| photoinduced reduction of nad(p) in the cells of green sulfur bacteria. | the spectrum of a photoinduced increase in luminescence of the cells of the gree sulphur bacterium chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, within the range of 400 to 520 nm, was found to correspond to the spectrum of luminescence of nadh in the protein-bound form. photoinduced reduction of nad(p) in green bacteria, contrary to purple bacteria, is not susceptible to the action of p-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenlhydrazone which uncouples photophosphorylation. therefore, in chlorobium limicola f. th ... | 1975 | 2843 |
| [characteristics of filamentous phototrophic bacteria from freshwater lakes]. | filamentous phototrophic bacteria were isolated in pure cultures from fresh-water stratified lakes, and identified as chlorobacteria. the photosynthesizing apparatus of these bacteria is chlorobium-vesicules, the main pigment is bacteriochlorophyll c. the bacteria do not require reduced compounds of sulphur; they are capable of anaerobic photosynthesis on organic compounds or grow under aerobic conditions in the light or in the darkness. they are mesophilic (optimum temperature is 25 degrees c); ... | 1975 | 126349 |
| the irreversible photoreduction of a low potential component at low temperatures in a preparation of the green photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium thiosulphatophilum. | | 1977 | 192591 |
| [carbonic anhydrase activity of phototropic bacteria]. | the activity of carboanhydrase was assayed in seven species of phototrophous bacteria: three species of the rhodospirillaceae genus, three species of the chromatiaceae genus, and one species of the chlorobiaceae genus. the activity of carboanhydrase was found in five species among seven. it decreased on passing from photoautotrophous to photoheterotrophous conditions of growth, and then to dark heterotrophous conditions, which correlated with the activity of the calvin cycle in the bacteria. no ... | 1977 | 408582 |
| the light-reaction of the green photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum at cryogenic temperatures. | | 1979 | 421901 |
| biosynthesis of aryl carotenoids: inhibitor studies of chlorobactene biosynthesis in chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum. | the biosynthesis of the aryl carotenoid, chlorobactene, was examined in the green sulfur bacterium, chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum. nicotine, which was used to inhibit carotenoid cyclization, caused the accumulation of the acyclic carotenoid, lycopene. cells reincubated in fresh medium, after removal of nicotine, synthesized chlorobactene more readily from newly synthesized lycopene rather than from the pool of lycopene accumulated during nicotine inhibition. when the cells were reincu ... | 1979 | 526104 |
| [mixed cultures of heterotrophic, sulfate-reducing and sulfur phototrophic bacteria (author's transl)]. | in mixed cultures, carbon and electron sources for desulfovibrio desulfuricans are excreted by escherichia coli from glucose fermentation. desulfovibrio produces substrates for chlorobium strain. | 1976 | 791172 |
| photosynthetic pigments of green sulfur bacteria. the esterifying alcohols of bacteriochlorophylls c from chlorobium limicola. | bacteriochlorophyll c, the light-harvesting pigment from the green sulfur bacteria chlorobium limicola, has been resolved into over a dozen chemically similar components by a new high pressure reversed-phase chromatographic procedure based on a stationary phase of polyethylene power. detailed spectroscopic characterization of the resolved components has resulted in the identification of four different chlorins and six different esterifying alcohols. the major esterifying alcohol is trans, trans- ... | 1978 | 690124 |
| crystalline ferric superoxide dismutase from an anaerobic green sulfur bacterium, chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | | 1978 | 668913 |
| amino acid sequence of a ferredoxin from chlorobium thiosulfatophilum strain tassajara, a photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium. | we have determined the amino acid sequence of a ferredoxin from a photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium, chlorobium thiosulfatophilum strain tassajara. it contains 61 amino acid residues with 9 cysteines, and 8 of the 9 were located at positions corresponding to those in clostridial-type ferredoxins. other structural features were closer to those of ferredoxins from another photosynthetic bacterium, c. limicola, than to those of non-photosynthetic bacteria. compared with ferredoxin from chromati ... | 1978 | 659399 |
| [new brown chlorobacteria prosthecochloris phaeoasteroidea nov. sp]. | two strains of new photosynthetic bacteria were isolated from salt meromictic lakes mogilnoye and faro. the bacteria are abligate phototrophic anaerobic cultures which utilize h2s as an electron donor by oxidizing it to elementary sulphur and sulphates. sulphur is liberated outside the cell. the cultures contain bacteriochlorophyll e and carotenoids of the isorenierathene type. photosynthetic structures are represented by chlorobium-vesicles. according to these properties, the cultures belong to ... | 1976 | 979684 |
| effect of light intensity of vesicle formation in chlorobium. | 1. chlorobium limicola forma sp. thiosulfatophilum was cultivated at 22 and 22000 lux. 2. the content of bchl d on a protein basis in the low light intensity cultures was about twice that of the high light intensity cultures; 3. after growth at 22 lux the red bchl d peak was at c. 743 nm, while at the higher intensity this peak was at c. 732 nm; 4. electron microscopy of thin sections of chlorobium revealed that vesicle size was greater at the low light intensity than at the high. 5. this was co ... | 1978 | 646582 |
| investigations on the photosynthetic sulfur bacterium chlorobium phaeobacteroides causing seasonal blooms in lake kinneret. | between may and december, the annual stratification period in lake kinneret, sulfide is formed and accumulates in the hypolimnion. in july-august a large population (up to 10(6) cells/ml) of green, photosynthetic, sulfur bacteria develops at the boundary of the oxidative and reductive zones of the water column lasting for 3--8 weeks. these bacteria were isolated from the lake and identified as chlorobium phaeobacteroides. optimal growth conditions included 160 mg s=l-1 and light intensities of 5 ... | 1979 | 540269 |
