| identification of clumping-factor-negative staphylococci isolated from cows' udders. | identification to species level was attempted on a collection of 954 cultures of catalase-positive, clumping-factor- and beta-haemolysin-negative gram-positive cocci isolated from teats and milk of cows. eighty-seven per cent of the strains were identified as staphylococcus xylosus, s epidermidis, s sciuri, s haemolyticus, s hyicus subsp hyicus and chromogenes, s simulans and s cohnii. nine per cent of the collection belonged to another group which could not be identified with any of the known s ... | 1979 | 542718 |
| [serological analysis of coagulase-negative staphylococci: study of characteristic agglutinogens in type strains of the nine species individualized by schleifer and kloos (author's transl)]. | the occurrence of characteristic agglutinogens has been searched for in the type strains of the following species: staphylococcus xylosus, s. cohnii, s. epidermidis, s. capitis, s. saprophyticus, s. warneri, s. haemolyticus, s. hominis and s. simulans. serotyping of these nine strains and study of their antisera have been carried out with formalin-treated and autoclaved bacteria. it has been shown that the characteristic agglutinogens of s. epidermidis and s. haemolyticus were respectively ident ... | 1977 | 610502 |
| characterization and identification of coagulase-negative, heat-stable deoxyribonuclease-positive staphylococci. | various characteristics of 13 coagulase-negative, weakly heat-stable deoxyribonuclease-positive staphylococci from human, veterinary and food sources were determined in an effort to identify them. nine of the isolates were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus (2), staphylococcus xylosus (2), staphylococcus simulans (3), staphylococcus capitis (1) and staphylococcus sciuri subsp. lentus (1); the other four isolates, from food and veterinary sources, could not be identified as cu ... | 1978 | 641525 |
| preliminary studies on the characterization and distribution of staphylococcus and micrococcus species on animal skin. | a total of 221 strains of staphylococci and 98 strains of micrococci isolated from the skins of eastern gray squirrels, southern flying squirrels, raccoons, opossums, squirrel monkeys, swine, sheep, horses, cattle, and dogs were characterized in a preliminary attempt to resolve their natural relationships and distribution in nature. staphylococci demonstrating the widest host range included staphylococcus xylosus and unnamed staphylococcus sp. 3. unnamed staphylococcus sp. 2 was isolated only fr ... | 1976 | 942208 |
| cloning and sequencing of a plasmid-mediated erythromycin resistance determinant from staphylococcus xylosus. | a 2.3-kb dna fragment cloned from plasmid pch200, the largest (52 kb) of four plasmids detected in staphylococcus xylosus, was found to confer resistance to 14-membered ring macrolides in bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus. dna-sequence analysis of the fragment revealed the presence of an open-reading frame, the deduced product of which was identical to one of the two atp-binding domains encoded by the macrolide/streptogramin-b-resistance gene msra of staphylococcus epidermidis. the obs ... | 1992 | 1426997 |
| physiological and biochemical characteristics of staphylococci isolated from the rumen of young calves and lambs. | six strains of rumen ureolytic staphylococci were isolated from young calves and lambs. three isolates were allotted to the species staphylococcus xylosus. staphylococcus saprophyticus and staphylococcus gallinarum. the taxonomy of remaining three isolates was uncertain. total numbers of staphylococci varied between 10(4) and 10(6) per 1 ml of the rumen fluid. rumen staphylococci utilized a wide range of substrates and produced a bacteriocin-like substance. no strain hydrolysed gelatin. all stra ... | 1992 | 1441774 |
| expression and regulation of the antimonite, arsenite, and arsenate resistance operon of staphylococcus xylosus plasmid psx267. | the arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite resistance region of the staphylococcus xylosus plasmid psx267 was subcloned in staphylococcus carnosus. the sequenced dna region revealed three consecutive open reading frames, named arsr, arsb, and arsc. expression studies in escherichia coli with the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase-promoter system yielded three polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 8,000, 35,000, and 15,000, which very likely correspond to arsr, arsb, and arsc, respectively. ar ... | 1992 | 1534327 |
| regulation and expression of the arsenic resistance operon from staphylococcus aureus plasmid pi258. | the arsenic resistance operon from staphylococcus aureus plasmid pi258 was cloned and sequenced. the dna sequence contains three genes in the order arsr, arsb, and arsc. the predicted amino acid sequences of the gene products are homologous with those of the products of the ars operons of plasmids psx267 from staphylococcus xylosus and r773 from escherichia coli. the cloned staphylococcal ars operon confers resistances to arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite in s. aureus and bacillus subtilis. the ... | 1992 | 1534328 |
| the influence of temperature on the behaviour of mixed bacterial contamination of the shell membrane of the hen's egg. | the inner membrane of the air cell of hens' eggs was inoculated with pseudomonas putida, staphylococcus xylosus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. the first mentioned eventually dominated the contamination of the albumen of eggs stored at 4, 15, and 20 degrees c. the last mentioned did so in eggs stored at 37 degrees c. the interval between inoculation of the membrane and gross contamination of the albumen was markedly influenced by site of contamination relativ ... | 1992 | 1547832 |
| regulation of staphylococcus xylosus xylose utilization genes at the molecular level. | we have investigated the regulation of the operon encoding xylose utilization in staphylococcus xylosus c2a and staphylococcus carnosus tm300. for in vivo studies, transcriptional fusions of the xylab regulatory region to the lipase gene from staphylococcus hyicus were constructed. repression of lipase activity depended on a functional xylr gene and an xyl operator palindrome downstream of the promoter, while induction was obtained in the presence of xylose. inactivation of either xylr or the xy ... | 1992 | 1569030 |
| [acute endocarditis due to staphylococcus xylosus]. | | 1992 | 1589625 |
| expression of recombinant proteins on the surface of the coagulase-negative bacterium staphylococcus xylosus. | an expression system to allow targeting of heterologous proteins to the cell surface of staphylococcus xylosus, a coagulase-negative gram-positive bacterium, is described. the expression of recombinant gene fragments, fused between gene fragments encoding the signal peptide and the cell surface-binding regions of staphylococcal protein a, targets the resulting fusion proteins to the outer bacterial cell surface via the membrane-anchoring region and the highly charged cell wall-spanning region of ... | 1992 | 1624418 |
| organization, promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of the staphylococcus xylosus xylose utilization operon. | the staphylococcus xylosus xyl genes were cloned in staphylococcus carnosus by complementation to xylose utilization. xylose isomerase assays under inducing (xylose present) and non-inducing (xylose absent) conditions indicated the presence of a regulated xyla gene on the recombinant plasmid. the nucleotide sequence (4520 bases) revealed three open reading frames with the same polarity. they were identified by sequence homologies as xylr, encoding the xyl repressor, xyla, encoding xylose isomera ... | 1991 | 1714034 |
