| bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase: purification and properties of the enzyme. | a purification procedure is reported for obtaining bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase in high yield and amounts of 100-200 mg. a key step in the procedure is the use of an affinity gel prepared by coupling pteroyl-l-lysine to sepharose. the purified reductase has a specific activity of about 100 units/mg and is homogeneous as judged by analytical ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and titration with methotrexate. the products of the first step of edman degradation indicat ... | 1975 | 45 |
| bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants: an in-vivo study. | weekly faecal specimens from 18 babies were examined during the first 8 weeks of life. eight infants were breast fed, ten were bottle-fed. all suckling infants received supplementary feeds for the first 8 days. a buffer consisting of acetic acid and acetate was demonstrated in the faeces of all the breast-fed infants at some time during the period of examination. this buffer was rarely detected during the 1st week of life when supplementary feeds were given, and buffer already present gradually ... | 1976 | 8646 |
| approach to a practical method for screening and identifying microorganism genera from urine (author's transl). | in this study the author reported upon a practical new system for screening and identifying the microbial agents causing urinary tract infections. this system is composed of a combination of 3 screening procedures (ph-value + nitrite-test + catalase-test) and 8 selective culture media for the purpose of genus identification within 24 hours (uripret-g). a total of 130 cultures was investigated. the employed microorganisms were mainly recovered from urine samples. they included the following speci ... | 1976 | 11179 |
| purification and properties of the pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase of streptococcus faecium. | pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase (ec 3.4.11.8) from streptococcus faecium was purified by fractionation with streptomycin sulphate and ammonium sulphate, by chromatography on sephadex g200 and deae-cellulose, and by preparative electrophoresis on sephadex g25. the purified enzyme on acrylamide gel showed a strong protein band which contained enzyme activity and a very faint band which had no activity. the subunit molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated by acrylamide gel electropho ... | 1977 | 26327 |
| semiautomated turbidimetric microbiological assay for cefazaflur. | a quantitative semi-automated turbidimetric bioassay for cefazaflur, using streptococcus faecium as the indicator, is described. assays were run at ph 6.5 approximately 7 for 3.75 hours at 37 degrees c using 2 approximately 12 microgram cefazaflur per ml assay broth for standards. the dose response line was plotted point to point using the natural log of the absorbance vs natural log of the concentration. this assay is both accurate and precise and is more rapid than traditional plate assays for ... | 1978 | 26651 |
| [changes in the number of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium stored in physiological solution at a temperature of 20 degrees c]. | | 1977 | 31606 |
| methotrexate, a high-affinity pseudosubstrate of dihydrofolate reductase. | investigations have been made of the slow, tight-binding inhibition by methotrexate of the reaction catalyzed by dihydrofolate reductase from streptococcus faecium a. quantitative analysis has shown that progress curve data are in accord with a mechanism that involves the rapid formation of an enzyme-nadph-methotrexate complex that subsequently undergoes a relatively slow, reversible isomerization reaction. from the ki value for the dissociation of methotrexate from the e-nadph-methotrexate comp ... | 1979 | 36135 |
| teichoic acids of group d streptococci with special reference to strains from pig meningitis (streptococcus suis). | immunoelectrophoresis revealed in phenol extracts from s. faecalis and s. faecium a mixture of free and lipid-bound teichoic acids, both reactive with group d antisera. in phenol extracts from s. suis only lipid-bound teichoic acid, also reactive with group d antiserum, was seen. this difference probably accounts for the low yield of group d antigen from s. suis as compared with s. faecalis and s. faecium when heating at ph 2 is used for extraction. when phenol is used good yields are obtained f ... | 1977 | 45589 |
| immunochemical study of the peptidoglycan of gram-negative bacteria. | the specificity of antibodies directed against the peptidoglycan of gram-negative bacteria was studied. the peptidoglycans of proteus vulgaris, escherichia coli, moraxella glucidolytica, neisseria perflava, give identical precipitin reactions. by means of inhibition studies with various peptidoglycan subunits and synthetic peptides, it was shown that the antibodies are essentially directed against the peptide moiety of the peptidoglycan: l-ala-d-glu (l)-mesoa2pm-(l)-d-ala, that the peptide react ... | 1976 | 60233 |
| relationship between cellular autolytic activity, peptidoglycan synthesis, septation, and the cell cycle in synchronized populations of streptococcus faecium. | synchronized, slowly growing (td = 70 to 80 min) cultures were used to study several wall-associated parameters during the cell cycle: rate of peptidoglycan synthesis, septation, and cellular autolytic activity. the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis per cell declined during most of the period of chromosome replication (c), but increased during the latter part of c and into the period between chromosome termination and cell division (d). an increase in cellular septation was correlated with the inc ... | 1978 | 96095 |
| approximation of the cell cycle in synchronized populations of streptococcus faecium. | slowly growing populations (td = 70 to 80 min) of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790) were synchronized by selection after sucrose gradient fractionation. the cell cycle was approximated by correlating the patterns of dna accumulation and cell division. more specifically, the beginning of cell cycle was equated with the beginning of a rapid linear increase in dna accumulation. the dna content of the culture approximately doubled during the period of accumulation, which lasted about 51 ... | 1978 | 96099 |
| dihydrofolate reductase from amethopterin-resistant lactobacillus casei. sequences of the cyanogen bromide peptides and complete sequences of the enzyme. | the complete amino acid sequence of dihydrofolate reductase from an amethopterin-resistant strain of lactobacillus casei has been determined by sequence analysis of peptides produced by cleavage with cyanogen bromide, trypsin, staphylococcal protease, and myxobacter protease. comparison of this sequence with those of reductases from other bacterial sources shows that the enzymes are homologous. the lactobacillus casei reductase sequences shows a 29% sequence identity with that of the escherichia ... | 1978 | 98527 |
