| application of ozone disinfection to remove enterococcus seriolicida, pasteurella piscicida, and vibrio anguillarum from seawater. | survival of bacterial fish pathogens, including enterococcus seriolicida, vibrio anguillarum, and pasteurella piscicida, in ozonated seawater was determined in a batch system. bacterial counts of all fish pathogens decreased at more than 0.040 to 0.060 mg of total residual oxidants (tros) per liter, whereas no decrease in viable counts was observed at less than 0.018 to 0.028 mg of tros per liter. the 99% inactivation point was achieved at concentrations of 0.111 mg/liter for e. seriolicida, 0.0 ... | 1992 | 1476447 |
| differentiation of lactococcus lactis and lactococcus garvieae from humans by comparison of whole-cell protein patterns. | we tested 12 reference and 24 clinical strains of lactococci for physiologic characteristics using a conventional test system, the gen-probe enterococcus 2 chemiluminescence assay (gen-probe inc., san diego, calif.), the rapid strep identification system (analytab products, plainview, n.y.), and whole-cell protein analysis. the gen-probe enterococcus 2 chemiluminescence assay for enterococcus identification was negative with all strains. neither the conventional test nor the rapid strep identifi ... | 1991 | 1757541 |
| enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. | the properties and taxonomic position of bacterial strains isolated from diseased specimens of cultured yellowtail and eels were examined. the isolates were gram-positive, short-chain-forming, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic cocci. growth at 10 and 45 degrees c in 6.5% nacl (ph 9.6) with 40% bile and in 0.1% methylene blue-milk were both positive. the isolates could be distinguished from other species of the genus enterococcus by several biochemical characteristics and by lancefield's ... | 1991 | 1883715 |
| streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. | biochemical and chemotaxonomical studies were performed on some streptococci from frozen peas and bovine mastitis in an attempt to clarify their taxonomy. the results of the present and earlier studies indicate the pea and mastitis isolates represent two new species of the genus streptococcus. the isolates from frozen peas are named streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. and those from mastitis, streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. the type strains are ncdo 1869 and ncdo 2155, respectively. | 1983 | 6663283 |
| characteristics of vagococcus salmoninarum isolated from diseased salmonid fish. | isolates of the salmonid pathogen vagococcus salmoninarum were recovered from atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and brown trout with peritonitis. the phenotypes of these isolates and the type strain of vag. salmoninarum ncfb 2777 were determined by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests and whole cell protein profiles by sds-page. there was a high level of phenetic similarity between the salmonid isolates and the type strain. the species forms short gram-positive rods, hydrolyses l-pyrr ... | 1994 | 7961194 |
| phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for a close relationship between lactococcus garvieae and enterococcus seriolicida. | cultural, biochemical and protein profiling studies were performed on l. garvieae strains isolated from diseased rainbow trout and on the fish pathogen enterococcus seriolicida atcc 49156. the results, confirmed by 16 rrna sequence analyses, indicate that e. seriolicida atcc 49156 should be reclassified in the genus lactococcus. contrary to previous reports, both l. garvieae and e. seriolicida were found to be beta-haemolytic. | 1993 | 8397967 |
| molecular analysis of lipid macroamphiphiles by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, exemplified with lipoteichoic acids. | analyzed were (i) the oligoglucosyl-, alanyl-substituted poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus hirae containing glc(alpha 1-2)glc(alpha 1-3)acyl2-gro and a phosphatidyl derivative thereof as lipid anchor, (ii) the poly(digalactosyl, galactosylglycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acid of lactococcus garvieae containing the same glycolipid and an acyl derivative of it, and (iii) the n-acetylglucosaminyl-, alanyl-substituted poly(glycerophosphate)lipoteichoic acid of staphylococcus aur ... | 1993 | 8434795 |
| enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meningoencephalitis in fish. | the reference strains of enterococcus seriolicida (atcc 49156t) (t = type strain) and of lactococcus garvieae (atcc 43921t) and 30 field strains of gram-positive cocci isolated from diseased rainbow trout in italy were found to be phenotypically (api 20 strept and api 50 ch) and genetically (dna-dna hybridization) similar. the high dna-dna homologies (70-100%) and the low delta tme (less than 1.1 degrees c) among these strains showed that enterococcus seriolicida and lactococcus garvieae are syn ... | 1996 | 8574132 |
| photoinactivation of bacteria. use of a cationic water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine to photoinactivate both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | the photosensitization of microorganisms is potentially useful for sterilization and for the treatment of certain bacterial diseases. until now, any broad spectrum approach has been inhibited because, although gram-positive bacteria can be photoinactivated by a range of photosensitizers, gram-negative bacteria have not usually been susceptible to photosensitized destruction. in the present work, it has been shown that the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, as wel ... | 1996 | 8622179 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of lactococcus lactis and lactococcus garvieae and a proposed method to discriminate between them. | the mics of antimicrobial agents contained in the sceptor streptococcus mic panels (becton dickinson microbiology systems) were determined for lactococcus lactis, l. garvieae, and unknown lactococcus species. several isolates had reduced susceptibilities to many of the antimicrobial agents contained in the panel. for l. garvieae, the mics of penicillin and, possibly, cephalothin were higher than for l. lactis, and unlike l. lactis, l. garvieae was resistant to clindamycin, indicating that knowle ... | 1996 | 8727924 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from water buffalos with subclinical mastitis and confirmation of l. garvieae as a senior subjective synonym of enterococcus seriolicida. | during a survey of bacterial agents that cause subclinical mastitis in water buffalos, we isolated several strains of gram-positive cocci that appeared to be enterococci except that they grew very slowly at 45 degrees c and grew slowly in broth containing 6.5% nacl. on the basis of the results of conventional physiologic tests, these strains were identified as enterococcus durans. however, none of the strains reacted with the accuprobe enterococcus genetic probe. the whole-cell protein profiles ... | 1996 | 8782673 |
| immunization with bacterial antigens: infections with streptococci and related organisms. | streptococcal infections of fish have been reported from various parts of the world, including the far east, the united states, south africa, australia, israel and europe. classification of gram-positive cocci (dna-dna hybridization studies coupled with 165 sequencing) has shown that at least five different defined species are pathogenic to fish, e.g. streptococcus iniae (syn. s. shilot), streptococcus difficile, lactococcus garvieae (syn. enterococcus seriolicida), lactococcus piscium and vagoc ... | 1997 | 9270844 |
