| circular dichroism and fluorescence studies of homogeneous antibodies to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | the near-ultraviolet circular dichroism (cd) of three homogeneous anti-type iii pneumococcal antibodies in the absence and the presence of the specific hexasaccharide ligand was studied. in addition recombinations and hybridizations of h and l chains derived from two of these antibodies were carried out and the cd spectra of bound and free reconstituted igg molecules were measured. the results indicate that the cd spectra of the native antibodies in the 260-310-nm range are very similar in shape ... | 1975 | 50 |
| conformational changes induced in a homogeneous anti-type iii pneumococcal antibody by oligosaccharides of increasing size. | the circular polarization of luminescence (cpl) emitted by tryptophan residues was used as a sensitive probe for measuring ligand-induced structural changes in a homogeneous type iii pneumococcal antibody. a series of oligosaccharide ligands of increasing size derived from type iii polysaccharide by partial acid hydrolysis was assayed. ligand-induced changes in the circular polarization of fluorescence of the antibody were observed for all antigens tested, including tetra-, hexa-, and octasaccha ... | 1975 | 51 |
| chromosomal basis of the merozygosity in a partially deploid mutant of pneumococcus. | a sulfonamide-resistant mutant of pneumococcus, sulr-c, displays a genetic instability, regularly segregating to wild type. dna extracts of derivatives of the strain possess transforming activities for both the mutant and wild-type alleles, establishing that the strain is a partial diploid. the linkage of sulr-c to strr-61, a stable chromosomal marker, was established, thus defining a chromosomal locus for sulr-c. dna isolated from sulr-c cells transforms two mutant recipient strains at the same ... | 1975 | 270 |
| recombination as a requirement for segregation of a partially diploid mutant of pneumococcus. | conditions are described in which the pneumococcal mutant strain sulr-c, resistant to the drug sulfanilamide, gives rise to sensitive segregants resistant to nitrobenzoic acid at a frequency constant with time. this segregant frequency is markedly enhanced upon exposure of the cells to doses of ultraviolet light or mitomycin c that permit survival of 50% to 90% of the cells. treatment with acridine orange diminishes the segregant frequency. from the known influences of these three agents on gene ... | 1975 | 271 |
| prevention of cell agglutination and competence in a genetically transformable strain of pneumococcus by d-glucosamine and d-galactosamine. | in the presence of amino sugars d-glucosamine and d-galactosamine no spontaneous competence could be observed in the highly transformable r6bd strain of pneumococcus or it was decreased by several orders of magnitude. the highest inhibition of competence was detected when the amino sugar at a concentration 5 mg/ml of the medium was added not only to the transformation but also to the pretransformation medium. after a 150 min growth in the transformation medium in the presence of the amino sugar ... | 1975 | 284 |
| studies of hyperimmune restricted and partially restricted anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies from allotype-defined pedigreed rabbits--iv. amino-terminal light chain sequence analyses of restricted homozygous b4 rabbit anti-siii and sviii antibodies from partially inbred rabbits. | | 1975 | 324 |
| pneumococcal type-associated variability in alternate complement pathway activation. | opsonization of streptococcus pneumoniae may be mediated by the alternate complement pathway. to study the importance of this interaction to human disease, complement consumption by pneumococci of various serotypes was measured in humwn serum chelated with ethyleneglycoltraacetic acid, a substance that blocks the classic but not the alternate complement pathwway. serotype i, in contrast to all other types studied, lacked ability to consume complement in this system. the ability for serotypes iii ... | 1975 | 329 |
| effect of pneumococci on blood clotting, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae and products from the organism have been associated with alterations in blood clotting and function of platelets. pneumococci and pneumococcal polysaccharide shortened the clotting times of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma (prp), and platelet-poor plasma (ppp) in vitro. clotting times of ppp and prp from c6-deficient animals were likewise decreased. the bacteria had no effect on the one-stage prothrombin time or the partial thromboplastin time when th ... | 1975 | 331 |
| host defense against the pneumococcus in t-lymphocyte-deficient, nude mice. | resistance to pneumococcal infection was tested in t-lymphocyte-deficient, nude (nu/nu) mice. pneumococcal serum opsonizing activity, in vivo phagocytosis of the pneumococcus, and the mean lethal dose for the pneumococcus were all found to be the same in nude mice as in control (+/+) mice. t-lymphocytes do not appear to play a significant role in the host's defense against the pneumococcus. | 1975 | 334 |
| membrane location of a deoxyribonuclease implicated in the genetic transformation of diplococcus pneumoniae. | the cellular localization of enzymes in diplococcus pneumoniae was examined by fractionation of spheroplasts. a deoxyribonuclease implicated in the entry of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) into the cell during genetic transformation was located in the cell membrane. this enzyme, the major endonuclease of the cell (endonuclease i), which is necessary for the conversion of donor dna to single strands inside the cell and oligonucleotides outside, thus could act at the cell surface. another enzyme, the ... | 1975 | 366 |