| [the etiology of foul brood]. | five hundred and thirty-six samples of honeycombs were examined in a laboratory in the years 1971-1974. in all the samples clinically determined as the foul brood, b. alvei was isolated as a pure culture, and enterococci, or both microorganisms were isolated in mixed form. twenty-five strains of the isolated streptococci were analyzed microbiologically and biochemically; on the basis of their culture and biochemical characteristics five strains were designated as streptococcus faecalis, 14 strai ... | 1978 | 102071 |
| characterization of plasmids in bacteriocin producing strains of streptococcus faecium. | four bacteriocin (enterocin) producing strains of streptococcus faecium were examined for extrachromosomal dna. three strains proved to harbor minicircular plasmid dna of uniform length as evidenced by cscl ethidium bromide density centrifugation and electron microscopy. molecular weight determination obtained through contour length measurements showed 2.4 x 10(6) dalton for s. faecium 25, 3.4 x 10(6) dalton for s. faecium 3 and 3.8 x 10(6) dalton for s. faecium 59. elimination experiments for b ... | 1978 | 104480 |
| precursor-product relationship of intracellular and extracellular lipoteichoic acids of streptococcus faecium. | exponential biosynthesis and excretion of lipoteichoic acid (lta) during the exponential phase of growth, and continued synthesis and excretion during valine starvation of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790), were shown. during exponential growth, extracellular lta (ltax) accounted for approximately 13% of the total lta in cultures, whereas during valine starvation, this percentage increased to approximately 60% within 4 h. ltax was present in a low-molecular-weight, apparently deacyla ... | 1979 | 106043 |
| incidence and relationship of group d streptococci with other indicator organisms in meats. | raw and processed meats were analyzed for presumptive group d streptococci using kf streptococcus agar. counts were compared with coliform, presumptive escherichia coli, and enterobacteriaceae counts but no meaningful relationships were observed. results indicated that group d streptococci and e. coli type i were principally contaminants from the packing plant, rather than at retail level. the predominating group d streptococcus in both beef and pork cuts was streptococcus faecalis, while in pro ... | 1978 | 106944 |
| carriage of group d streptococci in the human bowel. | sixty faecal samples, 39 from adults and 21 from neonates, were investigated by means of a simple scheme to isolate and identify any group d streptococci present. a number of differences were found between the two groups. group d streptococci were absent from 43% of the neonates compared with only 13% of the adults; streptococcus bovis was commoner in the neonates (23.8%) than in the adults (5%), and streptococcus faecium was not isolated from any of the infant samples although it was common in ... | 1978 | 107199 |
| enzymatic deacylation of lipoteichoic acid by protoplasts of streptococcus faecium (streptococcus faecalis atcc 9790). | high-molecular-weight, micellar lipoteichoic acid (lta) was converted to a lower-molecular-weight, apparently deacylated polymer when the former was incubated in the presence of growing protoplasts of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790), but not when incubated in fresh or spent protoplast medium. the mobility of the low-molecular-weight polymer upon agarose gel electrophoresis was indistinguishable from that of native extracellular lipoteichoic acid lta(x) from this organism or from ch ... | 1979 | 108241 |
| morphological and physiological study of autolytic-defective streptococcus faecium strains. | three autolytic-defective mutants of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790) were isolated. all three autolytic-defective mutants exhibited the following properties relative to the parental strain: (i) slower growth rates, especially in chemically defined medium; (ii) decreased rates of cellular autolysis and increased survival after exposure to antibiotics which block cell wall biosynthesis; (iii) decreased rates of cellular autolysis when treated with detergents, suspended in autolysis b ... | 1979 | 108262 |
| folate analogues altered in the c9-n10 bridge region: 11-thiohomofolic acid. | the synthesis of 11-thiohomofolic acid (2) has been accomplished by an unambiguous procedure. reaction of 1-chloro-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)thiophenoxy]-2-butanone (10) with hydroxylamine under carefully controlled conditions gave the corresponding oxime 33. conversion of this oxime to 1-phthalimido-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)thiophenoxy]-2-butanone oxime (4) was carried out by its reaction with potassium phthalimide using crown 18 ether as a catalyst. hydrazinolysis of compound 4 gave 1-amino-4-[p-(carbometh ... | 1979 | 109615 |
| synthesis of aza homologues of folic acid. | folic acid analogues containing an additional nitrogen atom between the phenyl ring and the carbonyl group of the side chain were synthesized. none of the compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against human lymphoblastic leukemia cells (ccrf-cem) in culture or against lactobacillus casei (atcc 7469) growth. against l1210 leukemia in mice, the aza homologue of folic acid, 4, and the aspartic acid analogue, 14, showed no increase in life span over control animals. these compounds were m ... | 1979 | 109617 |
| release of autolytic enzyme from streptococcus, faecium cell walls by treatment with dilute alkali. | the autolytic enzyme (endo-beta-1,4-n-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790) was released in a soluble form from insoluble cell wall-autolytic enzyme complexes by treatment with dilute naoh at 0 degree c. treatment of cell wall-enzyme complexes, obtained from either exponential- or stationary-phase cells, with 0.008 to 0.01 n naoh gave maximum yields of autolytic enzyme activity. at a fixed concentration of naoh, the yield of autolysin increased with increasing ... | 1979 | 110765 |
| species-specific resistance to antimocrobial synergism in streptococcus faecium and streptococcus faecalis. | combinations of penicillin with various aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols were tested against a collection of clinical isolates of streptococcus faecium in vitro and were used to treat endocarditis caused by s. faecium in the rabbit model. s. faecium proved more resistant to penicillin than streptococcus faecalis. even more striking, however, was the resistance to in vitro synergism by combinations of penicillin and various aminoglycosides. at clinically achievable concentrations, penicillin-gentam ... | 1979 | 113469 |
| effect of growth rate on lipid and lipoteichoic acid composition in streptococcus faecium. | the lipid composition of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790) was analyzed at various growth rates. diphosphatidylglycerol and the non-ionic lipid fraction containing diacylglycerols and neutral glycolipids appeared to accumulate relative to cellular mass as the culture mass doubling time increased from 30 to 80 min. within the same range of doubling times the non-ionic lipid fraction appeared to become substantially enriched with diacylglycerols. all lipid species and cellular lipoteic ... | 1979 | 116686 |
