| comparative studies on the fermentative production of lantibiotics by staphylococci. | the production of the lanthionine-containing polypeptide antibiotics gallidermin from staphylococcus gallinarum tu 3928 and pep 5 from s. epidermidis 5 is investigated with respect to regulation and stimulation of productivity by media components, optimization of both the media used and the fermentation process and is compared to the production of the lantibiotic epidermin from s. epidermidis tu 3298. efficient methods for rapid quantification of lantibiotics, optimization of the media and a pri ... | 1990 | 1366437 |
| physiological and biochemical characteristics of staphylococci isolated from the rumen of young calves and lambs. | six strains of rumen ureolytic staphylococci were isolated from young calves and lambs. three isolates were allotted to the species staphylococcus xylosus. staphylococcus saprophyticus and staphylococcus gallinarum. the taxonomy of remaining three isolates was uncertain. total numbers of staphylococci varied between 10(4) and 10(6) per 1 ml of the rumen fluid. rumen staphylococci utilized a wide range of substrates and produced a bacteriocin-like substance. no strain hydrolysed gelatin. all stra ... | 1992 | 1441774 |
| susceptibility of staphylococcus species and subspecies to fleroxacin. | twenty-four staphylococcus species or subspecies were examined for their susceptibilities to the fluoroquinolone fleroxacin (ro 23-6240) by disk diffusion (5-micrograms disk) and by agar dilution for the determination of mics. resistant strains were further tested for their susceptibilities to oxacillin and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin. reference strains of the novobiocin-resistant species (staphylococcus saprophyticus, staphylococcus cohnii, staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus arlettae, ... | 1991 | 1759838 |
| susceptibility of staphylococcus species and subspecies to teicoplanin. | twenty-four staphylococcus species and their subspecies were examined for their susceptibilities to teicoplanin by disk diffusion (30-micrograms disk) and agar dilution for the determination of mics. moderately susceptible and resistant clinical strains were further tested for their susceptibilities to oxacillin and vancomycin. teicoplanin resistance was not observed in the reference strains of the various staphylococcus species isolated from healthy volunteers or animals. however, the novobioci ... | 1991 | 1835340 |
| gallidermin: a new lanthionine-containing polypeptide antibiotic. | gallidermin is a new member of the class of lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics, which are summarized under the common name lantibiotics. the lantibiotic gallidermin is produced by staphylococcus gallinarum (f16/p57) tü3928, and it exhibits activities against the propionibacteria, involved in acne disease. gallidermin differs from the recently discovered tetracyclic 21-residue peptide antibiotic epidermin only in a leu/ile exchange in position 6. the isolation procedures for gallidermin i ... | 1988 | 3181159 |
| comparative characteristics of staphylococcus sciuri, staphylococcus lentus and staphylococcus gallinarum isolated from healthy and sick hosts. | of 136 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from healthy and sick human beings, goats, sheep, antelope and other animals, 88 (64.7%) were staphylococcus sciuri and 35 (25.7%) were s. lentus and the remainder staphylococcus gallinarum. the strains of s. sciuri were isolated from humans with boils and wounds, goats with pestes des petits ruminants (ppr) and dogs with nasal discharge. one isolate of s. gallinarum came from a fowl with chronic respiratory disease and 11 others were i ... | 1986 | 3705446 |
| a rapid method to quantify bacterial contamination on hatching eggs. 1. correlation of optical density with initial bacterial count. | the use of optical-density (od) readings after a 6-h incubation period, as a suitable method to quantify the bacterial contamination on hatching eggs, was established by the use of pure cultures of five bacterial isolates found to be the most prevalent on the hatching eggs examined. these isolates were identified as micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus gallinarum, streptococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas cepacei and bacillus cereus. it was established that the od reading was repeatable when the same ... | 1994 | 7501365 |
| identification of psychrotrophic micrococcaceae spp. isolated from fresh beef stored under carbon dioxide or vacuum. | seventy-four gram-positive, catalase-positive coccal strains were isolated from fresh beef stored under carbon dioxide (< 500 ppm o2) or vacuum for up to 15 weeks at 0, 2 or 4 degrees c. isolates were identified using biochemical tests listed in several published protocols and the api staph-ident system. no isolates were identified as staphylococcus aureus. twenty-nine isolates were identified as staphylococcus saprophyticus (five distinct groups), 24 isolates were identified as staphylococcus g ... | 1994 | 7848779 |
