| effect of quantity and quality of igg antibodies on blocking of allergenic histamine release in vitro. | in a study of the protective role of igg antibodies in allergen injection therapy, serum antibodies to timothy grass allergens were raised in rabbits and tested for inhibition of histamine release from basophils of grass pollen-sensitive human subjects. rabbit sera were not inhibitory until late in the immune response when large amounts of relatively low affinity igg antibodies were detected by primary binding. inhibition of histamine release by late sera required preincubation of allergen and a ... | 1979 | 84798 |
| expression in escherichia coli of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin. | synthetic genes for human insulin a and b chains were cloned separately in plasmid pbr322. the cloned synthetic genes were then fused to an escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene to provide efficient transcription and translation and a stable precursor protein. the insulin peptides were cleaved from beta-galactosidase, detected by radioimmunoassay, and purified. complete purification of the a chain and partial purification of the b chain were achieved. these products were mixed, reduced, and r ... | 1979 | 85300 |
| effects of antiprostatic agents on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to rat hypophyseal and hypothalamic cytosol macromolecules. | the binding of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone to the hypophyseal and hypothalamic cytosol macromolecules prepared from castrated male rats was observed. the effects of antiprostatic agents on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to both hypophyseal and hypothalamic cytosol macromolecules was examined. cyproterone acetate and chlormadionone acetate showed the significant inhibiting effects on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to 7-8 s macromolecules of cytosol from both hypophysis and hypothalamus. sc ... | 1979 | 86441 |
| binding studies with antibodies having phosphorylcholine specificity and fragments derived from their homologous streptococcus pneumoniae type 27 capsular polysaccharide. | the capsular polysaccharide from streptococcus pneumoniae type 27 (s-27) has been fragmented into oligosaccharides by controlled degradations. binding of these derived small ligands with heterogeneous rabbit anti-s-27 antibody of selected phosphorylcholine affinity indicates that a major immunodeterminant of s-27 is the phosphorylcholine moiety, but that these anti-pc. antibodies are also capable of binding to the polysaccharide backbone from which the p.c. has been removed. | 1979 | 87460 |
| guinea pig transfer factor: restriction of macrophage migration inhibitory activity to extraordinary dilution confirmed with demonstration of diminished potency of stored preparations. | | 1979 | 88292 |
| automatic recognition of inter-ictal epileptic activity in prolonged eeg recordings. | a method of automatic recognition and quantification of inter-ictal epileptic activity in the human eeg had previously been developed and tested using short recordings from awake subjects. this paper describes the adaptation of the method for use during overnight recordings in free-moving unattended patients, in combination with the already existing seizure monitoring system. eeg s were recorded from scalp and sphenoidal electrodes, using cable telemetry and a pdp-12 computer. the spike and shar ... | 1979 | 88339 |
| detection of adenovirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a solid-phase direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of adenovirus antigen in extracts of infected cells by using antihexon serum. results with simulated clinical specimens consisting of normal nasal wash specimens seeded with varying concentrations of adenovirus type 5 showed that antigen could be detected in extracts of hep-2 cell cultures inoculated with 10(2.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid50) and 10(1.5) tcid50 after 2 and 4 days of incub ... | 1979 | 88457 |
| characterization of functional fc-receptor material from human lymphoblastoid cell lines. ii. serologic and cellular analysis. | | 1979 | 88475 |
| a technique for investigating the antigenicity of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells. | antisera to rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial cells were prepared by: intraarticular injection of rabbits with these cells, subsequent synovectomy, and autologous immunization of each animal with the cultured rabbit synovial cells, or homogenized whole rabbit synovial membrane. resultant antisera were studied by immunofluorescence and 51chromium cytotoxicity tests against other cultured rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid cells. activity of positive sera could be removed by absorption with nonrheum ... | 1979 | 88519 |
| the influenza virus: antigenic composition and immune response. | the architecture and chemical composition of the influenza virus particle is described with particular reference to the protein constituents and their genetic control. the dominant role in infection of the surface proteins - haemagglutinins and neuraminidases - acting as antigens and undergoing variation in time known as antigenic drift and shift is explained. the immuno-diffusion technique has illuminated the interrelationships of the haemagglutinins of influenza a viruses recovered over long p ... | 1979 | 88726 |
| ultrastructural localization of calcium around the membrane of the surface connected system in the human platelet. | the localization of calcium in the membrane system of human platelets was determined by ultrahistochemical methods equipped with an electron probe x-ray microanalyzer. after potassium oxalate-glutaraldehyde treatment large amounts of electron opaque precipitates were observed around the membrane of the surface connected system. electron probe x-ray microanalysis clearly defined that the precipitates were composed of calcium oxalate. the localization of calcium on the membrane of the surface conn ... | 1978 | 96043 |