| susceptibility of staphylococcus species and subspecies to fleroxacin. | twenty-four staphylococcus species or subspecies were examined for their susceptibilities to the fluoroquinolone fleroxacin (ro 23-6240) by disk diffusion (5-micrograms disk) and by agar dilution for the determination of mics. resistant strains were further tested for their susceptibilities to oxacillin and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin. reference strains of the novobiocin-resistant species (staphylococcus saprophyticus, staphylococcus cohnii, staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus arlettae, ... | 1991 | 1759838 |
| susceptibility of staphylococcus species and subspecies to teicoplanin. | twenty-four staphylococcus species and their subspecies were examined for their susceptibilities to teicoplanin by disk diffusion (30-micrograms disk) and agar dilution for the determination of mics. moderately susceptible and resistant clinical strains were further tested for their susceptibilities to oxacillin and vancomycin. teicoplanin resistance was not observed in the reference strains of the various staphylococcus species isolated from healthy volunteers or animals. however, the novobioci ... | 1991 | 1835340 |
| cloning and expression of various staphylococcal genes encoding urease in staphylococcus carnosus. | the urease genes from staphylococcus xylosus c2a, staphylococcus aureus u500, and s. aureus newman were cloned in staphylococcus carnosus using the plasmid vectors pca43 and pca44. the resulting respective recombinant plasmids pura 402, purauh66, and pura17 contained chromosomal dna fragments with sizes of 5.6, 5.8, and 6.8 kb, respectively. investigations on urease expression of the donor and recombinant strains in media with various nitrogen sources revealed that s. xylosus c2a produced urease ... | 1991 | 1884984 |
| molecular cloning, structure, promoters and regulatory elements for transcription of the bacillus licheniformis encoded regulon for xylose utilization. | in this article we describe the cloning of the xyl regulon encoding xylose utilization from bacillus licheniformis by complementation of a xyl mutant of b. subtilis. the xylose isomerase encoding gene, xyla, was sequenced and identified by its extensive homology to other xylose isomerases. the expression of xyla is regulated on the level of transcription by a repressor protein encoded by xylr. its gene has the opposite orientation of xyla and the start codons are 181 bp apart. a deletion of xylr ... | 1991 | 1953294 |
| evaluation of the staph-zym system with staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections. | a total of 148 staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections were used to evaluate the staph-zym system (rosco, taastrup, denmark). the overall accuracy of the system was 91.9%. the system correctly identified all strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus simulans, and staphylococcus xylosus and 95% of staphylococcus intermedius strains. of 33 staphylococcus hyicus strains, 31 (93.9%) were classified correctly by the staph-zym system, as well as 8 (80%) of 10 staphylococcus c ... | 1991 | 1993769 |
| effects of a 1.94% sulfonic acid teat dip and a 1% iodophor teat dip on teat canal infections in lactating dairy cows. | sixty-three cows were used in a natural exposure trial for 1 yr to determine the effects of a 1.94% linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid and a 1% iodophor teat dip on teat canal and intramammary infections. overall, total teat canal infections increased 28.9% and total intramammary infections increased 30% in quarters dipped with the linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid compared with a 14.3% increase in teat canal infections and a 17.4% decrease in intramammary infections for the iodophor group. ... | 1991 | 2071709 |
| a survey of staphylococci isolated from the laboratory gerbil. | a microbiological survey of the mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculatus, revealed coagulase-negative staphylococci to be common inhabitants of representative animals derived from three different breeding colonies. the nasal area was most often culture positive, and staphylococcus xylosus was a predominant species. s. xylosus was the only organism cultured from nasal dermatitis. these organisms were found to be susceptible in vitro to the majority of the antimicrobial agents tested. this survey i ... | 1990 | 2162991 |
| characterization of staphylococcus species by ribosomal rna gene restriction patterns. | the rrna gene restriction pattern sof 110 strains belonging to 12 staphylococcal species have been determined. the strains, isolated from various sources, were epidemiologically unrelated. total dna was cleaved with restriction enzymes hindiii and ecori, electrophoretically separated and probed with radiolabelled 16s rdna from bacillus subtilis inserted in a plasmid vector, pbr322. fourty-four distinct hindiii patterns and 44 distinct ecori patterns were observed. strains belonging to different ... | 1989 | 2480992 |
| modelling the growth response of staphylococcus xylosus to changes in temperature and glycerol concentration/water activity. | the growth response of staphylococcus xylosus strain cm21/3 to changes in temperature and water activity (glycerol concentration) was similar to that observed when water activity was adjusted by added nacl. at each water activity level the effect of temperature on bacterial growth rate was described well by the square root model. tmin (the notional minimum temperature for growth) was found to be constant and was similar to the value obtained for the same organism grown in media containing nacl. ... | 1989 | 2753846 |
| effect of milk on fibronectin and collagen type i binding to staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis. | tryptic soy broth (tsb)-grown cells of staphylococcus aureus isolated from acute and chronic bovine mastitis bound mainly 125i-fibronectin (fn) [corrected], whereas strains of nine species of coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a predominant interaction with 125i-collagen (cn) [corrected] type i. a particle agglutination assay (paa) was used to examine the interaction of coagulase-negative staphylococci with 125i-fn and 125i-cn immobilized on latex. all 368 coagulase-negative staphylococci d ... | 1989 | 2775349 |
| isolation and identification of coagulase-negative staphylococcus species from bovine body sites and streak canals of nulliparous heifers. | heifers (n = 103) ranging in age from 1d to 2 yr were sampled to determine the coagulase-negative staphylococcal flora of haircoat, nares, vagina, teat skin, and streak canal. a total of 2706 staphylococal strains were identified from 3612 bacterial isolates. other genera or groups identified included bacillus, micrococcus, corynebacterium, and coliforms. staphylococci were identified utilizing a simplified biochemical scheme. staphylococcus xylosus, s. chromogenes, and s. warneri were the predo ... | 1989 | 2778172 |
| characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci that help differentiate these species and other members of the family micrococcaceae. | one hundred reference strains and 1,240 clinical isolates representing 26 species of the family micrococcaceae were used to evaluate the potential of tests for synergistic hemolysis, adherence to glass, pyroglutamyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis, and susceptibility to a set of five antimicrobial agents for differentiating these species and strains within the species. sixty-eight percent of the clinical isolates exhibited synergistic hemolysis; 69% of the clinical staphylococci but none of the mi ... | 1988 | 2846632 |