| effects of enterocin e1a on the ultrastructure of streptococcus faecium. | streptococcus faecium 158 cells were examined by electron microscopy at sequential intervals after addition of enterocin e1a, a bacteriocin produced by streptococcus faecium e1. after addition of enterocin e1a, the nuclear material began to concentrate into distinct areas at the center of the bacteria. in a later stage, extensive condensation of the nuclear filaments left a small cluster of dense granules within a cytoplasmic vacuole, and 10-20% of the cells underwent a complete lysis. | 1975 | 130829 |
| antifolate studies. activities of 40 potential antimalarial compounds against sensitive and chlorguanide triazine resistant strains of folate-requiring bacteria and escherichia coli. | as part of the search for new antimalarial drugs, a screening program was developed using sensitive and chlorguanide triazine (cgt, cycloguanil) resistant strains of the folate-requiring bacteria, streptococcus faecium durans, lactobacillus casei, and pediococcus cerevisiae. the activities of 40 compounds have been studied against these strains and escherichia coli. observations have been made on the points of 50% growth inhibition, the fold increase of resistance shown to each compound by the r ... | 1977 | 137981 |
| synthesis and biological activities of some uronic acids, uronates, uronamides, and urononitriles of pyrimidine nucleosides. | the 5'-hydroxymethylene function of several uracil and cytosine nucleosides has been modified to produce a variety of uronic acids, uronates, uronamides, and urononitriles of 2'-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl- and beta-d-arabino-pentofuranosylpyrimidines. in addition, the 5 position in many of these nucleosides has been substituted by a halogen atom. twenty-one of the 35 compounds synthesized and examined for biological activity have not been previously reported. the purity of the products ... | 1978 | 214555 |
| regulatory control of tetrahydrofolate coenzymes in folate auxotrophs. | the interrelated enzymic reactions of folate metabolism are presented and key tetrahydrofolate-producing reactions are emphasized. as observed with the methotrexate (mtx)-resistant mutant strain streptococcus faecium var. durans/ak, the regulatory roles of serine and purines in controlling their own synthesis by the repression of enzymes required for co-factor synthesis are reviewed. positive induction of the dihydrofolate reductase activity of this mutant by folate and the antagonism of the fol ... | 1977 | 301776 |
| tetrahydrofolate-dependent biosynthesis of ribothymidine in transfer ribonucleic acids of gram-positive bacteria. | trimethoprim, an inhibitor that prevents tetrahydrofolate-dependent transmethylation reactions inbacteria, was used in a comparative study to discriminate between two possible biosynthetic pathways, either the s-adenosylmethionine or the tetrahydrofolate-dependent formation of ribothymidine (rt) in transfer ribonucleic acids (trna's) of several strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. rt-deficient trna's accumulate in trimethoprim-treated gram-positive streptococcus faecium, st ... | 1977 | 318638 |
| mutagenic studies of folic acid antagonists. | compounds that compete with folic acid (folic acid antagonists [faas]) become limited in their usefulness in the treatment of leukemia, malaria, and bacterial infections by the rapid development of resistance. assays of the plasma levels of certain of these faas led to the observation, in about 25% of the determinations, that a higher density of growth of streptococcus faecium var. durans (atcc 8043) was obtained at an faa concentration just below the completely inhibitory level than at one-half ... | 1977 | 329758 |
| sorption of streptococcus faecium to glass. | a method has been developed by which to study the sorption of streptococcus faecium to soda-lime cover glasses. conditions were chosen to minimize the influence on sorption of bacterial polymer production, passive sorption being studied rather than attachment mediated by metabolic activities. sorption of s. faecium increased with increasing temperature (to 50 degrees c), time, and cell concentration, but equilibrium apparently was not reached even after incubation for 8 hours or at a cell concen ... | 1977 | 402789 |
| sorption of streptococci to glass: effects of macromolecular solutes. | macromolecular solutes (albumin, concanavalin a, whole saliva, serum) caused impaired sorption of streptococcus faecium and streptococcus sanguis to glass. the inhibitory effect resided chiefly with interactions of the solutes with the glass surface. in the case of sorption of s. sanguis to glass in the presence of parotid fluid, the inhibitory effect was counteracted by a specific attachment of s. sanguis cells mediated by some component(s) of the parotid fluid. agglutination of the test organi ... | 1977 | 402790 |
| [electronenmicroscopic studies on cells of listeria monocytogenes treated with enterocin (author's transl)]. | purified enterocin e1a, a bacteriocin produced by streptococcus faecium e1, had a strong bactericidal activity on susceptible cells of listeria monocytogenes. electronmicroscopic observation of thin sections of l. monocytogenes, treated with enterocin e1a at a concentration that gave 0.1% survivors, revealed that the predominant features of morphological alterations concern the partial dissolution of the cell content and the damage of the cell envelope which enabled an efflux of cell-material. n ... | 1977 | 403713 |
| inhibition of different serotypes of listeria monocytogenes by enterocins in solid and liquid media. | twenty-one enterocinogenic strains of enterococci were examined for their ability to inhibit 51 strains of listeria monocytogenes belonging to eight different serotypes; 50 strains of l. monocytogenes were uniformly inhibited on solid media and in broth cultures by strains of streptococcus faecium. however, only four strains of l. monocytogenes were inhibited by strains of streptococcus faecalis, s. faecalis v. zymogenes or s. faecalis v. liquefaciens. enterocin e1a prepared from the supernant f ... | 1977 | 408493 |
| diastereoisomers of 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-d-glutamic acid. | the diastereoisomers of 5,10-methylene 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-d-glutamate were resolved and tested as substrates and inhibitors of lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase. no activity was observed. the compounds were neither growth factors nor inhibitors for lactobacillus casei, streptococcus faecium, or pediococcus cerevisiae. 7,8-dihydropteroyl-d-glutamate is 50% as active as 7,8-dihydropteroyl-l-glutamate (dihydrofolate) as a substrate for l. casei dihydrofolate reductase. | 1977 | 410932 |
