| characterization of the neoagarotetra-ase and neoagarobiase of cytophaga flevensis. | the degradation of neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose by cytophaga flevensis was investigated. the organism possesses an enzyme that hydrolyzes the tetramer by cleavage of its central beta-galactosidic linkage. the product of this reaction, neoagarobiose, is further hydrolyzed enzymatically to d-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose. both enzyme activities were localized in the cytoplasm. attempts were made to partially purify the respective enzymes and although a 30-40 fold-purification was ach ... | 1976 | 8001 |
| the regulation of agarase production by resting cells of cytophaga flevenis. | the regulation of the synthesis of extracellular agarase by cytophaga flevensis was studied in resting-cell suspensions. enzyme synthesis was strictly dependent on the presence of a suitable inducer. enzyme production was maximal at 20 c in phosphate buffer ph 6.9 in the presence of 1.3 mm calcium chloride, 0.03% casamino acids and inducer. enzyme production was virtually the same at 15 and 20 c, reduced to 50% at 25 c and was not detectable at 30 c. it was highly stimulated by the presence of 0 ... | 1976 | 10834 |
| the cellulase system of a cytophaga species. | cellulases (ec 3.2.1.4) of a cytophaga species wthc 2421 (atcc 29474) were found in the soluble portion of the cell (the periplasm and the cytoplasm) and on the membrane. cell-free cellulases were not found. most of the carboxymethylcellulase activity associated with reduction of viscosity was membrane bound, whereas most of the carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) saccharifying activity was soluble. the cmc-saccharifying activity was increased 534 x by purification procedures which included ammonium su ... | 1977 | 20217 |
| iso-branched 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids as characteristic lipid constituents of some gliding bacteria. | the fatty acids present in the total hydrolysates of several gliding bacteria (myxococcus fulvus, stigmatella aurantiaca, cytophaga johnsonae, cytophaga sp. strain samoa and flexibacter elegans) were analyzed by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. in addition to 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid, 15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and hexadecenoic acid, 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids comprised up to 50% of the total fatty acids. the majority was odd-numbered and iso-b ... | 1979 | 118159 |
| sorption and desorption of atrazine by three bacterial species isolated from aquatic systems. | the isolates acinetobacter spec., cytophaga spec. and pseudomonas fluorescens represent different morphological and physiological types of bacteria. they accumulate atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-5-triazine) to different levels. accumulation expressed by the ratio of atrazine sorbed per volume of bacteria to atrazine per the same volume of water amounted to 11 for acinetobacter spec., 8.6 for cytophaga spec. and 6.2 for pseudomonas fluorescens. accumulation ratios were prop ... | 1979 | 119497 |
| classification of micrococci on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid homology. | the dna homology relationships of 25 micrococci (15 strains of micrococcus, eight strains of sarcina and two strains of staphylococcus) were studied by the deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization method using nuclease s1, an endonuclease specific for single-stranded dna molecules. nineteen of the strains were classified into three groups. group i contained micrococcus lysodeikticus iami056, m. luteus iami1010, m. flavus iami2005 and iami2006, sarcina flava iami2007 and iami1006. s. subflava iami2009 ... | 1976 | 180238 |
| conformations of a,t-rich dnas. | dnas from the genomes of clostridium perfringens and cytophaga johnsonii display orthodox a-dna and b-dna structures despite their high (a+l) nucleotide content. unique structures, such as those found for synthetic dnas having specific special sequences, do therefore not necessarily occur for dnas having more random base sequence even if these have unusual base compositions. clostridium perfringens dna exhibits unusual structural properties only prior to purification by gel filtration. | 1976 | 186759 |
| fimbriation in gliding bacteria. | of twenty-two strains of gliding prokaryotes examined, all but three were found to possess polar fimbriae. fimbriae were not observed on two gliders, while chloroflexus aurantiacus bore abundant peritrichous fimbriae. in some gliding bacteria, fimbriae were associated with 'holes' surrounded by an electron-transparent collar bearing 12 spike-like projections. | 1977 | 407994 |
| the history, biology, and taxonomy of the cytophaga group. | the first section of this review covers the important characteristics of the genera cytophaga and sporocytophaga. the topics discussed include vegetative cell structure, the spreading habit, and degradation of macromolecules. a historical account of these two genera follows, together with a discussion on the definition of, and species differentiation with the genus cytophaga, and on the taxonomy of sporocytophaga. the third section deals with the relationships of the cytophagas with the flavobac ... | 1977 | 413616 |
| sensitivity of cellulolytic bacteria to antibiotics. | the sensitivity of eight cellulolytic bacterial strains to eight antibiotics was tested. the results showed that, in general, the strains belonging to cytophaga, cellvibrio, and cellfalcicula are more sensitive to antibiotics than those strains that belong to sporocytophaga and cellulomonas. the inhibitory activity of the tested antibiotics, though differing with different strains, showed the following categories: tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloromycetin were most active, kanamycin, strepto ... | 1977 | 414477 |
| colonization of the cementum surface of teeth by oral gram-negative bacteria. | by using in vitro assays, a group of related, filamentous gram-negative bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque deposits of patients with periodontal disease were found to colonize intact teeth. tentatively identified as members of the genus cytophaga, these isolates exhibited a preference for colonizing the cementum surface of the root. examination of intact teeth after several weeks of colonization revealed that the root substructure had been extensively demineralized. | 1979 | 500200 |