| molecular analysis of lactococcus garvieae and enterococcus gallinarum isolated from water buffalos with subclinical mastitis. | | 1997 | 9331680 |
| identification of lactococcus garvieae by pcr. | lactococcus garvieae junior synonym enterococcus seriolicida) is an emerging zoonotic agent isolated from economically important fish (rainbow trout and yellowtail), from cattle, and from humans. clindamycin susceptibility is the only phenotypic test which can differentiate l. garvieae from lactococcus lactis, another emerging agent in humans. a pcr assay for the identification of l. garvieae was developed and resulted in an amplified fragment of 1,100 bp in size. the pcr assay was shown to be s ... | 1998 | 9542921 |
| use of tests for acidification of methyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside and susceptibility to efrotomycin for differentiation of strains of enterococcus and some related genera. | a total of 107 enterococcus strains, 10 vagococcus fluvialis strains, and 8 lactococcus garvieae strains were tested for acidification of methyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (mgp) and susceptibility to 100-microg efrotomycin (efro) disks. all 26 strains of enterococcus casseliflavus, including 3 nonmotile and 2 nonpigmented strains, acidified mgp and were resistant to efro. all 22 strains of enterococcus gallinarum, including 5 nonmotile strains, also acidified mgp and were resistant to efro. none of ... | 1998 | 9620381 |
| lactococcus garvieae endocarditis: report of a case and review of the literature. | bacterial endocarditis due to lactococcus garvieae is extremely unusual, and may actually be underreported due to its morphologic and biochemical similarities with enterococci. only three cases have been reported in the medical literature, and all involved prosthetic valves. we report a case of native valve bacterial endocarditis caused by l. garvieae. | 1998 | 9823537 |
| isolation and characterization of an enterococcus-like bacterium causing muscle necrosis and mortality in macrobrachium rosenbergii in taiwan. | a gram-positive, ovoid, diplococoid bacterium tentatively identified as enterococcus-like was isolated from diseased macrobrachium rosenbergii in taiwanese aquaculture ponds. the diseased prawns displayed poor growth, anorexia, inactivity, opaque and whitish musculature, and mortality. in histological preparations, melanized hemocytic granulomas were seen in the connective tissue around hemal sinuses together with hemocytic aggregation in necrotic musculature. five isolates of diplococci were co ... | 1998 | 9828405 |
| diperamycin, a new antimicrobial antibiotic produced by streptomyces griseoaurantiacus mk393-af2. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. | antibacterial antibiotics, diperamycin (1) was produced in the culture broth of streptomyces griseoaurantiacus mk393-af2. various spectroscopic analyses of 1 suggested that 1 belonged to a member of cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic. antibiotic 1 had potent inhibitory activity against various gram-positive bacteria including enterococcus seriolicida and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | 1998 | 10048567 |
| biodiversity of lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from fish in europe, asia, and australia. | lactococcus garvieae (junior synonym, enterococcus seriolicida) is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal septicemia among fish species living in very diverse environments. the phenotypic traits of l. garvieae strains collected from three different continents (asia, europe, and australia) indicated phenotypic heterogeneity. on the basis of the acidification of d-tagatose and sucrose, three biotypes were defined. dna relatedness values and a specific pcr assay showed that all the biotypes belo ... | 1999 | 10049855 |
| application of flow cytometry for rapid detection of lactococcus garvieae. | flow cytometry (fcm) technique was applied to rapid determination of cell number of lactococcus garvieae. an antiserum against l. garvieae was prepared and its immunological property was examined. the present antibody would recognize some epitopes of l. garvieae with a high specificity. the optimum conditions for the fcm assay were as follows: discriminate value, 60; dilution ratio of the antiserum, 1.0 x 10(4). calibration curve for l. garvieae cells was linear, in the range of 2.4 x 10(4)-1.5 ... | 1998 | 10230024 |
| lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: similar, but different diseases. | clinical and macroscopic findings (anorexia, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicate that streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garvieae infections of trout share some common features, but histopathology reveals notable differences between the 2 diseases. meningitis and panophthalmitis are the main lesions among s. iniae infected trout, whereas l. garvieae infection results in a hyperacute systemic disease. differences in the ld50s of the 2 pathogens and the sudden onset of signs ... | 1999 | 10401588 |
| protective effects of bacteriophage on experimental lactococcus garvieae infection in yellowtail. | the present study describes the in vitro and in vivo survival of lactococcus garvieae bacteriophages and the potential of the phage for controlling experimental l. garvieae infection in yellowtail. anti-l. garvieae phages persisted well in various physicochemical (water temperature, salinity, ph) and biological (feed, serum and alimentary tract extracts of yellowtail) conditions, except for low acidity. in the in vivo, the phage plgy-16 was detected in the spleens of yellowtail until 24 h after ... | 1999 | 10439901 |
| the protective immune response of yellowtail seriola quinqueradiata to the bacterial fish pathogen lactococcus garvieae. | yellowtail seriola quinqueradiata were immunized with 2 different lactococcus garvieae bacterin, formalin-killed kg- phenotype cells (capsulated phenotype) and formalin-killed kg+ phenotype cells (unencapsulated phenotype). these 2 injected vaccines conferred long-term protection to yellowtail against an artificial infection of an encapsulated lactococcus garvieae strain with long-lasting agglutinating titres against kg+ phenotype cells. however, no agglutinating titres or low agglutinating titr ... | 1999 | 10494501 |
| induction, characterisation and pathogenicity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) of lactococcus garvieae l-forms. | difficulties with induction and cultivation of l-forms, particularly those derived from gram positive parent cells, have constrained to some degree the ability to evaluate the pathogenicity of these morphotypes. induction of l-forms of lactococcus garvieae was undertaken using either charcoal or inactivated horse serum media supplemented with ampicillin, benzylpenicillin or erythromycin, the drug of choice for treatment of infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (walbaum), and nacl as ... | 1999 | 10535774 |
