| the capsules of corynebacterium equi and streptococcus equi. | the capsules of corynebacterium equi and streptococcus equi were examined by electron microscopy after staining with ruthenium red. they were compared with the capsule of klebsiella pneumoniae which had previously been examined using the same procedure (springer & roth, 1973). the capsule of c. equi had a laminated appearance. when s. equi was grown on solid medium, its capsule appeared as radially arranged projections capped by a thick electron dense layer. when grown in liquid medium, s. equi ... | 1978 | 366078 |
| internal abdominal abscesses in the horse: a study of 25 cases. | internal abdominal abscesses in 25 horses, including 8 horses that died or were euthanatized, were found to be caused by streptococcus equi, streptococcus zooepidemicus, or corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. breed or sex predilection was not found. although horses of all ages were affected, those under 5 years of age were more commonly affected. nearly all of the horses had a history of respiratory catarrh or lymphadenitis. horses with internal abdominal abscesses also had intermittent, prolong ... | 1978 | 621178 |
| [bacterial flora of the conjunctival sac of the horse]. | the aa. report the results of taxonomic research conducted on the conjunctival sac of 59 horses for identification of the present bacterial flora. in the controlled animals, it was observed, at the level of the considered niche, a community constituted of normal bacterial populations, but not autochtonous in the significance they attributed from dubos et al., relative to the characterization of the indigenous microbiota of the intestine. the isolated normal bacterial flora seems to be constitute ... | 1976 | 788654 |
| in-vitro effect of edta-tris-lysozyme solutions on selected pathogenic bacteria. | the in-vitro effect of edta-tris-lysozyme solution on 16 pathogenic bacteria of medical or veterinary importance was determined. marked decreases in bacterial count occurred with pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, moraxella osloensis and campylobacter fetus, and smaller decreses with salmonella typhimurium, shigella boydii, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, listeria monocytogenes and erysipelothrix insidiosa. the test solution had no effect on klebsiella ozaenae, brucella canis, co ... | 1975 | 805241 |
| [immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of cell wall antigens in streptococci. ii. localization of the group-specific polysaccharide of group c streptococci with ferritin- and peroxidase-labelled helix pomatia-agglutinin (author's transl)]. | the carbohydrate of the cell wall of group c streptococci is one of the best known group-specific streptococcal antigens with respect to its chemical structure. in the present paper, the ultrastructural location of the carbohydrate was investigated by means of immunoelectronmicroscopic techniques. besides group-specific antibodies, the specific binding of an agglutinin (protectin anti-ahp) of the edible snail (helix pomatia) to structures with terminal n-acetylgalactosamine was used to demonstra ... | 1975 | 1154918 |
| protection against streptococcus equi infection by monoclonal antibodies against an m-like protein. | we have developed an in vivo passive transfer assay using mice to identify monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which offer protection against streptococcus equi infection. the assay was developed using serum antibodies collected from horses convalescing from strangles. in this study, we show that a preparation of m-like protein, acid-extracted from s. equi, affords 80% protection to mice immunized with it. a number of mouse mabs directed against a preparation of m-like protein were then assessed for th ... | 1991 | 1721084 |
| group c streptococcal bacteremia: analysis of 88 cases. | eighty-eight cases of group c streptococcal bacteremia were reviewed retrospectively. most patients had underlying diseases (72.7%), predominantly cardiovascular disease (20.5%) or malignancy (20.5%). the infection originated most often from the upper respiratory tract (20.5%), the gastrointestinal tract (18.2%), or the skin (17.1%). prior exposure to animals or animal products was reported in 23.9% of cases. the most common clinical manifestations of group c streptococcal bacteremia were endoca ... | 1991 | 2041960 |
| a convenient gel holder for preparative electrophoretic separation of aggregated bacterial proteins. | a simple custom-made gel holder for preparative sds-page to separate aggregated bacterial antigens is described. the gel holder fits easily into commercially available gel electrophoresis apparatus and proteins or peptides are collected in a stream of distilled water through a channel in the gel. the performance of the device was illustrated by the successful separation and purification of fragments of aggregated streptococcus equi m protein and of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae protective antigen ... | 1991 | 2050103 |
| in vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, actinobacillus suis, actinomyces pyogenes, corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, haemophilus parasuis, haemophilus somnus, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, rhodococcus equi, streptococcus equi, streptococcus suis and streptococcus zooepidemicus. ciprofloxacin and enrof ... | 1990 | 2306672 |
| evaluation of the rapid strep system for identification of gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci isolated from bovine intramammary infections. | the rapid strep system (analytab products, plainview, ny) was used to identify 199 gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci isolated from bovine intramammary infections. the system accurately identified 88.4% of isolates. the system identified 100% of 46 streptococcus agalactiae, 100% of 48 streptococcus dysgalactiae, 54.5% of 11 streptococcus equinus, and 96.2% of 53 streptococcus uberis isolates. enterococcus spp. were identified correctly 83.3% of the time. one of 4 streptococcus saccharolyticu ... | 1989 | 2689485 |