| a microbiologic disc assay for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the presence of methotrexate. | high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue regimens are used extensively for the treatment of human malignancies. since the rescue agent citrovorum factor is rapidly converted to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, it is desirable to follow the distribution kinetics of both of these coenzymes to assess the selective therapeutic effectiveness of the regimen. the assay methods using methotrexate-resistant strains of lactobacillus casei atcc 7469 (lc/a), streptococcus faecium var. durans atcc 8043 (sf/a ... | 1977 | 413623 |
| cellular autolytic activity in synchronized populations of streptococcus faecium. | the autolytic capacity of streptococcus faecium (s. faecalis atcc 9790) varied during synchronous cell division. this phenomenon was initially observed in rapidly dividing populations (td=30 to 33 min) synchronized by a combination of induction and size selection techniques. to minimize the problems inherent in studies of cells containing overlapping chromosome cycles and possible artifacts generated by induction techniques, the autolytic capacities of slowly dividing populations (td=60 to 110 m ... | 1978 | 415050 |
| purification and properties of l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase from streptococcus faecium atcc 12755. | a procedure was developed to purify the streptococcus faecium atcc 12755 l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 131,000 and the subunit molecular weight was 72,000. two moles of fad were bound/mol of enzyme. apo-l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase displayed physical properties similar to the holoenzyme as judged by electrophoresis in 10% buffer gels at ph 8.5 and by centrifugation in a 5 to 20% linear sucrose gradient. the apoenzyme was completely reactiva ... | 1979 | 429313 |
| laser light scattering bioassay for 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-c, nsc-63878). | a bioassay method for the estimation of ara-c in biological samples which utilizes laser light scattering from suspensions of drug-sensitive bacteria has been developed. the species employed in the assay was streptococcus faecium var. durans resistant to methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine. in less than four hours, serum and urine levels of ara-c can be reproducibly measured using the method. a sample volume of 0.1 ml containing 30 ng/ml may be assayed with a precision of +/-10 percent. the presen ... | 1978 | 674821 |
| the effect of compounds which degrade hydrogen peroxide on the enumeration of heat-stressed cells of salmonella senftenberg. | greater than 90% of heat-stressed cells of salmonella senftenberg failed to grow on trypticase soy agar. adding to this medium compounds which are capable of degrading hydrogen peroxide allowed growth of the heat-injured cells. these compounds did not stimulate growth of heated cells of streptococcus faecium, an organism which does not possess catalase. | 1978 | 679073 |
| inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis at a postcytoplasmic reaction in a stable l-phase variant of streptococcus faecium. | cultures of a stable l-phase variant of streptococcus faecium f24 produced and retained peptidoglycan precursors intracellularly over the entire growth cycle in a chemically defined medium. the identity of the most abundant precursor, udp n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-l-lysyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine (udp-murnac-pentapeptide), was confirmed by demonstrating in vitro the presence of enzymes required for the cytoplasmic stage of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. the initial membrane-bound reaction in pe ... | 1978 | 690080 |
| the amino acid sequence of dihydrofolate reductase from the mouse lymphoma l1210. | the determination of the amino acid sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase (ec 1.5.1.3) from cells of the mouse lymphoma l1210 is described. the protein was cleaved by cyanogen bromide to produce the six fragments cb1 (residues 1 to 14), cb2 (residues 15 to 52), cb3 (residues 53 to 111), cb4 (residues 115 to 125), cb5 (residues 126 to 139), and cb6 (residues 140 to 186). one of the fragments, cb2, contained an internal homoserine derived from a methionine which was not cleaved by cyanogen bromi ... | 1979 | 762074 |
| studies of cephalothin: aminoglycoside synergism against enterococci. | combinations of cephalothin and aminoglycoside antibiotics are not currently used in the therapy of serious enterococcal infections, because clinical trials of these combinations have been unsuccessful. studies of 28 enterococci isolated from patients with enterococcal bacteremia suggested three possible mechanisms for this in vivo antibiotic failure: (i) a relatively high level of resistance to cephalothin among all enterococci and especially those characterized as streptococcus faecium, (ii) a ... | 1975 | 807155 |
| synthesis of n-10-methyl-4-thiofolic acid and related compounds. | compound 21 (n10-methyl-4-thiofolic acid) and related compounds were prepared as potential inhibitors of the cofactor forms of tetrahydrofolate. the preparation of 2-acetylamino-4-(benzylthio)-6-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine (4) provided an intermediate that was allowed to react with methyl p-[(3-aminoacetonyl)methylamino]benzoate oxime (16). the oxime function of the resulting 6-substituted aminopyrimidine 6 was hydrolyzed to give the corresponding acetonylaminopyrimidine 7, which on reductive cycli ... | 1975 | 807732 |
| methotrexate analogs. 6. replacement of glutamic acid by various amino acid esters and amines. | a series of methotrexate (mtx) analogs was prepared in which the glutamic acid moiety is replaced by various amino acid esters and amines. the synthetic method consisted of the reaction of 4-amino-4-deoxy-n10-methylpteroic acid with various reagents to form intermediate mixed anhydrides, which then reacted with amino acid esters or amines to give the mtx analogs. these compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against streptococcus faecium and for antitumor activity against l1210 leukemia ... | 1975 | 808614 |
| the structure of dihydrofolate reductase. identification of methionine residues carboxymethylated by iodoacetate with loss of catalytic activity. | dihydrofolate reductase from the amethopterin-resistant mutant (strain a) of streptococcus faecium var. durans was reacted with iodo[14c]acetate according to three procedures; (a) in the absence of an inhibitor, (b) in the presence of aminopterin, and (c) in absence of inhibitor, but after treatment with unlabeled iodoacetate in presence of aminopterin. the first and last procedures resulted in the loss of approximately 90% of the catalytic activity, whereas in the presence of aminopterin essent ... | 1975 | 809271 |
| phage typing scheme for group d streptococci isolated from human urogenital tract. | streptococci of lancefield group d were isolated from 52.2% of pharyngeal, 55.5% of urethral, 56.6% of endocervical, and 75.4% of ano-rectal specimens. seventeen phages isolated from sewage and urogenital specimens were selected for phage typing. four of these lysed only the strains of streptococcus faecalis and its variety liquefaciens. another six phages lysed only the strains of streptococcus faecium and its variety durans. with the help of seven bacteriophages, 346 of 384 (90.1%) strains of ... | 1975 | 810495 |
| streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium in infected dental root canals at filling and their susceptibility to azidocillin and some comparable antibiotics. | the study was performed on 612 routine cultures of material obtained from root canals of teeth at the time of filling (r-cultures) by students at the department of endodontics during a continuous period of one year. twenty-nine isolates from 27 (29.3%) of the 92 positive cultures filled the criteria of enterococci (sherman, 1937) and had demonstrable group d-antigen. with a set of tests these isolates were identified as follows: strep. faecalis subsp. faecalis (10), strep. faecalis subsp. zymoge ... | 1975 | 810753 |
| quinazolines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. 3. analogs of pteroic and isopteroic acids. | a series of 19 quinazoline analogs of pteroic and isopteroic acid was prepared with particular emphasis being placed upon carboxylic acid esters. each compound was evaluated as an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver as well as from streptococcus faecium. several of the more potent inhibitors were found to be inactive against l1210 leukemia in mice at low dose levels and were lethal to mice at 100 mg/kg. six compounds were also evaluated for antimalarial activity against plas ... | 1975 | 811798 |
| urease activity in the rumen of sheep and the isolation of ureolytic bacteria. | urease activity in the sheep rumen varied with the diet of the sheep, but appeared to be largely or entirely present in the small bacterial fraction. screening of over 1000 strains of rumen bacteria isolated on different media showed that urease activity was apparently confined to species of staphylococcus, lactobacillus casei var. casei and klebsiella aerogenes. consideration of the numbers in which these occurred and their activities suggested that the bacteria could not be responsible for the ... | 1976 | 812952 |
| [studies on the growth requirements of enterococci (author's transl)]. | the growth requirements of biochemically defined strains of the enterococcus species streptococcus faecium, s. faecalis, s. faecalis var. zymogenes and s. faecalis var. liquefaciens were compared. arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, methionine and valine were essential and isoleucine, tryptophan, adenine and uracil were stimulatory to growth for all testes strains. variation in the specific requirements occur for alanine, glycine, and serine representing strains differences. threonine w ... | 1975 | 816110 |
| identical nutritional requirements of streptococcus faecium f24 and a derived stable l-phase variant. | the nutritional requirements of streptococcus faecium f24 and a lysozyme-produced stable l-phase variant of this strain appear to be identical. thus, conversion of bacteria to the stable l-phase can occur without changes in nutritional requirements. | 1977 | 838681 |
| quinazolines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. 4. classical analogues of folic and isofolic acids. | a series of classical quinazoline analogues of folic and isofolic acids was evaluated for inhibitory activity against the dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver and from streptococcus faecium. included in this group were the known active antitumor agents methasquin and chlorasquin as well as methotrexate. two new compounds, n10-formyl-5,8-deazaaminopterin and n10-formyl-5,8-deazafolic acid, were synthesized specifically for this study. the latter displayed modest activity against l1210 leukemia ... | 1977 | 850245 |
| a chemically-defined medium for the growth of a ureolytic strain of streptococcus faecium. | a chemically-defined medium was developed which supported growth of streptococcus faecium and permitted synthesis of urease. this streptococcus cannot utilize ammonia and needs a complex medium, but its requirements are probably provided in the rumen. the specific activity of urease was inversely related to growth and in no medium was there high growth and high urease activity. anaerobic culture and the presence of urea in the medium were essential for urease activity, but not for growth. | 1976 | 1034671 |
| the structure of the mutant dihydrofolate reductase from streptococcus faecium. amino acid sequence of peptide cnbr 7 and complete sequence of the protein. | the complete amino acid sequence of the mutant dihydrofolate reductase from streptococcus faecium var. durans strain a has been determined by sequence analysis of peptides produced by tryptic, chymotryptic, thermolytic, and mild acid cleavage of the large peptide cnbr 7 and from previously reported studies. the sequence of the s. faecium enzyme is compared to the reported sequence of dihydrofolate reductase from escherichia coli and the two are shown to contain two domains of substantial homolog ... | 1975 | 1097435 |
| purification and characterization of two bacteriocins from streptococcus faecium. | two bacteriocins were found in the supernatant fluid and in an extract of streptococcus faecium strain ei. the small soluble enterocin eia represented more than 90% of the total activity in the supernatant fluid, and was purified 400-fold by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration on sephadex g-75 and chromatography on deae-cellulose. enterocin eib, with a particle weight greater than 4 x 10(6), was the predominant type in the extract. it was released in appreciable quantities after brea ... | 1975 | 1097585 |
| [studies on the relationship of temperent phages and bacteriocines of streptococcus faecium (author's transl)]. | two bacteriocins (enterocin e1a and e1b) as well as a complete bacteriophage (pe1) were produced by streptococcus faecium strain e1. although the phage could be demonstrated by electron microscopy it was not possible to observe phages or phage-like particles in the purified preparation of the large enterocin e1b. phage pe1 had a much smaller activity spectrum than that of enterocin e1a and e1b, inhibiting only one strain of streptococcus faecium and one strain of streptococcus salivarius. the en ... | 1975 | 1101576 |
| the elimination of urease activity in streptococcus faecium as evidence for plasmid-coded urease. | a strain of streptococcus faecium from the sheep rumen showed spontaneous loss of urease activity when subcultured at the normal rumen temperature of 38 degrees c, although in mixed cultures in vivo or in vitro loss of urease was not apparent. the rate of loss of urease in pure cultures was increased at incubation temperatures above 38 degrees c, but loss was never complete. however, at temperatures below 38 degrees c loss was greater, and at 22 or 18 degrees c the urease was completely eliminat ... | 1976 | 1107485 |