| structural studies of two ovalbumin glycopeptides in relation to the endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase specificity. | heterogeneities of the two ovalbumin glycopeptides, (man)5(glcnac)2asn and (man)6(glcnac)2asn, were revealed by borate paper electrophoresis of oligosaccharide alcohols obtained from the glycopeptides by endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h digestion and nab3h4 reduction. the structures of the major components of the oligosaccharides were determined by the combination of methylation analysis, acetolysis, and alpha-mannosidase digestion. based on the results, the whole structures of the major comp ... | 1975 | 389 |
| methods to improve detection of pneumococci in respiratory secretions. | simple methods to enhance the detection of pneumococci in respiratory secretions are needed. sheep blood agar containing 5 mug of gentamicin per ml was more often positive (89%) than either standard sheep blood agar (54%) or mouse inoculation (65%) in recovering pneumococci from 62 adult and pediatric patients. in adults, the direct quellung test on sputum smear was a rapid, sensitive method for predicting subsequent pneumococcal isolation by culture (19 of 20 patients, 95%). the quellung test a ... | 1975 | 421 |
| bacteriologic diagnosis of acute pneumonia. comparison of sputum, transtracheal aspirates, and lung aspirates. | | 1976 | 521 |
| the golden era of immunology at the rockefeller institute. | | 1975 | 650 |
| relationship between serum antibiotic concentration and inhibiting potency of the serum. application to ampicillin and amoxicillin. | | 1975 | 654 |
| 'meningitis by the score'. | | 1975 | 664 |
| mechanism of action of penicillin: triggering of the pneumococcal autolytic enzyme by inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. | during penicillin treatment of an autolysin defective mutant pneumococcus we have observed three novel phenomena: (i) growth of the mutant cultures is inhibited by the same concentrations of penicillin that induce lysis in the wild type. (ii) mutant bacteria treated with the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of penicillin will lyse upon the addition of wild-type autolysin to the growth medium. chloramphenicol and other inhibitors of protein synthesis protect the cells against lysis by exog ... | 1975 | 674 |
| current status of treatment of pneumonia. | proper treatment of pneumonia is dependent upon a correct diagnosis. pneumonia may be due to infectious agents, allergic phenomena, or chemical causes. treatment regimens are outlined for the various types of pneumonia--pneumococcal, staphylococcal, fungal, and pneumonia due to gram-negative and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, to blastomyces dermatitidis, and to the parasite pneumocystis carinii. in discussing current concepts of treatment, several well-known methods are emphasized, as well as ... | 1975 | 792 |
| pneumococcal bacteriophages. | | 1975 | 844 |
| comparative study of virological infections in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. | the author shows complex analyses: clinical, laboratory, x-rays, bronchoscopical, bronchographical and measuring lung function tests as well as the serological examinations in blood serum of both groups of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children with virological infection. the calculation of statistically significant differences between the various diagnostical results of both groups has confirmed that in asthmatic children virological infection of the respiratory tract, pathological findings in x-r ... | 1975 | 884 |
| acute otitis media. a clinical bacteriological and serological study of children with frequent episodes of acute otitis media. | a series of episodes of acute otitis media was studied with reference to bacterial findings and specific serological responses in 48 children with histories of frequent episodes before. d. pneumoniae and h. influenzae were the most frequently isolated pathogens. re-isolations after therapy were often made in episodes with slow healing or therapeutic failure. most children harboured pathogens in nasopharynx even when they had no signs of respiratory tract infections. homologous relapses were seen ... | 1975 | 885 |
| a comparison of the substrate specificities of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases from streptomyces griseus and diplococcus pneumoniae. | | 1975 | 1016 |
| inhibition of bacterial wall lysins by lipoteichoic acids and related compounds. | | 1975 | 1027 |
| some observations on the effects produced in white mice following the injection of certain suspensions of corroding bacilli. | strictly anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic strains of "corroding bacilli" failed to produce any pathological symptoms when injected into white mice and no viable organisms could be recovered after 7 days. however, when these same strains were coupled with certain other living bacteria or certain sterile bacterial extracts, lesions developed from which corroding bacilli could be isolated even after 21 days. | 1975 | 1080 |
| action of neuraminidases isolated from diplococcus pneumoniae and clostridium perfringens on the viscosity and elastic properties of bronchial secretions. | | 1975 | 1124 |
| editorial: bronchiectasis today. | | 1975 | 1138 |
| efficacy of doxycycline in acute infections of the lower respiratory tract. | | 1976 | 1210 |