| reduction of adenylylsulfate and 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate in phototrophic bacteria. | extracts of 14 species of phototrophic bacteria, partly grown with different sulfur compounds, were tested for their ability to form volatile sulfur compounds from adenylylsulfate (aps) and 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (paps). the rhodospirillum species showed marked activities with both aps and paps while the rhodopseudomonas species seem to prefer paps. the chromatiaceae exhibited the strongest activities with aps, whereas chlorobium limicola had equally high activity with paps. | 1977 | 408177 |
| [fine structure of chloroflexus aurantiacus var. mesophilus (nom. prof.) grown in the light under aerobic and anaerobic conditions]. | the fine structure was studied in two mesophilic strains of chloroflexus aurantiacus var. mesophilus (nom. prof.): kn-4 and br-1. trichomes are covered with a mucous fibrillar sheath which is more developed in the kn-4 strain. photosynthetic structures, "chlorobium-vesicles", are located at the periphery of the cells of both strains. the structure of the cell was is typical of gram-negative microorganisms. by their electron density and dimensions, inner cytoplasmic structures are identified as p ... | 1977 | 407429 |
| mechanisms of co2 fixation in bacterial photosynthesis studied by the carbon isotope fractionation technique. | the carbon isotope discrimination properties of a representative of each of the three types of photosynthetic bacteria chlorobium thiosulfatophilum, rhodospirillum rubrum and chromatium and of the c3-alga chlamydomonas reinhardii were determined by measuring the ratio of 13co2 to 12co2 incorporated during photoautotrophic growth. 2. chromatium and r. rubrum had isotope selection properties similar to those of c3-plants, whereas chlorobium was significantly different. 3. the results suggest that ... | 1977 | 402896 |
| preparation of subunits of flavocytochromes c derived from chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum and chromatium vinosum. | | 1979 | 227287 |
| structure of cytochrome c555 of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum: primitive low-potential cytochrome c. | cytochrome c555 is an 86-residue type c cytochrome derived from chlorobium thiosulfatophilum, an obligately anaerobic green sulfur bacterium which is among the most primitive of living organisms. here is presented a preliminary structural description of the cytochrome c555 molecule based on its crystallographic structure determination at 2.7-a resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement methods. this structure is of interest not only because of its evolutionary significance but also because t ... | 1977 | 202947 |
| structure of the covalently bound flavin of chlorobium cytochrome. | | 1977 | 196652 |
| the amino acid sequences of the cytochromes c-555 from two green sulphur bacteria of the genus chlorobium. | amino acid seauences are proposed for the cytochromes c-555 from chlorobium thiosulphatophilum and from the chlorobium limicola component of "chloropseudomonas ethylica 2k". each is a sincle polypeptide chain, the former of 86, the latter of 99 residues, and, when aligned so as to give the best match, 47 residues are common to the two sequences. the sequences show some resemblance to those of cytochromes c5 and f. the bacteriochlorophyll a-proteins were also isolated and purified, and their amin ... | 1976 | 188412 |
| ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and cholorobium thiosulfatophilum. | 1. cell-free extracts of the photosynthetic bacterium cholorobium thiosulfatophilum, strains 8327 and tassajara, were assayed for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (rudp) carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase--the two enzymes peculiar to the reductive pentose phosphate cycle. 2. rudp carboxylase was consistently absent in strain 8327. the tassajara strain showed a low rudp-dependent co2 fixation activity that was somewhat higher in cells following transatlantic air shipment than in freshly grown cells. the ... | 1976 | 183616 |
| the subunits of chlorobium flavocytochrome c. | the subunits of cytochrome c-553 (chlorobium thiosulfatophilum) were studied. the cytochrome is split into a cytochrome moiety and a flavoprotein moiety by treatment with 2% trichloroacetic acid. the molecular weights of the cytochrome and flavoprotein moieties are 11,000 and 47,000, respectively. the cytochrome moiety seems to have only one cysteine residue in the molecule, although its heme appears to be quite similar to the usual heme c. the flavoprotein moiety shows absorption peaks at 350 a ... | 1976 | 181371 |
| localization and possible role of an adenosine triphosphatase in chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | 1. evidence is presented that the atpase activity detected in cell extracts of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum is bound to the cytoplasmic membrane rather than to the chlorobium vesicles. 2. the activity of this atpase is inhibited in vitro by various carbodiimides, phloridzin and sodium azide. 3. the apparent km for atp is approximately 0.2 mm and the enzyme shows product inhibition by adp. 4. photophosphorylation, characterized in vivo, is inhibited by many of the compounds that inhibit the atpas ... | 1976 | 134890 |
| [enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in phototrophic bacteria]. | purple sulphur bacteria (chromatium minutissimum, ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii, thiocapsa roseopersicina), non-sulphur bacteria (rhodopseudomonas palustris rh. viridis), and green sulphur bacteria (chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophillum) contain all enzymes of the fructose diphosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation, and also glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. the activity of fructose diphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase incre ... | 1975 | 125844 |