| [respiratory infectious diseases in horses]. | among all infectious diseases affecting horses, respiratory disease pose the greatest threat to horses kept in stables, horses used for breeding and race horses. here a distinction should be made between the so-called monocausal infectious diseases (so-called henle-koch postulates) and multicausal infectious diseases which are the result of the synergistic interaction of different processes, that alone do not lead to disease. there is no clearcut distinction between the two groups. the most impo ... | 1987 | 3296310 |
| complications associated with streptococcus equi infection on a horse farm. | complications associated with streptococcus equi infection developed in 15 (20.3%) of 74 horses on one farm included death, guttural pouch empyema, purpura hemorrhagica, upper respiratory tract obstruction, pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, agalactia, mesenteric lymph node abscessation, and periorbital abscessation. death was attributed to pneumonia in 3 horses and to upper respiratory tract obstruction in 2 horses. one horse was euthanatized because of severe purpura hemorrhagica. | 1987 | 3692991 |
| systemic streptococcus equi infection in a horse handler--a case of human strangles. | | 1986 | 3765620 |
| [hyaluronidase test in the diagnosis of staphylococci]. | using the streptococcus equi decapsulation test, 879 strains of s. aureus, 212 strains of s. intermedius and 214 coagulase-negative staphylococci were examined for hyaluronidase production; six of the coagulase-negative staphylococci belonged to s. hyicus subsp. hyicus. positive hyaluronidase production was recorded in all strains of s. aureus and in the strains of s. hyicus subsp. hyicus. no hyaluronidase was produced by 208 coagulase-negative staphylococci and the strains of s. intermedius. th ... | 1985 | 3927560 |
| mucosal nasopharyngeal immune responses of horses to protein antigens of streptococcus equi. | mucosal nasopharyngeal immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg responses to proteins of streptococcus equi were studied in horses after the experimental production of strangles. s. equi-specific iga and igg titers in nasopharyngeal mucus were much higher in samples from animals 1 to 2 weeks after challenge than in samples from control animals. although iga was the major immunoglobulin in nasal mucus, there was more antibody activity associated with igg as measured by radioimmunoassay. great differences b ... | 1985 | 3972443 |
| selection of an aminoglycoside antibiotic for administration to horses. | the serum concentrations of the aminoglycosides neomycin, kanamycin and streptomycin were determined after intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administration. these values were then related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of a number of equine pathogenic bacteria to determine the duration of therapeutic serum concentrations of the aminoglycosides in the horse. pharmacokinetic analysis of the data using neomycin as the example revealed a mean (+/- sd) peak serum concentration o ... | 1985 | 3979370 |
| immunologically reactive proteins of streptococcus equi. | immunologically reactive proteins in acid extracts and culture supernatants of streptococcus equi were recognized through a combination of chromatographic and immunologic procedures. both high- and low-molecular-weight components of each of these protein preparations were protective for mice and were, therefore, presumed to contain a variety of hydrolytic products or fragments of the m protein of s. equi. convalescent horse sera that exhibited strong bactericidal activity for s. equi always reac ... | 1985 | 3980091 |
| susceptibility of equine bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. | in vitro antimicrobic susceptibility patterns of commonly isolated aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of equine origin were determined, using the agar-plate dilution method. all organisms were recent clinical isolates and included corynebacterium (rhodococcus) equi, corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, (coagulase positive) staphylococcus sp, streptococcus equi, streptococcus zooepidemicus, actinobacillus sp, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, p ... | 1985 | 3994111 |
| production and biological properties of m-protein of streptococcus equi. | the production of m-protein antigen of streptococcus equi was studied during in vitro growth in equine blood and in various media. of 11 s equi strains studied, seven which had initially possessed 0.04 mg or less m-protein per 10 mg of streptococcal cell extract showed an increase in m-protein content after successive culture in heparinised horse blood. maximum proliferation occurred in todd-hewitt (th) medium with added 0.2 per cent w/v glucose when compared with th medium alone or th medium wi ... | 1985 | 4001557 |
| cefadroxil in the horse: pharmacokinetics and in vitro antibacterial activity. | sodium cefadroxil was administered as a single intravenous dose (25 mg/kg) to six healthy adult mares. plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period and cefadroxil concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug was appropriately described in terms of a one-compartment open model. values for the major pharmacokinetic terms were: extrapolated initial plasma concentration = 59.2 +/- 15.0 micrograms/ml; half-life = 46 +/- 20 min; apparent volume of ... | 1985 | 4057345 |
| tracheal compression secondary to abscessation of cranial mediastinal lymph nodes in a horse. | respiratory distress and laryngeal paralysis were found to be caused by a streptococcus equi abscess of cranial mediastinal lymph nodes, putting pressure on the trachea at the thoracic inlet. surgical drainage was required to relieve the compression, and long-term antibiotic therapy was used to treat the bacterial infection. the trachea returned to normal diameter but left laryngeal hemiplegia persisted. peritracheal abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inspiratory dys ... | 1985 | 3972692 |
| characteristics of an r antigen common to streptococcus equi and zooepidemicus. | an r antigen of the group c streptococcus s. equi that cross reacts with a similar antigen of s. zooepidemicus has been identified and characterized. it is acid, heat and trypsin resistant, but pepsin sensitive and has an isoelectric point of 4.8. the amino acids in highest concentration are glutamic, aspartic, alanine, leucine, and valine. bacterial components released in a french press contain large amounts of r antigen, which is present also in culture supernatants and acid extracts. it has a ... | 1986 | 3940748 |
