| isolation and purification of flavobacterium alpha-1,3-glucanase-hydrolyzing, insoluble, sticky glucan of streptococcus mutans. | studies were made on the physical and chemical properties of polysaccharides synthesized by cell-free extracts of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus sp. and their susceptibilities to dextranases. among the polysaccharides examined, insoluble glucans were rather resistant to available dextranase preparations, and the insoluble, sticky glucan produced by s. mutans omz 176, which could be important in formation of dental plaques, was the most resistant. by enrichment cul ... | 1975 | 370 |
| effect of trace elements on dissolution of hydroxyapatite by cariogenic streptococci. | the effect of low levels of strontium, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and fluorine, alone and in combination, on hydroxyapatite solubility, bacterial growth, and acid production in five antigenic types of streptococcus mutans was investigated. pour plates containing synthetic hydroxyapatite were used to compare dissolution of hydroxyapatite. the colonies of the five antigenic types of s mutans produced zones of dissolution that were measured. acid production and growth were studied in broth culture ... | 1975 | 429 |
| characterization of an extracellular dextranase from fusarium moniliforme. | an extracellular dextranase (ec 3.2.1.11) was purified approximately 75-fold from cell-free culture filtrates of fusarium moniliforme. the purified dextranase was of the endo type, and isomaltose was identified as the primary end product of dextran hydrolysis. the molecular weight of the dextranase was determined to be 39,000 by gel permeation chromatography. the enzyme was most active at ph 5.5, and the temperature optimum was near 55 c. activity was not inhibited by either ethylenediaminetetra ... | 1975 | 953 |
| glucan inhibition of diffusion in plaque. | | 1976 | 1426 |
| effect of glucose and sucrose on survival in batch culture of streptococcus mutans c67-1 and a noncariogenic mutant, c67-25. | the growth and survival of two strains of streptococcus mutans in 5% (wt/vol) glucose or sucrose broth was investigated. s. mutans strain c67-1 showed little loss of viability after 30 h of incubation in batch culture in the presence of either sugar. s. mutans strain c67-25, a noncariogenic mutant of c67-1 that has lost the ability of the latter to produce sticky, insoluble extracellular polysaccharide when grown in sucrose broth, showed a dramatic loss of viability after 30 h of incubation in e ... | 1976 | 2556 |
| activity of two streptococcus mutans bacteriocins in the presence of saliva, levan, and dextran. | the extracellular dextrans produced from sucrose by streptococcus mutans strains bht and gs-5 did not prevent the synthesis or release of active bacteriocins by these two strains. in addition, several streptococci that were genetically sensitive to these bacteriocins, and that could synthesize a variety of extracellular dextrans and levans from sucrose, remained phenotypically sensitive when grown in the presence of sucrose. bacteriocin activity was not altered by treatment with high-molecular-w ... | 1976 | 4376 |
| adherence of serotype e streptococcus mutans and the inhibitory effect of lancefield group e and s mutans type e antiserum. | s mutans strain mt703 from an active carious lesion in the tooth of a child had type e specificity and showed a cross-reaction with the lancefield group e cell wall streptococcal polysaccharide antigen. heat-killed cells mt703 adhered to a glass surface in the presence of cgt mt703 and sucrose. pretreatment of the cells with anti-mt703 whole cell serums inhibited adherecne. the removal of glycerol teichoic acid antibody and group e antibody from the mt703 serum did not result in a loss of inhibi ... | 1976 | 4482 |
| diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-bacterial cell immunoadsorbent columns: preparation of serotype-specific globulin and immunofluorescent conjugates for streptococcus mutans serotypes a and d. | diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose was used as a support material for preparing bacterial cell columns. pretreatment of the bacterial cells with formalin was essential in obtaining satisfactory adherence of the cells to deae-cellulose. cross-reacting antibodies were removed from antibody preparations against strains of streptococcus mutans serotypes a and d by adsorption on appropriate bacterial cell columns. s. mutans serotype d was further divided into two subtypes on the basis of immunofluore ... | 1976 | 6391 |
| ph changes during culture of human dental plaque streptococci on mitis-salivarius agar. | | 1976 | 8030 |
| synthesis, physicochemical parameters, and in vitro evaluation of n1-p-chlorophenyl-n5-alkylbiguanides. | a series of n1-p-chlorophenyl-n5-alkylbiguanides were synthesized as potential inhibitors of dental plaque. partition coefficients and pka values were determined by standard methods. biological activity was evaluated against streptococcus mutans, a pure strain of plaque-forming bacteria. all compounds were compared to chlorhexidine acetate. | 1976 | 8630 |
| physiological effects of sucrose substitutes and artificial sweeteners on growth pattern and acid production of glucose-grown streptococcus mutans strains in vitro. | the synergistic effects of four sucrose substitutes, polysorbate and five artificial sweeteners were studied in vitro on growth pattern and acid production of seven glucose-grown streptococcus mutans strains, representing the five serological groups after bratthall. four distinct growth patterns during glucose fermentation were observed: high rate of growth with low acid production, moderate growth rate with moderate acid production, moderate growth rate with high acid production, and slow rate ... | 1976 | 8890 |
