| characterization of the streptococcus mutans gs-5 frua gene encoding exo-beta-d-fructosidase. | the complete nucleotide sequence (5,010 bp) of the fructanase gene (frua) and flanking regions of the chromosome of streptococcus mutans gs-5 was determined. the frua gene appears to be the sole transcript arising from a proximal promoter. the presumed precursor of the secreted frua protein consists of 1,423 amino acids, and it has an m(r) of 158,656 and a pi of 4.82. the n terminus of frua has characteristics in common with signal peptides of gram-positive organisms. the c terminus consists of ... | 1992 | 1398976 |
| reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase involvement in defense against oxygen toxicity of streptococcus mutans. | the growth inhibition of the streptococcus mutans group, including streptococcus mutans, streptococcus cricetus, streptococcus rattus and streptococcus sobrinus, on glucose by oxygen and the properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) oxidase induced by oxygen, using a representative oxygen-tolerant strain, were examined. the growth response to oxygen varied among strains and correlated with the level of nadh oxidase activity in the cell extract. the induced synthesis of nadh ... | 1992 | 1494456 |
| effects of arginine and arginyl-l-arginine on the glucose-mediated ph fall of streptococcus rattus and streptococcus milleri (short communication). | | 1992 | 1521307 |
| adhesion of mutants streptococci to glass with and without a salivary coating as studied in a parallel-plate flow chamber. | deposition and adhesion to glass with and without a salivary coating in a parallel-plate flow chamber were studied with four strains of mutans streptococci. stationary-state adhesion of the strains to uncoated glass ranged from 0.3 x 10(6) cm-2 (streptococcus rattus hg218) to 12.7 x 10(6) cm-2 (streptococcus sobrinus hg1025) and generally decreased after saliva coating of the glass. the poor adhesion found for s. rattus hg218 to both uncoated and saliva-coated glass could be due to its relativel ... | 1992 | 1573082 |
| structure of the type-specific polysaccharide antigen of streptococcus rattus. | the structure of the type-specific polysaccharide antigen of streptococcus rattus was determined by methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and by 2d-1h- and 13c-n.m.r.-spectroscopy. the polysaccharide was found to possess the trisaccharide repeating unit----3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1----2)-[alpha-d-galp-(1----3)]-alpha-l-+ ++rhap- (1----. | 1991 | 1715236 |
| comparison of the physicochemical surface properties of streptococcus rattus with those of other mutans streptococcal species. | mutans streptococci comprise a group of seven closely related, yet distinct species. the distinction between the four species used in this study, namely streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus cricetus, streptococcus rattus, and streptococcus mutans, has been made only recently on the basis of dna homologies. in order to determine if there is a difference in the physicochemical surface properties of these species, strains were characterized by contact angles, zeta potentials and isoelectric points ... | 1991 | 1810653 |
| effects of lysozyme-thiocyanate combinations on the viability and lactic acid production of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus rattus. | effects of human lysozyme (hlz) combined with thiocyanate (scn-) ions on mutans streptococci, both in physiologic salivary concentrations, were studied. the bacteria were incubated for 75 min either in hlz-supplemented sterilized human whole saliva (ph 5 and 7) or in neutral buffer in the presence or absence of hlz (30 mg/l)-scn- (1-5 mm) combinations. hlz had no inhibitory effect on the viability of streptococcus mutans, serotype c, either in saliva or in buffer, not even at ph 5, in the presen ... | 1991 | 1882653 |
| streptococcus cricetus and streptococcus rattus bind to different segments of collagen molecules. | strains of streptococcus cricetus and streptococcus rattus exhibited striking differences in their ability to bind to different types of collagen. for example, s. cricetus aht bound in highest numbers to hydroxyapatite (ha) treated with human type v collagen, while rat type i collagen was ineffective. in contrast, human type v collagen was least effective in promoting attachment of s. rattus lb-1, while treatment with rat or human type i collagen was effective. adsorption of both species to huma ... | 1990 | 1964204 |
| binding of streptococci of the "mutans" group to type 1 collagen associated with apatitic surfaces. | the present study surveyed the ability of 21 strains of cariogenic streptococci of the "mutans" group to bind to human type 1 collagen adsorbed on hydroxyapatite (ha) surfaces. all strains of streptococcus cricetus (serotype a) and streptococcus rattus (serotype b) tested attached strongly to collagen-treated ha (c-ha). streptococcus mutans strains of serotype c and streptococcus sobrinus strains of serotype d or g attached poorly; or not at all, to c-ha. s. mutans strains omz-175 (serotype f) a ... | 1990 | 2080067 |