| [blooming and destruction of cyanobacteria in the drainage bassin of the hydrogen sulfide spring of staraya matsesty]. | the growth of cyanobacteria belonging to the genera oscillatoria and anabaena (up to 2.1 x 10(7) filaments per 1 g of wet sample) was found in a water reservoir with a high content of sulfides (up to 9 mm) in staraya matsesta throughout the year. the spots of oscillatoria are located in the spring in more illuminated areas as compared to anabaena. in the spring, not only spots of actively growing cells were detected, but also accumulations of oscillatoria cells being destroyed (blue spots). wate ... | 1979 | 119145 |
| iron-sulfur proteins of the green photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium. | the iron-sulfur proteins of the green photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium have been characterized by oxidation-reduction potentiometry in conjunction with low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. chlorobium ferredoxin was the only iron-sulfur protein detected in the soluble fraction; no high-potential iron-sulfur protein was observed. in addition, high-potential iron-sulfur protein was not detected in the chromatophores. four chromatophore-bound iron-sulfur proteins were det ... | 1976 | 6060 |
| covalent structure of the diheme cytochrome subunit and amino-terminal sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of flavocytochrome c from chromatium vinosum. | the complete sequence of the 21-kda cytochrome subunit of the flavocytochrome c (fc) from the purple phototrophic bacterium chromatium vinosum has been determined to be as follows: eptaemltnncagchg thgnsvgpaspsiaqmdpmvfvevmegfksgeias timgriakgystadfekmagyfkqqtyqpakqsf dtaladtgaklhdkycekchveggkpladeedy hilagqwtpylqyamsdfreerrpmekkmaskl rellkaegdagldalfafyasqq. the sequence is the first example of a diheme cytochrome in a flavocytochrome complex. although the locations of the heme binding sites an ... | 1991 | 1649169 |
| some thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the primary photochemical reactants in a complex from a green photosynthetic bacterium. | we have examined the bacteriochlorophyll reaction-center complex of chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, strain tassajara. our results indicate that the midpoint potential of the primary electron donor bacteriochlorophyll of the reaction center is +250 mv at ph 6.8, while that of cytochrome c-553 is +165 mv. there are two cytochrome c-553 hemes per reaction center, and the light-induced oxidation of each is biphasic (t1/2 of less than 5 mus and approximately 50 mus). we belive that this ind ... | 1976 | 2322 |
| [isolation and characterization of pigment-protein complexes from green serobacteria chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum]. | a subchromatophore fraction containing the reaction center p-840 was isolated from the chromatophores of green serobacteria chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum by ultracentrifugation and its protein composition was characterized. after treatment of the chromatophores by triton x-100 and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis two pigment-protein complex containing bacterioviridin. the proteins of the pigment-protein complex containing bacterioviridin. the proteins of the pigment-pr ... | 1977 | 911950 |
| energy transfer in photoactive complexes obtained from green bacterium chlorobium limicola. | | 1977 | 901779 |
| reduction of sulfur by spirillum 5175 and syntrophism with chlorobium. | a small spirillum, designated 5175, was isolated from an anaerobic enrichment culture for desulfuromonas in which the major medium constituents were acetate and elemental sulfur. the organisms grew only under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions. elemental sulfur was formed anaerobically in a malate-sulfide medium, and cell densities of 10(8) cells/ml were obtained. hydrogen and formate were actively oxidized as substrates for growth under anaerobic conditions; s0, s032-, or s2o32-, but not s ... | 1977 | 848960 |
| synthesis, storage and degradation of polyglucose in chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | cultures of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum form polyglucose during growth. the polyglucose is laid down within the cells as rosette-like granules, which are made up from smaller grains. the size of each granule appears to be limited to less than 30 nm, since an increase in polyglucose content leads to more granules being formed rather than an increase in granule size. the polyglucose in washed cells is fermented in the dark to acetate, propionate, caproate and succinate, of which acetate by far co ... | 1977 | 836122 |
| photoassimilation of acetate and metabolism of carbohydrate in chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | 1. washed cell suspensions of chlorobium thiosulfatophilium form large amounts of a polyglucose in the light. addition of acetate to the cells increases the formation of polysaccharide considerable. during incubation in the dark, polysaccharide decreases with time, and organic acids such as succinic and propionic acid are excreted into the medium. 2. glucose isolated from cells which had photoassimilated 1-, 2-, and u-14c-acetate had a specific activity which lay between 1 and 2 times that of th ... | 1975 | 808188 |
| a new bacteriochlorophyll from brown-colored chlorobiaceae. | a new bacteriochlorophyll has been isolated by thin layer chromatography from all strains of the brown-colored chlorobiaceae chlorobium phaeobacteroides and chlorobium phaeovibriodes. the new bacteriochlorophylle--like the bacteriochlorophylls c and d--represents the major amounts of bacteriochlorophyll a. bacteriochlorophyll e can be differentiated from the bacteriochlorophylls c and d by its absorption maxima in aceton and its different rf-value in the thin layer chromatogram. the structure of ... | 1975 | 803825 |
| exciton interaction among chlorophyll molecules in bacteriochlorophyllaproteins and bacteriochlorophyllareaction center complexes from green bacteria. | absorption and cd spectra of bacteriochlorophyll a proteins and bacteriochlorophyll a reaction center complexes from two strains of chlorobium limicola were recorded at 77 degrees k. visual inspection showed that the qy-band of chlorophyll in either protein was split into at least five components. analysis of the spectra in terms of asymmetric gaussian component pairs by means of computer program gamet showed that six components are necessary to fit the spectra from strain 2k. these six componen ... | 1976 | 938647 |