| the structure of dihydrofolate reductase. i. inactivation of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase concomitant with modification of a methionine residue at the active site. | carboxymethylation by iodoacetate of dihydrofolate reductase from the amethopterin-resistant mutant streptococcus faecium var. durans strain a leads to a loss of enzymic activity. amino acid analysis showed that methionine is the only amino acid residue significantly affected by iodoacetate under the experimental conditions, and this was confirmed by the use of [1-14-c]iodoacetate and ion exchange chromatography of the products obtained by acid hydrolysis of the modified enzyme. during loss of 9 ... | 1975 | 1112818 |
| mode of action of two streptococcus faecium bacteriocins. | the mechanism of action of enterocins e1a and e1b, bacteriocins produced by streptococcus faecium e1, was studied. the enterocins killed susceptible cells rapidly, but cell lysis does not appear to be involved directly. susceptible cells could be rescued from the lethal damage by trypsin treatment only within 2 to 3 min after addition of enterocin e1a. enterocins e1a and e1b inhibited protein synthesis and drastically reduced biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and ribonucleic acid (rna) ... | 1975 | 1137363 |
| susceptibility of various serogroups of streptococci to clindamycin and lincomycin. | the minimal inhibitory concentration of lincomycin and clindamycin for a large number of strains from multiple serogroups of streptococci was determined. the median minimal inhibitory concentration for streptococci from groups a, b, c, f, g, h, l, and m and nongroupable organisms ranged from 0.02 to 0.39 mug of lincomycin per ml and from </=0.01 to 0.09 mug of clindamycin per ml. among the group d strains, streptococcus faecium and streptococcus faecalis were resistant to lincomycin and clindamy ... | 1975 | 1137367 |
| the structure of the mutant dihydrofolate reductase from streptococcus faecium. partial sequence and order of the limited tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides. | the major form of dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant mutant (strain a) of streptococcus faecium var. durans has been purified on a large scale. amino acid analysis of this form of the enzyme (isoenzyme 2) reveals an absence of cystine or cysteine, and sedimentation studies indicate a molecular weight of 20,800. the nh2-terminal sequence was determined by edman degradation of the intact protein and the cooh terminus by selective tritiation and by carboxypeptidase treatment. aft ... | 1975 | 1150647 |
| microbiologic assay for cytosine arabinoside (nsc-63878): the use of a mutant of streptococcus faecium var. durans resistant to methotrexate (nsc-740) and 6-mercaptopurine (nsc-755). | cytosine arabinoside has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and lymphomas, especially in combination with other established anticancer agents such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine. a microbiologic assay capable of detecting cytosine arabinoside in the presence of such anticancer agents in body fluids has been developed using a strain of streptococcus faecium var. durans resistant to methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine; the assay can also be used to d ... | 1975 | 1203881 |
| the influence of culture conditions on carotenogenesis in streptococcus faecium unh564p. | the growth of streptococcus faecium unh564p and its production of triterpenoid carotenoids under a variety of culture conditions were examined. total extractable cell lipid and carotenoid levels increased with culture age and paralleled the growth curve of the bacterium. variations of the medium glucose concentration produced significant changes in both cell growth and carotenoid production, with the xanthophyll content decreasing at high glucose concentrations. carotenoid degradation products w ... | 1976 | 1255133 |
| triterpenoid carotenoids and related lipids. triterpenoid carotenoid aldehydes from streptococcus faecium unh 564p. | 1. the identification of two novel triterpenoid xanthophylls from streptococcus faecium unh 564p is described. 2. both are aldehydes and were identified as 4,4'-diaponeurosporen-4-al and 4,4'-diapolycopen-4-al. 3. a pathway is presented for the biosynthesis of these and other triterpenoid carotenoids in s. faecium. | 1976 | 1275886 |
| in vitro evaluation of bay y3118, a new full-spectrum fluoroquinolone. | bay y3118, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8- chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity against an expanded spectrum of species including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and also anaerobes such as bacteriodes fragilis and clostridium perfringens. mic90s for s. aureus, s. epidermid ... | 1992 | 1288961 |
| the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on gastrointestinal enterococcal colonization in itu patients. | the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) on intensive therapy unit (itu)-acquired enterococcal infection and colonization was studied. changes in the predominant species isolated and resistance patterns to antimicrobial agents were also studied. | 1992 | 1289369 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium: headline news. | | 1992 | 1289396 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in hospitalized children. | determine the epidemiology and risk factors for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | 1992 | 1289397 |
| dap-decarboxylase activity and lysine production by rumen bacteria. | the last step of pathway of lysine biosynthesis by rumen bacteria was tested. the first measurements of dap-decarboxylase activity and of lysine production by megasphera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, clostridium spp., butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides succinogenes as well as the first attempts to increase the lysine production by ruminal streptococci by mutation are described. the highest values were measured in selenomonas ruminantium (dap-decarboxylase activity = 146 micrograms da ... | 1992 | 1295484 |
| [the effect of culture media on bacteriocin production in various strains of bacteria]. | some staphylococcus and enterococcus strains were used to investigate the effect of culture medium on bacteriocin production. staphylococcus cohnii sc7, staphylococcus sp. ztj 151, s. saprophyticus ss 877, enterococcus faecium ef1 and e. faecalis efg2 were isolated from the rumen wall and contents of lambs, calves and fallow deer, enterococcus gallinarum eg10 and e. avium ea12 were isolated from the caecum of japanese quail. the tested bacteria belong to producers with a wide antimicrobial effec ... | 1992 | 1297243 |
| antibacterial in vitro-activity of meropenem against 200 clinical isolates in comparison to 11 selected antibiotics. | the antimicrobial activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was tested in vitro by an agar dilution method against 200 clinical isolates (gram-negative/positive aerobes and anaerobes). meropenem was compared with imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin; and metronidazole, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, vancomycin when appropriate. meropenem and imipenem exhibited an extended spectrum of activity with low minimal inhibitory concentrations (mi ... | 1992 | 1303691 |