| nature of plaque. | | 1976 | 9613 |
| autolysis in strains of viridans streptococci. | seven strains of viridans streptococci of the species streptococcus sanguis, s. mutans and s. mitis were investigated for autolysis. the effect of ph, salt concentration and temperature on the autolytic process was studied in na2hpo4/nah2po4 buffer. whole cells and walls of all strains autolysed most rapidly at ph values above 7. autolysis of whole cells of s. sanguis and one strain of s. mitis (atcc15909) was maximal in 0-05 to 0-2 m buffer, while the two s. mutans strains and s. mitis atcc1591 ... | 1976 | 10349 |
| microbiological assays for dental caries and periodontal disease susceptibility. | | 1976 | 10540 |
| effect of glucose and sucrose on the survival in batch culture of streptococcus mutans c67-1 and a non-cariogenic mutant c67-25. morphological studies. | this study comprised an ultrastructural examination of a cariogenic strain of streptococcus mutans, c67-1, and a non-cariogenic mutant of that strain, c67-25. the aim of the work was to define more clearly the relationship between s. mutans and dental caries and, more specifically, to elicit ultrastructural evidence for the conclusion from a previous investigation that the greater survival of the parent strain in sucrose broth at uncontrolled ph was related partly to the production in this mediu ... | 1976 | 11393 |
| purification and some properties of free and cell-associated dextransucrase from streptococcus sanguis. | dextransucrase of streptococcus sanguis occurred in cell-free and cell-associated forms. cell-free dextransucrase was purified by four successive chromatographies on bio-gel p 60, deae-cellulose, and bio-gel p 200 from the culture supernatant. the purification of cell-associated dextransucrase was made from the pellet of streptococcus sanguis culture. bacterial pellet was extracted with 1 m phosphate buffer (ph 6.0) and chromatographied by using an immunosorbent column. the two enzymes gave sing ... | 1976 | 11837 |
| enhancement of the antiplaque value of antibacterial agents through enamel-conditioning methods: ii. acquisition of antiplaque properties by treated enamel. | enamel specimens treated with systems containing enamel conditioners and antibacterial agents have previously been shown to incorporate the latter into the enamel. it has now been demonstrated that enamel blocks treated with these systems become highly resistant to bacterial colonization, that this effect is rather long lasting, and that the treated specimens prevent acid formation when incubated with streptococcus mutans in a sugar-containing medium. | 1976 | 12195 |
| lactate formation at various ph levels by the wild strain of streptococcus mutans pk 1, its variant, and s sanguis. | | 1976 | 12197 |
| extracellular dextran hydrolase from streptococcus mutans strain 6715. | streptococcus mutans strain 6715 was shown to produce an extracellular dextramase with endohydrolytic alpha-(1 leads to 6)-glucan-6-glucanohydrolase activity. the enzyme degraded soluble polymers produced by some oral streptococci but did not disperse the streptococcal plaques tested. enzyme levels in the culture supernatant were elevated in sucrose and sucrose plus glucose cultures but remained at basal levels in glucose and dextran plus glucose cultures. | 1977 | 14177 |
| microbial and salivary conditions in 9- to 12-year-old children. | the prevalence of s. mutans and lactobacilli, the salivary secretion rate, and salivary ph and buffer capacity were examined in 655 children 9-12 years old. some of these factors were correlated with the frequency of caries. positive correlations were observed between for example s. mutans and lactobacilli, between s. mutans and incipient smooth surface caries, and between lactobacilli and open carious lesion. a high proportion of the children showed large numbers of s. mutans and lactobacilli. | 1977 | 14393 |
| lycasin as a sugar substitute. | | 1977 | 16739 |
| glucosyl transferases from streptococcus mutans and a non-plaque forming mutant. | | 1977 | 17379 |
| some dental effects of xylitol under laboratory and in vivo conditions. | | 1977 | 18284 |
| plaque formation by streptococci in an artificial mouth and factors influencing colonization. | | 1977 | 18435 |
| the effect of various front tooth filling materials on the in vitro growth of streptococcus mutans. | while silicate cement inhibits bacterial growth, resin materials promote it immediately after mixing. toxic tissue reactions may be induced by bacterial plaque accumulation. our testing method complements existing in-vitro tests for recording chemo-toxic activities. | 1977 | 19227 |
| acid production from lycasin, maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol by oral streptococci and lactobacilli. | the acid production from maltitol was compared with the acid production from hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (lycasin), sorbitol and xylitol by a number of oral strains and reference strains of streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, s. salivarius, s. mitior, s. milleri, s. faecalis, s. faecium, s. avium, lactobacillus casei and l. salivarius. the polyols were added to a final concentration of 1.0% to two different basal media. incubation was performed at 37 degrees c for 7 days after which the ph was ... | 1977 | 21508 |
| international aspects of oral microbiology. | it appears that the bacteria of the mouth are remarkably similar throughout the world. there are differences, but they are mostly of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature. although much is yet to be learned on the regulation of the oral ecosystems, these quantitative fluctuations to a large extent seem to be induced by different dietary patterns: the food exerting a strong selective pressure on the oral microbiota. | 1977 | 21852 |