| characterization of the most frequently encountered staphylococcus sp. in cats. | ninety three staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens from cats were characterized and identified. because the biochemical characteristics of staphylococcus felis were very similar to those of staphylococcus simulans, results were submitted to numerical analysis and dna homology. forty-two isolates (45%) were identified as s. felis, and 4 isolates (4%) as s. simulans. the other species identified, in order of their frequency were, 12 staphylococcus aureus (13%), 9 staphylococcus intermediu ... | 1994 | 8042273 |
| isolation and characterization of genetically engineered gallidermin and epidermin analogs. | gallidermin (gdm) and epidermin (epi) are highly homologous tetracyclic polypeptide antibiotics that are ribosomally synthesized by a staphylococcus gallinarum strain and a staphylococcus epidermidis strain, respectively. these antibiotics are secreted into media and are distinguished by the presence of the unusual amino acids lanthionine, 3-methyllanthionine, didehydrobutyrine, and s-(2-aminovinyl)-d-cysteine, which are formed by posttranslational modification. to study the substrate specificit ... | 1995 | 8526502 |
| characteristics of enterococci and staphylococci isolated from the crop and caecum of japanese quails exposed to microgravity conditions. | ten selected strains of enterococci and staphylococci were isolated from the crop and caecum of japanese quails exposed to microgravity conditions. isolates were allotted to the species enterococcus gallinarum, ent. avium, ent. faecium, staphylococcus gallinarum and staph. aureus. isolated strains were facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, gram-positive cocci, occurring in pairs, short chains or irregular clusters. isolates utilized most of the soluble sugars tested and produced bacteriocin-like ... | 1995 | 8659081 |
| the biosynthesis of the lantibiotics epidermin, gallidermin, pep5 and epilancin k7. | lantibiotics are antibiotic peptides that contain the rare thioether amino acids lanthionine and/or methyllanthionine. epidermin, pep5 and epilancin k7 are produced by staphylococcus epidermidis whereas gallidermin (6l-epidermin) was isolated from the closely related species staphylococcus gallinarum. the biosynthesis of all four lantibiotics proceeds from structural genes which code for prepeptides that are enzymatically modified to give the mature peptides. the genes involved in biosynthesis, ... | 1996 | 8775972 |
| the effect of salinomycin and lasalocid on laboratory cultures of enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus gallinarum strains. | the growth of enterococcus faecium strains ccm 4231 and ef 26, and staphylococcus gallinarum sg 31 was inhibited by salinomycin and lasalocid at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/l. staphylococcus gallinarum was more sensitive to the additives used than were enterococci. maximum inhibition (90%) was measured after the growth with the sg 31 strain in the presence of both ionophores. growth of organisms was more inhibited by salinomycin at 25 mg/l (67.5%) than at 50 mg/l (63%). the inhibitory effect ... | 1995 | 8919932 |
| unusual recovery of animal staphylococci from septic wounds of hospital patients in ile-ife, nigeria. | two staphylococcus species--staphylococcus gallinarum and staphylococcus sciuri--previously known to be of animal origin have been isolated from infected wounds of hospital patients in ile-ife, nigeria. these organisms were non-typable at both rtd and 100 x rtd and did not produce beta-lactamase detectable by the normal methods. their actual involvement in the infection is not immediately clear, but their resistance to most common antibiotics, in addition to the production of dnase and phosphata ... | 1997 | 9081309 |
| identification of staphylococcus species by 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer pcr analysis. | to investigate whether 16s-23s rdna (rdna) spacer region length polymorphisms are suitable for the identification of staphylococcus strains, the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region lengths of 221 strains belonging to 31 species were studied by using a pcr-based method. each species presented a specific 16s-23s pattern made of 1-8 fragments ranging from 104-771 bp, with the exception of the species staphylococcus warnei, staphylococcus caprae and staphylococcus piscifermentans, which presented ... | 1998 | 9734063 |
| rapid identification of staphylococcus epidermidis. | during the collection of airborne bacteria in a museum in england some bacterial strains were isolated which due to their fatty acid profiles were clearly identified as members of the genus staphylococcus. as fatty acid compositions of coagulase-negative staphylococci are very similar, differing only in quantities but not in qualities, further identification at the species level without a fatty acid database was not achieved. investigation of the isolates using the staph id 32 api system resulte ... | 2000 | 10843049 |