| [oxidation-reduction potentials of chlorophyll pigments in photosynthesizing organisms on different levels of evolutionary development]. | according to polarographically measured eored of bacteriochlorophyll "a", chlorobium chlorophyll "660", "b" and "a" chlorophylls (-0.67 v, -0.73 v, -0.79 v, -0.86 v-n.h.e.) and literature data about eoox of these pigments (+/-0.62 v, + 0.62 v, + 0.78 v, +0.77 v correspondingly) it has been shown that chemical energy stored in the singular photochemical set is increased in the evolution of the photosynthetic apparatus. it has apparently resulted in the possibility of evolutionary approach to util ... | 1976 | 963091 |
| an enriched reaction center preparation from green photosynthetic bacteria. | bacteriochlorophyll a reaction-center complex i from chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum 6230 (tassajara) was incubated in 2 m guanidine - hcl and then chromatographed on cross-linked dextran or agarose gel. two principal components were separated: a larger component with photochemical activity (bacteriochlorophyll a reaction-center complex ii) and a smaller component without activity (bacteriochlorophyll a protein). complex ii contains carotenoid, bacteriochlorophyll a, reaction center(s), ... | 1976 | 990292 |
| [utilization of nitrogen compounds by phototrophic bacteria]. | phototrophic purple and green bacteria differ by their ability to assimilate nitrogen compounds. thiocapsa roseopersicina utilizes not only ammonium and nitrates, as a source of nitrogen, but also urea, azoguanine, cytosine and some amino acids. the non-sulphur bacterium rhodopseudomonas palustris grows at the account of amine nitrogen of a larger number of amino acids than the sulphur bacterium. chlorobium limicola 1. thiosulfatophilum grows only on media containing urea and methylamines. forma ... | 1976 | 1004251 |
| light-induced oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochromes in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium prosthecochloris aesturarii. | the light-induced oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochromes in intact cells, starved cells, and chlorobium vesicle fractions of the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium prosthecochloris aesturarii were studied under anaerobic conditions. on the basis of both kinetic and spectral properties, at least three cytochrome species were found to be involved in the light-induced oxidation-reduction reactions of intact cells. these cytochromes were designated according to the positions of alpha-band m ... | 1976 | 1010847 |
| the amino acid sequence of ferredoxin ii from chlorobium limicola, a photosynthetic green bacterium. | the amino acid sequence of ferredoxin ii from the photosynthetic green sulfur-reducing bacterium, chlorobium limicola, was deduced to be: ala-his-arg-ile-thr-glu-glu-cys-thr-tyr-cys-ala-ala-cys-glu-pro-glu-cys-pro-val-asn-ala-ile-ser-ala-gly-asp-glu-ile-tyr-ile-val-asp-glu-ser-val-cys-thr-asp-cys-glu-gly-tyr-tyr-asp-glu-pro-ala-cys-val-ala-val-cys-pro-val-asp-cys-ile-ile-lys-val. the ferredoxin was shown to consist of 61 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. the presence of 8 g-atoms of fe ... | 1975 | 1125205 |
| cytochrome b and photosynthetic sulfur bacteria. | chromatophores isolated from the purple sulfur bacterium chromatium and the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium exhibit absorbance changes in the cytochrome alpha-band region consistent with the presence of a b-type cytochrome. cytochrome content determined by reduced minus oxidized difference spectra and by heme photochemically active bacteriochlorophyll (reaction-center bacteriochlorophyll). the b-type cytochrome in chromatium has an alpha-band maximum at 560 nm and a midpoint oxidation-reductio ... | 1975 | 1125222 |
| [comparative study of the ultrastructure of vibrioid green sulfur bacteria]. | the fine structure of the cells was investigated on the ultrathin sections of green sulphur bacteria, two strains of chlorobium vibrioforme, two strains of pelodictyon luteolum, and one strain of pelodictyon phaeum. all strains possess similar photosynthetic structures --"chlorobium-vesicules" underlying the cytoplasmic membrane. irregularly localized, gaseous vesicules of the rhombic shape were discerned in the cytoplasm of p. luteolum and p. phaeum. the vesicules were surrounded by a unilayer ... | 1975 | 1160624 |
| characterization of an improved reaction center preparation from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium chlorobium containing the fes centers fa and fb and a bound cytochrome subunit. | a photosynthetic reaction center complex was prepared from the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium by solubilization of chlorosome-depleted membranes with lauryl maltoside, followed by anion-exchange chromatography and molecular sieve chromatography. the purified complex was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, optical spectroscopy, and epr spectroscopy. the major bands migrated at apparent molecular masses of 50, 42, and 32 kda (heme-staining) and additional ... | 1992 | 1312353 |
| photosynthetic electron-transfer reactions in the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme: evidence for the functional involvement of iron-sulfur redox centers on the acceptor side of the reaction center. | the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme was cultured in the presence of ethylene to selectively inhibit the synthesis of the chlorosome antenna bchl d. use of these cells as starting material simplified the isolation of a photoactive antenna-depleted membrane fraction without the use of high concentrations of detergents. the preparation had a bchl alpha/p840 of 50, and the spectral properties were similar to those of preparations isolated from cells grown with a normal complement of ch ... | 1992 | 1314661 |