| identification of genes in a kg- phenotype of lactococcus garvieae, a fish pathogenic bacterium, whose proteins react with antikg- rabbit serum. | five different clones (sa1b05, sa1b10, sa2f01, sa8a11 and sa9h10) were isolated from the gene library of the lactococcus garvieae sa8201 (kg-) strain by immunological screening using rabbit serum against l. garvieae (kg-) phenotype cells. a western blot analysis indicated that the molecular sizes of immunologically detected proteins of sa1b05, sa1b10, sa2f01, sa8a11 and sa9h10, which were fused with lacz protein, were 25, 30, 28, 26 and 13 kda, respectively. the amino acid sequences of the immun ... | 1999 | 10588913 |
| identification of aesculin-hydrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows. | aesculin-hydrolyzing, catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci isolated from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows were identified to species level using growth characteristics and biochemical activity. the results indicated that the aesculin-hydrolyzing cocci associated with this type of infection are a very heterogenic group. s. uberis strains, including inulin- or beta-glucuronidase-negative isolates, accounted for only about one-third of the collection, and enterococcus faecalis st ... | 1999 | 10591500 |
| sequencing the gene encoding manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase for rapid species identification of enterococci. | simple pcr and sequencing assays that utilize a single pair of degenerate primers were used to characterize a 438-bp-long dna fragment internal (soda(int)) to the soda gene encoding the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase in 19 enterococcal type strains (enterococcus avium, enterococcus casseliflavus, enterococcus cecorum, enterococcus columbae, enterococcus dispar, enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus flavescens, enterococcus gallinarum, enterococc ... | 2000 | 10618129 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of lactococcus garvieae isolated in spain from lactococcosis outbreaks and comparison with isolates of other countries and sources. | the phenotypic and genetic analysis results for 84 isolates of lactococcus garvieae (including 62 strains from trout with lactococcosis from four different countries, 7 strains from cows and water buffalos with subclinical mastitis, 3 from water, and 10 from human clinical samples) are presented. there was great phenotypic heterogeneity (13 different biotypes) based on the acidification of saccharose, tagatose, mannitol, and cyclodextrin and the presence of the enzymes pyroglutamic acid arylamid ... | 2000 | 11015404 |
| identification of enterococcus species and phenotypically similar lactococcus and vagococcus species by reverse checkerboard hybridization to chaperonin 60 gene sequences. | data from four recent studies (s. h. goh et al., j. clin. microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; s. h. goh et al., j. clin. microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; s. h. goh et al., j. clin. microbiol. 35:3116-3121, 1997; a. y. c. kwok et al., int. j. syst. bacteriol. 49:1181-1192, 1999) suggest that an approximately 600-bp region of the chaperonin 60 (cpn60) gene, amplified by pcr with a single pair of degenerate primers, has utility as a potentially universal target for bacterial identification (id). this cpn60 ... | 2000 | 11060051 |
| isolation and characterization of carnobacterium, lactococcus, and enterococcus spp. from cooked, modified atmosphere packaged, refrigerated, poultry meat. | the microbiota of commercially produced, cooked and modified atmosphere packaged poultry meat was followed during storage at 3.5 degrees c for up to 7 weeks. the dominant microbiota consisted of lactococcus raffinolactis (117 isolates), carnobacterium divergens (61 isolates), carnobacterium piscicola (11 isolates), lactococcus garvieae (four isolates), lactococcus lactis (one isolate) and enterococcus faecalis (three isolates). all isolates were screened for production of bacteriocins. only c. p ... | 2000 | 11139026 |
| lactococcus garvieae septicemia with liver abscess in an immunosuppressed patient. | | 2000 | 11184774 |
| detection and characterization of a bacteriocin, garviecin l1-5, produced by lactococcus garvieae isolated from raw cow's milk. | the identification of a bacteriocin-producing lactococcal strain isolated from raw cow's milk is reported, along with production conditions, physical and chemical properties, and mode of action of the bacteriocin. methods and | 2001 | 11298239 |
| rapid, high-throughput extraction of bacterial genomic dna from selective-enrichment culture media. | to create a fast, sensitive and inexpensive high-throughput method for the extraction of bacterial genomic dna from selective-enrichment culture media. | 2001 | 11328499 |
| lactococcus garvieae infection in the giant freshwater prawn macrobranchium rosenbergii confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 16s rdna sequencing. | an epizootic bacterial infection in the giant freshwater prawn macrobranchium rosenbergii occurred in taiwan from may to june 1999. the cumulative mortality was approximately 30 to 75%. the diseased prawns showed opaque and whitish muscles and were approximately 2 mo old with total lengths from 5 to 6 cm. histopathologically, they showed marked edema and necrotic lesions with inflammation in the muscles and hepatopancreas. bacteria isolated using brain heart infusion medium or tryptic soy agar w ... | 2001 | 11411643 |
| fermentation and microflora of plaa-som, a thai fermented fish product prepared with different salt concentrations. | plaa-som is a thai fermented fish product prepared from snakehead fish, salt, palm syrup and sometimes roasted rice. we studied the effects of different salt concentrations on decrease in ph and on microflora composition during fermentation. two low-salt batches were prepared, containing 6% and 7% salt (w/w) as well as two high-salt batches, containing 9% and 11% salt. ph decreased rapidly from 6 to 4.5 in low-salt batches, whereas in high-salt batches, a slow or no decrease in ph was found. lac ... | 2002 | 11883675 |
| antibody increases phagocytosis and killing of lactococcus garvieae by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, l.) macrophages. | the present study reports that specific antibody increased the bactericidal activity of rainbow trout head-kidney macrophages against virulent capsulated lactococcus garvieae in the absence of complement. the observed increased bactericidal activity appeared to result from increased phagocytosis of capsulated l. garvieae in the presence of specific antibody and may in part explain the protective effect of antibody previously reported against this disease. | 2002 | 11911678 |
| optimisation of one-tube pcr-elisa to detect femtogram amounts of genomic dna. | a simple, high-throughput, low-cost polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) protocol that detects the presence of 4 fg of dna from four bacterial fish pathogens yersinia ruckeri, tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly flexibacter maritimus), lactococcus garvieae and aeromonas salmonicida was developed. dna amplification was undertaken in a biphasic system with free and bound pcr that are achieved in the one nucleolink tube. solid-phase amplicons were detected using bio ... | 2002 | 12133608 |