| time series analysis of aerobic bacterial flora during miso fermentation. | this article reports a microbiological study of aerobic mesophilic bacteria that are present during the fermentation process of miso. | 2003 | 12859661 |
| staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the himalayan region. | four coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant cocci, designated cw1(t), pm34, mm3 and rw78, were isolated from the respiratory tract of goats kept in the himalayan region. the four isolates were assigned to a single species on the basis of almost identical biochemical and physiological traits, protein profiles obtained after sds-page and identical genomic fingerprints generated after enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr. strain cw1(t) showed highest 16s rdna sequence simila ... | 2003 | 14657137 |
| circumventing the effect of product toxicity: development of a novel two-stage production process for the lantibiotic gallidermin. | lantibiotics such as gallidermin are lanthionine-containing polypeptide antibiotics produced by gram-positive bacteria that might become relevant for the treatment of various infectious diseases. so far, self-toxicity has prevented the isolation of efficient overproducing strains, thus hampering their thorough investigation and preventing their exploitation in fields other than the food area. we wanted to investigate the effect of lantibiotic precursor peptides on the producing strains in order ... | 2007 | 17194841 |
| occurrence of staphylococci in the oral cavities of healthy adults and nasal oral trafficking of the bacteria. | to investigate a possible peroral route of infective endocarditis (ie), the occurrence of staphylococci in the oral cavity was examined using saliva and supragingival plaque specimens from 56 systemically and periodontally healthy adults aged 22-43 years old (27.1+/-5.3). nine staphylococcus species and 334 isolates were identified. in saliva, the total occurrence rate was 83.9 % and the total number of bacteria was 10(2)-10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1). staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent species ( ... | 2008 | 18065673 |
| [relapsing infection of cranial prosthesis sustained by enterobacter cloacae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus]. | we describe the case of a young man who suffered from relapsing infections of a cranial prosthesis implanted in 1982 after a serious accident. the presence of a bacterial infection was diagnosed by microbiological assays performed on purulent drainage from the surgical wound, removed prosthetic material and bone biopsies obtained intraoperatively. the first prosthesis infection was sustained by two nosocomial pathogens, enterobacter cloacae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa); ... | 2008 | 18367884 |
| case report: staphylococcus gallinarum bacteremia in a patient with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | an unusual staphylococcal isolate was recovered from blood cultures in a patient with chronic hepatitis b virus infection, who presented with low grade fever accompanied by increased upper abdominal pain, nausea and weakness. the isolate was identified as staphylococcus gallinarum based on biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analyses. | 2008 | 18988936 |
| traumatic endophthalmitis caused by staphylococcus gallinarum. | herein, we describe what we believe to be the first case of traumatic endophthalmitis caused by staphylococcus gallinarum, following injury with an iron nail. the patient was successfully treated by vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of cefazolin and vancomycin. | 2010 | 19910485 |
| analysis of bacterial and fungal communities in japanese- and chinese-fermented soybean pastes using nested pcr-dgge. | the microbial diversity of japanese- and chinese-fermented soybean pastes was investigated using nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). five japanese-fermented soybean paste samples and three chinese-fermented soybean paste samples were analyzed for bacteria and fungi. extracted dna was used as a template for pcr to amplify 16s rrna and 18s rrna genes. the nearly complete 16s rrna and 18s rrna genes were amplified using universal primers, and the resulting products were subse ... | 2010 | 19924476 |
| development of a high cell-density protocol for the production of pregallidermin, a non-toxic precursor of the lantibiotic gallidermin. | gallidermin, produced by staphylococcus gallinarum tü 3928, is a type-a lantibiotic with potential for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections from gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant s. aureus. in order to eliminate product inhibition as a reason for so far very modest product titers in s. gallinarum cultivations, we recently developed a novel two-stage production strategy based on the production of a non-toxic gallidermin precursor - pregallidermin - by an engineered ... | 2010 | 19932136 |