| nucleotide sequence of 16s rrna and phylogenetic position of the green sulfur bacterium clathrochloris sulfurica. | the almost complete primary structure of the 16s rrna from the green sulfur bacterium "clathrochloris sulfurica" was determined by reverse transcriptase sequencing. comparison of defined invariable parts of the molecule from representatives of 9 major lines of descent from the eubacterial kingdom shows c. sulfurica to be highly related to chlorobium vibrioforme. the relationship between "clathrochloris" and chlorobium is in accord with the present allocation of these two genera into the family c ... | 1989 | 2774797 |
| removal of hydrogen sulfide by chlorobium thiosulfatophilum in immobilized-cell and sulfur-settling free-cell recycle reactors. | bioconversion of hydrogen sulfide to elementary sulfur by the photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum was studied in immobilized-cell and sulfur-settling free-cell recycle reactors. the cells immobilized in strontium alginate beads excreted elementary sulfur and accumulated it as crystal in the bead matrices, which made it possible that the reactor broth remained clear and the light penetrated the reactor deeper than with the free cells. in comparison with the free cells, the immob ... | 1991 | 1367751 |
| a membrane-bound monoheme cytochrome c551 of a novel type is the immediate electron donor to p840 of the chlorobium vibrioforme photosynthetic reaction center complex. | a photosynthetic reaction center complex has been isolated from the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 80, 40, 18, 15, 9, and 6 kda. only the 18-kda polypeptide is stained with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, a heme-specific reagent. oxidized minus reduced difference spectra show the presence of approximately one heme/p840 and the presence of a cytochrome c551. flash photo ... | 1992 | 1383218 |
| light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis: involvement of the chloroplast gene chll (frxc). | the chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast gene chll (frxc) is shown to be involved in the light-independent conversion of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide. the polypeptide encoded by chll contains a striking 53% amino acid sequence identity with the bacteriochlorophyll (bch) biosynthesis bchl gene product in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus. in a previous analysis, we demonstrated that bchl was involved in light-independent protochlorophyllide reduction, thereby implicati ... | 1992 | 1392602 |
| photosynthetic reaction center genes in green sulfur bacteria and in photosystem 1 are related. | oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria involves two photosystems, which originate from different prokaryotic ancestors. the reaction center of photo-system 2 (ps2) is related to the well-characterized reaction center of purple bacteria, while the reaction center of photosystem 1 (ps1) is related to the green sulfur bacteria, as is convincingly documented here. an operon encoding the p840 reaction center of chlorobium limicola f.sp. thiosulfatophilum has been cloned and sequenc ... | 1992 | 1518838 |
| sulfide quinone reductase (sqr) activity in chlorobium. | membranes of the green sulfur bacterium, chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, catalyze the reduction of externally added isoprenoid quinones by sulfide. this activity is highly sensitive to stigmatellin and aurachins. it is also inhibited by 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide, antimycin, myxothiazol and cyanide. it is concluded that in sulfide oxidizing bacteria like chlorobium, sulfide oxidation involves a sulfide-quinone reductase (sqr) similar to the one found in oscilatoria limnetica ... | 1992 | 1544483 |
| glutamyl-trna reductase from escherichia coli and synechocystis 6803. gene structure and expression. | in the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 and in the enterobacterium escherichia coli delta-amino-levulinic acid (ala) is formed from glutamyl-trna by the sequential action of two enzymes, glutamyl-trna reductase (glutr) and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. e. coli has two glutr proteins with sizes of 45 kda (glutr45) and 85 kda (glutr85) (jahn, d., michelsen, u., and söll, d. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 2542-2548). the hema gene, isolated from e. coli and several other eubacteri ... | 1992 | 1569081 |
| 5s rrna sequences of representatives of the genera chlorobium, prosthecochloris, thermomicrobium, cytophaga, flavobacterium, flexibacter and saprospira and a discussion of the evolution of eubacteria in general. | 5s rrna sequences were determined for the green sulphur bacteria chlorobium limicola, chlorobium phaeobacteroides and prosthecochloris aestuarii, for thermomicrobium roseum, which is a relative of the green non-sulphur bacteria, and for cytophaga aquatilis, cytophaga heparina, cytophaga johnsonae, flavobacterium breve, flexibacter sp. and saprospira grandis, organisms allotted to the phylum 'bacteroides-cytophaga-flavobacterium' and relatives as determined by 16s rrna analyses. by using a cluste ... | 1990 | 1693658 |
| mass spectrometrically derived amino acid sequence of thioredoxin from chlorobium, an evolutionarily prominent photosynthetic bacterium. | the amino acid sequence of the thioredoxin isolated from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum was determined chiefly by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry combined with edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry. for this purpose, the protein was digested with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and staphylococcus aureus protease or combinations thereof. chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide was also used alone or in combination with trypsin. th ... | 1987 | 3294835 |
| evolutionary relationships among sulfur- and iron-oxidizing eubacteria. | some 37 reverse transcriptase, partial 16s rrna sequences from sulfur- and/or iron-oxidizing eubacteria, including sequences from species of the genera thiobacillus, thiothrix, thiomicrospira, acidophilium, "leptospirillum," thiovulum, and chlorobium, have been determined. in addition, 16s sequences from a number of unnamed sulfur- and/or iron-oxidizing bacteria from hydrothermal vent sites, from invertebrate-bacterial endosymbioses, and from various mineral recovery operations also have been de ... | 1992 | 1729214 |