| fluoride uptake by streptococcus mutans 6715. | the short-term kinetics of fluoride uptake by cells from 20- to 22-h cultures of streptococcus mutans strain 6715 were studied using rapid filtration and centrifugation techniques. saline-suspended organisms were diluted with fluoride-containing solutions buffered at four different ph values (2.0, 4.0, 5.5, and 8.2). fluoride disappearance from the medium was inversely related to ph and to the duration of the exposure at any given ph. the uptake was rapid and extensive at the lower ph values and ... | 1977 | 22490 |
| binding of lectins to streptococcus mutans cells and type-specific polysaccharides, and effect on adherence. | the lectin concanavalin a (con a) agglutinated the cells of 13 of 15 strains of the seven serotypes of streptococcus mutans in an 18-h incubation period. strains of types a, d, f, and g agglutinated within 2 h. strains of a, d, and f were also agglutinated in 2 h by the castor bean lectin rca. s. sanguis, s. salivarius, s. bovis, actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, and lactobacillus plantarum were agglutinated within 2 h. the s. mutans type f polysaccharide was precipitated by con a. the a, b, ... | 1977 | 22491 |
| effect of ph and counter ions on the zeta-potential of oral streptococci. | | 1977 | 23746 |
| in-vitro inhibition of ph changes by chlorhexidine in human dental plague suspensions. | | 1977 | 23747 |
| effects of fluoride on carbohydrate metabolism by washed cells of streptococcus mutans grown at various ph values in a chemostat. | streptococcus mutans ingbritt was grown anaerobically in a chemostat, at a rate (mean generation time, 13 h) similar to that in dental plaque, in a complex medium with excess glucose and at ph values of 6.5, 6.0, and 5.5. the yield of cells was constant at ph 6.5 and 6.0 (2.00 mg/ml) but fell to 1.25 at ph 5.5; y(glucose) was relatively constant under all conditions. lactic acid was the major end product. amino acid analysis of the culture supernatants indicated that growth was probably limited ... | 1978 | 24590 |
| observation of beta-hemolysis among three strains of streptococcus mutans. | streptococcus mutans is normally alpha- or gamma-hemolytic on blood agar plates. however, three recently isolated s. mutans strains were observed to elicit beta-hemolysis. the production and nature of a hemolytic substance were studied. | 1978 | 24591 |
| the microbiology and biochemistry of plaque, saliva, and drinking water from two communities with contrasting levels of caries in colombia, s.a. | | 1977 | 24649 |
| aspartokinase of streptococcus mutans: purification, properties, and regulation. | aspartokinase from streptococcus mutans bht was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 242,000 by gel filtration. cross-linking of aspartokinase with dimethyl suberimidate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the amidinated enzyme in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the enzyme to be composed of six identical subunits with a molecular wieght of 40,000. the optimal ph range for enzyme activity was 6.5 to 8.5. the a ... | 1978 | 26656 |
| antibacterial properties of hibitane. | | 1977 | 26698 |
| effect of caries-preventive measures in children with high numbers of s. mutans and lactobacilli. | | 1978 | 30166 |
| lactate dehydrogenase mutants of streptococcus mutans: isolation and preliminary characterization. | mutants of streptococcus mutans were isolated which lack the enzyme activity l (+)-lactate dehydrogenase. reversion studies indicate that the genetic defects are in the structural gene for the enzyme. the mutants produce less titratable acid from glucose, adhere better to hydroxyapatite, and accumulate more plaque when grown in the presence of sucrose than does the parent strain. these findings suggest a possible use for the mutants as effector strains in the replacement therapy of dental caries ... | 1978 | 30695 |
| factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii during growth and in washed cell suspensions. | various factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii strain 12104 were studied. when the ph of glucose-supplemented growth medium fell below 5.5, the cells aggregated and formed microbial masses which tenaciously adhered to the culture vessels. when the organism was cultured in the same medium in the absence of glucose, maximum growth was reduced and the final culture ph values remained above 6.5, but the cells were more dispersed and nonadherent. adjusting the final ph of these c ... | 1978 | 30700 |
| growth inhibition of streptococcus mutans by the black pigment (haematin) of bacteroides melaninogenicus. | | 1978 | 31156 |
| extractability of cell wall polysaccharide from lactobacilli and streptococci by autoclaving and by dilue acid. | autoclaving cell wall of streptococcus mutans ingbritt for 15 min under the rantz and randall conditions released one-tenth of the total cell wall carbohydrate, whereas two-thirds was extracted after autoclaving for 180 min. the extract contained the serotype c-specific antigen but lacked the lipoteichoic acid component extracted when whole cells were autoclaved. autoclaving cell wall preparations from other strains of s. mutans and also streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus mitis in 0.85% ... | 1978 | 32140 |
| interrelationships between lactobacilli and streptococci in plaque formation on a tooth in an artificial mouth. | | 1978 | 32164 |