| development of a fermentation process based on a defined medium for the production of pregallidermin, a nontoxic precursor of the lantibiotic gallidermin. | in this work, a defined medium was developed and optimized for the mutant strain staphylococcus gallinarum deltap, which produces pregallidermin (pgdm), a nontoxic precursor of the lantibiotic gallidermin (gdm). the availability of a defined medium is a prerequisite for a rational process development and the investigation of medium effects on final product concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity. we identified four vitamins and three metal ions as essential for growth and pgdm producti ... | 2010 | 20213184 |
| a highly efficient staphylococcus carnosus mutant selection system based on suicidal bacteriocin activation. | strains from various staphylococcal species produce bacteriocin peptides, which are thought to play important roles in bacterial competition and offer interesting biotechnological avenues. many bacteriocins are secreted as inactive pre-peptides with subsequent activation by specific proteolytic cleavage. by deletion of the protease gene gdmp in staphylococcus gallinarum tü3928, which produces of the highly active lanthionine-containing bacteriocin gallidermin (lantibiotic), a strain was created ... | 2011 | 22179253 |
| endosymbiotic bacteria associated with the mealy bug, rhizoecus amorphophalli (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the mealy bug, rhizoecus amorphophalli, is a menace to the aroid farmers due to the intensive infestation on stored tubers. spraying of pesticides was able to control this pest but it always left a chance for fungal growth. bacterial endosymbionts associated with the insects provide several benefits to their host. since such endosymbionts play a vital role even in the physiology of their host, revealing the types of bacteria associated with mealy bug will give basic information, which may throw ... | 2014 | 27355014 |
| monitoring of the microbial communities involved in the soy sauce manufacturing process by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | soy sauce is a traditional seasoning produced through the fermentation of soybeans and wheat using microbes. in this study, the microbial communities involved in the soy sauce manufacturing process were analyzed by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). the bacterial dgge profile indicated that the bacterial microbes in the koji were weissella cibaria (weissella confusa, weissella kimchii, weissella salipiscis, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus iner ... | 2012 | 22475947 |
| formation of guaiacol by spoilage bacteria from vanillic acid, a product of rice koji cultivation, in japanese sake brewing. | the formation of guaiacol, a potent phenolic off-odor compound in the japanese sake brewing process, was investigated. eight rice koji samples were analyzed, and one contained guaiacol and 4-vinylguaiacol (4-vg) at extraordinarily high levels: 374 and 2433 μg/kg dry mass koji, respectively. all samples contained ferulic and vanillic acids at concentrations of mg/kg dry mass koji. guaiacol forming microorganisms were isolated from four rice koji samples. they were identified as bacillus subtilis, ... | 2016 | 27181257 |
| analysis of bacterial diversity during the fermentation of inyu, a high-temperature fermented soy sauce, using nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and the plate count method. | the diversity of bacteria associated with the fermentation of inyu, also known as black soy sauce, was studied through the nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of samples collected from the fermentation stages of the inyu production process. the dgge profiles targeted the bacterial 16s rdna and revealed the presence of citrobacter farmeri, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter hormaechei, enterococcus faecium, klebsiella pneumoniae, pantoea agglomerans, salmonella enterica, ser ... | 2013 | 23200659 |
| facile synthesis of tetrahydroprotoberberine and protoberberine alkaloids from protopines and study on their antibacterial activities. | a series of isoquinoline alkaloids including tetrahydroprotoberberines, n-methyl tetrahydroprotoberberines and protoberberines were facile synthesised with protopines as the starting material. all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against four pathogenic bacteria escherichia coli, staphyloccocus aureus, staphylococcus gallinarum and salmonella choleraesuis. experimental results indicated that protoberberines were the most active compounds to the target bacteria among th ... | 2014 | 24422860 |
| biodiversity and phylogenetic analysis of culturable bacteria indigenous to khewra salt mine of pakistan and their industrial importance. | culturable bacterial biodiversity and industrial importance of the isolates indigenous to khewra salt mine, pakistan was assessed. pcr amplification of 16s rdna of isolates was carried out by using universal primers fd1 and rp1and products were sequenced commercially. these gene sequences were compared with other gene sequences in the genbank databases to find the closely related sequences. the alignment of these sequences with sequences available from genbank database was carried out to constru ... | 2008 | 24031194 |