| partial purification and properties of a bacterial isoamylase. | isoamylase has been prepared by affinity chromatography of a commercial enzyme-preparation from a strain of cytophaga (also known as a flavobacterium or polyangium). the enzyme was not very stable, but the stability could be improved by calcium ions. the enzyme had a very low but significant activity on pullulan and on alpha-dextrins having maltosyl side-chains. this observation, which is contrary to previous reports, has been related to the specificity of isoamylase and other bacterial debranch ... | 1979 | 526954 |
| studies on the cell-free biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. | cell walls of cephalosporium acremonium mycelia were lysed by enzyme preparations from either helix pomatia (snail) digestive juice or cytophaga. the yield of protoplasts depended on the lytic-enzyme preparation and the age of the culture, and it increased after the mycelia were pretreated with dithiothreitol. a cell-free preparation, obtained by osmotic lysis of protoplasts, synthesized labelled penicillin n from l-[14c]valine. approx. 0.03-0.06% of the amino acid was incorporated into penicill ... | 1977 | 559491 |
| increased extracellular production of a cholinesterase-solubilising factor by cytophaga ncmb 1314 during magnesium starvation. | a cytophaga sp. with the property of liberating a cholinesterase which is found in body muscle of plaice was studied. the liberation was caused by a factor of which more than 90% was found outside the bacterial cell and might possibly be associated within the slime material surrounding the bacteria. magnesium limitation during growth of cytophaga sp. in batch cultures resulted in an about 10-fold increase in extracellular factor activity. the increase could be immediately stopped by addition of ... | 1978 | 638892 |
| investigations of the pigments from cytophaga johnsonae cy jl. new flexirubin-type pigments. | besides carotenoids a complex of flexirubin-type pigments was isolated from the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae cy jl and separated into 6 components, which partly containe chlorine. in spite of the fact that these components still consist of pigment mixtures, the gross structures of 18 new flexirubin-type pigments could be deduced by spectroscopic and chemical investigations. the results open insights into biosynthesis and structural variety of the flexirubins, the novel non-isoprenoid pi ... | 1978 | 697500 |
| g1499-2, a new quinoline compound isolated from the fermentation broth of cytophaga johnsonii. | a new quinoline compound, g1499-2[c18h21no(i)] is produced by cytophaga johnsonii. g1499-2 has an unusual structure containing a cyclopropylidene radical. the compound has limited antibiotic activity against a few bacteria. it is not toxic to mice. | 1978 | 711619 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative bacteria isolated from environmental sources. | a total of 2,445 gram-negative bacteria belonging to fecal coliform, pseudomonas, moraxella, acinetobacter, and flavobacterium-cytophaga groups were isolated from the rivers and bay of tillamook, oregon, and their resistances to chloramphenicol (25 microgram/ml), streptomycin (10 microgram/ml), ampicillin (10 microgram/ml), tetracycline (25 microgram/ml), chlortetracycline (25 microgram/ml), oxytetracycline (25 microgram/ml), neomycin (50 microgram/ml), nitrofurazone (12.5 microgram/ml), nalidix ... | 1978 | 727777 |
| changes in the cell surface of the dimorphic forms of candida albicans by treatment with hydrolytic enzymes. | the release of acid phosphatase and polysaccharide-peptide complexes by hydrolytic enzymes from the surface of the blastospore and mycelial forms of candida albicans has been examined in cells from 4 h and 18 h cultures and the results correlated with the appearance of the treated cells in the electron microscope. treatment with dithiothreitol was necessary for the degradative action of the enzymes to occur. material released by all the treatments used had a similar qualitative composition, but ... | 1976 | 784907 |
| the hereditary symbionts of paramecium aurelia. | | 1975 | 785658 |
| the thermal denaturation of partly purified bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid and its taxonomic applications. | | 1976 | 791916 |
| the role of the 1,6 alpha-glucosidic bond in the synthesis of alpha-glucans. | | 1975 | 805067 |
| phage and defective phage of strains of myxococcus. | 1. phage-like particles were found in the supernatants of cultures of strains of myxococcus xanthus, m. virescens and m. fulvus. the largest number of such particles was associated with m. virescens v2. most of the particles were similar in morphology to the virulent myxococcus phage, mx-1. 2. several new phages were isolated from soil and animal droppings. a new phage was isolated from cultures of m. virescens v2. all resembled phage mx-1 in morphology and were related to phage mx-1 serological ... | 1976 | 821449 |
| microbiological characteristics of pacific shrimp (pandalus jordani). | microorganisms associated with pacific shrimp (pandalus jordani) were isolated and identified. those on the iced raw shrimp, which yielded an average count of 1.6 x 10(6), were predominantly moraxella, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, arthrobacter, and flavobacterium-cytophaga spp. the blanching and peeling reduced the microbial level to 3.3 x 10(4) and also selectively eliminated moraxella spp. the microbial flora changed after each processing sequence, and the heat sensitivity and growth characteri ... | 1977 | 869532 |
| bacteria within ovules and seeds. | surface-sterilized ovules and seeds of 27 species of plants were cultured in the water of syneresis of a nutrient medium low in agar content. bacteria were obtained from 30% of the ovules, 15% of the seeds of herbaceous plants, 16% of the seeds of woody plants, 5.4% of the overwintered noncereal seeds, and 13.5% of overwintered cereal seeds. in no instance did every ovule or seed of a plant species contain bacteria. no bacteria were obtained from the hard, waxy seeds of mimosa or yellowwood. the ... | 1976 | 984839 |
| isolation of a small rod with lytic activity against vibrio parahaemolyticus from fresh sea water. | a small rod, capable of formine crater-like plaques on lawns of vibrio parahaemolyticus, was isolated from a marine environment. the isolate was a gram-negative straight rod with round ends and was small in size, equal to that of halophilic bdellovibrio strain 5501. the isolate appeared to have close taxonomic relationships to cytophaga, since this bacterium moved slowly in a gliding manner on a solid agar surface, hydrolyzed agar and starch, contained yellow pigment and was halophilic. the isol ... | 1976 | 1018344 |
| production and characterization of the agarase of cytoplaga flevensis. | cytophaga flevensis produced an inducible agarase which was extracellular under most conditions tested. the effect of cultural conditions on the production of enzyme was studied in batch and continuous culture. in batch culture, production was optimal when cytophaga flevensis was incubated at 20 c in a mineral medium with agar as the sole carbon source and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source at an initial ph of 6.6-7.0. the enzyme appeared to be subject to catabolite repression, since its sy ... | 1975 | 1083206 |