| saliva-induced aggregation of oral streptococci and the influence of blood group reactive substances. | aggregation of strains of streptococcus rattus, strep. mutans and strep. salivarius by saliva from individuals of blood groups a, b and o was investigated. blood group a salivas had a significantly higher aggregation activity with strep. rattus than blood group b salivas (p less than 0.05). however, strep. mutans and strep. salivarius were better aggregated by blood group b saliva and this was significant for strep. mutans (p less than 0.05). for all three strains, the variance within blood grou ... | 1990 | 2088217 |
| isolation, characterization, and inhibition kinetics of enolase from streptococcus rattus fa-1. | one aspect in a broad spectrum of possible mechanisms of cariostatic reactions of fluoride is its interaction with the metabolism of oral bacteria. information on the mechanisms and kinetics of fluoride inhibition of essential enzymes of the glycolytic pathway of the relevant bacteria is lacking. in this work, the isolation and purification of enolase from streptococcus rattus and its characterization are described. the enzyme has been isolated in a monomeric (22 kilodaltons) and dimeric (49 kil ... | 1990 | 2318530 |
| influence of the blood group reactive substances in saliva on the aggregation of streptococcus rattus. | the interaction of blood group reactive substances in saliva with bacteria was investigated by testing saliva from persons with different blood groups in a bacterial aggregation assay with streptococcus rattus hg 59, originally s. rattus bht. for blood group a, saliva from 10 persons out of 11 aggregated s. rattus and for blood group o, saliva from 10 persons out of 16 aggregated s. rattus. for blood group b, saliva from 6 persons out of 8 aggregated s. rattus weakly and the average aggregation ... | 1990 | 2321934 |
| involvement of human mucous saliva and salivary mucins in the aggregation of the oral bacteria streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis, and streptococcus rattus. | the contribution of human parotid (par) and submandibular/sublingual (sm/sl) saliva and of the human whole salivary mucin fraction (hwsm) to saliva-induced bacterial aggregation was studied for s. sanguis c476, s. oralis i581, and s. rattus hg 59. the mucous sm/sl saliva showed a much higher aggregation potency towards the s. sanguis and s. oralis strain than did the serous par saliva. the sm/sl saliva-induced aggregation was observed after 30 min, at 60 min followed by the par saliva-induced ag ... | 1990 | 2353808 |
| interactions of micromolar concentrations of fluoride with streptococcus rattus fa-1. | inhibition of the metabolic activities of bacteria by trace amounts of fluoride is manifested phenomenologically as changes in the ph gradient and/or the electrical potential between the cellular interior and the surrounding medium. these data were obtained from the intracellular/extracellular distribution of radioactivity labelled fluoride (18f), 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (14c), and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (14c). when taken up from acidic media, trace concentrations of fluoride ... | 1990 | 2364404 |
| heart cross-reactive antigens of mutans streptococci share epitopes with group a streptococci and myosin. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) generated by immunization of mice with membranes of streptococcus pyogenes manfredo (m type 5) were tested for their reactivity with sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts of streptococcus mutans gs5, streptococcus rattus bht (formerly s. mutans, serotype b), and s. mutans ingbritt 175 in the western blot. the reaction of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-extracted proteins of whole s. mutans, serotype b), and s. rattus with the mab revealed that the shared cross-reactive antigens ... | 1988 | 2447169 |
| talk-back regulation: a regulatory response to the inhibitions of cell surface growth. | the net accumulation of rna and protein was studied in exponentially growing cultures of streptococcus rattus fa-1 (formerly s. mutans fa-1) during periods of antibiotic induced inhibition of cell surface growth. disruption of either the cytoplasmic, membrane, or final assembly steps of peptidoglycan (pg) synthesis following exposure of cultures to d-cycloserine plus beta-chloro-d-alanine (cs-ca), vancomycin (vanco) or benzylpenicillin (pen g) respectively, was accompanied by a rapid inhibition ... | 1989 | 2472545 |
| purification and characterization of extracellular glucosyltransferase synthesizing water-insoluble glucan from streptococcus rattus. | an extracellular glucosyltransferase synthesizing water-insoluble glucan (gtf-i) was purified from the culture supernatant of streptococcus rattus strain bht (mutans serotype b) by hydroxylapatite chromatography, deae-toyopearl chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. the mr of gtf-i was 155,000 by sds-page and the isoelectric point was ph 4.9. the specific activity, the optimum ph and the km value for sucrose were 10.0 i.u. (mg protein)-1, 6.5 and 2.4 mm, respectively. the enzyme sy ... | 1989 | 2533241 |
| comparative cariogenicity and dental plaque-forming ability in gnotobiotic rats of four species of mutans streptococci. | the four species, each represented by two strains, all produced high levels of fissure caries in the upper and lower jaws of gnotobiotic fisher rats. streptococcus rattus strains and streptococcus mutans nctc 10832 gave low levels of approximal caries, whereas streptococcus cricetus, streptococcus sobrinus and strep. mutans nctc 10449 gave high levels. the only strains to produce buccal surface lesions were strep. sobrinus and strep. cricetus. all strains were able to form dense plaque in the ce ... | 1989 | 2610617 |