| recombinant protein a of non-staphylococcal origin is not mitogenic for human peripheral lymphocytes. mitogenicity of natural protein a is caused by a contaminant. | recombinant protein a(spa) produced in escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis bacteria did not induce activation of human peripheral mononuclear cells, whereas spa preparations obtained from naturally occurring staphylococcus aureus bacteria as well as recombinant spa from staphylococcus xylosus were potent mitogens. further purification of spa from s. aureus showed that the mitogenic material was concentrated in the side fractions containing more basic molecules. some staphylococcal enterotoxins ... | 1989 | 2922571 |
| model for combined effect of temperature and salt concentration/water activity on the growth rate of staphylococcus xylosus. | the combined effect of temperature and nacl concentration/water activity on the growth rate of a strain of halotolerant staphylococcus is described by the square-root models which had been used previously to model temperature dependence only. the model square root r = b(t-t min) is shown to be a special case of the bĕlehrádek temperature function which is given by r = a(t-alpha)d. the constant alpha is the socalled 'biological zero' and equivalent to t min in the square-root models. this and the ... | 1987 | 3624108 |
| mannose inhibition as a significant marker for differentiating among novobiocin-resistant staphylococci of relevance in clinical microbiology. | a specific method for the identification of staphylococcus saprophyticus among novobiocin-resistant species isolated from man is described. the test is based on novobiocin resistance, non-fermentation of d-mannose and early inhibition with late secondary growth on glucose/mannose + novobiocin agar plates. on this medium novobiocin-resistant staphylococcus cohnii showed a confluent, continuous and homogeneous growth after 24 h which remained unchanged at 48 h whether or not it fermented d-mannose ... | 1987 | 3668496 |
| expression of the gene encoding protein a in staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. | two shuttle vectors containing the gene for protein a (spa) from staphylococcus aureus have been constructed to study expression of the gene in various strains of s. aureus and in the coagulase-negative species staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus capitis, and staphylococcus xylosus. one plasmid, pspa15, contains the complete structural gene for protein a, which binds to the cell wall in various staphylococcus species. the other plasmid, pspa16, codes for a truncated protein a lacking the ... | 1984 | 6086584 |
| construction of staphylococcus plasmid vector pca43 conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, arsenate, arsenite and antimony. | the arsenate (asa), arsenite (asi) and antimony (iii) (amo) resistance region of the staphylococcus xylosus 29.5-kb plasmid psx267 has been recloned in s. carnosus using the chloramphenicol resistance (cmr) plasmid pc194. in several deletion steps we constructed a 5.9-kb plasmid, pca43, which confers resistance to cm, asa, asi and amo salts. pca43 possesses unique sites for the restriction endonucleases pvuii, stui, bamhi, avaii, hindiii, psti, xbai and bcli. insertional inactivation was achieve ... | 1984 | 6098534 |
| biotypes of staphylococcus epidermidis and micrococcus organisms, isolated from intramammary infections, reclassified into species of the genus staphylococcus (epidermidis, hyicus, xylosus, and sciuri). | in a previous report (5), strains of staphylococcus epidermidis and micrococcus isolated from bovine intramammary infections were classified by the baird-parker (b-p) system and by serologic typing of the proteolytic enzymes. since then, newer methods for distinguishing the genera staphylococcus and micrococcus and for defining new species have been reported. by utilizing these methods, the organisms from the original study were reclassified as follows: s. epidermidis b-p subgroup ii, proteinase ... | 1983 | 6340953 |
| structure and biosynthesis of teichoic acids in the cell walls of staphylococcus xylosus dsm 20266. | the simultaneous occurrence of a n-acetylglucosaminyl poly(ribitolphosphate) (beta-glcnac) and a n-acetylglucosaminyl poly(glycerolphosphate) (alpha-glcnac) in the cell walls of staphylococcus xylosus dsm 20266 was demonstrated by different experimental lines: (1) fractionation of extracted cell wall teichoic acid on deae-cellulose, (2) investigation of the composition of cell walls in the growth cycle, (3) in vitro biosynthesis using crude membranes as the source of enzyme. the polymerization o ... | 1984 | 6477033 |
| dna homology between the arsenate resistance plasmid psx267 from staphylococcus xylosus and the penicillinase plasmid pi258 from staphylococcus aureus. | a 29.5-kb plasmid, psx267, from staphylococcus xylosus dsm 20267 was found to code for arsenate, arsenite, and antimony (iii) resistance. the isolated plasmid was transformed into s. aureus, where the same resistances were expressed. it was of special interest to see whether psx267 showed any dna sequence homology with the well-studied penicillinase plasmid from s. aureus pi258, also conferring arsenate, arsenite, and antimony iii resistance. by the use of the southern blotting technique, it was ... | 1983 | 6602348 |
| endocarditis caused by staphylococcus xylosus associated with intravenous drug abuse. | | 1984 | 6726013 |
| [evaluation of bactericidal activity of antiseptics on the cutaneous flora of holoxenic hairless mouse]. | holoxenic hairless mice were used in an experimental model to study the in vivo bactericidal activity of several antiseptics. in these experiments skin was sampled by biopsy; after contact between antiseptic and skin, bactericidal activity was neutralized. the results obtained with several products (polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine, alcoholic iodine, ethanol, chlorhexidin, benzalkonium chloride, mercurothiolic acid, trichlorocarbanilid and hexachlorophen) were quite similar to those obtained on human ... | 1983 | 6847033 |
| production of inhibitors of lytic activity in the micrococcaceae. | eight staphylococcus xylosus strains lacking lytic activity (la) were found to excrete agar-diffusible factors inhibiting the la of la-positive strains of the same species. the same eight strains, when tested against la-positive indicator strains from other species of micrococcaceae, caused marked la inhibition only of strains of s, saprophyticus and s. cohnii, both species closely related to s. xylosus. micrococci and planococci, unlike staphylococci, do not normally show la, yet micrococcus ly ... | 1982 | 7077292 |
| acute pyelonephritis caused by staphylococcus xylosus. | staphylococcus xylosus was recovered from the urine of a patient with pyelonephritis. antibodies against the teichoic acid of the microorganism were demonstrated in the patient's serum by the agar gel diffusion technique. | 1982 | 7130375 |
| protective effect in the lactating bovine mammary gland induced by coagulase-negative staphylococci against experimental staphylococcus aureus infections. | the susceptibility of quarters preinfected either experimentally with staphylococcus epidermidis or staphylococcus xylosus or naturally by other coagulase-negative staphylococci was measured after challenge with two different strains of staphylococcus aureus. the proportion of infected control quarters (95%) was raised significantly higher than that of those preinfected by the coagulase-negative staphylococci (24.5%). differences were observed in the frequency of superinfection of the quarters a ... | 1980 | 7337390 |