| microbiological characteristics of dungeness crab (cancer magister). | aerobic, heterotropic microorganisms of dungeness crab (cancer magister) were isolated from raw crab, cooked crab, crab meats obtained during commercial processing, and from retail crab meat samples. each microbial isolate was then identified to the genus level employing the revised replica plating procedure. microbial groups most commonly isolated from crab meat were, in the order of predominance, moraxella, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, arthrobacter, micrococcus, flavobacterium-cytophaga, and ba ... | 1975 | 1096824 |
| a cluster analysis of some bacteria in the water column of green lake, washington. | mass inoculation and computer clustering techniques were used in an abbreviated procedure to group similar bacteria isolated from four depths in the water column of green lake, washington. four groups of bacteria were differentiable and were catagorized as orange-yellow flavobacterium-cytophaga, yellow flavobacterium-cytophaga, vibrio-aeromonas-, and pseudomonas-like. some of the groups were most prevalent in certain sample depths in the water column. | 1975 | 1116047 |
| examination of fimbriation of some gram-negative rods with and without twitching and gliding motility. | negatively stained preparations of 30 different strains of gram-negative rods representing 20 different taxa were examined in the electron microscope. thirteen of the strains studied exhibited twitching and six of the strains exhibited motility. additionally, non-twitching substrains of two of the twitching strains and a non-gliding substrain of one of the gliding strains were examined. a variety of cultural media, preparations for negative straining and negative strains were used. it was found ... | 1975 | 1155114 |
| bacterioplankton community structure and dynamics after large-scale release of nonindigenous bacteria as revealed by low-molecular-weight-rna analysis. | a set of freshwater mesocosms (1.7 m3 each) was inoculated with large amounts of escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida, and their culture medium to substantially disturb the natural microbial community. to monitor microbial community dynamics, low-molecular-weight rna (5s rrna and trna) obtained directly from bacterioplankton was analyzed by using high-resolution electrophoresis. the introduced bacteria showed no significant effect on the community structure of the natural bacterial assemblage an ... | 1992 | 1280060 |
| flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., a pathogen of eggs and larvae of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus l. | a psychrotrophic flexibacter sp., flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., was isolated from the adherent bacterial epiflora of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) eggs and was shown to be an opportunistic pathogen for halibut eggs and larvae. the strains which we isolated had the enzymatic capacity to dissolve both the chorion and the zona radiata of the egg shells. a total of 35 isolates were characterized by using morphological and biochemical tests. these strains were rod shaped, gram ne ... | 1992 | 1503974 |
| pathology of the mucous coat of trout skin during an erosive bacterial dermatitis: a technical advance in mucous coat stabilization for ultrastructural examination. | a fixation regime which combined cryopreservation, freeze drying and vapour fixation with osmium tetroxide, was found to preserve the mucous coat of trout skin for ambient temperature scanning electron microscopy. the regime was used to study changes to the mucous coat of trout skin during a spontaneous outbreak of "columnaris" disease--a common dermatitis of commercial salmonids associated with the bacterial pathogen cytophaga columnaris. infected and damaged regions of skin were covered by a m ... | 1992 | 1602054 |
| summary of bacterial isolates from farm-reared channel catfish (1979-1988). | | 1992 | 1616987 |
| fragmentation of heparin by enzymes from newly isolated microorganisms. | in a screening program a number of new heparin (cas 9005-49-6) degrading microorganisms from soil and water samples from europe, asia and australia were isolated. the new strains were identified as cytophaga sp. but are distinct from the known heparin degrading organism cytophaga heparina in various aspects of cell morphology, sugar metabolism and heparin utilization. analysis of heparin degradation by crude extracts from cytophaga heparina-, tm5- and sin1-cells shows that the products obtained ... | 1991 | 1650230 |
| 5s rrna sequences of representatives of the genera chlorobium, prosthecochloris, thermomicrobium, cytophaga, flavobacterium, flexibacter and saprospira and a discussion of the evolution of eubacteria in general. | 5s rrna sequences were determined for the green sulphur bacteria chlorobium limicola, chlorobium phaeobacteroides and prosthecochloris aestuarii, for thermomicrobium roseum, which is a relative of the green non-sulphur bacteria, and for cytophaga aquatilis, cytophaga heparina, cytophaga johnsonae, flavobacterium breve, flexibacter sp. and saprospira grandis, organisms allotted to the phylum 'bacteroides-cytophaga-flavobacterium' and relatives as determined by 16s rrna analyses. by using a cluste ... | 1990 | 1693658 |
| the electrophoretic mobility of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: an electrokinetic analysis. | the electrophoretic mobility (epm) of a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was measured with a penkem s3000 analyser. under standard growth conditions and neutral ph all cells displayed a negative epm. the polysaccharide capsules of escherichia coli strains k1, k5, k29 and k30 generated the highest epm; to a lesser and varying degree o-antigens with charged groups and core lipopolysaccharides also contribute to the net epm. very little negative epm was measured in suspension cul ... | 1990 | 1696306 |
| enumeration of flexibacter canadensis in environmental samples by using a bacteriophage isolated from soil. | the denitrifier flexibacter canadensis, in the presence of sulfide, can reduce n2o in the presence of concentrations of c2h2 which normally inhibit n2o reduction. most-probable-number estimates of naturally occurring f. canadensis populations in various soils and sediments were made with a bacteriophage which is active against and specific for a strain of denitrifying f. canadensis (is-11). our survey suggests that f. canadensis is common in the natural environment. | 1991 | 1746962 |