| comparison of different assays for the aggregation of oral bacteria by human whole saliva. | for comparison, human whole saliva-induced aggregation was studied by phase-contrast microscopy, spectrophotometry combined with macroscopic observations, and in microtiterplate assay under identical experimental conditions for actinomyces viscosus hg 85 (t14-v) and hg 380 (t14-av), bacteroides gingivalis hg 66 (w 83), streptococcus rattus hg 59 (bht), and streptococcus sanguis i hg 169. the entire process of formation, extension, and sedimentation of aggregates could merely be observed by the c ... | 1989 | 2662902 |
| production of mutacin-like substances by streptococcus mutans. | production of inhibitory substances by strains of the streptococcus mutans group is well documented, but the nature of the substances implied is often unknown. of nine laboratory strains known to produce inhibitory substances, the optimal conditions for producing inhibition zones on solid media were found to vary between strains but good production was generally obtained on all-purpose media with tween 80 at 37 degrees c after 2-4 days of aerobic incubation. streptococcus sanguis ny101 was found ... | 1989 | 2731078 |
| type-specific antigen of streptococcus rattus strains (kay1 and fa1). i. characterization. | a serotype-specific antigen was extracted from streptococcus rattus kay1 strain isolated first in japan from human dental plaque and purified on an ion exchange column to compare it chemically and immunologically with that of fa1 strain which had been examined extensively by previous workers. antigens of both strains reacted in a double diffusion test specifically with anti-fa1 serum which had previously been demonstrated specific for the strains in the same test, agglutination reactions and/or ... | 1989 | 2765090 |
| microflora of plaque in rats following infection with an ldh-deficient mutant of streptococcus rattus. | | 1989 | 2766326 |
| type-specific antigen of streptococcus rattus strains (kay1, fa1 and bht). ii. ultrastructural localization. | streptococcus rattus strains (kay1, fa1 and bht) were examined by electron microscopy in whole cell-mounted samples and ultrathin sections for the localization of the type-specific antigen, using specific antiserum and ferritin-labelled anti-rabbit igg as secondary antibody. in thin sections as well as whole cell-mounted samples the antigen was observed as irregular masses over the entire surface of the cells, in particular in the septal region between cells. the localization of the antigen was ... | 1989 | 2775426 |
| role of the arginine deiminase system in protecting oral bacteria and an enzymatic basis for acid tolerance. | the arginine deiminase system was found to function in protecting bacterial cells against the damaging effects of acid environments. for example, as little as 2.9 mm arginine added to acidified suspensions of streptococcus sanguis at a ph of 4.0 resulted in ammonia production and protection against killing. the arginine deiminase system was found to have unusual acid tolerance in a variety of lactic acid bacteria. for example, for streptococcus rattus fa-1, the ph at which arginolysis was reduce ... | 1988 | 2843090 |
| comparison of extracellular protein profiles of seven serotypes of mutans streptococci grown under controlled conditions. | extracellular proteins produced by the four human commensal species of mutans streptococci were analysed. the organisms used were streptococcus mutans, serotypes c, e and f, streptococcus cricetus, serotype a, streptococcus rattus, serotype b, and streptococcus sobrinus, serotypes d and g. they were grown in continuous culture at different generation times and ph values in media containing either glucose or fructose to determine the extent of variation in extracellular protein production that co ... | 1986 | 2945902 |
| adhesion of streptococcus rattus and streptococcus mutans to metal surfaces. | the adhesion of streptococcus rattus bht and streptococcus mutans ib to metal specimens of amalgam, silver, tin and copper was studied using (6-3h)thymidine labeled cells. in the standard assay the metal specimens were suspended by a nylon thread in an adhesion solution containing a chemically defined bacterial growth medium (fmc), sucrose, and radiolabeled bacteria. maximum amounts of adhering bacteria were obtained after about 100 min of incubation. saturation of the metal specimens with bacte ... | 1988 | 3164905 |
| in-vitro adherence of oral streptococci in the presence of sucrose and its relationship to cariogenicity in the rat. | streptococcus sanguis i gave a significantly greater percentage coverage (cell-pellicle attachment) of saliva-coated glass in the presence of sucrose than did strep. sanguis ii (p less than 0.025), and both these gave greater percentage coverages than the other species tested, between which no significant differences were noted. there was a large number of significant differences in clump size (cell-cell attachment) between species-pairs. among the mutans streptococci, there were significant dif ... | 1988 | 3166609 |