| the capsule of streptococcus equi. | | 1974 | 4475688 |
| clinical aspects of streptococcus equi infection. | | 1987 | 3569202 |
| passive transfer of mucosal antibody to streptococcus equi in the foal. | passive transfer of mucosal antibody to streptococcus equi was studied in foals during the first 2 months of life. immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibodies were found in sera and nasal secretions of foals shortly after colostrum intake. titers were highest 2 days after birth; igg predominated in sera, and iga predominated in nasal washes. intragastrically administered 99mtc-labeled iga was transported from the bloodstream to the nasal mucosa of a newborn foal within a few hours of colostrum int ... | 1986 | 3531013 |
| binding of human fibronectin to group a, c, and g streptococci. | a total of 387 bacterial strains belonging to 35 species were tested in direct binding experiments for the uptake of purified radiolabeled human fibronectin. positive binding was found in group a, c, and g streptococci and in staphylococcus aureus. the group c streptococcal species streptococcus equisimilis, streptococcus zooepidemicus, streptococcus equi, and streptococcus dysgalactiae were uniformly reactive with fibronectin. beta-hemolytic bovine group g streptococci showed the same degree of ... | 1983 | 6299959 |
| immunologic and genetic comparison of streptococcus equi isolates from the united states and europe. | a series of isolates of streptococcus equi from the united states and europe were compared by the bactericidal test, immunoblotting, dna restrictions, and southern hybridization analysis. all isolates tested were sensitive to the same bactericidal serum. in addition, immunoblotting revealed no differences in m proteins prepared by acid or mutanolysin extraction. immunoblotting of acid extracts of the isolates with mucosal nasopharyngeal mucus from a convalescent horse revealed the presence of th ... | 1988 | 3384926 |
| molecular analysis of the m protein of streptococcus equi and cloning and expression of the m protein gene in escherichia coli. | a streptococcus equi gene bank was constructed in the bacteriophage lambda gt11 cloning vector, and hybrid phage plaques were screened with s. equi m protein antiserum. a hybrid phage expressing the s. equi m protein (lambda gt11/sem7) was identified and lysogenized into escherichia coli y1089. the cloned m protein appeared in immunoblots as three polypeptides with relative molecular weights of 58,000, 53,000, and 50,000. when reacted with s. equi m protein antiserum in an agar double-diffusion ... | 1987 | 3316035 |
| chemotactic response of equine polymorphonuclear leucocytes to streptococcus equi. | streptococcus equi infection in horses is characterised by intense infiltration of lymph nodes by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) suggesting a potent chemotactic response to the organism or its products. equine pmns were separated using ficoll-hypaque medium and used in an assay of chemotaxis under agarose to study the components of s equi involved in this response. results showed that complement-derived chemotactic factors generated by activation of the alternative complement pathway were i ... | 1988 | 3194592 |
| adherence of streptococcus equi on tongue, cheek and nasal epithelial cells of ponies. | streptococcus equi was found to adhere to tongue, cheek and nasal epithelial cells of ponies, in vitro. maximum adherence was observed at ph 7.5 after one hour of incubation of bacteria with epithelial cells. this adherence was more on epithelial cells from adult animals than from foals. streptococci exposed to heat (60 degrees c for 10 min) or treated with pepsin or trypsin showed a reduced adherence, whereas an increase occurred on treatment with hyaluronidase. antibodies against whole s. equi ... | 1983 | 6649408 |
| rapid detection of group c streptococci from animals by latex agglutination. | a group c latex agglutination reagent, included as the negative control in the pathodx strep a latex agglutination test (diagnostic products corp., los angeles, calif), was compared with culture for rapid detection of group c streptococci (streptococcus equi, s. equisimilis, s. zooepidemicus, and s. dysgalactiae) from swabs of veterinary specimens. the overall sensitivity of the latex test was 78%, and specificity was 97.6%. only 25% of s. dysgalactiae isolates were detected, thereby accounting ... | 1989 | 2915025 |
| description of an epizootic and persistence of streptococcus equi infections in horses. | the age-specific attack rates of streptococcus equi infections of the upper respiratory tract and lymph nodes (strangles) in horses for the different age groups were 17.6% for broodmares, 47.5% for 1-year-old horses, and 37.5% for foals. streptococcus equi was isolated from nasal, pharyngeal, or lymph node specimens in 31 (60.8%) of 51 sick horses. a male 1-year-old horse, shipped from kentucky to farm a, was considered to be the index case. six (19.4%) of 31 horses with strangles remained as sh ... | 1989 | 2722660 |
| group c streptococcal arthritis: case report and review. | streptococci account for approximately 15%-20% of cases of nongonococcal septic arthritis. the majority of these are due to group a streptococci, but group b and group g streptococci are being isolated more frequently. we present a case of group c streptococcal arthritis and summarize nine additional cases reported in the literature. the group c streptococci include the large colony of voges-proskauer-negative bacteria (streptococcus equi, streptococcus equisimilis, streptococcus zooepidemicus, ... | 1990 | 2237126 |
| studies of antigenic components in acid extracts of group c streptococci with special reference to streptococcus equi. | for the determination of a species-specific antigen of streptococcus (s.) equi, acid extracts of group c streptococcal strains from horses (s. equi, s. zooepidemicus, s. equisimilis) were investigated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunoblotting technique. using sera of horses suffering from strangles as well as sera from horses with respiratory infection of unknown etiology, western blotting yielded more or less multiple banding reactions with bands in the 70, 54, 42, 40, and ... | 1990 | 2123386 |