| evidence of tandem duplication of genes in a merodiploid region of pneumococcal mutants resistant to sulfonamide. | a pneumococcal mutant, sulr-c, resistant to sulfonamides, and three transformants bearing associated d or d+ resistance markers have earlier been reported to be unstable and show distinct patterns and frequencies of segregating stable progeny lacking the c marker. each of the four strains showed a characteristic dosage of the genes involved in the merodiploidy. complementary strands of dna's from these stable and unstable strains were resolved and homoduplex and heteroduplex hybrids made from th ... | 1975 | 1323 |
| a study of pneumococcal merodiploids at the molecular level. | the dna of a sulfonamide-resistant pneumococcal strain (heterozygous for sulr-c) and that of three highly resistant and persistently heterozygous cd transformants, derived by introducing sulr-c marker into a stable sulfonamide resistant strain (sulr-d), were studied to analyze the genetic basis of their merodiploidy. the physical properties of the native and denatured dna from the heterozygotes and the nonheterozygous strains were not distinguishable. the denaturability and the renaturability of ... | 1975 | 1324 |
| genetic hybridization at the unlinked thy and str loci of streptococcus. | the sanguis and pneumoniae species of streptococcus were used as recipients in transformations from str+ to str-r and from thy- to thy+. the str-r mutations in the two species had been previously shown to be allelic. homology of the thy- mutations in the two species was demonstrated in the similar phenotypic properties they conferred (death in the absence of thymidine, lack of thymidylate synthetase). the str and thy loci are unlinked in each species.--- when the two species are transformed by b ... | 1975 | 1325 |
| suppressor t cells and host resistance to tye 111 pneumococcus after treatment with antilymphocyte serum. | the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (ss-ii) was significantly increased in mice treated with antilymphocyte serum (als). balg/c mice given 0.25 ml of als on days -1, 0, and 1 relative to the days of immunization with 0.5 mug of sss-ii had a 20-fold increment (11,383 increased to 199,917) in the number of splenic plaque-forming cells enumerated on day 5 compared with untreated, immunized controls. this effect has been attributed to the elimination of subpopulation of thy ... | 1975 | 1345 |
| mismatch correction in pneumococcal transformation: donor length and hex-dependent marker efficiency. | a hypothesis that preferential rejection of donor markers by the hex system of pneumococcus is due to lethal double-strand breaks has been examined in terms of its implications for the extent of the excision required. experiments reported here were directed at asking whether hex-dependent marker efficiency depends on the length of the donor deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). in the absence of intracellular competition for hex function, there was no detectable effect of dna size on hex-dependent marker ... | 1976 | 1370 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis of pneumococcal antigens:improved sensitivity for the detection of types vii and xiv. | rapid identification of streptococcus pneumoniae has been reported using counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of specific capsular antigens in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. previous clinical studies have failed to detect type vii or xiv pneumococcal antigen. these two types, however, account for a significant portion of pneumococcal disease. the incorporation of a sulfonated derivative of phenylboronic acid in the buffer system provides a method for the sensitive detection of ... | 1975 | 1417 |
| kinetics of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii). i. use of 125i-labeled sss-iii to study serum antibody levels, as well as the distribution and excretion of antigen after immunization. | a simple method was described for the preparation of 125i-labeled type iii neumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) with a high specific radioactivity which retained the physical and immunologic properties of native sss-iii. sss-iii was used to study the serum and tissue levels of antigen, as well as its excretion, after i.p. injection. when an optimally immunogenic dose (0.5 mug) of antigen was given, greater than 90% of the injected antigen was excreted during the first 3 days after injection; how ... | 1976 | 1445 |
| kinetics of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. ii. factors influencing the serum antibody levels after immunization with an optimally immunogenic dose of antigen. | when the number of pfc present in the spleen was measured at 24-hr intervals after immunizing with an optimally immunogenic dose of type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii), maximal numbers of pfc were attained 4 days after immunization; thereafter, the number of pfc decreased rapidly. by contrast, serum antibody levels, which were measured in the same mice using a farr test, reached peak values 5 days after immunization and then declined much more slowly than did the number of pfc. two fa ... | 1976 | 1446 |
| countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children. | | 1976 | 1482 |
| the influence of bacterial superinfection on the clinical course of influenza. studies from the influenza epidemics in stockholm during the winters 1969-70 and 1971-72. | during two epidemics of influenza a infection in stockholm 1969-72, 249 cases were selected for a study on the effect of bacterial superinfection. bacterial involvement was demonstrated through cultures and serologic reactions. the occurrence of c-reactive protein in increased amount in serum was significantly more common in the group which had the strongest indication of bacterial infection. an increased duration of fever, and a higher incidence of pneumonia, leukocytosis and erythrocyte sedime ... | 1975 | 1847 |