| a simple method for determining extracellular polysaccharide-producing ability of oral streptococci. | a simple method is described for determining the types of extracellular polysaccharides produced by oral streptococci. the method yields quantitative results in which the amount of polysaccharides produced is normalised with respect to dna. results correlate well with previously published data for oral streptococci, except in the case of streptococcus oralis for which there is no previously published data. all species within the mutans group produced both soluble and insoluble glucan; while solu ... | 1987 | 3316938 |
| a laboratory microcosm (artificial mouth) for the culture and continuous ph measurement of oral bacteria on surfaces. | a laboratory microcosm has been designed for the cultivation of bacteria on surfaces subjected to an adjustable supply of fluids. bacteria are grown as a microbial film on halved premolar teeth, mounted back to back. synthetic saliva is dropped slowly over the teeth throughout experiments. a nutrient supplement is provided at regular intervals. the drops of fluid retained by the teeth can be sampled for metabolic end-products. alternatively, a miniature glass electrode may be set into one half o ... | 1986 | 3522522 |
| the role of h2o2 and the lactoperoxidase-scn(-)-h2o2 system on the interaction between two bacteria originating from human dental plaque, streptococcus rattus (mutans) bht and streptococcus mitior lpa-1, grown on human teeth in an artificial mouth. | teeth were inoculated with either the organisms separately or with a freshly-prepared mixture of both. the apparatus was swept with 5 per cent (v/v) co2 in either air or n2, and incubated for 90 h. a nutrient supplement containing 1 per cent (w/v) glucose was supplied for 1 h in every 6 h. both organisms achieved similar numbers when grown aerobically in pure culture, yet in mixed culture there was pronounced inhibition of bht (p less than 0.001). when the synthetic saliva was supplemented with ... | 1985 | 3864401 |
| penicillin-induced lysis of streptococcus mutans. | treatment of streptococcus mutans gs-5 cells with concentrations of penicillin g within a relatively narrow range resulted in substantial lysis. this penicillin-induced lysis was dependent upon cell density and ph of the lysis medium. other oral streptococci (streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus rattus, and streptococcus cricetus) also demonstrated substantial levels of penicillin-induced lysis under appropriate conditions. lesser degrees of lysis were seen in a related organism, streptococcus ... | 1984 | 6500698 |
| prevalence, distribution of serotypes, and cariogenic potential in hamsters of mutans streptococci from elderly individuals. | the prevalence of mutans streptococci (streptococcus mutans, streptococcus cricetus, streptococcus sobrinus, and streptococcus rattus) was determined in the salivas of 169 elderly individuals ranging in age from 60 to 87 years. approximately 40% of these individuals were edentulous and wore full upper and lower dentures. with the exception of a higher proportion of saliva counts below 1,000 cfu/ml in the full-denture wearers, the prevalence and the serotype and species distributions of the mutan ... | 1983 | 6874072 |
| glycerol incorporation in certain oral streptococci. | cells of 30 different strains of oral streptococci were grown in a chemically defined medium supplemented with [14c]glycerol to determine their ability to incorporate the labeled glycerol. of the five species tested, only two, the rat-type strains (streptococcus rattus) and strains isolated from wild rats (streptococcus ferus), were able to incorporate the nonfermentable substrate, glycerol. for those strains capable of incorporating glycerol, the amount incorporated ranged from 0.15 to 0.43% of ... | 1980 | 7014448 |
| inhibition of streptococcal growth, f-atpase and pyrophosphatase by diphosphonates. | 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (ehdp) and a variety of other diphosphonates, and also pyrophosphate, at millimolar levels were found to inhibit the growth of streptococcus mutans gs-5. inhibition appeared to be due mainly to chelation of mg2+ and could be readily reversed through addition of mg2+, or less effectively, by other divalent cations. the trianionic forms of the diphosphonates or pyrophosphate were more effective inhibitors than the dianionic forms. diphosphonates and pyrophosphate ... | 1995 | 7644273 |
| metabolic and energetic aspects of the growth response of streptococcus rattus to environmental acidification in anaerobic continuous culture. | streptococcus rattus, a serotype b strain of mutans streptococci, was grown in an anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat. the molar growth yield of glucose [yglucose, g dry wt (mol glucose)-1] together with the maximum growth yields (ymax) and maintenance coefficients for glucose utilization and calculated atp generation were estimated as a function of ph. when the ph was lowered from 7.0 to 5.0, yglucose decreased, with a concomitant gradual change in the composition of the end product from a mixt ... | 1994 | 7921246 |
| changes in root canal microbiota during the development of rat periapical lesions. | periapical lesions are reproducibly induced in rats by pulp exposure and infection from the oral cavity. lesions expand rapidly between day 7 and day 15-20 (active phase), with slowed expansion thereafter. in the present study we characterized the root canal microbiota present during the active phase of lesion development in this system. the mandibular first molars of sprague-dawley rats were exposed on day 0. the teeth were extracted after 7 days (n = 10 animals) and 15 days (n = 10), and the m ... | 1994 | 7936717 |