| streptococcus mutans, an assessment of its physiological potential in relation to dental caries. | streptococcus mutans converts low levels of sucrose to lactic acid, but at high levels favours synthesis of glucans for plaque accumulation. thus, the continued exposure to sucrose fluxes would select microorganisms in the oral cavity (s. mutans being a prototype) with highly specialized adaptation and potential dental caries activity. the bacteria that have evolved physiological systems to function efficiently under these conditions are the lactic acid bacteria. these organisms survive in envir ... | 1978 | 32582 |
| effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. ix. the release of lipoteichoic acid from group a streptococci and from strep. mutans by leukocyte extracts and by lysozyme: relation to tissue damage in inflammatory sites. | human leukocyte extracts, egg white lysozyme, cationic proteins, polymyxin, colimycin, and phenol are capable of releasing lipoteichoic acids (lta) from group a streptococci and strep. mutans. while the extraction of lta by phenol is optimal at ph 4.7, the release of lta from streptococci by the other agents is optimal at ph 7.4. lta released by all agents was found to have the same sensitizing abilities, as determined by passive hemagglutination, and to have a similar chemical composition, as s ... | 1977 | 33119 |
| separation and properties of nad+- and nadp+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from streptococcus mutans. | | 1979 | 33184 |
| effect of growth conditions on the antigenic components of streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. | 1) the release of lta from chemostat-grown cultures of s. mutans and l. fermentum is dependent on the generation time and ph. 2) the growth rate affects the immunogenicity of lta and the wall polysaccharide of l. fermentum. 3) the growth of l. plantarum under glucose limitation influences the glucose content of the wall teichoic acid. the composition of the wall polysaccharide of s. mutans ingbritt may also be changed under these conditions. 4) the conditions of autoclaving used to release cell ... | 1978 | 33543 |
| genetic alterations of streptococcus mutans' virulence. | the use of mutants defective in caries-associated traits has enabled the genetic dissociation of agglutination from adhesion, the demonstration of serotype-specific contributions of ips to virulence, the importance of glucanohydrolase to virulence to a greater degree than to plaque formation, and the apparent lack of importance of agglutination to virulence. we have also been able to demonstrate the ability of plaque formation-defective mutants and other variants both to infect and to emerge, ye ... | 1978 | 33544 |
| regulation of lactose catabolism in streptococcus mutans: purification and regulatory properties of phospho-beta-galactosidase. | phospho-beta-galactosidase (p-beta-gal), the enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the metabolism of intracellular lactose phosphate, occurred at high specific activity in the cytoplasm in 12 of 13 strains of streptococcus mutans grown on lactose but not other carbon sources. the p-beta-gal from s. mutans sl1 was purified 13-fold using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion exchange and agarose a--0.5 m molecular exclusion column chromatography. the molecualr weight of the enzyme was estimated to be ... | 1979 | 33899 |
| effect of growth rate and glucose concentration on the activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in streptococcus mutans ingbritt grown in continuous culture. | streptococcus mutans ingbritt was grown anaerobically in a chemostat with a glucose limitation, as well as with an excess of glucose (amino acid limitation) at dilution rates (d) between 0.05 and 0.4 h(-1) (mean generation time = 12 to 1.5 h). the glucose-limited culture produced cells having 1.5- to 6.0-fold greater glycolytic activity than the cells from the glucose-excess culture. the preferred substrate for these cells was glucose, with the glycolytic rate for sucrose being only slightly low ... | 1979 | 33901 |
| [comparison of the metabolism of isolated streptococci and dental plaque]. | 1. isolated cultures of streptococcus mutans form lactic acid as well as small amounts of formic acid and acetic acid during the anaerobic break down of glucose. the composition of the acids in terms of percent is independent of time. 2. plaque specimens incubated in vitro show a complicated spectrum of substances; propionic and butyric acids are found in addition to lactic, formic, and acetic acids. the composition in terms of percent depends on the incubation period. the percentage of lactic a ... | 1979 | 34507 |
| phosphatase activity in strains of streptococcus mutans. | | 1978 | 35141 |
| effect of the sweet-tasting protein monellin on growth of a cariogenic bacterium: a microbiological study. | monellin is a protein with an intensely sweet taste and could be considered as a potential alternative sweetener to sucrose. the effect of monellin on the in vitro growth of the cariogenic microorganism streptococcus mutans was investigated. | 1979 | 35559 |
| effects of 3 months frequent consumption of hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (lycasin), maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol on human dental plaque. | lozenges containing hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (lycasin), maltitol, sorbitol or xylitol were consumed 4 times daily during 3 months by 4 groups of persons (in all 85 subjects). in the maltitol-, sorbitol- and xylitol-group the plque wet weights were of the same magnitude before and after the test period. in the lycasin-group, a higher value was found after than before the 3-month period (p less than 0.01). the acid production in suspensions of dental plaque material from lycasin, maltitol a ... | 1979 | 35919 |