| field evaluation of a commercial m-protein vaccine against streptococcus equi infection in foals. | a double-blind randomized clinical trial was undertaken to determine the value of parenterally administered streptococcus equi m-protein vaccine in foals during an epizootic of strangles. weaned mixed-breed foals (n = 664) housed on 2 adjacent feed-lots (a and b) arrived over a 5-day period, 2 weeks before primary vaccination. foals in lot b (n = 114) were randomly administered vaccine (n = 59) or saline solution (placebo; n = 55) on 3 occasions at biweekly intervals. foals in lot a (n = 450) we ... | 1991 | 2053730 |
| serum levels of amoxycillin following its oral administration to thoroughbred foals. | amoxycillin trihydrate was administered orally to 6 foals at dose rates of 13 mg/kg (low), 20 mg/kg (medium) and 30 mg/kg (high) and serum concentrations determined at intervals up to 8 h. therapeutic serum levels of 1 microgram/ml persisted for 268 mins at a dose rate of 13 mg/kg, for 339 mins at 20 mg/kg and for 381 mins at 30 mg/kg. a 2 micrograms/ml serum level persisted for 198 mins at a dose rate of 13 mg/kg, for 268 mins at 20 mg/kg and for 311 mins at 30 mg/kg. to determine the spectra o ... | 1981 | 7238483 |
| unusual patterns of serum antibodies to streptococcus equi in two horses with purpura hemorrhagica. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for use in horses to determine serum titers of antibodies of the immunoglobulin classes iga, igg, and igm to streptococcus equi m-like protein and culture supernatant protein antigens. serum antibodies were determined in 28 adult horses, including 9 horses with recent s. equi infections, 17 horses without known exposure to s. equi, but without a history of respiratory disease in the preceding 4 months, and 2 horses with clinical purpura ... | 1991 | 1748978 |
| a comparison of different methods of extraction of the m-protein from streptococcus equi. | the molecular weights of the proteins produced in different extracts of streptococcus equi were compared on immunoblots with antisera against acid extracted and mutanolysin extracted m-protein. acid and alkaline extracts of s. equi contained some peptides of similar molecular weight that reacted with antiserum against an acid extracted 41,000 m.w. fragment suggesting that these fragments contained common epitopes. comparison of the amino acid compositions of the 35,000 m.w. fragment of the alkal ... | 1991 | 1704302 |
| [streptococcus zooepidemicus sepsis in an elderly woman]. | | 1992 | 1366084 |
| pathology of equine respiratory disease occurring in association with transport. | eight young thoroughbred horses, taken 1858 km by road (travelling time, 41 h), were examined to assess the pathological nature of respiratory disease associated with transport. three of the horses showed clinical abnormalities including pyrexia, coughing, leucocytosis and neutrophilia after the first 20 h of transportation. endoscopical examination of the trachea revealed exacerbation of airway inflammation as a result of transport in two of the three affected horses. a consistent finding in th ... | 1995 | 7490335 |
| immunity to streptococcus equi. | using the long chain test, and in some cases the bactericidal test, to measure antibody, the development of the immune response in horses to str. equi has been followed. long chain indices in excess of 5.0, accompanied by strong bactericidal capacity, were recorded in serums after the full 3-dose immunisation course with a commercial vaccine. the full course elicited the most satisfactory antibody titres declined within the 12 month post-vaccination period, thus providing support for the recomme ... | 1975 | 1222005 |
| studies in atypical streptococcus equi. | an atypical variety of streptococcus equi is described. it was shown to be deficient in capsular material, to be very virulent for mice and to possess a cell-wall protein similar to the m-like protein of classical str equi. antiserum prepared against classical str equi effectively opsonised the atypical strains, and induced the formation of long chains by these atypical strains. it is possible that this variant of str equi can be used to overcome many of the current problems associated with the ... | 1975 | 1166115 |
| [meningitis, septicemia and endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus]. | | 1995 | 7567814 |
| epidemiology of equine streptococci. | equine tonsillar tissue and the draining regional lymph nodes, as well as deep nasal swabs were examined bacteriologically. group c streptococci, predominantly streptococcus zooepidemicus, were shown to be present in all tissues. the most frequent site for isolation was the tonsil. streptococcus equi was not located in any of the tissues sampled. | 1975 | 1118660 |
| [susceptibility of bacterial isolates from the equine respiratory tract to trimethoprim, sulfadoxine, sulfadimethoxine and combinations of these compounds]. | using a broth microdilution technique, the in vitro susceptibility of bacterial isolates from the equine respiratory tract to trimethoprim, sulfadoxine, sulfadimethoxine, and combinations of these compounds was determined. the bacterial strains (n = 88) isolated recently from horses with respiratory symptoms belonged to the following species: streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (n = 34), streptococcus equi subsp. equi (n = 22), staphylococcus aureus (n = 9), klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7), rh ... | 1995 | 7624856 |
| experimentally-induced streptococcus equi infection in horses with resultant guttural pouch empyema. | | 1975 | 1041649 |
| bacteriophages of streptococcus equi. | bacteriophages were isolated from twelve lysogenic strains of streptococcus equi. based on sensitivity data and antiserum neutralization tests, the phage isolates were divided into two distinct but related groups. all twelve phage change the colonial morphology of s. equi from mucoid to matt. possible phage-mediated effects on s. equi virulence are discussed. | 1977 | 874460 |
| the cell surface antigens of streptococcus equi. | an analysis of the cell surface antigens of streptococcus equi is presented. following extraction from cell walls, whole cells and hyaluronidase treated cells the immunoprecipitation patterns of the intact and protease treated components were developed with rabbit anti serum against s. equi. it was determined by mouse protection tests that the specificity of protective antibodies was directed toward a trypsin labile antigen. the presence of antigens similar to those designated m and r in group a ... | 1975 | 804979 |