| mutans streptococci in caries-active and caries-free infants in tanzania. | the occurrence of mutans streptococci species was investigated in tanzanian infants aged between 1.0 and 3.5 years with rampant caries and without caries using biochemical and immunological techniques. these infants came from turiani and singida, where the caries prevalence for this age group was 12.8% and 1.6% respectively. streptococcus mutans was found to be the only mutans streptococcal species. the other species, including the previously reported streptococcus rattus, were not found. conseq ... | 1993 | 8265208 |
| comparison of aminopeptidase activities in four strains of mutans group oral streptococci. | in this study, native cells of streptococcus mutans va-29r and streptococcus rattus fa-1 displayed significantly higher aminopeptidase activity than did cells of streptococcus cricetus aht or streptococcus sobrinus 6715 toward the nitroanilide derivatives of leucine, alanine, methionine, arginine, and lysine. these differences in cellular aminopeptidase activity led us to investigate the subcellular localization of the aminopeptidase in these mutans group streptococci. following conversion of na ... | 1993 | 8418040 |
| flow chamber study of the adhesion of prevotella intermedia to glass after preconditioning with mutans streptococcal species: kinetics and spatial arrangement. | the adhesion kinetics and spatial arrangement of a clinical isolate of prevotella intermedia on bare glass and on glass which had been previously exposed to streptococcus rattus or streptococcus cricetus were studied using a parallel plate flow system and image analysis. when s. cricetus was the preconditioning organism the initial deposition rate and efficiency of p. intermedia were reduced even though very few s. cricetus adhered during flow with p. intermedia. preconditioning with s. rattus h ... | 1993 | 8459781 |
| arginine deiminase system and acid adaptation of oral streptococci. | streptococcus rattus fa-1 and streptococcus sanguis nctc 10904 underwent phenotypic acid adaptation in batch cultures toward the end of sugar-fueled growth after the culture ph had dropped to triggering values. the bacteria could be derepressed or induced for arginine deiminase independently of acid adaptation, and arginolysis afforded protection against acid killing over and above that of acid adaptation. | 1995 | 8534118 |
| mode of action of a lysostaphin-like bacteriolytic agent produced by streptococcus zooepidemicus 4881. | electron microscopy of zoocin a-treated sensitive streptococcus cells revealed cytoplasmic disruption and ultimately complete rupture of the cell wall. culture viability and optical density were shown to decrease rapidly and simultaneously in streptococcus pyogenes ff22 but less quickly in the relatively more resistant streptococcus mutans 10449. zoocin a was shown to cleave hexaglycine in a colorimetric cell-free microtiter assay system, and it is concluded that the killing action of zoocin a, ... | 1996 | 8953725 |
| anaerobic killing of oral streptococci by reduced, transition metal cations. | reduced, transition metal cations commonly enhance oxidative damage to cells caused by hydroperoxides formed as a result of oxygen metabolism or added externally. as expected, the cations fe2+ and cu+ enhanced killing of streptococcus mutans gs-5 by hydroperoxides. however, unexpectedly, they also induced lethal damage under fully anaerobic conditions in a glove box with no exposure to o2 or hydroperoxides from initial treatment with the cations. sensitivities to anaerobic killing by fe2+ varied ... | 1998 | 9435058 |
| effect of different diets on oral bacteria and caries activity in sprague-dawley rats. | the conventional rat model of dental caries has been used extensively to measure the contribution of various inoculated bacteria or diets to dental caries production. only limited information is available on the effect of different diets on the oral bacterial community as a whole. in the present study, using selective and non-selective media, the oral bacterial populations of 21-day-old sprague-dawley rats fed diets with commercial rat and mouse cubes (control), high-starch (56%) and sucrose (56 ... | 1997 | 9467925 |
| accumulation of ppgpp in streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus rattus following amino acid starvation. | we have re-examined the stringent response of streptococcus rattus and streptococcus pyogenes, two organisms that had originally been reported not to accumulate ppgpp following amino acid deprivation. we conclude that ppgpp does accumulate when s. rattus and s. pyogenes are deprived of isoleucine by mupirocin addition. the kinetics of ppgpp accumulation was faster in s. pyogenes compared with s. rattus. cell fractionation and analysis of in vitro ppgpp synthesis showed that in s. pyogenes most a ... | 1998 | 9485590 |
| immunochemical analysis and localisation of a cell wall antigen of streptococcus rattus with a specific monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody specific to a cell wall antigen of streptococcus rattus (s. rattus) was prepared after cell fusion of mouse myeloma cells to the spleen cells of mice immunized with whole cells of strain fa1. the monoclonal antibody reacted with a crude and purified polysaccharide antigen of s. rattus in precipitin reactions as well as in a solid phase enzyme assay (eia). it also reacted in the eia with whole cells of s. rattus strains, but did not react with any other species of the mutans ... | 1995 | 9810655 |