| polyamine distributions in the falvobacterium-cytophaga-sphingobacterium complex. | homospermidine was found as the major polyamine in one newly described species of flavobacterium (f. indologenes), in three species of sphingobacterium (s. mizutae, s. multivorium, and s. spiritivorum), and in 10 species of cytophaga (c. aquatilis, c. arvensicola, c. heparina, c. hutchinsonii, c. johnsonae, "c. keratolytica," c. lytica, c. marinoflava, c. uliginosa, and "c. xantha"). these bacteria also all contain putrescine and agmatine as minor components. flavobacterium indologenes and c. jo ... | 1991 | 1777864 |
| lipopolysaccharidelike immunological properties of cell wall glycoproteins isolated from cytophaga johnsonae. | glycoproteins (gp) previously shown to be involved in the gliding motility of cytophaga johnsonae were examined for biological activities characteristic of lipopolysaccharide (lps). these integral membrane proteins activated 70z/3 pre-b cells to synthesize immunoglobulin m, induced b cells to synthesize non-antigen-specific polyclonal immunoglobulin, induced macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor, and modulated the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide in the absence of ... | 1991 | 1855983 |
| health status of salmonids in river systems in natal. iii. isolation and identification of bacteria. | both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fish, both salmonid and non-salmonid, from selected river systems in natal. pasteurella pisicida was isolated for the first time from fish in south africa. the isolation of yersinia ruckeri, aeromonas salmonicida, and edwardsiella tarda were recorded for the first time from fish in natal. a. hydrophila and flexibacter columnaris were found to be widespread throughout the river systems in natal. the streptococcus species which caused ... | 1991 | 1881658 |
| phospholipids and a novel glycine-containing lipoamino acid in cytophaga johnsonae stanier strain c21. | two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography revealed that cytophaga johnsonae contains at least 10 kinds of lipid, 2 of which are phospholipids, namely, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. one of the remaining lipids is a novel lipid that contains an amino acid. the structure of this unusual lipid (lipoamino acid) was resolved by chemical and physicochemical methods. the fatty acyl moiety of this lipid was diverse. the structure of the major molecular species of the lipid was determi ... | 1991 | 1885525 |
| selective isolation methods for fish pathogens. | | 1991 | 1887270 |
| purification and characterization of a new kappa-carrageenase from a marine cytophaga-like bacterium. | a bacterial strain able to degrade various sulfated galactans (carrageenans and agar) was isolated from the marine red alga delesseria sanguinea. from the cell-free supernatant of cultures grown on crude lambda-carrageenan, a kappa-carrageenase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on sephacryl s 200 hr and ion-exchange chromatography on deae--sepharose-cl6b. the purified kappa-carrageenase was detected as a single protein upon sds/page. its molecular mass was estimated ... | 1991 | 1915370 |
| temporal sequence of the recovery of traits during phenotypic curing of a cytophaga johnsonae motility mutant. | the lack of cell translocation and the resulting formation of nonspreading colonies of mutants of the gram-negative gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae have been correlated with the loss of cell surface features of the organism. these cell surface traits include the ability to move polystyrene-latex beads over the cell surface and the ability to be infected by bacteriophages that infect the parent strain. in order to assess whether these traits reflect structures or functions that actually pla ... | 1991 | 1938948 |
| defects in gliding motility in mutants of cytophaga johnsonae lacking a high-molecular-weight cell surface polysaccharide. | we previously observed (w. godchaux, l. gorski, and e.r. leadbetter, j. bacteriol. 172:1250-1255, 1990) that two mutants (strains 21 and ns-1) of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae that were totally deficient in motility-dependent colony spreading, movement of rafts (groups) of cells as observed with a microscope, and movement of polystyrene-latex spheres that attached to the cell surface (observed in wet mounts) were also deficient in a high-molecular-weight cell surface polysaccharide ( ... | 1991 | 1938956 |
| cholinesterase solubilizing factor from cytophaga sp. is a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | in the culture supernatant of cytophaga sp. we detected an enzyme that converted glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored acetylcholinesterase to the hydrophilic form. this enzyme had a cleavage specificity of a phospholipase c. it hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol but did not act on phosphatidylcholine. on gel filtration the enzyme migrated with an apparent molecular mass of about 17 kda. it displayed maximal activity between ph 6-6.5 and did not require cofactors for the expression of catalytic ac ... | 1991 | 2043678 |
| topostin, a novel inhibitor of mammalian dna topoisomerase i from flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. i. taxonomy, and fermentation of producing strain. | we found a new inhibitor of mammalian dna topoisomerase i, named topostin, from a bacterial culture. the bacteria was identified as flexibacter topostinus sp. nov., b-572. morphological and physiological characteristics, and utilization of sugars were examined. comparison of the strain with known species of the genus flexibacter was made and indicates that the strain is a new species of the genus flexibacter. the bacteria produced the inhibitor in parallel with their growth up to 72 hours. | 1990 | 2155896 |
| topostin, a novel inhibitor of mammalian dna topoisomerase i from flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. ii. purification and some properties of topostin. | we describe the isolation of inhibitors of mammalian dna topoisomerase i, named topostins, from a culture broth of flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. and some properties of the inhibitors. topostins a1, a2 and b were isolated by differential solubility in solvents, adsorption chromatography on silica gel and gel filtration on a sephadex lh-20 column. topostins a1, a2 and b had specific activities of 4,700, 16,000 and 22,000 u/mg, respectively. the most active metabolite topostin b comprised two com ... | 1990 | 2155897 |