| characterization of the microbial community in different types of daqu samples as revealed by 16s rrna and 26s rrna gene clone libraries. | daqu is a fermentative saccharification agent that is used to initiate fermentation in the production of chinese liquor and vinegar. different types of daqu can be distinguished based on the maximum fermentation temperature, location of production, and raw materials used. we aimed to characterize and distinguish the different types of daqu using a culture-independent cloning method. the lowest microbial diversity was found in daqu produced at high-temperature. principal component analysis (pca) ... | 2015 | 25395233 |
| a common bacterial metabolite elicits prion-based bypass of glucose repression. | robust preference for fermentative glucose metabolism has motivated domestication of the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. this program can be circumvented by a protein-based genetic element, the [gar(+)] prion, permitting simultaneous metabolism of glucose and other carbon sources. diverse bacteria can elicit yeast cells to acquire [gar(+)], although the molecular details of this interaction remain unknown. here we identify the common bacterial metabolite lactic acid as a strong [gar(+)] ... | 2016 | 27906649 |
| an acid tale of prion formation. | some bacteria use lactic acid to communicate with yeast cells. | 2016 | 27897124 |
| antimicrobial resistance determinants in staphylococcus spp. recovered from birds of prey in portugal. | antibiotic resistance among wild animals represent an emerging public health concern. the objective of this study was to analyze the staphylococcal nasal microbiota in birds of prey and their content in antimicrobial resistance determinants. nasal samples from 16 birds of prey were collected, swabs were dipped and incubated into bhi broth [6.5% nacl] and later seeded on manitol salt agar and oxacillin-resistance screening agar base media. staphylococcal colonies were isolated from both media and ... | 2014 | 24679961 |
| epidermin and gallidermin: staphylococcal lantibiotics. | the staphylococcus epidermidis derived epidermin was the first lantibiotic that has been shown to be ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified. together with gallidermin, produced by staphylococcus gallinarum, they belong to the large class of cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) that act against a broad spectrum of gram-positive bacteria. here we describe the genetic organization, biosynthesis and modification, excretion, extracellular activation of the modified pre-peptide by ... | 2014 | 24119540 |
| draft genome sequence of staphylococcus gallinarum dsm 20610t, originally isolated from the skin of a chicken. | staphylococcus gallinarum dsm 20610(t) is a rare pathogen in humans. the increasing relevance of human health prompted us to determine the genomic sequence of s. gallinarum. the complete genome sequence of s. gallinarum includes a genome of 3,171,720 bp (33.02% g+c content) without any plasmids. | 2015 | 26044428 |
| isolation of rare coagulase-negative isolates in immunocompromised patients: staphylococcus gallinarum, staphylococcus pettenkoferi and staphylococcus pasteuri. | herein, we describe the isolation of staphylococcus pasteuri, staphylococcus pettenkoferi and staphylococcus gallinarum and summarize the clinical characteristics of five patients. cases were identified over a 2-year surveillance period that identified the respective strains using microbiologic and molecular methods. these data suggest that rare coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections may be under-diagnosed due to difficulties associated with routine clinical laboratory diagnostic methods. | 2012 | 22585615 |
| distribution of non-aureus staphylococci species in udder quarters with low and high somatic cell count, and clinical mastitis. | the effect of non-aureus staphylococci (nas) in bovine mammary health is controversial. overall, nas intramammary infections (imi) increase somatic cell count (scc), with an effect categorized as mild, mostly causing subclinical or mild to moderate clinical mastitis. however, based on recent studies, specific nas may affect the udder more severely. some of these apparent discrepancies could be attributed to the large number of species that compose the nas group. the objectives of this study were ... | 2017 | 28456402 |
| prevalence of non-aureus staphylococci species causing intramammary infections in canadian dairy herds. | non-aureus staphylococci (nas), the microorganisms most frequently isolated from bovine milk worldwide, are a heterogeneous group of numerous species. to establish their importance as a group, the distribution of individual species needs to be determined. in the present study, nas intramammary infection (imi) was defined as a milk sample containing ≥1,000 cfu/ml in pure or mixed culture that was obtained from a cohort of cows assembled by the canadian bovine mastitis research network. overall, 6 ... | 2017 | 28527793 |