| mechanism of glucan-induced agglutination in streptococcus mutans. i. binding of radioactive glucan to whole cells of s. mutans omz-176. | the binding of radioactive glucan to streptococcus mutans cells, which are agglutinated by dextrans, was examined. the glucan was synthesized from sucrose by extracellular glucosyltransferases from s. mutans fa-1 and was highly branched at c-3 and c-6 of d-glucose residues, containing 17% of a (1 leads to 3)inter-chain residues. binding of glucan to whole cells of s. mutans omz-176, which were agglutinated by addition of glucan or dextran t2000, was irreversible and followed saturation type kine ... | 1978 | 36546 |
| effects of stannous fluoride and tiodonium chloride on dental plaque in rats. | rats with six-day-old plaque were treated twice daily with mouthrinses containing either tiodonium chloride, stannous fluoride or a placebo. although the results for tiodonium chloride were unremarkable, stannous fluoride mouthrinses proved to be significantly effective in removing dental plaque and in restricting the ability of plaque to lower the ph of sugar solutions. | 1979 | 38267 |
| lactoperoxidase binding to streptococci. | there have been conflicting reports regarding the binding of lactoperoxidase to bacterial cell surfaces. we describe here the effects of cell-bound lactoperoxidase on acid production by suspensions of streptococcus mutans (nctc 10449) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate. saline suspensions of log-phase bacteria were treated with 0.1 mg of lactoperoxidase per ml and were then washed thoroughly. the addition of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate markedly reduced the acid production ... | 1979 | 39032 |
| effect of growth conditions on the formation of extracellular lipoteichoic acid by streptococcus mutans bht. | streptococcus mutans bht was grown in a chemostat with glucose limitation and at defined dilution rates and ph values. lipoteichoic acid was estimated by determining the ability of dilutions of culture fluid to sensitize erythrocytes. the greatest amounts of extracellular lipoteichoic acid were produced by organisms growing at a low dilution rate and at ph 6.0 or 6.5. to enable a more accurate estimation of the total amount of extracellular material, rocket immunoelectrophoresis was employed. th ... | 1979 | 39035 |
| clinical and microbiological aspects of chemotherapeutic agents used according to the specific plaque hypothesis. | certain forms of dental decay and periodontal disease appear to be due to specific bacterial infections following overgrowth of certain indigenous plaque bacteria, i.e., the specific plaque hypothesis, if so, then antimicrobial treatment based on a diagnosis of elevated levels or proportions of these organisms should be considered. such treatment cannot be administered according to concepts of the non-specific plaque hypothesis. a treatment philosophy is presented which is based upon considerati ... | 1979 | 41862 |
| plaque formation in vitro by actinomyces viscosus in the presence of streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans. | actinomyces viscosus, growing on a tooth in the presence of sucrose, slowly produced a loosely-attached plaque, the ph being 6.1 after 120 h. when the tooth was inoculated simultaneously with a. viscosus and either streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans, firmly-adherent plaque was quickly formed and the ph fell below 5 after 33 h with the former streptococcus and 24 h with the latter. a. viscosus disappeared from each mixed plaque by 120 h. | 1978 | 42006 |
| [the effects on caries in animal experiments when reducing sugar in cola-drinks(author's transl)]. | the effect of stepwise sugar reduction in cola drinks was tested in a programmed animal experiment using wistar rats. in a parallel study the ph-decrease at different sucrose concentrations was measured in vitro using a plaque model system which involved s. mutans (strain omz 176). the reduction of sugar contents by 20%, 33% und 42% results in a lower acid production by s. mutans strain connected with a decrease of the experimental produced caries. for this reason the sugar restriction in cola d ... | 1979 | 42238 |
| phenotypic stability of the cell wall of streptococcus mutans ingbritt grown under various conditions. | quantitative analyses of cell walls from streptococcus mutans ingbritt grown under carbohydrate limitation in the chemostat showed that growth conditions had no statistically significant effect on the composition of polysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or the proportion of polysaccharide in the cell wall. lysis of cell wall preparations with a muramidase supported this conclusion and further indicated that there was little difference in their overall structure. in contrast, there was a consistent diff ... | 1979 | 43287 |
| effect of carbohydrate source and growth conditions on the production of lipoteichoic acid by streptococcus mutans ingbritt. | streptococcus mutans ingbritt was grown in a chemostat at defined dilution rates and ph values and under carbohydrate limitation. at a constant dilution rate of d = 0.1 h-1 and with either 0.5% glucose or 0.5% sucrose, the amounts of both cellular and extracellular lipoteichoic acid increased as the culture ph increased from 5.0 to 7.5. at a constant ph of 6.0, the amount of cellular lipoteichoic acid formed by cultures growing in 0.2% or 0.5% glucose was relatively constant over a range of dilu ... | 1979 | 43288 |
