km values for pyruvate and l-aspartic semialdehyde were approximately 5.3 km values for pyruvate and l-aspartic semialdehyde were ... | 1976 | 1009127 |