| occurrence, purification and properties of the staphylococcal beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. | beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.30.)-an enzyme involved in degradation of polymer store material-was found in staphylococci. the enzyme was isolated from staphylococcus xylosus nctc d100694 cells, purified and characterized. the native enzyme is a tetramer and consists of equal subunits. its relative molecular mass is m(r) = 140 kda and pi = 4.7. the enzyme activity is stimulated by mg+2 and ca+2 ions. staphylococcal beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is relatively stable and active ... | 1994 | 7526614 |
| catabolite repression in bacillus subtilis: a global regulatory mechanism for the gram-positive bacteria? | three components involved in catabolite repression (cr) of gene expression in bacillus have been identified. the cis-acting catabolite responsive element (cre), which is present in many genes encoding carbon catabolic enzymes in various species of the gram-positive bacteria, mediates cr of several genes in bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, and staphylococcus xylosus. cr of most genes regulated via cre is also affected by the trans-acting factors ccpa and hpr. similarities between ccpa and ... | 1995 | 7540244 |
| hydrophobicity engineering to facilitate surface display of heterologous gene products on staphylococcus xylosus. | protein engineering has been employed to investigate the effect of specific amino acid changes on the targeting of heterologous proteins to the outer cell surface of the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus xylosus. three different variants, corresponding to a 101 amino acid region of the major glycoprotein (g protein) of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were generated in which multiple hydrophobic phenylalanine residues were either substituted or deleted. the different g protein fragm ... | 1995 | 7576540 |
| glucose kinase-dependent catabolite repression in staphylococcus xylosus. | by transposon tn917 mutagenesis, 16 mutants of staphylococcus xylosus were isolated that showed higher levels of beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of glucose than the wild-type strain. the transposons were found to reside in three adjacent locations in the genome of s. xylosus. the nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal fragment affected by the tn917 insertions yielded an open reading frame encoding a protein with a size of 328 amino acids with a high level of similarity to glucose kin ... | 1995 | 7592379 |
| cell-surface display of heterologous epitopes on staphylococcus xylosus as a potential delivery system for oral vaccination. | a system has been developed for the surface expression of heterologous receptors on the cell surface of staphylococcus xylosus. gene fragments encoding peptides to be displayed on the cell surface can be assembled by applying a polymerization strategy based on the class-iis restriction enzyme bspmi and thereafter subcloned into an escherichia coli-staphylococci shuttle vector designed for targeting of produced fusion proteins to the outer cell surface of the gram-positive host cell. a heterologo ... | 1993 | 7685306 |
| effect of three commercial starters on growth of staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxins (a-d) and thermonuclease production in broth. | the growth of four enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus strains was partially inhibited by three commercial starters used in the meat sausage industry when grown in apt broth at 30 degrees c statically. starter sp318 (a mixture of selected strains of lactobacillus sake, pediococcus pentosaceus and staphylococcus xylosus) showed the most inhibitory activity. staphylococcal enterotoxins (a, b, c1 and d) synthesis was totally inhibited by the growth of the three starters, whereas staphylococcal th ... | 1994 | 7703025 |
| characterization of staphylococcus spp. and micrococcus spp. isolated from iberian ham throughout the ripening process. | the iberian dry cured ham is an uncooked meat product highly appreciated because of its characteristic flavour. this product is obtained from highly marbled iberian pig hindlegs after 18-24 months of maturation under natural environmental conditions. the role of micrococcaceae in the development of the aroma characteristics of this products remains unclear. identification of gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci isolated from mannitol salt agar plates showed that staphylococcus xylosus followed ... | 1994 | 7703026 |
| characterization of a genetic locus essential for maltose-maltotriose utilization in staphylococcus xylosus. | a genetic locus from staphylococcus xylosus involved in maltose-maltotriose utilization has been characterized. the chromosomal region was identified by screening a genomic library of s. xylosus in escherichia coli for sucrose hydrolase activity. nucleotide sequence analysis yielded two open reading frames (malr and mala) encoding proteins of 37.7 and 62.5 kda, respectively. malr was found to be homologous to the laci-galr family of transcriptional regulators, and mala showed high similarity to ... | 1995 | 7730272 |
| antistaphylococcal activity of cefdinir, a new oral third-generation cephalosporin, alone and in combination with other antibiotics, at supra- and sub-mic levels. | cefdinir is one of the few oral third generation cephalosporins that shows useful activity against nosocomial gram-positive pathogens. for this reason the anti-staphylococcal potency of the new drug, alone or in combination with other drugs was further characterized. against penicillin-resistant, oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus isolates, cefdinir demonstrated useful in-vitro activity. mic90 values (in mg/l) were 0.25 for staphylococcus aureus (30 strains), 0.06 for staphylococcus epidermidi ... | 1995 | 7768782 |
| emerging chloramphenicol resistance in staphylococcus lentus from mink following chloramphenicol treatment: characterisation of the resistance genes. | a total of 26 staphylococcal strains isolated from mink with urinary tract infections as well as from the environment of the mink were examined for antibiotic resistance and prevalence of plasmids mediating resistance to the antibiotics applied for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. chloramphenicol resistance (cmr) which occurred in fourteen of the eighteen staphylococcus lentus strains, but in none of the staphylococcus intermedius and staphylococcus xylosus strains, was shown to be mediated ... | 1994 | 7801525 |
| staphylococcus xylosus isolated from a pancreatic pseudocyst in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1994 | 7888567 |
| transcription of the xyl operon is controlled in bacillus subtilis by tandem overlapping operators spaced by four base-pairs. | the expression of xylose utilization in bacillus subtilis is regulated at the level of transcription by xylose dependent xyl repressor-xyl operator interaction. we have structurally and functionally characterized the binding sites of xyl repressor in the xyl regulatory region. methylation and hydroxyl radical protection and ethylation interference of binding suggests tandem overlapping xyl operators spaced by four base-pairs. a mutational inactivation of each and both operators was performed. dn ... | 1994 | 7966270 |
| long-term cyclosporin a nephrotoxicity in the rat. evaluation of a morphological scoring system and of co-treatment with isradipine. | cyclosporin a (cya) nephrotoxicity was examined in spraque-dawley rats given cya (12.5 (n = 45) or 25 (n = 45) mg/kg/day perorally for 16 weeks. control rats (n = 45) received cya vehicle. all rats were given either isradipine (isra) 1 or 5 mg/kg/day orally, or isradipine vehicle. fifteen rats died from interstitial pneumonia caused by staphylococcus xylosus. a predefined morphological cya nephrotoxicity scoring system, based on semiquantitative scores for basophilic tubules and for interstitial ... | 1994 | 8024736 |