| evaluation of the antibiotic effect of treatment of maxillary sinusitis. | as the effect of antibiotic treatment of maxillary sinusitis has been questioned, the elimination of bacteria from sinus secretions was studied during antibiotic treatment. penicillin v, azidocillin, tetracycline or doxycycline was administered to 54 patients with maxillary sinusitis. samples of sinus secretion were aspirated both before treatment and 2-3 days after the onset of treatment. when the antibiotic concentration was below the upper limit of mic for sensitivity group 1, bacterial growt ... | 1975 | 1848 |
| corneal infections (author's transl). | | 1975 | 1981 |
| allergic manifestations of the eye and adjacent structures. | | 1976 | 2491 |
| counter-current immunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of pneumococcal chest infection. | counter-current immunoelectrohporesis is a rapid sensitive method for detecting pneumococcal capsular antigens in sputum. a result can be obtained within 45 minutes. the optimum conditions for performing the test are given. counter-current immunoelectrophoresis works with all the 33 pneumococcal antigens tested except type 14. better precipitin lines are obtained when the gel-support is acid (ph 6-6) than when it is alkaline (ph 8-6). omniserum is as effective as group-specific sera for the iden ... | 1975 | 2621 |
| use of anaerobic culture for the improved isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae. | the following report compares the results of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation for the primary isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) from the respiratory tract of children. of 414 specimens of respiratory tract secretions cultured, 65 (15-7%) yielded pneumococci; 31 (47-7%) grew both aerobically and anaerobically, but 34 (52-3%) strains were isolated only from the anaerobic culture. pneumococci cultured anaerobically with added carbon dioxide characteristically produce large m ... | 1976 | 2622 |
| regulation of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. v. ontogeny of factors influencing the magnitude of the plaque-forming cell response. | mice of different ages were evaluated with respect to their ability to give a plaque-forming cell (pfc) response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sssiii), as well as the degree of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived(t) cell activity present. although the magnitude of the pfc response to an optimally immunogenic dose of sss-iii for 2-and 3-week old mice was only 7% and 14%, respectively, of that produced by adult (8-week old) mice, values comparable to those of adult animals were atta ... | 1976 | 2633 |
| the role of the capsular polysaccharide in the activation of the alternative pathway by the pneumococcus. | previous studies have shown that when pneumococci are incubated in normal, nonimmune serum, they activate the alternative pathway and opsonically active c3b is fixed to the surface of the organism. other studies have demonstrated that c3-dependent opsonization via the alternative pathway plays a significant role in the nonimmune host's defense against the pneumococcus. the present studies concern the role of the capsular polysaccharide in initiating the activation of the alternative pathway by t ... | 1976 | 2634 |
| the effects of age on the immune response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (siii) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) in balb/c, sjl/j, and c3h mice. | type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (siii) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) were used to evaluate b cell and t cell regulatory functions in balb/c, sjl/j, and c3h mice of various ages. it was found that the balb/c and c3h mice could mount high level plaque-forming cell (pfc) responses to siii at various ages through 110 weeks whereas the levels of the sjl/j pfc responses had begun to decline by the age of 42 weeks through the age of 80 weeks. balb/c mice were also capable of producing str ... | 1976 | 2635 |
| detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in the sputum of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | each of 41 patients with bacterial pneumonia was placed into 1 of 4 categories based on the relative clinical certainty of the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. the frequency of pneumococcal polysaccharide in the sputum by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) was then noted for each diagnostic category of patients. detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in sputum correlated with the diagnostic certainty of pneumococcal pneumonia, while results of culture of sputum were less indicative of pneu ... | 1976 | 2641 |
| antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pneumococci relatively insensitive to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. | penicillin-insensitive pneumococci, of 10 serotypes, which had been isolated in australia and new guinea from healthy carriers and patients with pneumococcal infections, were shown to be relatively resistant to penicillin g, penicillin v, methicillin, cloxacillin, cephaloridine and cephalothin, compared with pneumococci fully sensitive to penicillin g. most penicillin-insensitive pneumococci either were fully sensitive to ampicillin or showed a slight decrease in sensitivity. the size of inoculu ... | 1975 | 2851 |