| effect of nitrite on interaction between the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii and its pathogen lactococcus garvieae. | addition of nitrite-n at 1.5 mg l(-1) in tryptic soy broth (tsb) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the growth rate of the bacterial pathogen lactococcus garvieae and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced mortality compared to zero nitrite controls when injected into giant freshwater prawns macrobrachium rosenbergii at 5 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) per prawn. in other experiments, whereby prawns were injected with tsb-grown l. garvieae (5 x 10(5) cfu prawn(-1)) and then held in water containin ... | 2002 | 12219975 |
| cell-surface properties of lactococcus garvieae strains and their immunogenicity in the yellowtail seriola quinqueradiata. | the cell-surface properties of strains of lactococcus garvieae were examined. two capsular types were found, one with a highly developed capsule (kg9408) and one with a micro-capsule (ms93003) carrying fimbriae-like components projecting from the cell surface. one strain (nss9310) had neither cell capsular nor fimbriae-like structures on its cell surface. the strains with the highly developed capsule were more virulent to fish than either the micro-capsular or non-capsular strains. the kg9408, m ... | 2002 | 12465875 |
| classification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestines of common carp and freshwater prawns. | fifty-four isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from the intestines of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and freshwater prawns (macrobrachium rosenbergii) in nakorn-pathom province, thailand. all isolates were gram-positive and catalase-negative cocci that did not produce gas from glucose and formed dl or l(+) lactic acid only. most isolates were able to grow in broth at ph 9.6, in 6.5% nacl (w/v) and 40% (w/v) bile. these isolates were divided into six groups (a-f) by sugar fermentati ... | 1999 | 12501375 |
| molecular fingerprinting of fish-pathogenic lactococcus garvieae strains by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. | in this work, we used the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique to evaluate the genetic diversity in lactococcus garvieae, an important pathogen for fish. fifty-seven strains with different hosts and geographical origins, including japan and several countries of the mediterranean area such as spain, portugal, france, italy, england, and turkey, were analyzed. two primers, oligonucleotides 5 and 6 (pharmacia biotech) were utilized; primer 5 was the most discriminative, since allowed u ... | 2003 | 12574277 |
| 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region polymorphism of lactococcus garvieae, lactococcus raffinolactis and lactococcus lactis as revealed by pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis. | the intergenic spacer region (isr) between the 16s and 23s rrna genes was tested as a tool for differentiating lactococci commonly isolated in a dairy environment. 17 reference strains, representing 11 different species belonging to the genera lactococcus, streptococcus, lactobacillus, enterococcus and leuconostoc, and 127 wild streptococcal strains isolated during the whole fermentation process of "fior di latte" cheese were analyzed. after 16s-23s rdna isr amplification by pcr, species or genu ... | 2002 | 12583712 |
| antigen recognition by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) of whole cell proteins expressed by lactococcus garvieae when obtained directly from fish and under iron limited culture conditions. | infection by lactococcus garvieae has become a widely recognised problem associated with intensively cultured fish. long-term control of fish infections may be possible by vaccination providing a suitable and efficacious epitope is expressed during production of cells used for vaccine preparation. the identification of novel vaccine candidates must, therefore, consider how the host species recognises and responds to bacterial cell components. l. garvieae was cultured in iron deficient, limited a ... | 2003 | 12591207 |
| development of sensitive, high-throughput one-tube rt-pcr-enzyme hybridisation assay to detect selected bacterial fish pathogens. | bacterial monitoring and surveillance is critical for the early detection of pathogens to avoid the spread of disease. to facilitate this, an efficient, high-performance and high-throughput method to detect the presence of femotgram amounts of ribosomal rna from 4 bacterial fish pathogens: aeromonas salmonicida; tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly flexibacter maritimus); lactococcus garvieae; and yersinia ruckeri was developed. the system uses nucleolink strips for liquid- and solid-phase pcr in 1 ... | 2003 | 12747638 |
| streptococcus iniae expresses a cell surface non-immune trout immunoglobulin-binding factor when grown in normal trout serum. | three capsulated isolates of s. iniae representing serotype i and ii and being arginine dihydrolase positive, negative or variable (ad+ve, ad-ve, ad+-ve) were investigated for their ability to bind rainbow trout serum immunoglobulin by the fc region. using a coagglutination assay with bacteria grown in todd-hewitt broth (thb), no evidence of non-specific fc-binding of trout immunoglobulin (ig) was obtained. however, when grown in normal trout serum, all isolates produced similar protein patterns ... | 2003 | 14550668 |
| lactococcus garvieae in wild red sea wrasse coris aygula (labridae). | lactococcus garvieae infection in wild wrasse coris aygula is reported, and the serological and molecular characteristics of the isolate are described. this is the first evidence of the presence of this pathogen in the red sea, and it follows the recent diagnosis of mycobacterium marinum and streptococcus iniae in wild fish from the same region. whether all 3 pathogens are strains endemic to the red sea, or recent introductions into the region, remains to be determined, but their appearance over ... | 2003 | 14667040 |
| multiplex pcr assay for detection of bacterial pathogens associated with warm-water streptococcosis in fish. | a multiplex pcr-based method was designed for the simultaneous detection of the main pathogens involved in warm-water streptococcosis in fish (streptococcus iniae, streptococcus difficilis, streptococcus parauberis, and lactococcus garvieae). each of the four pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted gene of the specific microorganism. the sensitivity of the multiplex pcr using purified dna was 25 pg for s. iniae, 12.5 pg for s. difficilis, 50 pg for s. parauberis, and ... | 2004 | 15128589 |
| diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from aoc salers cheese. | the objective of this work was to describe the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in traditional raw milk salers cheeses at the species and strain levels. the characterization of 381 strains isolated during ripening and various strain collections was investigated using physiological analysis and molecular techniques: rep-pcr, species and genus specific amplifications and the sequence analysis of 16s rdna for strain typing and taxonomic identification. the strains belonged to lactobacillus plantar ... | 2004 | 15190953 |
| occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(m) and tet(s) in bacteria from marine aquaculture sites. | occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins was examined in 151 tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates from fish and seawater at coastal aquaculture sites in japan and korea. the tet(m) gene was detected in 34 japanese and korean isolates, which included vibrio sp., lactococcus garvieae, photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, and unidentified gram-positive bacteria. the majority of these bacterial isolates displayed high-level resistance with a minimum ... | 2004 | 15268950 |
| clonality and diversity of the fish pathogen lactococcus garvieae in mediterranean countries. | infection with lactococcus garvieae is considered the most important risk factor for the european trout industry, and the losses are approximately 50% of the total production. to improve our understanding of the genetic links among strains originating from different countries, we examined the population structure of l. garvieae by comparing 81 strains isolated from different sources and ecosystems (41 farms in six countries) in which the bacterium is commonly found. genetic similarities (as asse ... | 2004 | 15345391 |
| purification and characterization of lysozyme from plasma of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | lysozyme was purified from the plasma of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) using a combination of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. the molecular mass of purified lysozyme was estimated at 18.4 kda by sds-page, and its isoelectric point was greater than 10. mass spectrometric analysis of the purified enzyme revealed a high-sequence homology with i-type lysozymes. no similarity was found however between the n-terminal sequence of oyster plasma lysozyme and n-terminal sequenc ... | 2004 | 15364284 |
| lancefield group c streptococcus dysgalactiae infection responsible for fish mortalities in japan. | a lancefield serological group c streptococcus sp. was isolated from cultured amberjack, seriola dumerili risso, and yellowtail, seriola quinqueradiata temminck and schlegel, immunized with lactococcus garvieae commercial vaccines in japan. the isolated bacteria were gram-positive cocci, auto-aggregating in saline, morphologically long chains in growth medium, catalase negative and alpha-haemolytic on blood agar. an almost complete gene sequence of the 16s rdna of two isolates was determined and ... | 2004 | 15575875 |
| experimental evaluation of pathogenicity of lactococcus garvieae in black rockfish (sebastes schlegeli). | black rockfish (sebastes schlegeli) is an important mariculture species in korea. the production of this fish is drastically declined due to bacterial diseases, particularly streptococcosis caused by lactococcus garvieae. the bacterial surface characteristics of sj7 and ty6 were found to have capsule but not nb13 and ys18. the experiential evaluation of l. garvieae pathogenicity, the capsular isolates showed high cumulative mortality i.e. sj7 (100%) and ty6 (60%) compared to non-capsular isolate ... | 2004 | 15613824 |
| culture-dependent and -independent methods to investigate the microbial ecology of italian fermented sausages. | in this study, the microbial ecology of three naturally fermented sausages produced in northeast italy was studied by culture-dependent and -independent methods. by plating analysis, the predominance of lactic acid bacteria populations was pointed out, as well as the importance of coagulase-negative cocci. also in the case of one fermentation, the fecal enterocci reached significant counts, highlighting their contribution to the particular transformation process. yeast counts were higher than th ... | 2005 | 15812029 |
| dopamine depresses the immune ability and increases susceptibility to lactococcus garvieae in the freshwater giant prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii. | the total haemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase activity, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen lactococcus garvieae were measured when freshwater giant prawns macrobrachium rosenbergii (16.2 +/- 2.1 g) were individually injected with saline, or dopamine at 0.5, 5.0, or 50.0 pmol prawn(-1). the results show that a transient period of immunosuppression occurred between 2 and 8 h after injecti ... | 2005 | 15820127 |
| drug resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of lactococcus garvieae isolates from cultured seriola (yellowtail, amberjack and kingfish) in japan. | to investigate the existing antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of lactococcus garvieae isolates from cultured seriola in japan. | 2005 | 15836733 |
| lactococcus garvieae endocarditis: identification by 16s rrna and soda sequence analysis. | lactococcus garvieae is only rarely isolated from clinical specimens. we report a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by l. garvieae in an elderly patient. molecular methods based on the 16s rrna and soda(int) gene sequences confirmed the phenotypic identification of this opportunistic human pathogen. | 2006 | 15936823 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| vaccination strategies to prevent emerging diseases for spanish aquaculture. | in recent years, three serious diseases have emerged in spanish aquaculture. these are lactococcosis caused by lactococcus garvieae, which is of economical importance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss); pseudomonadiasis caused by pseudomonas anguilliseptica which affects gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus); and flexibacteriosis caused by tenacibaculum maritimum which became a devastating problem in the emerging culture of sole (solea spp). to obtain useful inf ... | 2005 | 15962472 |
| efficacy of protein a-hrp in an immunological study of black rockfish (sebastes schlegeli higendorf) humoral immune responses. | the efficacy of protein a-horse radish peroxidase (hrp), as compared to that of mouse polyclonal antibody raised against purified ig, in detection of black rockfish (sebastes schlegeli higendorf) immunoglobulin (ig) was examined. protein a affinity chromatography successfully purified ig from black rockfish serum; the purified-ig could be visualised as two protein bands (mw 70 and 25kda) following resolution with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) under reducin ... | 2006 | 16043366 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmn-sod) from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmn-sod) cdna was cloned from the hepatopancreas of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) by degenerate primers. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cdna end race method. analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the cytmn-sod cdna clone consists of 1339 bp with an open reading frame of 858 bp encoding a protein of 286 amino acids. the calculated ... | 2006 | 16154362 |
| biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in moroccan soft white cheese (jben). | the bacterial diversity occurring in traditional moroccan soft white cheese, produced in eight different regions in morocco, was studied. a total of 164 lactic acid bacteria were isolated, purified and identified by whole-cell protein fingerprinting and rep-pcr genomic fingerprinting. the majority of the strains belonged to the genera lactobacillus, lactococcus, leuconostoc and enterococcus. sixteen species were identified: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus paracase ... | 2005 | 16168579 |