| serum bactericidal responses to streptococcus equi of horses following infection or vaccination. | an indirect test based on horse blood was used to study bactericidal responses of the horse to streptococcus equi following infection or vaccination. bactericidal antibody appeared in convalescent sera between two and four weeks and high titres were usually attained by eight weeks. infection without clinical evidence of abscessation was also effective in eliciting strong bactericidal responses. serum bactericidal activity of horses either recovered from strangles or immunised with commercial bac ... | 1985 | 4076146 |
| studies on the immunogenicity of streptococcus equi vaccines in foals. | the ability of either formalin-treated or heat-inactivated whole streptococcus equi cell vaccines or partially purified m-protein of s. equi to give rise to protective antibody levels was studied in standardbred foals by serological means. two commercial preparations, i.e. a beta-propiolactone killed whole s. equi cell bacterin and a cell-free extract of s. equi cells were included in the study. the mean passive hemagglutination antibody titers (10 x log2) in sera of foals given either four dose ... | 1985 | 4075235 |
| immune complexes in purpura hemorrhagica of the horse contain iga and m antigen of streptococcus equi. | purpura hemorrhagica is an acute disease of the horse characterized by edema of the head and limbs, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, petechial hemorrhages in mucosae, musculature and viscera, and sometimes glomerulonephritis. it is usually associated with strangles, an upper respiratory tract disease of the horse caused by streptococcus equi. we have detected and characterized immune complexes in the sera of horses with poststrangles purpura hemorrhagica by using peg precipitation and western blot a ... | 1985 | 4045192 |
| use of 111in-labeled autologous leukocytes to image an abdominal abscess in a horse. | indium 111-labeled autologous leukocytes were used to image an abdominal abscess in a horse with a palpable abdominal mass and history of streptococcus equi infection. a focal area of radioactivity was identified in the location corresponding to the abscess. imaging of this focal uptake was optimal 48 hours after injection. similar scans obtained in 2 clinically normal horses revealed no evidence of focal radioactivity in this region. the cell labeling procedure gave acceptable labeling efficien ... | 1985 | 4019296 |
| purification and antigenicity of an m-like protein of streptococcus equi. | a cell wall component of streptococcus equi analogous to the m protein of group a streptococci has been identified and purified. a highly purified product has been obtained from cells by hot acid extraction, followed by acid precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatography. this product reacts with s. equi antiserum. the existence of this fraction in s. equi has been confirmed by the failure of trypsin-treated cells and their extracts to remove the long-chaining capacity ... | 1974 | 4210335 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel collagen-binding protein from streptococcus pyogenes strain 6414. | in this report we have analyzed the binding of collagen to streptococcus pyogenes strain 6414. this binding was rapid, specific, and involved a limited number of receptor molecules (11,600 copies per cell). when the proteins in a streptococcal lysate were blotted onto a nitrocellulose filter and probed with 125i-labeled collagen, a prominent collagen-binding protein of 57 kda was identified as well as minor 130-150-kda components. the major 57-kda protein was isolated by affinity chromatography ... | 1995 | 7814395 |
| application of conglutinating complement absorption test and indirect haemagglutination test to the streptococcus equi antigen--antibody system. | | 1969 | 5355324 |
| isolation of streptococcus equi from burros. | | 1967 | 6067827 |
| phenoxymethyl penicillin in the horse: an alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin. | this preliminary study evaluated phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin v) as an alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin in horses. penicillin v was administered orally to five horses at two different doses and plasma levels of the drug were determined at timed intervals. the results were evaluated by regression analysis. following the administration of penicillin v at a dose of 66,000 iu/kg or 110,000 iu/kg, the mean peak plasma levels obtained were 1.55 micrograms/ml and 2.34 micr ... | 1983 | 6421470 |
| lysogeny and the immunologically reactive proteins of streptococcus equi. | | 1984 | 6485223 |
| the role of lipoteichoic acids on the adherence of streptococcus equi to epithelial cells. | the effect of the presence of lipoteichoic acids (lta) on a strain of streptococcus equi was investigated. the lta were extracted in a crude form from the s. equi strain and were found to sensitize sheep red blood cells so that they agglutinated with antibodies specific to purified lta of group a streptococci. the crude lta preparation was also able to inhibit the specific haemagglutination reaction involving group a streptococcal lta and lta antibodies. neither the purified lta from group a str ... | 1983 | 6649407 |
| reactions to strangles vaccination. | | 1994 | 7986188 |
| vaccination of pony foals with m-like protein of streptococcus equi. | | 1983 | 6824223 |
| experimental streptococcus equi infection in the horse: correlation with in vivo and in vitro immune responses. | fourteen young outbred horses, divided into 2 groups on the basis of 18- or 24-hour skin-test reactions to streptococcus equi, were inoculated nasopharyngeally with virulent s equi. animals (n = 6, group i) with evidence of previous exposure to s equi (positive dermal response and existing serum antibodies), with one exception, developed minimal or no signs of disease after inoculation. in contrast, s equi skin-test negative and seronegative horses (n = 8, group ii) developed predictable and sev ... | 1983 | 6869947 |