| isolation and identification of cheese-smear bacteria inhibitory to listeria spp. | a newly developed hydrophobic grid membrane method was used to rapidly screen 105 traditional french cheeses for surface smear microorganisms inhibitory to listeria monocytogenes strain v7. approximately 125,000 colonies comprising a wide variety of bacteria were examined of which less than 0.1% produced visible zones of inhibition. isolates possessing antilisterial activity consisted of various strains of enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus warneri and coryneform bacte ... | 1994 | 8024975 |
| characterization of the most frequently encountered staphylococcus sp. in cats. | ninety three staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens from cats were characterized and identified. because the biochemical characteristics of staphylococcus felis were very similar to those of staphylococcus simulans, results were submitted to numerical analysis and dna homology. forty-two isolates (45%) were identified as s. felis, and 4 isolates (4%) as s. simulans. the other species identified, in order of their frequency were, 12 staphylococcus aureus (13%), 9 staphylococcus intermediu ... | 1994 | 8042273 |
| threonine is present instead of cysteine at the active site of urease from staphylococcus xylosus. | dna sequence analysis of the structural urease genes from staphylococcus xylosus revealed that three enzyme subunits are encoded in the order of 11,000, 15,400 and 61,000 (mol. mass), which correspond to the single polypeptide chain of jack bean urease (90,800). comparing the deduced amino acid sequence of s. xylosus urease with the amino acid sequence of jack bean urease an overall portion of 56% identical residues was found. for s. xylosus urease a subunit structure of (alpha beta gamma)4 was ... | 1994 | 8042900 |
| urease from staphylococcus saprophyticus: purification, characterization and comparison to staphylococcus xylosus urease. | urease from staphylococcus saprophyticus was purified more than 800-fold by liquid chromatography reaching homogeneity, as shown by isoelectric focussing, at a maximum specific activity of 1979 u/mg. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 420,000; it consisted of subunits with molecular weights of 72,400 (alpha), 20,400 (beta), 13,900 (gamma) in an estimated (alpha beta gamma)4 stoichiometry. in native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis urease exhibited a multiple activity band p ... | 1994 | 8042901 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of ruminal coagulase-negative staphylococci. | the species staphylococcus sciuri subsp. sciuri, staphylococcus sciuri subsp. lentus, staphylococcus saprophyticus and staphylococcus xylosus of novobiocin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) isolated from rumen content or wall of lambs and calves were determined. all bacteria were tested for lactic acid production, urease, adherence activities and antimicrobial susceptibility or resistance. the majority of strains presented belonged to bacteria with low affinity for epithelial cell ... | 1994 | 8065269 |
| binding of arsr, the repressor of the staphylococcus xylosus (psx267) arsenic resistance operon to a sequence with dyad symmetry within the ars promoter. | arsr, the first gene of the staphylococcus xylosus (psx267) arsenic/antimonite resistance (ars) operon encodes a negative regulatory protein, arsr, which mediates inducibility of the resistances by arsenic and antimony compounds. arsr, which has no obvious dna-binding motif in its primary structure, was purified from an arsr-overproducing escherichia coli strain and identified as a dna-binding protein by its behaviour in gel mobility shift assays. arsr had a specific affinity for a 312 bp dna re ... | 1994 | 8121414 |
| the transcriptional activator hlyu of vibrio cholerae: nucleotide sequence and role in virulence gene expression. | hlyu upregulates expression of the haemolysin, hlya, of vibrio cholerae. dna sequence analysis indicates that hlyu is an 11.9 kda protein containing a putative helix-turn-helix motif and belonging to a family of small regulatory proteins, including noir (rhizobium meliloti), smtb (synechococcus pcc 7942) and arsr (plasmids r773, escherichia coli; pi258, staphylococcus aureus; and psx267, staphylococcus xylosus). an hlyu mutant was constructed by insertional inactivation, and found to be deficien ... | 1993 | 8231807 |
| cloning and characterization of the scra gene encoding the sucrose-specific enzyme ii of the phosphotransferase system from staphylococcus xylosus. | by insertional mutagenesis with the staphylococcal transposon tn551, mutants of staphylococcus xylosus were isolated that were unable to utilize sucrose. one of these was found to be deficient in sucrose uptake. the genomic region containing this sucrose uptake gene of staphylococcus xylosus (scra) was cloned in staphylococcus carnosus. the scra gene was further localized to a 4.4 kb dna fragment by complementation of the sucrose transport-deficient s. xylosus mutant. the dna sequence analysis o ... | 1993 | 8232209 |
| characterization of a sucrase gene from staphylococcus xylosus. | the staphylococcus xylosus gene scrb, encoding a sucrase, has been isolated from a genomic library of s. xylosus constructed in escherichia coli. the gene was detected by its ability to confer utilization of the glucose and fructose residues of raffinose in an e. coli strain that is not able to metabolize galactose. it was found to reside within a 1.8-kb dna fragment, the nucleotide sequence of which was determined. one large open reading frame, which is preceded by a ribosome binding site, is e ... | 1993 | 8423155 |
| epizootic fatal dermatitis in athymic nude mice due to staphylococcus xylosus. | | 1993 | 8459675 |
| distribution of genes encoding erythromycin ribosomal methylases and an erythromycin efflux pump in epidemiologically distinct groups of staphylococci. | erythromycin-resistant staphylococci can be divided into two phenotypic classes based on their pattern of cross-resistance to other macrolides, lincosamides and type b streptogramins. strains inducibly or constitutively resistant to all mls antibiotics possess erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) genes, whereas strains inducibly resistant to only 14 and 15-membered ring macrolides and type b streptogramins harbour msra, which encodes an atp-dependent efflux pump. dot-blot hybridization was use ... | 1993 | 8463168 |
| using fusions with luxab from vibrio harveyi mav to quantify induction and catabolite repression of the xyl operon in staphylococcus carnosus tm300. | the luxa,b genes from the gram-negative marine bacterium vibrio harveyi mav were used in staphylococcus carnosus tm300 as a reporter system for regulated expression of xylose utilization. the luciferase genes were fused to the xyl operon from staphylococcus xylosus c2a. expression of bioluminescence was induced through addition of xylose and repressed in the presence of glucose. a method to quantitate bioluminescence directly from the culture is described. | 1993 | 8472912 |