| turning on and turning off the arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci. | the arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci is highly regulated. it requires induction and is repressed by catabolites such as glucose or by aeration. a comparative study of regulation of the system in streptococcus gordonii atcc 10558, streptococcus rattus fa-1, and streptococcus sanguis nctc 10904 showed an increase in activity of the system in s. sanguis of some 1467-fold associated with induction-depression of cells previously uninduced-repressed. the activity of the system was assaye ... | 1998 | 10030002 |
| membrane locus and ph sensitivity of paraben inhibition of alkali production by oral streptococci. | parabens were found to be potent inhibitors of alkali production from arginine by oral streptococci such as streptococcus rattus, streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus gordonii. for example, 2 mumol butylparaben per ml completely and irreversibly inhibited arginolysis by intact cells of s. rattus fa-1 and was lethal for the organism. in contrast, butylparaben was not a very effective inhibitor of ureolysis by intact cells of streptococcus salivarius 57.i, although it did kill the cells. butylp ... | 1999 | 10551169 |
| identification of clinically relevant viridans streptococci by analysis of transfer dna intergenic spacer length polymorphism. | the utility of pcr analysis of transfer dna intergenic spacer length polymorphism (tdna-ilp) for the identification to the species level of clinically relevant viridans streptococci was evaluated with a collection of reference strains of 15 species of the salivarius, anginosus, mitis and mutans rrna homology groups. pcr products generated by using fluorescent, outwardly directed, consensus tdna primers were analysed by electrophoresis on denaturating polyacrylamide gels and by laser fluorescence ... | 1999 | 10555340 |
| differences in acidogenicity of s. sobrinus and s. rattus are linked to the catalytic efficiency of the glycolytic key enzyme phosphofructokinase. | this contribution describes the biochemical properties of two catalytically different phosphofructokinases (pfks) purified from streptococcus rattus lb 2 (pfk-rat) and streptococcus sobrinus omz 65 (pfk-sob), respectively. steady-state kinetics revealed k(m) = 0. 8 mm for pfk-rat and k(m) = 0.08 mm for pfk-sob for f-6-p as the substrate. the enzymes also differ in their ph profiles: whereas the highest activity of pfk-rat was measured at ph = 8.0, the optimum ph of pfk-sob was at ph = 7.0. in ad ... | 2000 | 11014908 |
| cloning and dna sequencing of the surface protein antigen i/ii (paa) of streptococcus cricetus. | we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the surface protein antigen paa (antigen i/ii family) from streptococcus cricetus e49 (serotype a) using degenerate pcr. the deduced amino acid sequence of paa reveals two repeating regions (a region; alanine-rich region, p region; proline-rich region). two additional tandem repeats were found in the a region and part of the p region was deleted compared to antigen i/ii. homology and phylogenetic analyses reveal that paa is homologous to streptococc ... | 2001 | 11267788 |
| recommended conservation of the names streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus rattus, streptococcus cricetus, and seven other names included in the approved lists of bacterial names. request for an opinion. | with reference to the first principle of the international code of nomenclature of bacteria, which emphasizes stability of names, it is proposed that the original names streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus rattus, streptococcus cricetus, erwinia ananas, eubacterium tarantellus, lactobacillus sake, nitrosococcus oceanus, pseudomonas betle, rickettsia canada and streptomyces rangoon, all included in the approved lists of bacterial names, be conserved. request for an opinion. | 2001 | 11321121 |
| classification of oral streptococci by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with direct activity stain for glycosyltransferases. | thirty eight strains of oral streptococci were divided into six types by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) followed by glycosyltransferase (glt) activity stain: type 1, streptococcus mutans; type 2, streptococcus rattus; type 3, streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus downei; type 4, streptococcus cricetus; type 5, streptococcus salivarius; and type 6, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis and streptococcus gordonii. in types 1, 2 and 5, two glucosyltransferases synthesizing wate ... | 2003 | 12753469 |
| physiologic actions of zinc related to inhibition of acid and alkali production by oral streptococci in suspensions and biofilms. | zinc is a known inhibitor of acid production by mutans streptococci. our primary objective was to extend current knowledge of the physiologic bases for this inhibition and also for zinc inhibition of alkali production by streptococcus rattus fa-1 and streptococcus salivarius atcc 13419. zinc at concentrations as low as 0.01-0.1 mm not only inhibited acid production by cells of streptococcus mutans gs-5 in suspensions or in biofilms but also sensitized glycolysis by intact cells to acidification. ... | 2004 | 14678472 |