| identification of carriers of streptococcus equi in a naturally infected herd. | during an outbreak of strangles in a population of research horses, 4 mares were identified as carriers of streptococcus equi. three of the mares had typical signs of strangles (severe regional lymphadenitis with or without rupture of abscessed lymph nodes). the 4th mare experienced episodes of serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, but never had more than a mild degree of lymph node enlargement. streptococcus equi was isolated from the abscessed lymph nodes and from nasopharyngeal swab specime ... | 1983 | 6874528 |
| persistent infection with streptococcus equi and the epidemiology of strangles. | | 1993 | 8256427 |
| a mild form of strangles caused by an atypical streptococcus equi. | a mild form of strangles caused by an atypical streptococcus equi was recognized on a large horse breeding farm. the organism differed from most s equi isolates by disappearance of the mucoid capsule by 24 hours of culture, leaving a matt-type colony. typically, the clinical signs were a transient (24-48 hour) fever, profuse nasal discharge, and anorexia. in about half the affected animals, there was moderate mandibular lymph node enlargement, and these glands usually ruptured or were drained. t ... | 1982 | 7056679 |
| lymphocyte stimulation response in horses against phytohaemagglutinin and m protein of streptococcus equi using whole blood. | lymphocyte stimulation was observed in whole equine blood in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin and m protein extracted from a typical strain of streptococcus equi. blood samples were collected from several healthy horses and horse and pony foals and cultured in vitro with varying concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin and m protein for several days. phytohaemagglutinin was found to induce lymphocyte stimulation in these animals. highest mean stimulation indices in horse foals (49.3 +/- 24.4) an ... | 1982 | 7074416 |
| the serological response of foals to vaccination against strangles. | a group of 100 foals was given either a commercial bacterin or an autogenous vaccine consisting of whole cells and an acid extract of streptococcus equi. during the study, some of the foals developed clinical strangles. various sets of sera were collected from these foals prevaccination, during vaccination, postvaccination and postinfection. the serological response of these foals was measured by passive haemagglutination and long chain tests. in foals which remained healthy, the highest titres ... | 1981 | 7272839 |
| in-vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of bacterial isolates from horses in the netherlands. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 30 antimicrobial agents (including the hitherto unreported antimicrobial agents doxycycline, minocycline, vanomycin, 3 quinolones and 3 combinations of antimicrobial agents) for isolates of salmonella spp. (20), escherichia coli (17), klebsiella spp. (8), proteus spp. (7), pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), actinobacillus equuli (5), rhodococcus equi (4), streptococcus zooepidemicus (23), streptococcus equisimilis (6), streptococcus equi (4), coagulase-positi ... | 1993 | 8354217 |
| bronchopneumonia caused by streptococcus equi in a north atlantic pilot whale (globicephala melaena). | bronchopneumonia was observed at the necropsy of a north atlantic pilot whale (globicephala melaena). the areas of necrosis were well circumscribed clusters, disseminated throughout the left lung. streptococcus equi was isolated in pure culture from the lung parenchyma, pharynx and pericardial fluid. | 1980 | 7411735 |
| lancefield group c streptococcal arthritis and osteomyelitis. | | 1995 | 7473095 |
| comparison of mics of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens of swine from the united states, canada, and denmark. | the mics of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents, tested for comparison, for 515 bacterial isolates of pigs from the united states, canada, and denmark with various diseases were compared. the organisms tested included actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, escherichia coli, pasteurella multocida, salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella typhimurium, streptococcus suis, streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. in additio ... | 1995 | 7494042 |
| a protein g-related cell surface protein in streptococcus zooepidemicus. | this work describes the cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a plasma protein receptor from streptococcus zooepidemicus. this receptor, termed protein zag, is a 45-kda protein that binds alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2m), serum albumin, and immunoglobulin g (igg). the igg-binding activity is located in the c-terminal part of the molecule and is mediated by two repeated domains highly homologous to each other as well as to the corresponding domains in streptococcal type iii fc receptors. the ... | 1995 | 7542636 |
| guidelines for vaccination of horses. the american association of equine practitioners' vaccination guidelines subcommittee of the avma council on biologic and therapeutic agents. | | 1995 | 7591939 |
| retropharyngeal lymph node infection in horses: 46 cases (1977-1992). | a retrospective study of 46 horses with retropharyngeal lymph node (rpln) infection presented to the rural veterinary centre between 1977 and 1992 was undertaken. horses aged less than one year were most commonly represented (46%). thirty-nine percent of cases had been exposed to horses with confirmed or suspected strangles (streptococcus equi subsp equi infection) within the previous 8 weeks. most frequent signs were unilateral or bilateral swelling of the throat region (65%), respiratory stert ... | 1995 | 7661815 |
| effects of potentiated chlorhexidine on bacteria and tarsocrural joints in ponies. | to evaluate the bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine diacetate (chd) after potentiation with edta and tris buffer (edta-tris), and to find a potentiated chd concentration that would achieve 90 to 100% killing for all bacteria tested. | 1996 | 8723895 |
| [the fist detection of giardia spp. in horses in the czech republic]. | the first occurrence of giardia spp. in horses in the czech republic is reported. during preventive examination of 360 five-month up to 14-year horses from various parts of the region of central bohemia carried out from january 1993 to june 1994 in the parasitological laboratory of the state veterinary institute in prague, the giardia cysts were detected in the excrements of 18 (5%) horses, mostly 2-4 years of age, and in two foals 3 and 6 weeks old. during the period between march 1993 and june ... | 1995 | 7762123 |