| transcriptional regulation of the sucrase gene of staphylococcus xylosus by the repressor scrr. | in staphylococcus xylosus, scrb is one of two genes necessary for sucrose utilization. it encodes a sucrase that hydrolyzes intracellular sucrose-6-phosphate generated by the uptake of sucrose via the sucrose-specific enzyme ii of the phosphotransferase system, the gene product of scra. scrb sucrase activity is inducible by the presence of sucrose in the culture medium. primer extension experiments demonstrated that the observed regulation is achieved at the level of scrb transcription initiatio ... | 1996 | 8550467 |
| surface display of a functional single-chain fv antibody on staphylococci. | two different host-vector expression systems designed for cell surface display of chimeric receptors on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus have been evaluated for surface display of a mouse immunoglobulin g1(kappa) [igg1(kappa)] anti-human ige single-chain fv (scfv) antibody fragment. to achieve surface anchoring of the chimeric receptors containing the scfv, the cell surface attachment regions from staphylococcus aureus protein a were used in both expression systems. the differe ... | 1996 | 8631711 |
| surface display on staphylococci: a comparative study. | two different host-vector expression systems, designed for cell surface display of heterologous receptors on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus, respectively, were compared for the surface display of four variants of a 101 amino acid region derived from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). surface localization of the different chimeric receptors was evaluated by a colorimetric assay and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. it was concluded that the s. ... | 1996 | 8706888 |
| effects of freezing on the viability of nine pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis. | milk samples from 45 quarters containing mastitis pathogens were collected from lactating cows to determine the viability of those pathogens after freezing. an initial bacteria count was conducted, and samples were divided into 2-ml portions and frozen. weekly bacteria counts were conducted for 6 wk. viability after freezing was determined on five isolates of nine bacterial species: staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus hyicus, staphylococcus chromogenes, staphylococcus xylosus, streptococcus ag ... | 1996 | 8708092 |
| gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci from dry cured iberian ham and their enterotoxigenic potential. | iberian ham is an uncooked, cured meat product ripened under natural uncontrolled conditions for 18 to 24 months. gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci are the main microbial population in iberian ham for most of the ripening time. since some of these organisms are able to produce enterotoxins, adequate characterization and toxicological study are needed. for this, 1,327 gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci, isolated from iberian hams at different stages and locations, were characterized by p ... | 1996 | 8787389 |
| identification of micrococcaceae isolated from goat's milk and cheese in the poitou-charentes region. | one hundred and ninety strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from goat's milk, whey and cheese at various stages of manufacture. sixteen different coagulase negative staphylococci (cns) species were recovered, 3 of which were predominant: staphylococcus simulans, staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus xylosus. the prevalent species were recovered at least at two different stages of cheese manufacturing, suggesting a better adaptation to the environment. after 15 days o ... | 1996 | 8854188 |
| catabolite repression mediated by the catabolite control protein ccpa in staphylococcus xylosus. | the gene ccpa encoding the catabolite control protein ccpa of staphylococcus xylosus has been cloned and characterized. the ccpa protein belongs to the lacl/gair family of bacterial regulators and is comprised of 329 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 36.3 kda. it shows 56% identity with the ccpa proteins of bacillus subtills and bacillus megaterium. inactivation of the ccpa gene in the genome of s. xylosus relieved the activities of three enzymes, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and b ... | 1996 | 8878037 |
| changes in microbial populations on fresh cut spinach. | the microbial populations found on fresh-cut spinach leaves that were stored in gas permeable bags at 10 degrees c for 12 days were examined and identified. the microorganisms consisted of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, pseudomonadaceae, enterobacteriaceae, micrococcaceae, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. populations of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, pseudomonadaceae and enterobacteriaceae increased sharply during the storage period. the initial populations were 10(7), 10(6), ... | 1996 | 8880301 |
| identification and ribotyping of staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus equorum strains isolated from goat milk and cheese. | twenty-five strains of staphylococci isolated from goat milk and cheese were identified as belonging to the staphylococcus xylosus/equorum group using the id 32 staph system (biomérieux, marcy-l'etoile, france). this system, however, was not able to discriminate between these two species for 19 of the strains tested. ribotyping was performed on these 25 strains, as well as on three reference strains of each of these two species. hybridization membranes were scanned and analyzed using the taxotro ... | 1996 | 8880319 |
| the combined effects of environmental conditions on lipolysis of pork fat by lipases of the meat starter culture organisms staphylococcus xylosus and debaryomyces hansenii. | the effects of environmental conditions on lipolysis by cell-free extracts from the meat starter culture organisms staphylococcus xylosus and debaryomyces hansenii were studied using pork fat emulsions as model systems. for the individual effects of temperature and ph it was found that the optimal conditions for the lipolysis by s. xylosus lipase were 37 degrees c and ph 7.0, and 37 degrees c and ph 6.5 for the lipolysis by d. hansenii lipase. for the combined effects of conditions relevant to m ... | 1996 | 8880328 |
| sequence and analysis of the replication region of the staphylococcus xylosus plasmid psx267. | the region of the 29.5-kb plasmid psx267 from staphylococcus xylosus dsm 20267 that is required for autonomous replication in staphylococci was isolated on a 1.8-kb dna fragment. the sequence analysis of the fragment yielded two open reading frames, repa and orf2, encoding proteins of 37.2 and 13.2 kda, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequence of repa showed similarity to the replication initiator protein of plasmid pad1 from enterococcus faecalis, to two proteins of unknown function encode ... | 1996 | 8982076 |
| inducible production and cellular location of the epidermin biosynthetic enzyme epib using an improved staphylococcal expression system. | the antimicrobial peptide epidermin is distinguished by thioether amino acids such as meso-lanthionine, 3-methyl-lanthionine, and 2-aminovinylcysteine. the enzyme epib, encoded on a plasmid of the producing strain staphylococcus epidermidis tü3298, is very likely involved in the formation of these unusual amino acids. in order to obtain high-level production of epib, an improved staphylococcal expression vector based on the xylose-inducible xyla promoter of staphylococcus xylosus was constructed ... | 1996 | 8998998 |
| the activity of a combination of penicillin and novobiocin against bovine mastitis pathogens: development of a disk diffusion test. | the combination of penicillin and novobiocin is currently available for the treatment of bovine mastitis, but methods are not available for susceptibility testing of the combination by veterinary diagnostic laboratories. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and disk diffusion data were determined for penicillin, novobiocin, and a combination of the two in a 1:2 ratio for 225 staphylococcal, streptococcal, and gram-negative isolates from bovine intramammary infections. based on the drug con ... | 1997 | 9058285 |