| characterization of the arginine deiminase operon of streptococcus rattus fa-1. | the arginine deiminase system (ads) is of critical importance in oral biofilm ph homeostasis and microbial ecology. the ads consists of three enzymes. arginine is hydrolyzed by ad (arca) to generate citrulline and ammonia. citrulline is then converted to ornithine and carbamoylphosphate via ornithine carbamoyltransferase (arcb). finally, carbamate kinase (arcc) transfers a phosphate from carbamoylphosphate to adp, yielding atp. ammonia production from this pathway protects bacteria from lethal a ... | 2004 | 15006749 |
| molecular characterization of dextranase from streptococcus rattus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dextranase gene of streptococcus rattus atcc19645 was determined. an open reading frame of the dextranase gene was 2,760 bp long and encoded a dextranase protein consisting of 920 amino acids with a molecular weight of 100,163 da and an isoelectric point of 4.67. the s. rattus dextranase purified from recombinant escherichia coli cells showed dextran-hydrolyzing activity with optimal ph (5.0) and temperature (40 c) similar to those of dextranases from stre ... | 2004 | 15031528 |
| penicillin-induced killing and postantibiotic effect in oral streptococci are enhanced by platelet microbicidal proteins. | thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal proteins (tpmp) are alpha-granule-derived cationic antimicrobial proteins released from platelets by stimulation with thrombin. tpmp has potent microbicidal activities against a broad spectrum of common microbial pathogens in infective endocarditis. we studied in vitro interactions of tpmp with penicillin against oral streptococci, streptococcus rattus bht (a tpmp-susceptible organism) and streptococcus gordonii dl1 (a tpmp-insusceptible organism). tpmp was ... | 2004 | 15120723 |
| differentiation of mutans streptococci by intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | it is difficult to distinguish mutans streptococci on the species level, and even more so on the subspecies level. intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) (icm) was applied to reference strains of five of the species of the mutans group (streptococcus criceti, streptococcus downei, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus ratti, streptococcus sobrinus), nonmutans streptococci (streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sali ... | 2005 | 16101961 |
| streptococcus rattus strain bht produces both a class i two-component lantibiotic and a class ii bacteriocin. | streptococcus rattus strain bht is a species representative and strong bacteriocin producer. here we report that s. rattus bht produces two quite different types of bacteriocin activity, named bht-a and bht-b. the two bacteriocins were purified and analysed for activity and by maldi-tof mass spectrophotometry. bht-a was found to be a variant of the two-component lantibiotic, smb. bht-b is a non-modified 5195da peptide with some similarity to the tryptophan-rich staphylococcus aureus bacteriocin, ... | 2005 | 16194596 |
| targeting of streptococci by zoocin a. | zoocin a is a domain-structured peptidoglycan hydrolase produced by streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus 4881. [(14)c]-zoocin a was used to measure the amount of zoocin a bound to the surface of cells and to purified peptidoglycan. the sensitivity of various streptococci to zoocin a correlated with the amount of zoocin a bound (r(2)=0.8609). peptidoglycan purified from streptococcus oralis and streptococcus rattus were able to bind zoocin a but remained resistant to hydrolysis. all streptococcu ... | 2007 | 17319876 |
| characterization and structure analysis of a novel bacteriocin, lacticin z, produced by lactococcus lactis qu 14. | a novel bacteriocin, lacticin z, produced by lactococcus lactis qu 14 isolated from a horse's intestinal tract was identified. lacticin z was purified through a three step procedure comprised of hydrophobic-interaction, cation-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase hplc. esi-tof ms determined the molecular mass of lacticin z to be 5,968.9 da. the primary structure of lacticin z was found to consist of 53 amino acid residues without any leader sequence or signal peptide. lacticin z showed hom ... | 2007 | 17690480 |
| elucidation of the antimicrobial mechanism of mutacin 1140. | mutacin 1140 and nisin a are peptide antibiotics that belong to the lantibiotic family. n-terminal rings a and b of nisin a and mutacin 1140 (lipid ii-binding domain) share many structural and sequence similarities. nisin a binds lipid ii and thus disrupts cell wall synthesis and also forms transmembrane pores. very little is known about mutacin 1140 in this regard. we performed fluorescence-based studies using a bacteria-mimetic membrane system. the results indicated that lipid ii monomers are ... | 2008 | 18266322 |
| distribution, regulation and role of the agmatine deiminase system in mutans streptococci. | the agmatine deiminase system (agds) was identified in seven strains of mutans streptococci. genes encoding the agds of streptococcus rattus fa-1 were sequenced and found to share homology with the agu genes of streptococcus mutans ua159. with the exception of streptococcus sobrinus, the agds of mutans streptococci appear to be sensitive to carbohydrate catabolite repression. agmatine inhibited bacterial growth, suggesting that the agds degrades a deleterious substance into useful compounds. | 2009 | 19121075 |