| proceedings: long-term therapy with antibiotics in chronic bronchitis. | longterm therapy of chronic bacterial bronchitis assumes two forms: (a) therapy of acute exacerbations, and (b) continuous longterm prophylaxis, chiefly during the 4-7 winter months. longterm prophylaxis should be confined exclusively to patients with two or more severe annual exacerbations. the commonest pathogens, haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci, are usually sensitive to ampicillin and amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole (bactrim or eusaprim) and tetracyclines. | 1975 | 2971 |
| comparative study of neuraminidases from "diplococcus pneumoniae" and "clostridium perfringens". | neuraminidases have been purified from the culture medium of two microorganisms, one aerobic, diplococcus neumoniae, the other anaerobic, clostridium perfringens. the enzymatic properties of the 2 neuraminidases have been studied (ph optimum; effect of cations; activity toward different substrates: neuraminyllactose, dilactaminyllacto-n-tetraose, gangliosides, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, collocalia glycoprotein, ovine submaxillary mucin, porcin intestinal and human bronchial mucins). | 1975 | 3129 |
| effect of intratumoral injection of bacterial and viral neuraminidase in rats. | we studied the effect of neuraminidase injection in rat's tumor at different doses: 5,10,50,100, 500 u and we concluded that: there was no difference between the rats treated with 5,10,50 u and the controls. the y died 3 weeks after the injection. but the rats treated by 100 at 500 u of na died quickley, in the week, of long metastases. | 1975 | 3291 |
| spinal epidural abscess in a five-week-old infant. a problem in diagnosis. | | 1976 | 3303 |
| immunochemical relationships between bacteria belonging to two separate families: pneumococci and klebsiella. | | 1976 | 3470 |
| kinetics of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. i. evidence that suppressor cells function by inhibiting the recruitment and proliferation of antibody-producing cells. | for the first 126 hr after immunization of mice with an optimally immunogenic dose (0.5 mug) of type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii), splenic antibody-forming pfc and serum antibody levels were measured at 2- and 8-hr intervals, respectively. pfc were detected at 28 hr after immunization and then increased through 86 hr after immunization; thereafter, the number of pfc remained nearly constant for the next 20 to 24 hr, and then began to decline. in contrast, serum antibody was first de ... | 1976 | 3604 |
| letter: factors influencing the response of mice to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | | 1976 | 3608 |
| secondary igg responses to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. ii. different cellular requirements for induction and elicitation. | mice primed with a thymus- (t) dependent form of type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (s3), i.e., s3 coupled to erythrocytes (s3-rbc) produce s3-specific igg antibody after secondary challenge with either s3 or s3-rbc. the production of igg antibody by mice challenged with s3 was shown to be t independent since secondary responses were enhanced when mice were treated with anti-lymphocyte serum (als) at the time of secondary challenge with s3 and t-depleted spleen cells responded as well as unfra ... | 1976 | 3609 |
| the effect of bordetella pertussis on the antibody response in mice to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | the effect of an i.p. injection of bordetella pertussis on the primary humoral immune response in mice to the thymus-independent antigen siii has been studied. suppression of the antibody response occurred when pertussis cells were injected at the same time as an optimal immunizing dose of siii. in contrast, the antibody response to high doses of siii was enhanced by b. pertussis. when siii alone was injected, only 19s antibody was detected. however, when b. pertussis was administered with eithe ... | 1976 | 3610 |
| concentrations of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. | concentrations of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 4.5 x 10(3) to 3 x 10(8) colony-forming units/ml in 27 patients with bacterial meningitis before antibiotic therapy and from 4 x 10(1) to 1.4 x 10(6) cfu/ml in four patients after one to two days of antibiotic therapy. all patients with persistent positive cultures had pretreatment concentrations of 10(7) cfu/ml or greater. a significant association was observed between cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and concen ... | 1976 | 3635 |
| the role of some microorganisms in the pathogenesis of non-specific bronchopulmonary infections. | | 1976 | 3770 |
| significance of microorganisms found in throat swabs (author's transl). | | 1976 | 3776 |
| in-vitro study of the sensitivity of pneumococci to 7 cephalosporins. | | 1975 | 3928 |
| bactericidal activity and pharmacology of flucloxacillin. | flucloxacillin, a recent addition to the group of isoxazolyl penicillins, was studied in vitro and in normal volunteers. the bactericidal activity of the drug against most strains of gram-positive bacteria including penicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus was similar to that of oxacillin and approximately fourfold greater than that of cloxacillin. each of the three penicillins was administered orally to a group of ten volunteers for eight days in a dose of 500 mg four times a day. the mean co ... | 1976 | 3969 |
| in vitro susceptibility studies with josamycin and erythromycin. | the in vitro activity of josamycin and erythromycin against five bacterial species was compared. in general, erythromycin was slightly more active by weight than josamycin, although both agents had a similar range of activity. | 1976 | 4012 |