| identification of the serine acetyltransferase gene of staphylococcus xylosus. | a transposon tn917-induced mutant strain of staphylococcus xylosus was isolated that required exogenous cysteine for growth. the transposon was found to reside within a gene, designated cyse, encoding a protein of 216 amino acids with a high level of similarity to bacterial serine acetyltransferases. the cyse::tn917 mutant completely lost serine acetyltransferase activity, which is easily detectable in the wild-type strain. in addition, the mutant strain could no longer grow in minimal medium wi ... | 1997 | 9084146 |
| staphylococcus aureus in dairy products in the bologna area. | a study was carried out to evaluate the extent of contamination by staphylococcus spp. and in particular by staphylococcus aureus in dairy products on sale in the bologna area. staphylococcus aureus was found in 16.30% of the 135 cheese samples examined: 8.3% in soft cheese, 17.60% in blue cheese, 18.9% in semi-soft cheese and 25.0% in mozzarella-type cheese. the mean concentration was 2699 cfu/g in the 22 positive samples. the most commonly found species were staphylococcus epidermidis (14.8%), ... | 1997 | 9105936 |
| gene replacement in staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus. | a system for high-efficiency gene replacement in staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus has been developed, that is based on temperature-sensitive escherichia coli-staphylococcus shuttle vectors for fragment delivery and erythromycin resistance cassettes to facilitate selection of genomic copies of disrupted genes. the approach was tested by constructing a phosphotransferase-deficient mutant of s. carnosus and an s. xylosus mutant strain unable to utilize sucrose. allelic replacement ... | 1997 | 9198277 |
| surface display of the cholera toxin b subunit on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus. | the heterologous surface expression of the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) from vibro cholerae in two staphylococcal species, staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus, has been investigated. the gene encoding native ctb (103 amino acids) was introduced into gene constructs encoding chimeric receptors designed to be translocated and anchored on the outer cell surface of the staphylococci. since functionality of ctb is correlated with its ability to form pentamers and the capacity of the p ... | 1997 | 9212399 |
| method for the rapid quantitative detection of lipolytic activity among food fermenting microorganisms. | a standard method for the detection of free fatty acids (ffas) in milk was modified and applied to the measurement of the lipolytic activity of microorganisms in a model system containing either homogenised pork or beef fat tissue. the increase in ffas was measured colorimetrically using palmitic acid as a standard. among the strains tested, two strains of staphylococcus xylosus and one strain of staphylococcus carnosus were found to display lipolytic activity. for all strains, a higher increase ... | 1997 | 9310861 |
| flow cytometric quantification of surface-displayed recombinant receptors on staphylococci. | surface display of recombinant proteins on bacteria and phages has become an important tool in bioscience. to evaluate the various host systems, a great need exists for quantitative methods to determine the densities of displayed proteins and peptides on the bacteria and phage surfaces. here we describe how a method previously applied for quantification of surface proteins on mammalian cells has been adapted for quantification of chimeric receptors surface-displayed on bacteria; in this study, t ... | 1997 | 9343695 |
| identification of staphylococcal and streptococcal causes of bovine mastitis using 16s-23s rrna spacer regions. | bovine mastitis is caused mainly by certain staphylococcus and streptococcus species. the sequences of the 16s-23s rrna spacer regions were determined for the nine species which cause mastitis: staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus chromogenes, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus hyicus, staphylococcus simulans, staphylococcus xylosus, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae and streptococcus uberis. significant variation was found between the spacer sequences of different sp ... | 1997 | 9387227 |
| amino acid decarboxylase capability of microorganisms isolated in spanish fermented meat products. | enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (lab) and gram-positive cocci were isolated from spanish meat products. the most frequent species in the meat products studied were identified as lactobacillus sake, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus curvatus from de man-rogosa-sharpe agar; staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus saprophyticus and micrococcus varians from mannitol salt phenol-red agar; and hafnia alvei, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, enterobacter amnigenes and enterobacter ... | 1998 | 9553801 |
| regulation of lactose utilization genes in staphylococcus xylosus. | the lactose utilization genes of staphylococcus xylosus have been isolated and characterized. the system is comprised of two structural genes, lacp and lach, encoding the lactose permease and the beta-galactosidase proteins, respectively, and a regulatory gene, lacr, coding for an activator of the arac/xyls family. the lactose utilization genes are divergently arranged, the lacph genes being opposite to lacr. the lacph genes are cotranscribed from one promoter in front of lacp, whereas lacr is t ... | 1998 | 9573174 |
| cytidine catabolism in staphylococci. | products of cytidine catabolism by resting cells of staphylococcus intermedius, staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and staphylococcus saprophyticus were chromatographically separated. under the assay conditions utilized, cytidine was ultimately converted to uracil by the common route in which cytidine was first deaminated to uridine, as well as ammonia, and uridine was cleaved to yield uracil. | 1997 | 9670551 |
| formation of amino acid (l-leucine, l-phenylalanine) derived volatile flavour compounds by moraxella phenylpyruvica and staphylococcus xylosus in cured meat model systems. | a bacterial strain isolated from danish immersion curing brine, moraxella phenylpyruvica 0100, and a commercial meat starter culture, staphylococcus xylosus dd34, were tested for their ability to form characteristic volatile compounds in minimal medium with the added amino acid l-leucine or l-phenylalanine under different environmental conditions (ph 5.5 and 6.0; 0 and 210 ppm nitrate; pre-incubation with and without agitation) and compared with respect to their ability to form volatile compound ... | 1998 | 9706803 |
| physiological and molecular techniques for the study of bacterial community development in sausage fermentation. | the development of the microbial community involved in the production process of italian dry sausage was investigated using physiological analysis and molecular techniques for strain typing and taxonomical identification. a cycle of sausage production was followed collecting samples during the 2 months of ripening process. microbiological analysis allowed the identification of the main bacterial groups responsible for the fermentation process as lactobacilli and coagulase-negative staphylococci. ... | 1998 | 9717289 |