| effect of growth rate and glucose concentration on the biochemical properties of streptococcus mutans ingbritt in continuous culture. | a comparison was made of the properties of streptococcus mutans ingbritt grown in continuous culture under conditions of excess glucose (nitrogen limitation) and limiting glucose at mean generation times of 1.7 to 14 h. only low levels of glucoamylase-specific glycogen were formed in cells from either culture, and the total carbohydrate content of the cells under excess glucose was only at most 1.6-fold higher than in the glucose-limited culture. a negligible amount of cell-free polysaccharide w ... | 1979 | 43291 |
| enzymic lysis and structure of the cell walls of the oral streptococcus mutans bht. | | 1979 | 44184 |
| does penicillin kill bacteria?. | the thesis is presented that the bactericidal action of penicillin and of other inhibitors of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, such as vancomycin and cycloserine, is secondary or tertiary to their ability inhibit specific reactions in the assembly of an osmotically protective cell wall. examples are given of the inhibition of these reactions, which results in inhibition of cell growth (bacteriostatic action) in the absence of either cellular lysis or rapid loss of viability. thus, in some inst ... | 1979 | 44383 |
| chemotherapeutic effect of zinc on streptococcus mutans and rat dental caries. | | 1979 | 44465 |
| binding of fluorine-18 by the oral bacterium, streptococcus mutans. | | 1979 | 44467 |
| the influence of environment on the oral flora of shangaan mineworkers. | | 1978 | 44502 |
| comparative effects of the substance-sweeteners glucose, sorbitol, sucrose, xylitol and trichlorosucrose on lowering of ph by two oral streptococcus mutans strains in vitro. | | 1979 | 44996 |
| antibody response in the parotid fluid and serum of irus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) after local immunization with streptococcus mutans. | the antibody response of macaca fascicularis in parotid saliva and serum to local immunization by two routes with streptococcus mutans was studied and compared over 1 year. antibodies were titrated and classified by indirect immunofluorescent staining using specific antiglobulin conjugates. antiglucosyltransferase activity was assayed by an enzyme inhibition test. animals were immunized first by injecting formalin-killed bacterial cells and cell products subcutaneously into the vicinity of the f ... | 1975 | 50286 |
| letter: vaccination against tooth decay. | | 1975 | 51383 |
| serological purification of polysaccharide antigens from streptococcus mutans serotypes a and d: characterization of multiple antigenic determinants. | the polysaccharide antigen preparations from serotype a and serotype d strains of streptococcus mutans contained both a serotype-specific antigenic determinant and a common a-d antigenic determinant, as demonstrated by agar gel diffusion studies and a quantitative cross-precipitin assay. the chromatographically purified antigens were isolated by a method which depended on their serological specificity to determine if these two antigenic determinants were located on the same molecule. the a and d ... | 1975 | 53200 |
| antigens of streptococcus mutans: characterization of a polysaccharide antigen from walls of strain gs-5. | a cell wall-associated polysaccharide antigen was isolated from streptococcus mutans gs-5 and appeared to determine serotype c specificity. ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis of crude formamide extracts derived from purified cell walls of two serotype c strains (gs-5 and jc-2) showed complete identify when reacted with anti-gs-5 sera. immunoelectrophoresis of this extract demonstrated the typical mobility for this serotype as described by others. column chromatography on biogel p-100 of the c ... | 1975 | 54338 |
| chemical composition of streptococcus mutans type c antigen: comparison to type a, b, and d antigens. | studies of the serotype a, b, and d antigens of s mutans were extended to include the serotype c antigen. type c antigen was extracted from cells of strain ingbritt and purified by repeated column chromatography. two type c antigens fractions were separated by chromatography on deae-sephadex and were designated i and ii. on agar gel diffusion, the major components of antigens i and ii were serologically identical with the major component of the crude ingbritt extract. rhamnose and glucose were p ... | 1976 | 54371 |
| improvement in specificity of immunofluorescent reagents for identifying streptococcus mutans by deae-cellulose-bacterial cell column immunosorption methods. | we have described a new method for preparing bacterial cell columns, in which deae-cellulose is used as the cell support material. the columns can be used to isolate pure antibody or to remove cross-reacting antibodies from immune igg. the columns are remarkable stable, can be scaled up to any desired dimensions, and should be suitable for large-scale production of highly specific serological reagents. the method is practical for obtaining serotype-specific and polyvalent if reagents for identif ... | 1976 | 54376 |
| common and unique antigens of streptococcus mutants. | | 1976 | 54377 |
| optimum immunization of rabbits for streptococcus mutans antiserum and conjugate production and studies of batch immunoabsorption methods. | by far, the most significant rises in titers were seen with the immunization protocol used in series 6. conjugates prepared from bleedings on the 33rd day produced exceptionally high titers for type b s mutans, and reasonably high titers for type a were obtained in a short time. a concentrated antigen with formalin (13.4 ml) was given during a ten-day period followed by a two-week rest period, after which booster doses of either antigen with formalin or live antigen were given (fig 1). based on ... | 1976 | 54378 |