| antiphagocytic properties of uterine isolates of streptococcus zooepidemicus and mechanisms of killing in freshly obtained blood of horses. | a total of 22 clinical streptococcal isolates, predominantly streptococcus zooepidemicus, associated with endometritis in horses were tested for their ability to withstand the natural bactericidal properties of freshly obtained blood. during a 3-hour incubation in blood from a single horse, 8 of these isolates survived and grew, the remainder were killed. to determine whether this ability to grow extended to blood of other horses, 5 of these growing isolates were tested for their ability to grow ... | 1995 | 7771699 |
| pathology of equine pneumonia associated with transport and isolation of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | seven horses that died of pneumonia associated with transport yielded streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s.z.) from their pulmonary lesions. these lesions were divisible roughly into two types, serous haemorrhagic pneumonia and multiple foci of coagulative necrosis, which were considered to reflect a temporal difference in the process of lesion formation. immunohistologically, s.z. antigen was detected in both types of lesion. acute necrotic lacunar tonsillitis was considered to play an im ... | 1994 | 7806706 |
| an outbreak of group c streptococcal infection in a maternity unit. | an outbreak of group c streptococcal infection (streptococcus equisimilis serotype t204) occurred in a maternity unit in durham over a 2-week period. the outbreak strain possessed an m-protein antigen identical to that found in a previously reported maternity unit outbreak. seven patients in total were affected, and in two patients infected perineal wounds took several weeks to heal. the source of the outbreak appeared to be a patient who developed a perineal wound infection and who subsequently ... | 1994 | 7806866 |
| identification and molecular characterization of serological group c streptococci isolated from diseased pigs and monkeys in indonesia. | the present study was designed to comparatively investigate 34 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from infected pigs and monkeys from various islands in indonesia. according to the serological and biochemical data, all 34 isolates were lancefield's serological group c streptococci and could be identified as streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. of the 34 group c streptococci investigated, 28 grew on solid media in large, mucoid colonies, in fluid media at a uniform turbidity, and in soft ag ... | 1996 | 8862585 |
| characterization of the antiphagocytic activity of equine fibrinogen for streptococcus equi subsp. equi. | the antiphagocytic property of equine fibrinogen for streptococcus equi subsp. equi strain cf32 was examined in vitro. the results of bactericidal assays demonstrated that the presence of fibrinogen enhanced the ability of overnight and early log-phase cultures of strain cf32 to resist killing by equine neutrophils by 12-fold and seven-fold, respectively (p > 0.01). in addition, fibrinogen-coated bacteria treated with fibrinogen specific f(ab')2 fragments were 32% more susceptible to killing by ... | 1994 | 7861956 |
| fibronectin-binding protein of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | by screening a genomic lambda library of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, we have cloned and sequenced a gene, termed fnz, encoding a fibronectin (fn)-binding protein called fnz. on the basis of the deduced amino acid sequence of fnz, the mature protein has a molecular mass of approximately 61 kda. analysis of fnz reveals a structural organization similar to that of other cell surface proteins from streptococci and staphylococci. the fn-binding activity is localized to two domains in the ... | 1996 | 8926060 |
| detection of bacteria in equine synovial fluid by use of the polymerase chain reaction. | equine synovial fluid aliquots were inoculated with salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, actinobacillus equuli, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus zooepidemicus to obtain approximate concentrations of 1000, 100, 10, and 1 colony forming u/ml. synovial fluid aliquots were also inoculated with an unquantitated inoculum of bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens. inoculated synovial fluid was incubated in trypticase-soy broth or columbia broth for approximately 12 hours. then al ... | 1996 | 9012103 |
| genetic structure of populations of beta-haemolytic lancefield group c streptococci from horses and their association with disease. | the genetic structure of beta-haemolytic lancefield group c streptococci isolated from horses in australia was examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. the 249 isolates comprised 70 classified phenotypically as streptococcus equi subspecies equi, 177 classified as s equi subspecies zooepidemicus and two which were unclassifiable. forty-one electrophoretic types were identified which could be classified into three major clusters, a, b and c. of the isolates, 178 fell into cluster b (types 4 ... | 1994 | 7871247 |
| group c streptococcal infection in a term newborn infant. | group c streptococci were recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid of a term infant with symptoms whose mother had received intrapartum antibiotic therapy for chorioamnionitis. this case highlights that beta-hemolytic streptococci of lancefield groups other than a or b can be isolated from a normally sterile site and should be considered as pathogens. it also underscores the potential importance of sampling cerebrospinal fluid in an infant with symptomatic suspected sepsis, especially in the setti ... | 1997 | 9069072 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a protective m-like protein gene from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, a lancefield group c streptococcus, is a frequently isolated opportunist pathogen from a variety of animal hosts, including the horse. previous studies have indicated that equine strains carry antigens with characteristics of the antiphagocytic m proteins on the lancefield groups a and g streptococci. we have cloned a protective m-like protein gene (szpw60) of an equine strain of s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus w60 and determined its sequence. this gene enco ... | 1995 | 7890407 |