| evidence that bacteroides nodosus belongs in subgroup gamma of the class proteobacteria, not in the genus bacteroides: partial sequence analysis of a b. nodosus 16s rrna gene. | the taxonomic status of the anaerobe bacteroides nodosus has for some time been uncertain. to resolve this uncertainty, the distal portion of a 16s rrna gene from this important ovine pathogen was cloned, mapped, and sequenced. a comparison of the sequence with the sequences of 16s rrna molecules from other bacteria indicated that b. nodosus is more closely related to escherichia coli and other members of the class proteobacteria than to bacteroides fragilis or the bacteroides-flavobacterium-cyt ... | 1990 | 2223609 |
| outer membrane polysaccharide deficiency in two nongliding mutants of cytophaga johnsonae. | phenol-extractable polysaccharides firmly associated with the outer membrane of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae could be resolved by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) or by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into a high-molecular-weight (h) fraction (excluded by sephadex g-200) and a low-molecular-weight (l) fraction. fraction l was rich in components typical of lipid a and the core region of lipopolysaccharide (p, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate) and ... | 1990 | 2307648 |
| effect of temperature shifts on gliding motility, adhesion, and fatty acid composition of cytophaga sp. strain u67. | gliding motility and flipping of 25 degrees c-adapted cytophaga sp. strain u67 were inhibited when the bacteria were shifted to a less than or equal to 12 degrees c environment; motility was not blocked by a shift to 13 degrees c. bacteria adapted to 4 degrees c were motile over the entire 4 to 25 degrees c temperature range tested. u67 adhesion to the substratum appeared to be unaffected by temperature shifts. bacteria adapted to 4 degrees c had higher proportions of unsaturated and branched-ch ... | 1990 | 2318807 |
| use of nonmotile mutants to identify a set of membrane proteins related to gliding motility in cytophaga johnsonae. | nonmotile mutants of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae were examined to identify proteins that might be involved in gliding motility. wild-type and mutant cell proteins were solubilized and fractionated by using triton x-114, and the proteins that partitioned into the aqueous phase or the detergent phase were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for proteins that differed between wild-type and mutant cells. seventeen proteins, ranging in size from 16 to 1 ... | 1990 | 2345138 |
| surface proteins of the gliding bacterium cytophaga sp. strain u67 and its mutants defective in adhesion and motility. | surface proteins of the gliding bacterium cytophaga sp. strain u67 that make contact with glass substrata were radioiodinated, using a substratum-immobilized catalyst (iodo-gen). at least 15 polypeptides were iodinated, fewer than the number labeled by surface biotinylation of whole cells; these polypeptides define the set of possible candidates for the surface protein(s) that mediates gliding-associated substratum adhesion. the labeling of three adhesion-defective mutants exhibited two characte ... | 1990 | 2345151 |
| the identification of gram-negative, nonfermentative bacteria from water: problems and alternative approaches to identification. | | 1986 | 2424280 |
| [bacteria of the flexibacter/sporocytophaga group and violet-pigmented bacteria as indicators for hygienically doubtful drinking water]. | bacteria of the flexibacter/sporocytophaga group indicate, that drinking water is deficiently protected by the soil covering or may be infiltrated by surface waters. in south bavaria those germs could be demonstrated in 1225 of 3743 samples from central water supplies and in 951 of 1714 samples from decentralized water supplies. f/sp-bacteria could be isolated to a much greater extend from samples which were likewise polluted with escherichia coli, coliforms and colony counts in excess. over the ... | 1989 | 2510750 |
| cysteine is not an obligatory intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteate by cytophaga johnsonae. | a cysteine auxotroph of cytophaga johnsonae was able to incorporate sulfur from sulfate into cysteate, and thus into sulfonolipid, in the absence of cysteine synthesis. this indicates that cysteine is not an obligatory intermediate of the cysteate biosynthetic pathway even though cysteine sulfur can be utilized for cysteate synthesis. | 1989 | 2541704 |
| characterization of cdc group df-3 by cellular fatty acid analysis. | fourteen strains of centers for disease control group df-3 bacteria were examined for cellular fatty acid composition to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. the fatty acids were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. all group df-3 strains possessed a distinct fatty acid profile which was characterized by large amounts (24%) of 12-methyltetradecanoate (a-c15:0), moderate amounts of sat ... | 1989 | 2542365 |
| the taxonomic relationship of certain environmental flavobacteria to the genus weeksella. | forty environmental strains and reference cultures of flavobacterium, cytophaga and weeksella spp. were examined by numerical taxonomy. twenty-seven strains were recovered in four phena. phena 1a and 1b comprised 48% of the strains and were sufficiently similar to the genus weeksella as to suggest possible inclusion in this genus. they could not be accommodated in the existing species w. virosa and w. zoohelcum. strains from phenon 2 appear to belong neither in the flavobacterium or the weeksell ... | 1989 | 2592292 |
| acetylaminofluorene-labelled ribosomal rna for use in molecular epidemiology and taxonomy. | the use of acetylaminofluorene-labelled 16 + 23s rrna (from escherichia coli) is described for determining rrna-gene-restriction patterns. the labelled probe allowed molecular fingerprinting of bacteria belonging to diverse phylogenetic branches (enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, brucella, leptospira, cytophaga, campylobacter, methylophaga). the labelled probe can be stored frozen (-20 degrees c) for at least a year and can endure vacuum dessication, ethanol precipitat ... | 1989 | 2696056 |
| impaired defense mechanisms in bay mussels, mytilus edulis, with hemic neoplasia. | immunocompetence of bay mussels, mytilus edulis, with hemic neoplasia was investigated with an in vitro yeast phagocytosis assay and by in vivo clearance from the blood of injected cytophaga sp. bacteria. the yeast phagocytosis assay was conducted with hemocytes maintained in 90% plasma. neoplastic hemocytes, characterized by enlarged nuclei and scant cytoplasm, failed to phagocytose yeast cells. in contrast, greater than 90% of hemocytes from unaffected animals and morphologically normal hemocy ... | 1989 | 2723448 |