| identification and quantitation of streptococcus mutans by the fluorescent antibody technique. | | 1976 | 54379 |
| application of fluorescent antibody methods in the analysis of plaque samples. | direct fa staining for s mutans serotypes may be performed on smears made from plaque or strain isolates and on colonies attached to agar plates of black membrane filters. staining with single conjugates directed to s mutans serotypes (a to e) as well as with polyvalent a-, b-, d-, f-fluorescein label and c-, e-rhodamine label conjugates indicate that serotype c is the most common. this is in agreement with many reports by other investigators. cross-reactions with many s mutans conjugates occurr ... | 1976 | 54380 |
| chemical and immunological properties of the type f polysaccharide antigen of streptococcus mutans. | the type-specific cell wall polysaccharide antigen was extracted, purified, and characterized from type f streptococcus mutans strain omz175 and mt557. the antigen was extracted from lyophilized cells with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 85 c for 15 min or saline at 120 c for 30 min. the trichloroacetic acid antigen was chromatographically separated into three antigenic fractions on a diethylaminoethyl-sephadex a-25 column. antigen 1 (ag1p), which was specific for type f antiserum, was further purifi ... | 1976 | 59704 |
| purification and immunochemical characterization of type e polysaccharide antigen of streptococcus mutans. | the type-specific antigen of streptococcus mutans strain mt703, serotype e, has been chromatographically purified and characterized. two chromatographic fractions were obtained from saline extracts which reacted with both anti-mt703 whole-cell serum and lancefield group e serum. the major fraction (ei) was identified as a polysaccharide composed of 37% glucose, 56% rhamnose, 5% protein, and 0.3% phosphorus, whereas the minor fraction (eii) contained 66% protein in addition to 10% glucose and 17% ... | 1976 | 59706 |
| antigenic relatedness of glucosyltransferase enzymes from streptococcus mutans. | the antigenic relationship of glucosyltransferases (gtf) produced by different serotypes of streptococcus mutans was studied by using a functional inhibition assay. rat, rabbit, or hamster immune fluids, directed to cell-associated or supernatant-derived gtf, were tested against ammonium sulfate-precipitated culture supernatants containing gtf from seven strains of s. mutans representing six different serotypes. an antigenic relationship was shown to exist among gtf from serotypes a, d, and g, s ... | 1977 | 64460 |
| microcapsules on streptococcus mutans serotypes by electron microscopy. | extracellular microcapsules have been demonstrated on cells of most serotypes of streptococcus mutans by electron microscopy, using bacterial strains of the various serotypes and peroxidase labeled or unlabeled immune serum. a correlation was noted between the amount of capsular substance on the strains of s mutans examined and degree of antigenicity as expressed by the indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) title. a serotype d strain was shown to lose both antigenicity as determined by the fa react ... | 1977 | 65370 |
| antigens of streptococcus mutans: isolation of a serotype-specific and a cross-reactive antigen from walls of strain v-100 (serotype e). | two cell wall-associated polysaccharide antigens were extracted from purified cell walls of streptococcus mutans serotype e strain v-100. one of these purified antigens (i) is specific for serotype e, whereas the other (ii) has antigenic determinants reactive with both heterologous anti-serotype c serum (gs-5) and the homologous (e) serum. when crude formamide extracts of v-100 cell walls were loaded onto a cellex-d column and eluted with a linear gradient of ammonium carbonate (0.02 to 0.40 m), ... | 1978 | 75187 |
| passive immunisation with serum and immunoglobulins against dental caries in rhesus monkeys. | active immunisation with streptococcus mutans induced protection against dental caries in rhesus monkeys, and this was associated with serum antibodies. passive transfer of immune serum with igg, igm, and iga antibodies to strep. mutans failed to induce protection against dental caries. however, when separated igg, igm, and iga sera were given, igg induced significant protection but iga or igm antibodies to strep. mutans did not. iga and igm may compete or interfere with the protective effect of ... | 1978 | 76229 |
| genital occurrence of oral microbiota. | recent studies indicate that tonsillar gonococcal infection or colonization is fairly common. carriage rates of about 8% have been found. these studies also indicate that oro-genital contacts are common. since very little is known about the amount of oral microbiota transmitted to the genitals, we have studied the occurrence of oral streptococci and neisseria species in urethra and cervix. among 128 patients attending an std-clinic we found 10 carriers of oral streptococci, one streptococcus mit ... | 1978 | 82332 |
| streptococci and the human oral flora. | | 1978 | 83002 |
| some immunohistochemical experiments aiming at the electron-microscopic in situ identification of a dental plaque microorganism--streptococcus mutans. | the aim of the present investigation was to test a procedure useful for the electron-microscopic in situ identification of the presumptive cariogenic microorganism streptococcus mutans (serotype d) growing in the human dental plaque. for this purpose, different parameters of an indirect immunohistochemical method were tested in three sets of experiments. in experiment set i, all serological and histochemical procedures were performed en bloc on specimens fixed only with glutaraldehyde before emb ... | 1978 | 84515 |