| a spontaneous lactate dehydrogenase deficient mutant of streptococcus rattus for use as a probiotic in the prevention of dental caries. | to study the ability of daily applications of streptococcus rattus strain jh145 to affect the numbers of an implanted streptococcus mutans strain in a rat model. | 2009 | 19426263 |
| fluoride, triclosan and organic weak acids as modulators of the arginine deiminase system in biofilms and suspension cells of oral streptococci. | the arginine deiminase system (ads) of oral bacteria is a major generator of alkali (ammonia) in dental plaque and is considered to have anticaries effects. however, many of the antimicrobial agents used in oral care products may reduce alkali production by the ads. the objective of our work was to assess the sensitivity of the ads of oral streptococci to commonly used antimicrobials, fluoride, triclosan and organic weak acids. | 2009 | 19572886 |
| safety assessment of probiora3, a probiotic mouthwash: subchronic toxicity study in rats. | streptococcus viridans are commensal bacteria that constitute a significant portion of the resident oral microflora. the objective of the present study is to investigate adverse effects, if any, of a blend of 3 natural strains, streptococcus uberis kj2, streptococcus oralis kj3, and streptococcus rattus jh145 (probiotic mouthwash, probiora(3)). the blend is administered to rats orally once daily (5 days per week) at doses of 0, 10(6), or 10(9) colony-forming units of each strain for 14 weeks. no ... | 2009 | 19815843 |
| is that streptococcus rattus i can smell on your breath? | | 2009 | 19926033 |
| streptococcus ursoris sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavities of bears. | three gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped organisms were isolated from the oral cavities of bears. the isolates were tentatively identified as a streptococcal species based on the results of biochemical tests. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies confirmed that the organisms were members of the genus streptococcus, but they did not correspond to any recognized species of the genus. the nearest phylogenetic relative of the new isolates was streptococcus ratti atcc 19645(t) (98 ... | 2011 | 20139281 |
| hydrophobicity test in mutans streptococci. | kinetic hydrophobic measurements were performed by confronting 40 mutans streptococci from thirty 10- to 20-year-old patients with 200 ml hexadecane (sigma). fourteen patients had high dental caries risk (group a), dmft + dmft > 5 with 3 or more active caries, and 16 had low dental caries risk (group b), dmft + dmft < 3 without active caries. twenty bacteria from group a and 20 bacteria from group b were typed using de la higuera's procedure and confirmed by api strip (bio-merieux). from the 14 ... | 2010 | 21638961 |
| Rapid detection and identification of Streptococcus ratti by a species-specific PCR method. | To establish a rapid and species-specific detection and identification method of Streptococcus ratti by polymerase chain reaction, two PCR primer pairs specific to S. ratti were designed on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the dextranase gene (dex) of S. ratti ATCC19645(T). The primer pairs specifically detected S. ratti, but none of the other mutans streptococci (16 strains of 6 species). The PCR procedure was capable of detecting 1 pg of genomic DNA purified from S. ratti ATCC19645. We ... | 2011 | 21924372 |
| the effect of a streptococci containing probiotic in periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled trial. | to evaluate the adjunctive effects of a streptococcus oralis kj3, streptococcus uberis kj2 and streptococcus rattus jh145 containing probiotic tablet after scaling and root planing (srp). | 2015 | 26427036 |
| effectiveness of crt at measuring the salivary level of bacteria in caries prone children with probiotic therapy. | this irb approved clinical trial was to determine the effect of "over the counter" probiotic supplements on the caries risk test- crt- (ivoclar) results of the oral microflora in high caries risk children. | 2013 | 24579284 |
| streptococcus orisasini sp. nov. and streptococcus dentasini sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavity of donkeys. | four gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccoid isolates that were obtained from donkey oral cavities formed two distinct clonal groups when characterized by phenotypic and phylogenetic studies. from the results of biochemical tests, the organisms were tentatively identified as a streptococcal species. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies confirmed the organisms to be members of the genus streptococcus. two of the isolates were related most closely to streptococcus ursoris with 95.6 % sim ... | 2013 | 23291897 |
| lactolisterin bu, a novel class ii broad spectrum bacteriocin from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis bgbu1-4. | lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis bgbu1-4 produces a novel bacteriocin, lactolisterin bu, with strong antimicrobial activity against many species of gram-positive bacteria, including important food spoilage and food-borne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus sp. and streptococci. lactolisterin bu was extracted from the cell surface of bgbu1-4 by propan-2-ol and purified to homogeneity by c18 solid phase extraction and reversed phase hplc. the ... | 2017 | 28842543 |