| influence of estrous cycle stage on adhesion of streptococcus zooepidemicus to equine endometrium. | equine endometria representative of kenney's categories i, ii, and iii were incubated in vitro with phosphate buffer, streptococcus pneumoniae, or s zooepidemicus. endometrial tissues from mares in estrus and diestrus were first categorized according to kenney's classification, then were tested for adherence of s pneumoniae and s zooepidemicus to the epithelia. bacteria were not observed when the endometrial tissue was incubated with phosphate buffer or s pneumoniae. there was no statistical dif ... | 1994 | 7978620 |
| isolation of streptococcus equisimilis from abscesses detected in specific pathogen-free mice. | | 1994 | 7983853 |
| inhibition of c3 deposition on streptococcus equi subsp. equi by m protein: a mechanism for survival in equine blood. | the effect of the m protein of streptococcus equi subsp. equi on complement deposition, complement degradation, and bacterial survival in equine whole blood was examined in vitro. preincubation of bacteria with rabbit m protein-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) inhibited the survival of the m+ strain in whole blood by 20-fold (p < 0.01). in addition, preincubation of bacteria with m protein-specific f(ab')2 fragments inhibited the survival of m+ cells in whole blood by 3.8-fold (p < 0.01). in the ... | 1994 | 8039922 |
| epidemiologic and immunologic characteristics of streptococcus equi infection in foals. | a 2-phase study was performed to characterize the effects of streptococcus equi infection in unexposed and previously exposed foals. in phase i, 22 weanling foals involved in a naturally occurring s equi epizootic were studied, along with a comparison group of 11 unexposed foals, matched for age, sex, and breed. six months later (phase ii), an epizootic was experimentally induced in previously exposed and unexposed foals from phase i. the prevalence and duration of clinical signs, the relative r ... | 1994 | 8175473 |
| acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in horses: 21 cases (1967-1993). | to characterize history, clinical signs, and pathologic findings in horses with histologically confirmed acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia. | 1997 | 9187729 |
| laboratory diagnosis of strangles and the isolation of atypical streptococcus equi. | | 1993 | 8236725 |
| production of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies which mimic an m-like protein of streptococcus equi. | rat monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (mab2) were raised against two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mab1), 1d10 and 2a6, with specificity for the m-like protein of streptococcus equi. the capacity of the mab2 to inhibit the binding between the corresponding mouse mab1 against which the mab2 were raised and the m-like protein was investigated in an inhibition eia. one of the ten mab2 examined, namely 5d1 (anti-mab1 1d10), was able to inhibit this binding. the mab2 5d1 bound to the mab1 1d10 in su ... | 1993 | 8271975 |
| [studies on hemolytic streptococcal infection: 1). outbreak of group c hemolytic streptococcal infection in formosan squirrels]. | between mid-october to mid-november 1992, of 500 freely-ranging formosan and striped squirrels kept at garden y in the suburbs of kanagawa prefecture, 414 (82.8%) suddenly died one after another by bleeding from the nasal and oral cavities after developing a mild facial swelling. isolation of microbes including viruses were carried out from the formosan squirrels that had suddenly died. various organs from these animals were histologically examined. 1. in bacteriological tests, beta-hemolytic st ... | 1993 | 8294764 |
| an outbreak of strangles in young ponies. | a natural outbreak of strangles occurred in a group of 19 young experimental ponies. the disease was diagnosed in 11 of them within two days of their arrival at glasgow university veterinary school and five others developed clinical signs within a further four days, a morbidity rate of 84 per cent. all of the affected ponies had typical signs of strangles including dullness, anorexia, pyrexia, regional lymphadenitis, occasionally with rupture of the lymph node, conjunctivitis and a mucopurulent ... | 1993 | 8322442 |
| pcr for detection of streptococcus equi. | | 1997 | 9331670 |
| strangles. | the etiology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of strangles are described. streptococcus equi, the causative organism, is highly host-adapted to equidae and shows no antigenic variation. protective immunity apparently is mediated by a combination of serum opsonic and nasopharyngeal mucosal humoral responses. vaccines based on m protein or inactivated bacterial suspensions may reduce the clinical attack rate by 50%, a level of protection much lower than that produced during ... | 1993 | 8358649 |
| effects of high-molecular-weight hyaluronates on the functions of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the effect of hyaluronate (ha) with a molecular weight of 1,900,000 (ha190) purified from products of streptococcus equi on various functions of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) was examined. ha190 effectively inhibited both the chemotactic activity of pmns for a chemotactic peptide, formyl-met-leu-phe, and the phagocytic activity of the cells for serum-opsonized zymosan (soz) in a dose-dependent manner. when the inhibitory activity of the has of different molecular weig ... | 1993 | 8393588 |
| eosinophilic synovitis following the intra-articular injection of bacterial antigen in horses. | purified streptococcal m protein was injected into one intercarpal joint in three horses hyperimmunised with streptococcus equi m protein vaccine. the contralateral joints were injected with ph adjusted polyionic solution. all antigen-injected joints developed a severe suppurative synovitis (mean synovial fluid nucleated cell count = 102,200 x 10(6) cells litre-1). eosinophils were found in the synovial fluid and in synovial membrane biopsy specimens of two of the horses. immune complexes were n ... | 1993 | 8460269 |
| s zooepidemicus infection and bovine mastitis. | | 1995 | 8533263 |