| evidence for colonization and destruction of hinge ligaments in cultured juvenile pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) by cytophaga-like bacteria. | several strains of cytophaga-like gliding bacteria (clb) were isolated as numerically dominant or codominant components of bacterial populations associated with proteinaceous hinge ligaments of cultured juvenile pacific oysters, crassostrea gigas. these bacteria were morphologically similar to long, flexible bacilli occurring within degenerative lesions in oyster hinge ligaments. among bacteria isolated from hinge ligaments, only clb strains were capable of sustained growth with hinge ligament m ... | 1989 | 2757377 |
| analysis of pectate lyases produced by soft rot bacteria associated with spoilage of vegetables. | isoelectric focusing (ief) profiles of pectate lyases (pls) produced by five different groups of soft rot bacteria were analyzed by using the combined techniques of thin-layer polyacrylamide gel ief and agarose-pectate overlay activity staining. four strains of soft rot erwinia spp. produced three or more pl isozymes. all of eight pseudomonas viridiflava strains examined produced one single pl with a pi of 9.7. all 10 of pseudomonas fluorescens strains produced two pls; the major one had a pi of ... | 1989 | 2764574 |
| phenotypic and genomic studies of "cytophaga psychrophila" isolated from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in france. | five strains of gliding bacteria were isolated in france from farmed diseased rainbow trouts reared at low water temperature. the resemblance of these bacteria to the known fish pathogen "cytophaga psychrophila" led to their comparative study with reference strain ncmb 1947 and with an american isolate. morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the seven strains proved to be similar. comparison of their dna by the s1 nuclease dna-dna hybridization method showed that the se ... | 1989 | 2764577 |
| interference reflection microscopic study of sites of association between gliding bacteria and glass substrata. | sites of close contact between gliding cytophaga sp. strain u67 cells and glass were examined by interference reflection microscopy. site patterns changed during translocation and moved relative to the substratum, in contrast to previous interference reflection microscopy observations of fibroblast and amoeboid motility. sinistral rotation around the long axis of the cell was coupled with gliding, except when curved cells traversed curvilinear pathways. close contact was temporary, since cells f ... | 1989 | 2768185 |
| comparison of the phosphatases of lysobacter enzymogenes with those of related bacteria. | lysobacter enzymogenes atcc 29487 (uasm 495) produces an outer-membrane-associated phosphatase and an excreted phosphatase. the cell-associated enzyme was compared to phosphatases of nine other gram-negative gliding bacteria and to that of escherichia coli. the other three species of the genus lysobacter also produce a particulate, cell-associated phosphatase. antiserum prepared against the phosphatase from the outer membrane of l. enzymogenes effectively precipitated the phosphatases of two oth ... | 1987 | 2833562 |
| increase of ornithine amino lipid content in a sulfonolipid-deficient mutant of cytophaga johnsonae. | the gram-negative gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae contains not only large quantities of unusual sulfonolipids but also, as we report here, a second class of unusual lipids. these lipids were detected and quantified by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of lipids from cells grown in the presence of [14c]acetate and shown by chemical studies to be alpha-n-(3-fatty acyloxy fatty acyl)ornithines. like the sulfonolipids, these ornithine lipids were localized in the outer membrane (wherea ... | 1989 | 2914878 |
| beta-subunit of atp-synthase: a useful marker for studying the phylogenetic relationship of eubacteria. | the genes encoding the beta-subunits of atp-synthases (atpases) from bacteroides fragilis dsm 2151, cytophaga lytica dsm 2039 and 'taxeobacter ocellatus' were cloned. the nucleotide sequences were determined completely for the genes of the first two organisms and to a major part for that of 't. ocellatus'. the predicted amino acid sequences were compared with previously published amino acid sequences of beta-subunits. two characteristic insertions were found in genes from organisms belonging to ... | 1988 | 2978296 |
| biosynthesis of a sulfonolipid in gliding bacteria. | gliding bacteria of the genus cytophaga synthesize sulfonolipids (1,2) that contain capnine (1-deoxy-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-sulfonic acid). studies of the incorporation of radiolabeled compounds by c. johnsonae show that cysteate is utilized preferentially to both cystine and inorganic sulfate as a precursor of capnine sulfur and to both cystine and serine as a precursor of carbons 1 and 2 of capnine. the results are consistent with a pathway in which capnine is formed by condensation of ... | 1985 | 2992489 |
| production of enzyme systems in continuous culture for the controlled lysis of microbial cells. | | 1987 | 3124697 |
| a note on the microbiology of retail packs of prepared salad vegetables. | retail packs of mixed, prepared salad vegetables from two different manufacturers were stored at 7 degrees c until the end of storage-life (sell-by date plus 1 d), when the microbial flora was examined. the quality of the salads was acceptable at the end of storage life. the oxygen concentrations in packs were lower, and the carbon dioxide concentrations were higher, than those in air. high numbers of bacteria were present, with pseudomonas spp. and enterobacter agglomerans predominating in pack ... | 1987 | 3126172 |
| temperate phages and bacteriocins of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae. | a collection of 30 independently isolated strains of cytophaga johnsonae was screened for the presence of temperate bacteriophages. two strains were found to harbour phages. the newly isolated phages differ in several respects from the 43 previously isolated phages for c. johnsonae. both phages are polyhedral, approximately 60 nm in diameter, and have no apparent tail structure. they are chloroform sensitive, and plaque formation is inhibited by agar. both are capable of establishing a stable as ... | 1988 | 3171539 |
| columnaris infection among cultured nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus. | flexibacter columnaris was isolated from 13 cultured oreochromis niloticus showing respiratory disorders. the isolates developed typical swarming rhizoid colonies on cytophaga agar medium. antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the susceptibility of f. columnaris isolated to oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. a marked difference in the pathogenicity of seven tested isolates was observed: two were highly virulent, one was moderately virulent and four were avirulent. no experimental ... | 1988 | 3232970 |