| high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci. | in recent years enterococci have been isolated with increasing frequency in association with serious infections. suitable therapy for empirical treatment can only be chosen on the basis of susceptibility studies. the synergistic effects obtained by the combination of aminoglycosides with penicillin or vancomycin disappear in strains that show high level resistance (hlr) to the former. this highlights the importance of correct identification of the species of enterococcus (especially enterococcus ... | 1992 | 1306949 |
| multiply-resistant enterococcus faecium. the nosocomial pathogen of the 1990s. | | 1992 | 1308665 |
| susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis. | we collected 103 clinical enterococcus faecium isolates from across canada, performed standard broth microdilution susceptibility testing, and compared these results with results from the microscan pos mic type 6 panel (baxter health care corp., west sacramento, calif.) and the ams-vitek gram-positive susceptibility card (vitek inc., st. louis, mo.). high-level aminoglycoside resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin was detected by a single-concentration agar method with 1,000 micrograms of eac ... | 1992 | 1310332 |
| streptococcal products and leukocyte activities. | various streptococcal species are directly responsible for udder infections which should normally be countered by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns). in order to detect a putative inhibition of streptococcal products on the activities of bovine pmns, we used a combination of four tests which permits an adequate evaluation of pmns functions, e.g. pmn adherence on endothelial cells, chemotactic assay, phagocytosis of bacteria labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) and measurement of ani ... | 1992 | 1315085 |
| typing of enterococcus species by dna restriction fragment analysis. | enterococci are a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infection, being associated with urinary tract infections, wound sepsis, bacteremia, and endocarditis. the source of infection is usually thought to be endogenous, but some evidence points to cross-infection between patients. a better understanding of the epidemiology of enterococci has been limited by the lack of a good discriminatory typing system. this report describes the application of two dna-based typing methods to enterococcus faecali ... | 1992 | 1315338 |
| a truncated tn916-like element in a clinical isolate of enterococcus faecium. | a 58.7-kb nonconjugative plasmid (pkq1) previously reported in a clinical isolate of enterococcus faecium was found to contain both a tetm and an erythromycin resistance (erm) determinant. the plasmid contained a region homologous to the a, f, h, and g hincii fragments of tn916. however, the 4.8-kb b fragment of tn916 which contained the tetm determinant was replaced by a 7.3-kb fragment, and the 3.6-kb hincii c fragment of tn916 was missing. an element homologous to tn917 was juxtaposed to the ... | 1992 | 1319593 |
| identical genes confer high-level resistance to gentamicin upon enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and streptococcus agalactiae. | the structural gene coding for the bifunctional aminoglycoside-modifying 6'-acetyltransferase-2''-phosphotransferase (6'aac-2''aph) enzyme was specifically amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using template dna of clinical isolates of enterococci (both enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium) and the single high-level gentamicin-resistant streptococcus agalactiae strain identified thus far. the results of the present study demonstrated that the genes encoding this antibiotic resist ... | 1992 | 1329614 |
| molecular typing of ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus faecium isolates from diverse geographic areas. | molecular typing methods were compared by using 66 ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus faecium clinical isolates from diverse geographic areas. whole-plasmid analysis, restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid dna with ecori and hindiii, and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis with digestion by smai and apai were performed on all isolates. whole-plasmid analysis identified 47 different groups. restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid dna identified 5 ... | 1992 | 1333477 |
| daptomycin or teicoplanin in combination with gentamicin for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to a highly glycopeptide-resistant isolate of enterococcus faecium. | using an experimental endocarditis model, we studied the activity of daptomycin used alone or in combination with gentamicin against an enterococcus faecium strain that was highly resistant to glycopeptides and susceptible to gentamicin. in vitro, the mic of daptomycin was 1 micrograms/ml. in vivo, daptomycin appeared to be effective only when it was used in a high-dose regimen, i.e., 12 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h (-2.5 log10 cfu/g versus controls; p < 0.05), particularly when it was combine ... | 1992 | 1336339 |
| occurrence and mechanisms of glycopeptide resistance in gram-positive cocci. | despite belief that the unique mechanism of glycopeptide action would preclude the development of resistance in susceptible organisms, clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci resistant to these compounds have been described. among the enterococci, there are at least three types of resistance. type a (high-level) resistance was described in enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis. it is inducible and mediated by elaboration and/or increased activity of at least three enzymes: a ligase, a ... | 1992 | 1344669 |
| pristinamycin for enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin and gentamicin. | | 1992 | 1346324 |
| chlorhexidine sensitivity of enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin, high levels of gentamicin, or both. | | 1992 | 1348760 |
| enterococcal superinfection in paediatric oncology patients treated with imipenem. | | 1992 | 1351170 |
| antibiotic-resistant enterococci. | enterococci have emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infection. successful antibiotic treatment of serious enterococcal infection usually depends on the synergistic bactericidal effect achieved by the combination of a cell wall-active agent, such as ampicillin or a glycopeptide, and an aminoglycoside. however, the prevalence of enterococci resistant to one or more of these antibiotics is increasing, and has resulted in serious therapeutic difficulties. the mechanisms of antibiotic resist ... | 1992 | 1351492 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s ribosomal dna of streptococcus and enterococcus species of bovine origin. | twelve bacterial species including streptococcus uberis, s. parauberis, s. agalactiae, s. dysgalactiae, s. bovis, s. mitis, s. salivarius, s. saccharolyticus, enterococcus faecium, e. faecalis, e. avium, and aerococcus viridans were examined for their 16s ribosomal dna fingerprint patterns. oligonucleotide primers complementary to 16s rrna genes were used to amplify by the polymerase chain reaction 16s ribosomal gene fragments from genomic dnas. the molecular sizes of the amplified 16s ribosomal ... | 1992 | 1357000 |