| counter-immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis by diplococcus pneumoniae and hemophilus influenzae. | the presence of antigen of d. pneumoniae and h. influenzae was detected by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (cie) in 113 lcr of children with central nervous system (cns) infection (17 viral, 70 bacterial and 6 tuberculous). from 41 normal children spinal fluid was obtained and used as control. precipitation band was not observed in normal children cases of viral and tuberculosis meningitis. in 21 cases of bacterial meningitis, d. pneumoniae and h. influenzae was isolated in six cases each. in six ... | 1976 | 4042 |
| measurement and comparison of the proliferative and antibody response of neonatal, immature and adult murine spleen cells to t-dependent and t-independent antigens. | | 1976 | 4226 |
| comparison of cepharadine and cephalexin in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. | | 1976 | 4284 |
| cephacetrile, a new cephalosporin: in vitro, pharmacological and clinical evaluation. | cephacetrile, a parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity, clinical pharmacology and effectiveness in the treatment of severe infections. the antibacterial activity against 187 isolates was determined by an agar-dilution technique. the mics were 0.06 to 0.5 mug/ml for group a streptococcus, d. pneumoniae, and staph. aureus, 4-6 mug/ml for e. coli and klebsiella-enterobacter 8-32 mug/ml for pr. mirabilis and more than 500 mug/ml for ps. aeruginosa. a few strains ... | 1975 | 4377 |
| role of deoxyribonucleic acid ligase in a doxyribonucleic acid membrane fraction extracted from pneumococci. | deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) ligase has been detected in a dna membrane fraction extracted from pneumococcus. the specific activity of the enzyme in this fraction is 10-fold greater than in the remaining cell extract. it remains firmly bound (with other enzymes) to the complex after a purification procedure in which a considerable percentage of the macromolecules are dissociated. the ligase acts in two ways in the dna membrane fraction in vitro. one, it catalyzes the linkage of small-molecular-we ... | 1976 | 4433 |
| single-strand breakage on binding of dna to cells in the genetic transformation of diplococcus pneumoniae. | | 1976 | 4625 |
| bacteriological studies on cefatrizine (s-640 p) (author's transl). | | 1976 | 4635 |
| viral pneumonias. | | 1976 | 4922 |
| bacteremia after tonsillectomy and adenectomy. | 40% of negative hemocultures become positive immediately after tonsillectomies and/or adenectomies. this bacteremia is asymptomatic and remains no longer than one hour. | 1976 | 4953 |
| immunology and microbiology in acute otitis media. | various immunological parameters were measured in serum, middle ear fluid (mef), and lymphocytes from peripheral blood and mef of infants with acute otitis media due to s. pneumoniae or h. influenzae. approximately half of 131 patients had ige specific antibody to the infecting bacterium as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique. seventy-one percent of these ige positive patients had ige specific antibody in the mef. total ige concentration was found to be from an averag ... | 1976 | 5039 |
| otitis media in the newborn infant. | otitis media occurs frequently in newborn infants and often is associated with systemic infection. patients studied at the boston city hospital have provided preliminary data on the otoscopic findings, tympanometric patterns and etiologic agents characteristic of otitis in this age group. | 1976 | 5040 |
| microorganisms in chronic otitis media with effusion. | a total of 175 effusions obtained from 172 patients suffering from chronic otitis media with effusions was examined for bacterial smear and culture. eighty percent showed positive bacterial smear, but only 49% yielded positive bacterial culture. the mucoid effusions had positive cultures in only 37%, whereas the bacterial culture rate was higher in serous (59%) and leukocytic (64%) types. the isolation of common pathogens accounted for about 50% of the isolates, and nonpathogens accounted for th ... | 1976 | 5041 |
| immunization against recurrent otitis media. | | 1976 | 5042 |
| susceptibility of pneumococci and haemophilus influenzae to antibacterial agents. | strains of diplococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to numerous antibiotics by a twofold agar dilution method using an inocula replicator. undiluted, fully grown broth cultures were used as inocula for both species, and cultures of pneumococci diluted 1:1,000 were also tested. the antibiotics included most of those in common use in the united states as well as some chemical modifications recently approved and others that are under investigation. the most s ... | 1976 | 5052 |
| meningitis due to relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococcus. | | 1976 | 5170 |
| biological properties of an immunogenic pneumococcal subcellular preparation. | a subcellular fraction, designated psp-3r, prepared from rough, type 3r streptococcus pneumoniae is described, which affords excellent protection to mice against challenge with smooth organisms of the homologous serotype 3s and significant protection against heterologous challenge with serotypes 1s and 2s. adjuvant enhances the protective capacity of the vaccine but is not necessary for immunogenicity. protection induced by psp-3r can be passively transferred tp normal mice with serum from activ ... | 1976 | 5373 |