| identification and antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria occurring in porcine blood from industrial slaughterhouses--a preliminary study. | ninety-seven lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from slaughterhouse porcine blood in order to select autochthonous lab strains for use as biopreservatives of this by-product. they were identified by 16s rdna sequencing; and their inhibition capacity was determined against four bacterial species frequently found in contaminated blood, i.e. staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus spp. the taxonomic study showed an unexpected low diversity of lab in blood ... | 2006 | 16278029 |
| use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | from a comparison of 125 bacterial isolates recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus sp., a culture was obtained which was effective at preventing clinical disease caused by lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae when used as a feed additive. the culture, aeromonas sobria gc2, was incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trout (average weight = 20 g) for 14 days at a dose equivalent to 5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) of feed. whereas the untre ... | 2005 | 16336470 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu,zn-sod) from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu,zn-sod) cdna was cloned from the hepatopancreas of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) by degenerate primers. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by the rapid amplification of cdna ends method. analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the cu,zn-sod cdna clone consists of 845 bp with an open reading frame of 603 bp encoding a protein of 201 amino acids with a 22 amino acid sig ... | 2006 | 16356736 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of peroxinectin, a cell adhesion molecule, from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | expression of peroxinectin cdna was determined from haemocytes of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii using oligonucleotide primers and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based on the peroxinectin sequence of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei, tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, and freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus. the peroxinectin of m. rosenbergii was constitutively expressed. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone has an open ... | 2006 | 16377210 |
| isolation and characterization of streptococcus sp. from diseased flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) in jeju island. | streptococcus sp. is gram-positive coccus that causes streptococcal infections in fish due to intensification of aquaculture and caused significant economic losses in fish farm industry. a streptococcal infection occurred from cultured diseased olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) in may, 2005 at a fish farm in jeju island, korea. the diseased flounder exhibited bilateral exophthalmic eyes and rotten gills; water temperature was 16-18 degrees c when samples were collected. of the 22 fish samp ... | 2006 | 16434850 |
| a rare cause of infective endocarditis; lactococcus garvieae. | | 2007 | 16618510 |
| cloning and characterisation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod) from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | a cdna encoding a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod) was cloned from the hepatopancreas of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) by degenerate primers. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cdna end (race) pcr method. analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the mtmnsod full-length cdna consists of 1202bp containing an open reading frame of 654bp, which encodes a protein c ... | 2006 | 16621606 |
| adherence of lactococcus garvieae to the intestinal and brain gangliosides of the yellowtail, seriola quinqueradiata temminck and schlegel. | | 2006 | 16635065 |
| native-valve bacterial endocarditis caused by lactococcus garvieae. | we report a case of definite lactococcus garvieae native-valve endocarditis. the diagnosis was suspected in a patient presenting with congestive heart failure and found to have enterococcus hirae bacteremia, with a history of l. garvieae bacteremia 1 month prior. diagnosis was confirmed by 16s rrna gene sequencing of the 2 isolates and the demonstration of aortic valve vegetations. | 2006 | 16650958 |
| pcr amplification of species specific sequences of 16s rdna and 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region for identification of streptococcus phocae. | streptococcus phocae, a bacterial pathogen of seals, could reliably be identified by pcr amplification using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species specific segments of the previously sequenced 16s rrna gene and the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region of this species. the pcr mediated assay allowed an identification of s. phocae isolated from harbor and gray seals and from atlantic salmons. no cross-reaction could be observed with 13 different other streptococcal species and sub ... | 2008 | 16793248 |
| construction of transposition insertion libraries and specific gene inactivation in the pathogen lactococcus garvieae. | this paper reports the development of genetic tools in lactococcus garvieae, an important gram-positive bacterial pathogen affecting both fish and mammals. the vector pgkv210, a broad host range vector, was introduced by electroporation into l. garvieae uniud074. the maximal frequency obtained was 3.2 x 10(5) transformants/mug of dna. moreover, this effect is highly reproducible and appears to be constant, since all l. garvieae strains tested were transformed. once the optimal transformation pro ... | 2006 | 16797929 |
| microbial diversity and succession during the manufacture and ripening of traditional, spanish, blue-veined cabrales cheese, as determined by pcr-dgge. | the diversity and dynamics of the dominant microbial communities arising during the manufacture and ripening of four batches of naturally fermented cabrales cheese were investigated by the pcr-dgge culture-independent technique. total microbial dna was extracted from cheese milk, curd and cheese samples and used as template material in pcr experiments to amplify the v3 region of the bacterial 16s rrna gene, plus the d1 region of the eukaryotic 26s rrna gene. these regions were then analysed usin ... | 2006 | 16806553 |
| partial two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) maps of streptococcus iniae atcc29178 and lactococcus garvieae kg9408. | to examine the proteomes of 2 important causative agents of fish streptococcosis, streptococcus iniae atcc29178 and lactococcus garvieae kg9408, we used 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) followed by mass spectrometry to generate 2-de maps of these type strains. silver-stained 2-de gels of s. iniae atcc29178 and l. garvieae kg9408 revealed approximately 320 and 300 spots, respectively, and immobilized ph gradient strips (13 cm, ph 4 to 7) revealed that the majority of the detected spots we ... | 2006 | 16875393 |