| antigenic variation in population of oral streptococci. | | 1978 | 84523 |
| [location of streptococcus mutans in the dentinal tubules of the open infected root canals (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 85656 |
| [the antibacterial action on dental plaque of antibiotics used in dentistry. 2. in vitro experiments on streptococcus mutans, staphylococcus aureus and fusobacterium nucleatum (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 88239 |
| chemical, immunochemical, and structural studies of the cross-reactive antigens of streptococcus mutans aht and b13. | two antigenic polysaccharides were extracted from cell walls of the cross-reactive strains streptococcus mutans aht (a) and s. mutans b13 (d). the antigens extracted from walls by the hot formamide method, were purified by affinity chromatography on columns containing the galactose-specific lectin from the castor bean and were found to be diheteroglycans consisting of galactose and glucose. antigenic specificities of both the serotype-specific and the cross-reactive sites on each polymer were st ... | 1979 | 88415 |
| soluble antigen extracts used as blocking agents to obtain specificity in serotyping of streptococcus mutans. | specific immunofluorescent (if) conjugates were prepared for streptococcus mutans serotypes d and g. serotype specificity was obtained by blocking the cross-reacting antibodies with soluble antigen extracted from cells of the cross-reacting strains. soluble antigen extracts are particularly useful in obtaining specificity with quantities of conjugates that are too small to be efficiently subjected to adsorption procedures. they also can be used advantageously to block traces of cross-reactivity ... | 1979 | 89169 |
| interactions between human serum proteins and oral streptococci reveal occurrence of receptors for aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. | a total of 31 strains of oral streptococci representing streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitior, streptococcus salivarius, and streptococcus milleri were tested for possible binding of human immunoglobulins g, g1, g2, g3, g4, a1, a2, m1, and m2 and haptoglobin, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. radiolabeled beta 2-microglobulin in aggregated form showed affinity for 20 of the 31 strains tested. binding activity for the protein was found in str ... | 1979 | 90015 |
| examination of parotid saliva for antibodies reacting with streptococcus mutans, lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | human parotid saliva was investigated for the presence of iga antibodies reacting with streptococcus mutans, lipotechoic acid (lta) and peptidoglycan. by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elisa, it was shown that the salivas of 12 subjects contained antibodies reacting with s. mutans serotype c and d and with lta. six salivas were tested against peptidoglycan but these tests indicated only low levels of antibodies. absorption of saliva with whole cells of s. mutans inhibited the homolo ... | 1979 | 90446 |
| generation of specfic t-cell suppressor function induced by streptococcus mutans in monkeys and mice. | specific suppressor cells in mice and monkeys can be induced with high doses of streptococcus mutans antigen. when these cells are further cultured with a low dose of s. mutans antigen in vitro, they secrete specific suppressor factors which decrease the cooperative responses to this antigen. in view of the sensitivity of these cells to anti-thy 1 and complement, and as they are not retained on nylon-wool, these suppressor cells are t cells. the suppressor factor exerts its effect on t helper ce ... | 1979 | 93576 |
| regulation and function of sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase in streptococcus mutans. | sucrose catabolism by streptococcus mutans is initiated by a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase reaction that produces sucrose 6-phosphate the latter is then cleaved by a sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase reaction that yields glucose 6-phosphate and fructose. we have examined the regulation of the sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase and found that it was synthesized constitutively whereas sucrose phosphotransferase activity was inducible. however, the levels of both sucrose phosphotr ... | 1979 | 94907 |
| activity of three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives against in vitro dental plaque. | three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, assessed using an in vitro preformed dental plaque model system, were differentially inhibitory for four plaque-forming microorganisms. | 1978 | 98105 |
| immunization with dextransucrases, levansucrases, and glycosidic hydrolases from oral streptococci. ii. immunization with glucosyltransferases, fructosyltransferases, and glycosidic hydrolases from oral streptococci in monkeys. | the feasibility of immunizing monkeys with enzymes from oral streptococci in an attempt to reduce dental caries was investigated. forty rhesus monkeys, macaca mulatta, were used. cariogenic streptococci, s mutans, were implanted into all the monkeys' mouths. there was no pathological effect resulting from immunization. of the 40 animals, 30 retained the implanted flora throughout the experiment; the remaining 10 were reimplanted until the streptococci remained. in six months, gross carious lesio ... | 1977 | 98540 |
| demonstration of serotype d and g specificities of streptococcus mutans by immunodiffusion. | | 1978 | 101187 |