| changes in aerobic microflora of skin and gills of mediterranean sardines (sardina pilchardus) during storage in ice. | sardines from the adriatic sea were examined fresh and after 4 and 8 days of storage in ice. a total of 1500 strains isolated were identified from the gills and the surface of the fish. pseudomonadaceae, neisseriaceae, flavobacterium/cytophaga, enterobacteriaceae, coryneform bacteria and micrococcaceae were the most common bacteria in fresh fish. during storage the pseudomonads (mainly the non-fluorescent strains) increased and became the dominating microflora; the neisseriaceae (moraxella, psyc ... | 1988 | 3275304 |
| a distributed model of enzymatic lysis of microbial cells. | | 1987 | 3324869 |
| purification and characterization of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from flavobacterium cb60. | from the highly chloramphenicol-resistant cytophaga-like bacterium flavobacterium cb60, which can both acetylate chloramphenicol and degrade it in co-metabolism, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the purification included fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate and two affinity chromatography steps, eluting cat the first time with 5 mm-chloramphenicol and the second time with a linear gradient (0-10 mm) of chloramphenicol. the puri ... | 1987 | 3327915 |
| isolation and characterization of katanosins a and b. | two peptide antibiotics katanosins a and b were isolated from the culture broth of a strain related to the genus cytophaga. these antibiotics are basic peptides soluble in aqueous alcohols. the molecular formulae c57h95n15o17 for a and c58h97n15o17 for b were indicated. the constituent amino acids of katanosin a are suggested to be thr (1), ser (1), val (1), leu (3), arg (1) and three unusual amino acids. in katanosin b, the val residue is replaced by ile. katanosins a and b are active against g ... | 1988 | 3403364 |
| hydrogen bonding of sulfur ligands in blue copper and iron-sulfur proteins: detection by resonance raman spectroscopy. | the resonance raman spectrum of the blue copper protein azurin from alcaligenes denitrificans exhibits nine vibrational modes between 330 and 460 cm-1, seven of which shift 0.4-3.0 cm-1 to lower energy after incubation of the protein in d2o. these deuterium-dependent shifts have been previously ascribed to exchangeable protons on imidazole ligands [nestor, l., larrabee, j. a., woolery, g., reinhammar, b., & spiro, t. g. (1984) biochemistry 23, 1084] or to exchangeable protons on amide groups whi ... | 1987 | 3442645 |
| growth regulation of the b lymphoma cell line wehi-231 by anti-immunoglobulin, lipopolysaccharide, and other bacterial products. | the growth of wehi-231, a murine immature b lymphoma cell line, was inhibited by anti-igm antibodies. the inhibition of proliferation, as measured by [3h]thymidine incorporation, occurred between 16 and 28 hr after addition of anti-igm. moreover, the growth arrest was irreversible: cells that were cultured with anti-igm for 18 hr and then recultured without it failed to recover the ability to proliferate, even though cells treated for up to 30 hr with anti-igm remained viable, as measured by try ... | 1986 | 3489760 |
| induction of human immunoglobulin synthesis (igg, iga) by the novel, t cell independent mitogen cytophaga allerginae endotoxin. | cytophaga allerginae endotoxin (cae) has been purified from c. allerginae, a newly discovered bacterial species isolated from a chilled water spray humidification system. the present study was undertaken in order to determine whether cae can induce immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) in culture. to this end, human pbl were purified and cultured with either pokeweed mitogen at 5 micrograms/ml, or cae (at varying concentrations) for 6 days. the levels of igg and ig ... | 1987 | 3497882 |
| pb-5266 a, b and c, new monobactams. i. taxonomy, fermentation and isolation. | new monobactams, pb-5266 a, b and c were isolated from the culture filtrate of cytophaga johnsonae pb-5266 by various types of column chromatography and preparative reverse phase hplc. pb-5266 a, b and c exhibited weak antibacterial activity against a sensitive mutant of escherichia coli to beta-lactam antibiotics. | 1987 | 3570960 |
| pb-5266 a, b and c, new monobactams. ii. physico-chemical properties and chemical structures. | the chemical structures of three new monobactams, pb-5266 a, b and c, were elucidated by their physico-chemical properties and spectrometric studies. in contrast to previously described monobactams, they all possess a dehydroasparagine residue. | 1987 | 3570961 |
| cell wall and lipid composition of isosphaera pallida, a budding eubacterium from hot springs. | isosphaera pallida is an unusual gliding, budding eubacterium recently isolated from north american hot springs. electron micrographs of ultrathin sections revealed a cell wall atypical of eubacteria: two electrondense layers separated by an electron-transparent layer, with no evident peptidoglycan layer. growth was not inhibited by penicillin. cell walls were isolated from sheared cells by velocity sedimentation. the rigid-layer fraction, prepared from cell walls by treatment with boiling 10% s ... | 1987 | 3584067 |
| purification of a kappa-carrageenase from marine cytophaga species. | a mixture of extracellular carrageenases was isolated from the cell-free medium of a culture of marine cytophaga sp. 1k-c783 grown on zobell 2216 e broth with 0.1% commercial carrageenan. a single active peak of kappa-carrageenase was separated and purified from the mixture by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-200 gel filtration chromatography. molecular weight of the purified kappa-carrageenase was estimated as 100,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacry ... | 1987 | 3696007 |
| phenotypic and genetic relationships of so-called moraxella (pasteurella) anatipestifer to the flavobacterium/cytophaga group. | so-called moraxella (or pasteurella) anatipestifer and members of the flavobacterium/cytophaga group exhibit remarkable common features: lack of flagellation, low guanine + cytosine content of the chromosomal dna, production of menaquinones and branched-chain fatty acids, absence of carbohydrate fermentation, and similar patterns of hydrolytic enzymes. using the renaturation method of dna:dna hybridization two urease-negative european isolates and the urease-positive type strain (which was isola ... | 1986 | 3739211 |