| differences between lactococcus garvieae isolated from the genus seriola in japan and those isolated from other animals (trout, terrestrial animals from europe) with regard to pathogenicity, phage susceptibility and genetic characterization. | to clarify the epidemiological relationship between lactococcus garvieae isolates from the seriola in japan and isolates from other animals. | 2006 | 16882159 |
| lactococcus garvieae in fish: a review. | lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of lactococcosis, an emergent disease which affects many fish species and causes important economic losses both in marine and freshwater aquaculture when water temperature increases over 16 degrees c in summer months. normally, it causes a hyperacute and haemorrhagic septicemia. this paper presents a state of the art review of fish lactococcosis including aspects such as pathogen characterization, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and control mea ... | 2006 | 16935332 |
| immunoproteomic analysis of capsulate and non-capsulate strains of lactococcus garvieae. | a comparative immunoproteomic study was carried out to investigate the immunogenicity of capsulate (kg9408) and non-capsulate (nss9310) strains of lactococcus garvieae. immunoblot assays, following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) for l. garvieae strains, revealed a significant difference between anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabbit sera with respect to the number and antigenicity of antigenic spots. anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabbit sera reacted with an average of 7 ... | 2007 | 16997511 |
| first report of streptococcus agalactiae and lactococcus garvieae from a wild bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). | the isolation and characterization of two bacterial species, streptococcus agalactiae and lactococcus garvieae, previously unreported in wild marine mammals are described from a freshly dead bottlenose dolphin, tursiops truncatus, from kuwait bay, kuwait, in september 2001. conventional and rapid identification systems were used to determine that isolates from muscle and kidney were s. agalactiae and l. garvieae, respectively. the isolates were gram-positive, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, ... | 2006 | 17092887 |
| biodiversity of bacterial ecosystems in traditional egyptian domiati cheese. | bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional egyptian soft domiati cheese was studied by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bands were identified using a reference species database (j.-c. ogier et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by dna sequencing. results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in domia ... | 2007 | 17189434 |
| application of single strand conformation polymorphism --pcr method for distinguishing cheese bacterial communities that inhibit listeria monocytogenes. | the aim of this study was to compare the microbial communities of different cheeses where listeria monocytogenes either grew or did not grow. for this purpose, (i) isolates from the most inhibitory cheese ecosystem were identified and their ability to produce anti-listeria substances was determined, (ii) bacterial communities of cheeses with and without l. monocytogenes growth were compared using the single strand conformation polymorphism method. the study showed sscp to be an effective tool fo ... | 2007 | 17306399 |
| diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with fish and the fish farm environment, established by amplified rrna gene restriction analysis. | lactic acid bacteria have become a major source of concern for aquaculture in recent decades. in addition to true pathogenic species of worldwide significance, such as streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garvieae, several species have been reported to produce occasional fish mortalities in limited geographic areas, and many unidentifiable or ill-defined isolates are regularly isolated from fish or fish products. to clarify the nature and prevalence of different fish-associated bacteria belonging ... | 2007 | 17337536 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria from poultry and swine meat products. | the transfer via the food chain from animals to humans of microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial agents is of increasing concern. to determine the contributions of nonpathogenic microflora to the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ar) genes in the food chain, 123 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 29 samples of raw and processed pork and chicken meat products that had previously tested positive for one or more ar genes that encode clinically relevant ars: tet(m), tet(o), ... | 2007 | 17388042 |
| characterization of lactococcus garvieae isolated from radish and broccoli sprouts that exhibited a kg+ phenotype, lack of virulence and absence of a capsule. | to identify lactococcus garvieae isolates from radish and broccoli sprouts and compare them with virulent and less virulent mutant strains obtained from yellowtails with regard to kg phenotype, presence of a capsule and virulence towards yellowtails and mice. | 2007 | 17451513 |
| protection of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from lactococcosis by probiotic bacteria. | we analysed the effect of probiotic supplementation on the control of lactococcosis in rainbow trout. probiotic strains leuconostoc mesenteroides clfp 196 and lactobacillus plantarum clfp 238 were administered orally to fish for 30 days at 10(7) cfu g(-1) feed. thirty days after the start of the probiotic feeding, fish were challenged with lactococcus garvieae. probiotic supplementation reduced fish mortality significantly, from 78% in the control group to 46-54% in the probiotic groups. | 2008 | 17532470 |
| stability of microbial communities in goat milk during a lactation year: molecular approaches. | the microbial communities in milks from one herd were evaluated during 1-year of lactation, using molecular methods to evaluate their stability and the effect of breeding conditions on their composition. the diversity of microbial communities was measured using two approaches: molecular identification by 16s and 18s rdna sequencing of isolates from counting media (two milks), and direct identification using 16s rdna from clone libraries (six milks). the stability of these communities was evaluat ... | 2007 | 17604934 |
| phenotypic typing, technological properties and safety aspects of lactococcus garvieae strains from dairy environments. | to characterize lactococcus garvieae strains of dairy origin and to determine their technological properties and safety for their possible use in starter culture preparation. | 2007 | 17650205 |
| the development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | jb-1 and gc2, which were equated with bacillus sp. and aeromonas sobria respectively, were recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and ghost carp, cyprinus sp. respectively, and demonstrated effectiveness as probiotics for the control of infections caused by aeromonas salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, streptococcus iniae, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio ordalii and yersinia ruckeri. when administered to rainbow trout (average weight = 12 g) for 14 days in feed dosed ... | 2007 | 17850573 |