| malate dehydrogenase from chlorobium vibrioforme, chlorobium tepidum, and heliobacterium gestii: purification, characterization, and investigation of dinucleotide binding by dehydrogenases by use of empirical methods of protein sequence analysis. | malate dehydrogenase (mdh; ec 1.1.1.37) from strain ncib 8327 of the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme was purified to homogeneity by triazine dye affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration. purification of mdh gave an approximately 1,000-fold increase in specific activity and recoveries of typically 15 to 20%. the criteria of purity were single bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and nondenaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis (page) and the detection of a single n termin ... | 1992 | 1735722 |
| structure and expression of the chlorobium vibrioforme hema gene. | the green sulfur bacterium, chlorobium vibrioforme, synthesizes the tetrapyrrole precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala), from glutamate via the rna-dependent five-carbon pathway. a 1.9-kb clone of genomic dna from c. vibrioforme that is capable of transforming a glutamyl-trna reductase-deficient, ala-dependent, hema mutant of escherichia coli to prototrophy was sequenced. the transforming c. vibrioforme dna has significant sequence similarity to the e. coli, salmonella typhimurium, and bacil ... | 1991 | 1793335 |
| the characterization of chlorobium vesicles and membranes isolated from green bacteria. | | 1970 | 4097071 |
| an nad(p) reductase derived from chlorobium thiosulfatophilum: purification and some properties. | | 1973 | 4145179 |
| photochemical disproportionation of sulfur into sulfide and sulfate by chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum. | | 1974 | 4209228 |
| ferredoxin linked dpn reduction by the photosynthetic bacteria chromatium and chlorobium. | | 1965 | 4286333 |
| comparison of chlorobium thiosulphatophilum cytochrome c-555 with c-type cytochromes derived from algae and nonsulphur purple bacteria. | | 1968 | 4299572 |
| biosynthetic studies of substituent homologation in bacteriochlorophylls c and d. | administration of carbon-13 and carbon-14 labeled glutamate, glycine, and methionine to chlorobium vibrioforme forma thiosulfatophilum strain d have demonstrated operation of the c5 and c1 metabolic pathways in bacteriochlorophyll c and bacteriochlorophyll d biosynthesis in this organism, with glutamate providing the delta-aminolevulinic acid for macrocycle synthesis and glycine providing the source of the extra homologation at the 4-, 5-, and delta-positions (via s-adenosylmethionine). further ... | 1990 | 1972028 |
| the amino acid sequence of a major protein component in the light harvesting complex of the green photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum. | a 7.5-kda protein has been isolated from chlorosomes of chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum and the complete primary structure determined by a combination of automatic edman degradation and plasma desorption mass spectrometry. the 74-residue protein shows great homology to a similar protein of unknown function which has been isolated from pelodictyon luteolum but otherwise no significant homology to other proteins can be found. the possible role of the protein in the structure and function ... | 1991 | 2015294 |
| netherlands society for microbiology meeting at delft on 25 october 1972. homologies in the amino acid sequences of cytochrome c-555 from the green photosynthetic bacteria "chloropseudomonas ethylica" and chlorobium thiosulfatophilium. | | 1973 | 4354442 |
| cytochrome c (553, chlorobium thiosulfatophilum) is a sulphide-cytochrome c reductase. | | 1973 | 4355908 |
| the oxidation mechanisms of thiosulphate and sulphide in chlorobium thiosulphatophilum: roles of cytochrome c-551 and cytochrome c-553. | | 1973 | 4357558 |
| photoreduction of ferredoxin and its use in nad(p)+ reduction by a subcellular preparation from the photosynthetic bacterium, chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | | 1969 | 4389189 |
| amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from a photosynthetic green bacterium, chlorobium limicola. | | 1974 | 4407619 |
| complete amino acid sequence of the cytochrome subunit and amino-terminal sequence of the flavin subunit of flavocytochrome c (sulfide dehydrogenase) from chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | the complete amino acid sequence of the 86-residue heme subunit of flavocytochrome c (sulfide dehydrogenase) from the green phototrophic bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum strain tassajara has been determined as follows: apeqsksiprgeilslscagchgtdgksesiiptiygrsaeyiesalldfksga- rpstvmgrhakgysdeeihqiaeyfgslstmnn. the subunit has a single heme-binding site near the n terminus, consisting of a pair of cysteine residues at positions 18 and 21. the out-of-plane ligands are apparently contributed by ... | 1990 | 2161842 |
| photosynthetic reaction center of green sulfur bacteria studied by epr. | membrane preparations of two species of the green sulfur bacteria chlorobium have been studied by epr. three signals were detected which were attributed to iron-sulfur centers acting as electron acceptors in the photosynthetic reaction center. (1) a signal from a center designated fb, (gz = 2.07, gy = 1.91, gx = 1.86) was photoinduced at 4 k. (2) a similar signal, fa (gz = 2.05, gy = 1.94, gx = 1.88), was photoinduced in addition to the fb signal upon a short period of illumination at 200 k. (3) ... | 1990 | 2162198 |
| the primary structure of the presumable bchl d-binding polypeptide of chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. | in addition to the previous isolated and sequenced polypeptides from green photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, which are presumably involved in binding bchl c and e, an analogous polypeptide has been purified from the bchl d-containing bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. the primary structure of this 6.15 kda polypeptide was determined. it shows an extremely high homology (98.3%) to the corresponding polypeptide from pelodictyon luteolum, indicative of an important functional role ... | 1990 | 2282115 |