| isolation and characterization of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from natural spring waters in the lanjaron area (spain). | aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from nine natural mineral water springs in the lanjaron area of spain over the period july 1980 to may 1981. the mineral waters contained few bacteria (mean counts 26-5275 cfu per 100 ml) and the bacterial flora of all nine springs was very similar. most of the isolates were gram-negative rods (90%), and among these pseudomonas spp. and members of the flavobacterium-cytophaga-flexibacter group were numerically dominant. aeromonas-vibrio and enterobac ... | 1986 | 3781942 |
| properties of cytophaga johnsonae strains causing spoilage of fresh produce at food markets. | two strains of gliding, orange-pigmented bacteria, isolated from fresh bell pepper and watermelon, respectively, showing soft-rot lesions, were identified as cytophaga johnsonae. they differed from seven type strains of c. johnsonae deposited at the american type culture collection (atcc) in some properties, such as the ability to utilize glucose, xylose, trehalose, rhamnose, and sucrose. spherical bodies resembling microcysts of sporocytophaga sp. in addition to short rods and long filaments we ... | 1986 | 3789718 |
| guidance of cytophaga sp. strain u67 gliding on the sheaths of oscillatoria princeps. | individual cells of cytophaga sp. strain u67 glided in helical patterns on the surface of sheaths deposited by the cyanobacterium oscillatoria princeps. possible bases for the helical substructure of the sheath are discussed. | 1985 | 3921528 |
| growth of bacteria on chitin, fungal cell walls and fungal biomass, and the effect of extracellular enzymes produced by these cultures on the antifungal activity of amphotericin b. | vibrio alginolyticus, streptomyces griseus, arthrobacter g12, bacillus sp. and cytophaga sp. were grown on solid and liquid media containing soluble and insoluble carbon sources. arthrobacter g12, bacillus sp. and cytophaga sp. grew well on media which contained fungal cell walls or fungal biomass as the main carbon source. all bacteria produced extracellular proteases and all bacteria except arthrobacter g12 produced extracellular chitinases. growth of cytophaga sp. on colloidal chitin was para ... | 1985 | 3929028 |
| distribution of multicopy single-stranded dna among myxobacteria and related species. | multicopy single-stranded dna (msdna) is a short single-stranded linear dna originally discovered in myxococcus xanthus and subsequently found in stigmatella aurantiaca. it exists at an estimated 500 to 700 copies per chromosome (t. yee, t. furuichi, s. inouye, and m. inouye, cell 38:203-209, 1984). we found msdna in other myxobacteria, including myxococcus coralloides, cystobacter violaceus, cystobacter ferrugineus (cbfe17), nannocystis exedens, and nine independently isolated strains of m. xan ... | 1985 | 3932332 |
| gliding motility in cytophaga. | gliding motility in cytophaga depends on a motility machinery that keeps surfaces of cells in motion and on a surface slime that allows motile cells to translocate over a substratum. the unusual nature of the moving cell surfaces appears to be responsible for several cell-surface properties being motility dependent. | 1985 | 3939983 |
| actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains y4 and n27 adhere to hydroxyapatite by distinctive mechanisms. | actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains y4 and n27 absorb to spheroidal hydroxyapatite in roughly the same numbers per milligram of substrate and with the same tenacity as two previously tested cytophaga species. although the two strains of a. actinomycetemcomitans exhibited similar affinities and number of binding sites for sha, their response to enzyme treatment and heating were very different. the capacity of strain y4 to attach to spheroidal hydroxyapatite was diminished by treatment wi ... | 1985 | 3972445 |
| bacteria in bivalve shellfish with special reference to the oyster. | the bacterial flora of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas, the sea mussel perna viridis and the arkshell clam scapharca cornea differed considerably from that of seawater in both numbers and generic composition. the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in the bivalve shellfish, including the anaerobes and spore-forming bacteria, were greater than that in the surrounding water. pseudomonas spp. were the dominant organisms, comprising over one third of the 321 strains characterized after isolation ... | 1985 | 4030530 |
| potentiality of artificial sea water salts for the production of carrageenase by a marine cytophaga sp. | production of an extracellular enzyme complex (carrageenase) was studied by examining cell-free fluids from cultures of a marine cytophaga, 1k-c783, growing on different media. among artificial sea water salts, only nacl and mgcl2 were utilized by the organism to produce carrageenase. the minimal concentrations of suitable combinations of nacl and mgcl2 were found to be 0.05 m nacl plus 0.25 m mgcl2, and 0.15 m nacl plus 0.15 m mgcl2. kcl and cacl2 did not have any role in carrageenase productio ... | 1985 | 4033467 |
| a numerical taxonomic study of flavobacterium-cytophaga strains from dairy sources. | phenotypic data on 203 gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria of the flavobacterium-cytophaga group isolated from milk and butter were analyzed by numerical taxonomic techniques. twenty reference strains including species of flavobacterium, cytophaga and strains of pseudomonas paucimobilis were included in the study. using the matching coefficient of sokal & michener with antibiotic susceptibility data included, 189 isolates were recovered in nine clusters. six of these clusters were linked at ... | 1985 | 4066550 |
| isolation and characterization of gliding motility mutants of cytophaga columnaris. | | 1973 | 4130440 |
| [the carotenoids of myxobacteria]. | | 1972 | 4145625 |
| [ecophysiology of some aquatic bacteria from the flavobacterium-cytophaga group]. | | 1974 | 4154647 |
| physicochemical properties of complexes between deoxyribonucleic acid and antibiotics which affect ribonucleic acid synthesis (actinomycin, daunomycin, cinerubin, nogalamycin, chormomycin, mithramycin, and olivomycin). | | 1966 | 4161040 |
| characteristics of cytophaga psychrophila (borg) isolated during outbreaks of bacterial cold-water disease. | characteristics of 10 strains of cytophaga psychrophila isolated during a number of epizootics of bacterial cold-water disease were compared. morphological, cultural, biochemical, and serological data showed that the organisms were very closely related. the isolates exhibited gliding motility, formed neither fruiting bodies nor microcysts, were actively proteolytic, and grew only at low temperatures. data presented extend the description of c. psychrophila. | 1968 | 4169926 |
| [interactions between pigments and nucleic acids. 5. stoichiometry of complex 1 formed between luteoskyrine, magnesium ions and nucleic acids]. | | 1968 | 4177816 |