| genes required for lactococcus garvieae survival in a fish host. | lactococcus garvieae is considered an emergent pathogen in aquaculture and it is also associated with mastitis in domestic animals as well as human endocarditis and septicaemia. in spite of this, the pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium are poorly understood. signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify virulence factors and to establish the basis of pathogen-host interactions. a library of 1250 l. garvieae uniud074-tagged tn917 mutants in 25 pools was screened for the ability to grow in ... | 2007 | 17906128 |
| updating the importance of lactic acid bacteria in fish farming: natural occurrence and probiotic treatments. | many recent papers have deepened the state of knowledge about lactic acid bacteria (lab) in fish gut. in spite of high variability in fish microbiota, lab are sometimes abundant in the intestine, notably in freshwater fish. several strains of streptococcus are pathogenic to fish. streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garvieae are major fish pathogens, against which commercial vaccines are available. fortunately, most lab are harmless, and some strains have been reported for beneficial effects on f ... | 2008 | 17957117 |
| safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: the lactococcus genus. | the lactococcus genus includes 5 species. lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis is the most common in dairy product but l. garviae has been also isolated. their biotope is animal skin and plants. owing to its biochemical characteristics, strains of l. lactis are widely used in dairy fermented products processing. cases of human infections due to lactococci are very seldom reported even if lactococcus garviae can be involved in fish diseases. then l. lactis can be considered as safe and it is most com ... | 2008 | 17976847 |
| metabolic characterization of lactic acid bacterium lactococcus garvieae sk11, capable of reducing ferric iron, nitrate, and fumarate. | a lactic acid bacterium capable of anaerobic respiration was isolated from soil with ferric iron-containing glucose basal medium and identified as l. garvieae by using 16s rdna sequence homology. the isolate reduced ferric iron, nitrate, and fumarate to ferrous iron, nitrite, and succinate, respectively, under anaerobic n2 atmosphere. growth of the isolate was increased about 30-39% in glucose basal medium containing nitrate and fumarate, but not in the medium containing ferric iron. specificall ... | 2007 | 18051752 |
| bacterial biodiversity of traditional zabady fermented milk. | the aim of this work was to identify the bacterial biodiversity of traditional zabady fermented milk using pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (pcr-ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). most of the identified bacterial species in zabady samples belonged to lactic acid bacteria (lab), e.g., streptococcus thermophilus, lactococcus garvieae, lactococcus raffinolactis, lactococcus lactis, leuconostoc citreum, lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and lactob ... | 2008 | 18077039 |
| effect of temperature and ph on growth of staphylococcus aureus in co-culture with lactococcus garvieae. | staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin production in co-culture with lactococcus garvieae were studied in laboratory medium as a function of incubation temperature and ph values. doehlert experimental design was used to study the effect of l. garvieae concentration, temperature, and ph on s. aureus growth in laboratory medium. the mathematical model obtained was validated in cheeses. the inhibition of s. aureus growth by l. garvieae was more important during the first 6 hours of incubation ... | 2008 | 18214601 |
| comparison of lactococcus garvieae strains isolated in northern italy from dairy products and fishes through molecular typing. | to investigate the genetic relatedness between lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from fish and dairy samples collected in northern italy, using random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), sau-pcr and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp). | 2008 | 18341557 |
| effect of lactococcus garvieae, lactococcus lactis and enterococcus faecalis on the behaviour of staphylococcus aureus in microfiltered milk. | the effect of four strains of lactococcus garvieae, three strains of lactococcus lactis and one strain of enterococcus faecalis on staphylococcus aureus sa15 growth in microfiltered milk was evaluated. lactococcus and enterococcus strains were co-cultured with s. aureus in microfiltered milk and in medium buffered at ph 6.8. all lactococcus and enterococcus strains were able to inhibit s. aureus growth after 6h of incubation. inhibition by l. lactis and e. faecalis strains could be partially att ... | 2008 | 18355675 |
| lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis also causes white muscle disease in farmed giant freshwater prawns macrobrachium rosenbergii. | from may to august 2001 in taiwan, 27 farms for the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii experienced white tail disease outbreaks in animals approximately 3 to 5 mo old, with total lengths from 6 to 8 cm. examination of the infected prawns revealed not only previously reported lactococcus garvieae (16 farms) but also the novel l. lactis subsp. lactis (10 farms). one farm had shrimp infected with both bacteria. in the farms with l. lactis infections, the cumulative mortality was appro ... | 2008 | 18429437 |
| drug resistance mechanism of the fish-pathogenic bacterium lactococcus garvieae. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 15 chemotherapeutic agents were tested against 146 lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from 1999 to 2006 in japan. the agents used included chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin (em), enoxacin, fleroxacin, florfenicol, kanamycin, lincomycin (lcm), norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, orbifloxacin, ofloxacin, benzylpenicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline (tc). of the tested strains, 46 showed high levels of resistance to em, lcm and tc. twelve of ... | 2008 | 18471102 |
| antibiotic resistance in lactococcus species from bovine milk: presence of a mutated multidrug transporter mdt(a) gene in susceptible lactococcus garvieae strains. | a total of 72 lactococcus strains (41 lactococcus lactis and 31 lactococcus garvieae) isolated from bovine milk were tested for susceptibility to 17 antibiotics and screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes using a microarray. resistance to tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, streptomycin, nitrofurantoin were found. the tetracycline-resistant l. garvieae and l. lactis harbored tet(m) and tet(s). l. lactis that were resistant to clindamycin were also resistant to erythromycin ... | 2008 | 18472369 |
| dietary gluten reduces the number of intestinal regulatory t cells in mice. | it is well established that gluten-free diet reduces the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1d) in non-obese diabetic (nod) mice, though the mechanism is not known. however, regulatory t cells (treg) are likely to play an important role. also, it is known that dietary gluten induces an intestinal increase in the bacterium lactococcus garvieae, but the importance of this phenomenon for t1d development is doubtful. our hypothesis is that gluten is responsible for mediating its effect on t1d t ... | 2008 | 18476878 |