| specific inhibition of antenna bacteriochlorophyll synthesis in chlorobium vibrioforme by anesthetic gases. | the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme contains two types of bacteriochlorophyll (bchl). the minor pigment, bchl a, is associated primarily with the cell membrane and its reaction centers; and the major light-harvesting antenna pigment, bchl d, is found primarily in the chlorosomes, which are attached to the inner surface of the cell membrane. anesthetic gases, such as n2o, ethylene, and acetylene, were found to inhibit the synthesis of bchl d, but not of bchl a, thus allowing the cel ... | 1990 | 2307651 |
| structure of a bacteriochlorophyll-protein from the green photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium limicola: crystallographic evidence for a trimer. | | 1974 | 4830866 |
| red shift of absorption maxima in chlorobiineae through enzymic methylation of their antenna bacteriochlorophylls. | the bacteriochlorophyll d producing photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria chlorobium vibrioforme forma thiosulfatophilum strain ncib 8327 and c. vibrioforme strain b1-20 respond to reduced light conditions in culture by performing methylations at the 4- and 5-substituents, for example, converting the 4-et into 4-n-pr, 4-i-bu, and even 4-neopn. during this process, the absorption maximum in living cells of c. vibrioforme strain b1-20 red shifts from 714 to about 728 nm. eventually, the c. vibriofo ... | 1990 | 2350541 |
| contrasting evolutionary histories of chloroplast thioredoxins f and m. | fourteen thioredoxin sequences were used to construct a minimal phylogenetic tree by using parsimony. the bacterial thioredoxins clustered into three groups: one containing the photosynthetic purple bacteria, escherichia and corynebacterium; a second containing the photosynthetic green bacterium, chlorobium; and a third containing cyanobacteria. these groupings are similar to those generated from earlier 16s rna analyses. animal thioredoxins formed a fourth group. the two thioredoxins of chlorop ... | 1990 | 2359363 |
| cloning and expression of a structural gene from chlorobium vibrioforme that complements the hema mutation in escherichia coli. | escherichia coli sasx41b carries the hema mutation and requires delta-aminolevulinic acid for growth. strain sasx41b was transformed to prototrophy with pya1, a plasmid vector carrying a 5.8-kilobase insert of genomic dna from the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium vibrioforme. cell extracts prepared from transformed cells are able to catalyze transfer of label from [1-14c]glutamate or [3,4-3h]glutamyl-trna to delta-aminolevullinic acid at rates much higher than extracts of wild-type cells can, w ... | 1990 | 2407729 |
| transformation of glutamate to delta-aminolevulinic acid by soluble extracts of chlorobium vibrioforme. | formation of the tetrapyrrole pigment precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala) from glutamate was detected and partially characterized in extracts of the strictly anaerobic green photosynthetic bacterial species chlorobium vibrioforme by using assay methods derived from those developed for algae and cyanobacteria. ala formation in chlorobium extracts was saturated at 10 mm glutamate and required nadph and atp at optimal concentrations of 0.3 and 3 mm, respectively. preincubation of the enzyme e ... | 1989 | 2472378 |
| [effect of ultraviolet light on the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum]. | | 1969 | 5345738 |
| amino acid composition and terminal sequences of ferredoxins from two photosynthetic green bacteria. | the amino acid composition of ferredoxins from chlorobium thiosulfatophilum 8327 and chloropseudomonas ethylicum, like c. thiosulfatophilum tassajara, resembled ferredoxins from nonphotosynthetic anaerobes rather than chromatium; the terminal sequences, however, more closely resembled chromatium ferredoxin. | 1969 | 5361222 |
| 13c-nmr study of autotrophic co2 fixation in thermoproteus neutrophilus. | the pathway of autotrophic co2 fixation has been investigated in the extremely thermophilic sulfur-respiring anaerobic archaebacterium thermoproteus neutrophilus. [1,4-13c2]succinate was used as a tracer since this compound was incorporated in small amounts virtually into all cell compounds without affecting the organism's ability to synthesize all cell constituents from co2. three representative amino acids, glutamate, aspartate and alanine were isolated from cells after growth for several gene ... | 1989 | 2506014 |
| [effect of some organic compounds on the growth of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum in relation to illumination conditions and presence of bicarbonate]. | | 1969 | 5401103 |
| chromatium flavocytochrome c: kinetics of reduction of the heme subunit, and the flavocytochrome c-mitochondrial cytochrome c complex. | the kinetics of reduction of chromatium vinosum flavocytochrome c heme subunit by exogenous flavin neutral semiquinones generated by laser flash photolysis have been investigated. unlike the holoprotein, the isolated heme subunit was appreciably reactive with lumiflavin neutral semiquinone. the measured rate constant for the reaction (2.7 x 10(7) m-1 s-1) was comparable to those of c-type cytochromes having similar redox potentials. the ionic strength dependence of the reaction with fmn neutral ... | 1985 | 2981511 |
| chlorobium vesicles: the photosynthetic organelles of green bacteria. | | 1970 | 5488119 |
| flavocytochromes c: transient kinetics of photoreduction by flavin analogues. | kinetics of reduction of phototrophic bacterial flavocytochromes c by exogenous flavin semiquinones and fully reduced flavins generated by laser flash photolysis have been studied. the mechanisms of reduction of chromatium and chlorobium flavocytochromes c are more similar to one another than previously thought. neither protein is very reactive with neutral flavin semiquinones (k less than 10(7) m-1 s-1), and the reactions with fully reduced flavins are slower than expected on the basis of compa ... | 1985 | 2985110 |
| [changes in the ultrastructure of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum in relation to growth conditions]. | | 1970 | 5497280 |
| [on the composition of pigmented structures in prokaryota. ii. studies on the chromatophores of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum strain tassajara]. | | 1967 | 5595247 |
| [ultra-fine structure of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum, a green sulphur bacterium]. | | 1967 | 5618189 |