| staphylococcus succinus sp. nov., isolated from dominican amber. | two bacterial isolates, designated amg-d1t and amg-d2, were recovered from 25-35-million-year-old dominican amber. amg-d1t and amg-d2 biochemically most closely resemble staphylococcus xylosus; they differ physiologically from other staphylococci. fatty acid analysis and comparisons with extensive databases were unable to show relatedness to any specific taxon. moreover, amg-d1t and amg-d2 contain tuberculostearic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid, characteristic of the g + c-rich coryneform bac ... | 1998 | 9731292 |
| antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from food. | coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from different raw milk cheeses and raw meat products and screened for their antibiotic resistances. they were identified as staphylococcus xylosus, s. lentus, s. caprae, s. epidemidis and s. haemolyticus. the most frequent resistances found were those to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin and lincomycin. they have been characterized on the molecular level. the chloramphenicol resistance genes were localized in several s. xylosus and s. cap ... | 1998 | 9741115 |
| evaluation of proteolytic activity of micro-organisms isolated from dry cured ham. | in order to determine the possible contribution of micro-organisms to the ripening of meat products, 48 cocci, 18 moulds and 20 yeasts isolated from dry-cured iberian ham were evaluated for proteolytic activity. two specific methods were used: the ability to hydrolyse myosin in broth and, for those strains showing high activities, hydrolysis on both myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins on pork slices. moulds and cocci showed the highest proteolytic activity for myosin in broth. both myofibrill ... | 1998 | 9830127 |
| inactivation of the dlt operon in staphylococcus aureus confers sensitivity to defensins, protegrins, and other antimicrobial peptides. | positively charged antimicrobial peptides with membrane-damaging activity are produced by animals and humans as components of their innate immunity against bacterial infections and also by many bacteria to inhibit competing microorganisms. staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus xylosus, which tolerate high concentrations of several antimicrobial peptides, were mutagenized to identify genes responsible for this insensitivity. several mutants with increased sensitivity were obtained, which exhib ... | 1999 | 10085071 |
| the choline-converting pathway in staphylococcus xylosus c2a: genetic and physiological characterization. | a staphylococcus xylosus c2a gene cluster, which encodes enzymes in the pathway for choline uptake and dehydrogenation (cud), to form the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, was identified. the cud locus comprises four genes, three of which encode proteins with significant similarities to those known to be involved in choline transport and conversion in other organisms. the physiological role of the gene products was confirmed by analysis of cud deletion mutants. the fourth gene possibly codes for a ... | 1999 | 10094709 |
| the essential staphylococcus aureus gene fmhb is involved in the first step of peptidoglycan pentaglycine interpeptide formation. | the factor catalyzing the first step in the synthesis of the characteristic pentaglycine interpeptide in staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan was found to be encoded by the essential gene fmhb. we have analyzed murein composition and structure synthesized when fmhb expression is reduced. the endogenous fmhb promoter was substituted with the xylose regulon from staphylococcus xylosus, which allowed glucose-controlled repression of fmhb transcription. repression of fmhb reduced growth and triggered ... | 1999 | 10430946 |
| identification of a gene in staphylococcus xylosus encoding a novel glucose uptake protein. | by transposon tn917 mutagenesis, two mutants of staphylococcus xylosus were isolated that showed higher levels of beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of glucose than the wild type. both transposons integrated in a gene, designated glcu, encoding a protein involved in glucose uptake in s. xylosus, which is followed by a glucose dehydrogenase gene (gdh). glucose-mediated repression of beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-glucuronidase activities was partially relieved in the mut ... | 1999 | 10438764 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of erthromycin-resistant avian staphylococcus spp. isolated from chickens. | the epidemiology of the two common erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) genes ermc and erma was analyzed in 12 coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp. and 34 coagulase-positive staphylococcus spp. isolated from chicken. southern hybridization indicated that only 2 of the 12 coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp. strains contained the ermc gene on the plasmid; 1 strain of staphylococcus xylosus harbored the ermc gene on a 2.5-kb plasmid, and 1 strain of staphylococcus cohnii harbored the gene on ... | 1999 | 10472846 |
| recombinant staphylococcus strains as live vectors for the induction of neutralizing anti-diphtheria toxin antisera. | we have investigated whether the nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus xylosus and s. carnosus can display a whole domain of a toxic protein on their surface and if such vectors are suitable for immunization of balb/c mice. the nucleotide sequence encoding the receptor-binding domain (dtr; amino acids 382 to 535) of diphtheria toxin (dt) was inserted into plasmids pse'mp18abpxm and psppmabpxm, which were designed to display heterologous proteins on s. xylosus and s. carnosus cell s ... | 1999 | 10496871 |
| evaluation of solid-phase microextraction for analysis of volatile metabolites produced by staphylococci. | the evaluation of solid-phase microextraction (spme) for analysis of flavor compounds produced by bacteria has been studied. first, it was necessary to determine the optimal conditions to extract the different volatile compounds in dilute aqueous solutions. for this, the effects of salt, headspace, and liquid samplings and two coating phases [poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms) and poly(acrylate) (pa)] were tested. the addition of salt enhanced spme absorption of all the compounds. ethyl ester was bet ... | 1998 | 10554224 |
| pepr1, a ccpa-like transcription regulator of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. | the pepr1 protein from lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis dsm 7290 shares extensive homology with catabolite-control proteins from various gram-positive bacteria. expression of the subcloned pepr1 gene allowed for partial complementation of a ccpa defect in staphylococcus xylosus. the influence of pepr1 on transcription of the prolidase gene pepq, which is located adjacent to pepr1, was examined by use of lacz reporter gene fusions in escherichia coli. pepr1 stimulated transcription initiat ... | 1999 | 10589722 |
| carbon catabolite repression in lactobacillus pentosus: analysis of the ccpa region. | the catabolite control protein ccpa is a central regulator in low-g+c-content gram-positive bacteria. it confers carbon catabolite repression to numerous genes required for carbon utilization. it also operates as a transcriptional activator of genes involved in diverse phenomena, such as glycolysis and ammonium fixation. we have cloned the ccpa region of lactobacillus pentosus. ccpa encodes a protein of 336 amino acids exhibiting similarity to ccpa proteins of other bacteria and to proteins of t ... | 2000 | 10618236 |