| use of counter and rocket immunoelectrophoresis in acute respiratory infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae. | the use of counter immunoelectrophoresis (cie) for the detection of pneumococcal capsular antigen in the sputum and serum of patients suffering from acute respiratory infections is described. the cie of sputum gave positive results in 224 (99%) out of 225 samples in which streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated by cultural techniques, and in 23 (9%) out of 262 samples in which no or other potential pathogens had been isolated. in the detection of capsular antigen in serum, cie was positive in 32 ( ... | 1976 | 5466 |
| the binding of complement by complexes formed between a rabbit antibody and oligosaccharides of increasing size. | immune complexes formed between a homogeneous rabbit antibody to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide and a series of oligosaccharides of varying size derived from it were prepared and tested for their ability to fix guinea pig hemolytic complement. antibody and either tetra-, hexa-, or octasaccharide formed only monomeric antibody-hapten complexes and did not show any complement binding. a dodecasaccharide and a 16-sugar residues oligomer formed dimer and trimer immune complexes. these complexe ... | 1976 | 5560 |
| neonatal infection with mouse thymic virus: effects on cells regulating the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | mice infected neonatally with mouse thymic virus (ta) were evaluated at different ages with respect to their ability to give a plaque-forming cell (pfc) response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii), as well as the degree of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived (t) cell activity present. b cell activity matured rapidly from 2 to 4 weeks of age and was not affected by ta infection. amplifier t cell activity matured progressively over the first 8 weeks of life and was transiently s ... | 1976 | 5561 |
| gentamicin-susceptibility of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials. | we studied on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials mainly isolated during 1974 and 1975, comparing with other antibiotics. beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci are less susceptible to gentamicin than staphylococci. staph, aureus and staph. epidermidis resistant to various antibiotics are very susceptible to gentamicin, and no resistant strain to this drug was found. haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae and h. ... | 1976 | 5619 |
| defective lipid disposal mechanisms during bacterial infection in rhesus monkeys. | mechanisms producing hypertriglyceridemia during bacterial sepsis have not been well defined. in this study lipid disposal mechanisms were assessed in 76 infected and 19 control male rhesus monkeys by the ability to dispose of triglycerides after: (1) oral lipid loading; (2) intravenous lipid loading; and (3) by lipolytic enzyme activity tests as measured by postheparin lipolytic activity (phla). studies were performed both before and 48 hr after intravenous inoculation with either salmonella ty ... | 1976 | 5648 |
| serological types of diplococcus pneumoniae isolated from the respiratory tract of children with cystic fibrosis and children with other diseases. | the distribution of serological types of d. pneumoniae was investigated in 40 strains isolated from 26 children with cystic fibrosis and 57 strains isolated from 39 children with other diseases. all strains were isolated from sputum or tracheal secretion. the strains from cystic fibrosis patients belonged to 14 different serological types, the most prevalent were 19f, 19a and 3. the strains from the other group of children belonged to 20 different serological types, the most prevalent were 23f, ... | 1976 | 5773 |
| bacteriological examinations of bronchial secretion in children with non-specific bronchopulmonary disease (author's transl). | one thousand specimens of bronchial secretion from children with non-specific respiratory diseases have been examined bacteriologically. in spite of the complex nature of acute and especially of chronic respiratory disease the role of bacterial infection should not be underestimated. thirty per cent of the specimens were sterile. more than 20 per cent of the bacterial species isolated from bronchial secretion were pathogenic. relatively frequent was the isolation of e. coli and of pathogenic sta ... | 1975 | 5823 |
| bacterial meningitis in infancy and childhood in lusaka (one year prospective sturdy). | in approximately 10,000 admissions in a 12 months period, at university teaching hospital, lusaka 85 cases of meningitis were recorded. the signs and symptoms in these patients do not greatly differ from other similar studies in africa. the commonest organism isolated was pneumococcus. there was high mortality rate which was to a large extent due to parents not bringing their children to hospital early enough for medical treatment to be instituted. this is borne out by the fact that 50% of the c ... | 1975 | 5834 |
| the interaction of homogeneous, murine myeloma immunoglobulins with polysaccharide antigens. | | 1975 | 5861 |
| altered hepatic glycogen metabolism and glucoregulatory hormones during sepsis. | levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon in portal vein plasma and of liver glycogen and cyclic amp and activities of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in liver were assayed in control (cont) rats and rats infected (inf) with diplococcus pneumoniae. in inf rats compared with cont rats, insulin and glucagon levels were higher (8,12,24 h). activity of synthase i was lower (8, 12, 24 h) and of phosphorylase higher (12 and 24 h) in inf rats. cyclic amp levels were higher in inf rats at 12 and 24 h ... | 1976 | 5897 |