| hydrogenases of phototrophic microorganisms. | this review surveys recent work done in the laboratory of the author and related laboratories on the properties and possible practical applications of hydrogenases of phototrophic microorganisms. homogeneous hydrogenase preparations were obtained from purple non-sulfur (rhodospirillum rubrum s1, rhodobacter capsulatus b10) and purple sulfur (chromatium vinosum d, thiocapsa roseopersicina bbs) bacteria, and from the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum l; highly puri ... | 1986 | 3015244 |
| redox properties and active center of phototrophic bacteria hydrogenases. | it is shown that the activity of phototrophic bacteria hydrogenases depends on the redox potential (eh) of the medium. hydrogenase from the purple sulfur bacterium thiocapsa roseopersicina strain bbs reversibly activates h2 at eh less than -290 mv (ph 7.0). when eh is increased from -290 to -170 mv, the enzyme is converted into an inactive form which is accompanied by one-electron oxidation of its fe-s cluster. in contrast, the hydrogenases of the purple nonsulfur bacterium rhodobacter capsulatu ... | 1986 | 3015253 |
| [effect of some amino acids on the yield of the green sulphur bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum]. | | 1968 | 5735990 |
| phenylalanyl-trna synthetase from chloroplasts of a higher plant (phaseolus vulgaris). purification and comparison of its structural, functional, and immunological properties with those of the enzymes from the corresponding cytoplasm, the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans, and the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium chlorobium limicola. | chloroplastic phenylalanyl-trna synthetase from bean leaves is purified under optimal protective conditions over 4,900-fold. its apparent molecular weight is 78,000, as determined by gel filtration, with a dimeric subunit structure of alpha beta (alpha = 33,000 and beta = 42,000), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. this indicates a drastic size reduction of 40% for each subunit compared to the corresponding cytoplasmic enzyme and a unique quaternary structure. heterolog ... | 1986 | 3081498 |
| the photosystem i-like p840-reaction center of green s-bacteria is a homodimer. | an operon encoding the p840 reaction center of chlorobium limicola f.sp.thiosulfatophilum has been cloned and sequenced. it contains two structural genes coding for proteins of 730 and 232 amino acids. the first protein resembles the large subunits of the photosystem i (ps i) reaction center. putative binding elements for the primary donor, p840 in chlorobium and p700 in ps i and for the acceptors a(o), a(1) and fes-center x are conserved. the second protein is related to the ps i subunit carryi ... | 1992 | 1633181 |
| [metabolism of sulfur compounds in photosynthetizing cultures of chlorobium thiosulfatophilum]. | | 1965 | 5859007 |
| adduct formation between sulfite and the flavin of phototrophic bacterial flavocytochromes c. kinetics of sequential bleach, recolor, and rebleach of flavin as a function of ph. | the kinetics of sulfite adduct formation with the bound flavin in flavocytochromes c from the purple phototrophic bacterium chromatium vinosum and the green phototrophic bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum have been investigated as a function of ph. both species of flavocytochrome c rapidly react with sulfite to form a flavin sulfite adduct (k = 10(3)-10(5) m-1 s-1) which is bleached at 450-475 nm and has associated charge-transfer absorbance at 660 nm. the rate constant for adduct formation ... | 1991 | 1653608 |
| the biosynthesis of chlorobium chlorophylls-660. the isolation and purification of porphyrins from chlorobium thiosulfatophilum-660. | | 1966 | 5911287 |
| [on possible pathways of biosynthesis of bacterioviridine (chlorobium-chlorophyll)]. | | 1966 | 6004696 |
| redox potentials of flavocytochromes c from the phototrophic bacteria, chromatium vinosum and chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. | the redox potentials of flavocytochromes c (fc) from chromatium vinosum and chlorobium thiosulfatophilum have been studied as a function of ph. chlorobium fc has a single heme which has a redox potential of +98 mv at ph 7 (n = 1) that is independent of ph between 6 and 8. the average two-electron redox potential of the flavin extrapolated to ph 7 is +28 mv and decreases 35 mv/ph between ph 6 and 7. the anionic form of the flavin semiquinone is stabilized above ph 6. the redox potential of chroma ... | 1991 | 1654798 |
| mechanism of biosynthesis of 2-oxo-3-methylvalerate in chlorobium vibrioforme. | the biosynthesis of 2-oxo-3-methylvalerate in chlorobium vibrioforme was investigated by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the oxoacid formed from 13c-labeled acetate by washed suspensions. the threonine pathway could be excluded, and the results are in accord with a mechanism for the formation of 2-oxobutyrate from acetyl coenzyme a and pyruvate via citramalate. | 1988 | 3384813 |
| the complete amino acid sequence of rubredoxin from the green phototrophic bacterium chlorobium thiosulphatophilum strain pm. | a complete amino acid sequence for the rubredoxin from the photosynthetic bacterium chlorobium thiosulphatophilum is proposed. the sequence, a single polypeptide chain of 53 amino acids, was deduced from the sequences of peptides obtained by chymotryptic, tryptic, thermolytic or mild acid digestion. the rubredoxin shows a high degree of sequence homology with rubredoxins from non-photosynthetic bacteria, and the evolutionary implications of this are considered. | 1987 | 3816795 |
| a new bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complex associated with chlorosomes of green sulfur bacteria. | chlorosomes were prepared from chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. cells broken in the presence of 2 m nascn yielded three chlorosome fractions in the gradient: low density (no sucrose), medium density (approx. 18% sucrose), and high density (approx. 26% sucrose). all fractions were stable at any chlorosome concentration. cells broken in the absence of 2 m nascn also yielded three fractions, but only the high-density fraction contained stable chlo ... | 1986 | 3942714 |