| [adhesion capacity of enterococcus faecium (sf 68) and enterococcus faecalis to various substrates]. | the author's studied the adherence ability of enterococcus faecium sf 68 compared to that of enterococcus faecalis im 11f, on various substrates: vascular catheters and cardiac valves of rabbit, immunodepressed rats and diabetic rats. the bacterial adherence test was calculated by the number of bacteria adhered for microscopic field enlarged to 2000. the data obtained by scanning electron microscope sem (cambridge stereoscan 150 mk2) revealed a different adherence action of the two germs on the ... | 1992 | 1365744 |
| characterization of enterococcal isolates by restriction enzyme analysis of genomic dna. | a restriction enzyme analysis (rea) of chromosomal dna for the intra-species characterization of enterococci is reported. the dna was extracted by a rapid method and digested with the restriction enzyme sal i to provide a characteristic 'fingerprint' consisting of 10-20 bands in the 1.6-5.0 kb range. one hundred and eighty enterococcal isolates were examined; 5 were type strains, 15 from an out-patient clinic and 160 from a geographically isolated british antarctic survey base. the epidemiologic ... | 1992 | 1379935 |
| sequence of the vany gene required for production of a vancomycin-inducible d,d-carboxypeptidase in enterococcus faecium bm4147. | cloning and nucleotide sequencing identified the vany gene as a member of the vancomycin-resistance van gene cluster of enterococcal plasmid, pip816. the vany gene was necessary for synthesis of the vancomycin-inducible d,d-carboxypeptidase activity previously proposed to be responsible for glycopeptide resistance. however, this activity was not required for peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of glycopeptides. the deduced product of vany did not display significant similarity with other d,d ... | 1992 | 1398115 |
| photosensitizing activity of water- and lipid-soluble phthalocyanines on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial cells. | the photosensitizing activity of lipophilic zinc-phthalocyanine (zn-pc) and its water-soluble sulphonated derivative (zn-pcs) towards streptococcus faecium and candida albicans was studied and correlated with the amount of cell-bound photosensitizer. with both micro-organisms zn-pcs was more tightly bound in larger amounts than zn-pc in the protoplasts of the cytoplasmic membrane. as a consequence, the photoinduced damage in s. faecium initially involved membrane proteins, while dna was modified ... | 1992 | 1406343 |
| bacteremia due to vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium of van b phenotype during prophylaxis with vancomycin. | | 1992 | 1420707 |
| serum cholesterol levels in axenic mice colonized with enterococcus faecium and lactobacillus acidophilus. | hypocholesterolemic effect was shown in axenic, mono, bicolonized and conventional mice: the effect was different depending on probiotic properties of intestinal microorganisms. contamination by enterococcus faecium cx determined the highest effect: haematic cholesterol level decrease was 16.9% in females and 7.8% in males. in mice contaminated by lactobacillus acidophilus n5 the decrease of haematic cholesterol levels was less and not relevant in mice contaminated by conventional microflora. en ... | 1992 | 1435354 |
| absence of synergistic activity between ampicillin and vancomycin against highly vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | the emergence of clinical enterococcal isolates resistant to both ampicillin and vancomycin is a cause of great concern, as there are few therapeutic alternatives for treatment of infections caused by such organisms. we evaluated the effects of the combination of ampicillin with vancomycin against vancomycin-resistant clinical enterococcal isolates. using both the checkerboard technique and time-kill curves, we examined 28 strains of enterococci (17 enterococcus faecalis and 11 enterococcus faec ... | 1992 | 1444300 |
| characterization and partial purification of a bacteriocin produced by leuconostoc carnosum la44a. | twenty leuconostoc strains isolated from vacuum packaged vienna-type sausages were screened for antagonistic activity against various gram-positive organisms (including listeria spp.). one of the three strains exhibiting inhibitory activity was chosen for further investigation. this strain was identified as leuc. carnosum and the inhibitory substance produced was named carnosin. carnosin was inactivated by trypsin but not by catalase or other non-proteolytic enzymes tested. carnosin retained act ... | 1992 | 1445765 |
| rapid increase in the prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures during 1989-1991. | at st elizabeth hospital medical center in youngstown, ohio, usa, the first blood culture isolate of enterococcus faecalis with high-level gentamicin resistance (mic > 2000 mg/l) was seen in 1985, and the prevalence of high-level gentamicin resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures during 1985-8 was 9%. during the period 1989-91, the prevalence of high-level gentamicin resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures increased to 35% (44 of 126 strains). increases in the ... | 1992 | 1452493 |
| use of the e test to predict high-level resistance to aminoglycosides among enterococci. | the e test and the reference agar dilution methods were compared for detecting high-level aminoglycoside resistance (hlar) among 71 selected clinical isolates, including 62 enterococcus faecalis and 9 enterococcus faecium isolates. high-level gentamicin resistance alone was found in 11% (5 e. faecalis and 3 e. faecium strains) and high-level streptomycin resistance was found in 42% (28 e. faecalis, 2 e. faecium strains) of the strains tested, and 31% of the strains demonstrated high-level resist ... | 1992 | 1452679 |
| [the use of totally decontaminated mice under conditions of complete gnotobiological isolation for obtaining highly adhesive strains of streptococcus faecium]. | | 1992 | 1455977 |
| biosynthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | in the presence of bacitracin, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vana phenotype) accumulate udp-n-acetylmuramyl(udp-mur-nac)-tetrapeptide and a udp-murnac-depsipentapeptide containing lactate substituted for the carboxy-terminal-d-alanine residue. in an in vitro peptidoglycan polymerization assay, the modified precursors function and confer resistance to vancomycin. | 1992 | 1459398 |
| comparative in vitro activity of clarithromycin. spanish collaborative group. | the activity in vitro of clarithromycin, a new macrolide, was compared to that of various antibiotics in tests using 3,880 clinical isolates. clarithromycin was two times more active than erythromycin against staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococci of groups c, g and f, brucella melitensis, legionella pneumophila and mycoplasma spp., 16 times more active against ureaplasma urealyticum and 2 to 4 times less active against campylobacter spp. in general, cla ... | 1992 | 1468430 |