| antigenemia in fulminant pneumococcemia. | two asplenic patients with fulminant pneumococcemia developed purpura and coagulopathy. levels of c3 and c4 in the serum were low. both patients had high levels of circulating capsular polysaccharide, and one patient had visible diplococci on a smear of the peripheral blood. pneumococcal group c polysaccharide (c-substance) was detected in the serum of one of the patients. possible pathogenetic relation of circulating pneumococcal antigens to the development of coagulopathy in pneumococcemia is ... | 1976 | 5936 |
| relationship between the antibacterial activity and the acceptor properties of certain penicillins. | antibacterial activity of 2 natural and 12 semisynthetic penicillins against 5 strains of grampositive bacteria was determined and quantum chemical estimation of their molecules was performed with the hukkel method. the data were indicative of the fact that antibacterial activity of the penicillins was connected with the acceptor properties of their molecules. | 1976 | 5946 |
| antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin and ampicillin. | single equimolar oral doses of bacampicillin and ampicillin were given to 9 healthy subjects on a crossover randomized basis. data were interpreted in terms of a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic open model. intestinal absorption of bacampicillin was found to be faster and more complete than that of ampicillin, yielding an increase in bioavailability of 30% to 40% as measured by the area under serum levels curve, the urinary excretion and absorption rate constants. after the administration of bacamp ... | 1976 | 6181 |
| comparative in vitro activity of cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cefoxitin, cephamycin c, cepharadine and cefazolin was determined against 443 isolates of bacteria. at a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml, all of the cephalosporins inhibited more than 60% of the isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. at the same concentration, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephamycin c and cefazolin inhibited more than 90% of isolates of proteus mirabilis. all of the cephalosporins except ... | 1976 | 6411 |
| antibacterial activity of eight cephalosporins against haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. | | 1976 | 6415 |
| role of polyadenylic acid in a deoxyribonucleic acid-membrane fraction extracted from pneumococci. | after the addition of radioactive polyadenylic acid to cell suspensions of pneumocci, part of the radioactivity becomes associated with a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)-membrane fraction extracted from the cells. a variety of techniques show that a portion of this associated radioactivity may represent oligoadenylates complexed to dna, probaby as part of a ribonucleic acid (rna) component. polyadenylic acid, which had previously been shown to enhance dna synthesis in cell suspensions (firshein and ... | 1976 | 6428 |
| purification and characterization of an endo-beta-galactosidase produced by diplococcus pneumoniae. | an endo-beta-galactosidase acting on blood group a and b substances was found in the culture fluid of diplococcus pneumoniae. the enzyme was purified 1000-fold, and its properties were studied in detail. the enzyme preparation, thus obtained, was practically free from various exoglycosidases, endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase and proteases. the enzyme releases trisaccharides from blood group a and b active mucins purified from ovarian cyst fluid. the structures of the trisaccharides liberated fr ... | 1976 | 6459 |
| purification of the pneumococcal n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase to biochemical homogeneity. | | 1976 | 6472 |
| quantitative and qualitative determinations of the combined effect of tetracycline and oleandomycin. i. in vitro effect. | growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment of tetracycline (tc) and oleandomycin (om), at a ratio of 2:1, on certain species of pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant ones was examined. by the crossed paper strip method, synergistic effects were demonstrated against 9 of the 16 strains of staphylococcus aureus, and all of the 5 strains of escherichia coli studied. antagonism was observed with none of the strains and with 2 strains of streptococcus pyogenes and 2 strains of streptococcu ... | 1976 | 6805 |
| classification of acute bacterial meningitis cases according to their etiology, seen in a children's hospital in ankara from march 1973 to april 1974. | in a 14 months period, as from march 1973 to april 1974 468 cases of acute bacterial meningitis have been diagnosed by c.s.f. findings; namely by examining the protein and sugar content, by the cell counts, gram's staining and culturing of the sediments of c.s.f. 188 cases were proven by culturing to be meningococcic meningitis. all these cases are from the families living in suburban areas of the city under crowded circumstances, which show the importance of population density in the epidemiolo ... | 1976 | 6862 |
| a survey of isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae. | over eight months 130 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for sensitivity to penicillin, tetracycline, cephalosporin and co-trimoxozole. except in one doubtful case all isolates were sensitive to penicillin. all were sensitive to cephalosporin. 6.9 percent is isolates were resistant to co-trimoxozole. it is suggested that penicillin remains the drug of choice in the treatment of pneumococcal infections. | 1976 | 6927 |
| letter: diagnostic value of the detection of specific polysaccharides by counterelectrophoresis in meningitis in children. 50 cases. | | 1976 | 6946 |