| an improved electrophoretic method for identifying antibiotics with special reference to animal tissues and animal feeding stuffs. | | 1978 | 97257 |
| guinea pig immunoglobulin light chain isotypes. i. separation of kappa and lambda chains and the identification of three isotypes of the lambda chain constant homology region. | the separation of intact kappa chain and two fragments comprising lambda (lambda) chain from immunoglobulin light chain pools isolated from strain 13 guinea pigs is achieved by cyanogen bromide digestion and gel filtration before and after reductive clevage of disulfide bonds. the smaller lambda chain fragment derives from the original carboxyl-terminus of lambda chain. the partial sequence of component tryptic and thermolytic peptides of this thirty-nine residue fragment allowed its complete se ... | 1978 | 103729 |
| binding of the ca2+,mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase of escherichia coli to phospholipid vesicles. | incubation of the ca2+,mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase of escherichia coli with phospholipid vesicles resulted in binding of the enzyme to the lipid. binding was observed with vesicles of soybean phospholipid (asolectin), phosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and cardiolpin. binding was not affected by alterations in ph in the range of ph 6.5 to 8.5, by ionic strength, or by the presence of mg2+. loss of the delta subunit from the enzyme had no effect on binding. ... | 1978 | 149587 |
| [intravenous cholangiography in hyperbilirubinaemia (author's transl)]. | the effect of bilirubin on biliary and renal excretion of methylglucamine-iodipamide at an infusion rate of 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mu mol/min/kg was studied by intravenous injection into five dogs with normal liver functions and chronic duodenal fistulas. unconjugated bilirubin administered in a dose of 0.1 mu mol/min/kg reduced biliary iodipamide excretion and concentration significantly, but did not affect renal contrast material excretion. this indicates that the unsatisficatory radiological result ... | 1979 | 153309 |
| sex specific oestrogen binding in the middle hypothalamus of rats. | | 1975 | 179802 |
| malignant transformation-linked imbalance: decreased xanthine oxidase activity in hepatomas. | xanthine oxidase was decreased 2- to 10-fold in all examined rat hepatomas irrespective of the malignancy; growth rate and degrees of histological differentiation of the neoplasms. the affinity to substrate (km=6-8 mum) and the ph optimum (8.0) of the liver and hepatoma enzymes were the same. the reprogramming of gene expression, as manifested in the decreased activity of this key purine metabolizing enzyme, appears to be specific to neoplastic transformation. since glutamine prpp amidotransfera ... | 1975 | 179860 |
| structural studies and physical maps for the herpes simplex virus genome. | | 1977 | 193820 |
| marek's disease lymphoma of chicken and its causative herpesvirus. | | 1979 | 228727 |
| effects of ccnu on hematopoiesis in rats. | the effect of orally administered ccnu on proliferating and cytokinetically "resting" bone marrow cells was studied in rats. the resting bone marrow cells were selectively labeled with 3h-thymidine by the "complete 3h-thymidine labeling method." the results show a reduction in the number of absolute bone marrow cells to about 40% of the original value in 3 days. regeneration was completed only after 22 days. no difference was found in the destructive or the regenerative pattern of cfu-c, myelopo ... | 1979 | 427820 |
| ehrlichia ewingii sp. nov., the etiologic agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | the 16s rrna gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from the blood of two dogs that were experimentally infected with the etiologic agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. the 16s rrna sequence was found to be unique when it was compared with the sequences of other members of the genus ehrlichia. the most closely related species were ehrlichia canis (98.0% related) and the human ehrlichiosis agent (ehrlichia chaffeensis) (98.1% related); all other species in the genus were found to be phyl ... | 1992 | 1581189 |
| lovastatin inhibits gallstone formation in the cholesterol-fed prairie dog. | the efficacy of lovastatin, an inhibitor of hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the prevention of cholesterol gallstone formation, was evaluated in the prairie dog model. two groups of animals were maintained on either nonlithogenic or 1.2% cholesterol-enriched chow for 21 days. seven of the animals in each group received lovastatin, and the remaining six received only distilled water. all of the cholesterol-fed/water-treated animals had crystals and 83% had gallstones, but none of the cholesterol- ... | 1991 | 1867522 |
| different gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mrnas are expressed in human liver and kidney. | in human, the two subunits of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) arise from a common precursor encoded by a multigene family. until now, a single specific coding sequence for this precursor (type i) has been identified in human placenta and liver. in the present study, we have isolated from a human kidney cdna library, a ggt specific clone (0.8 kb). the sequence of which (type ii) i) covers the carboxy terminal part of the ggt precursor, ii) exhibits 22 point mutations and a 30 bp deletion as c ... | 1989 | 2573352 |
| [evaluation of the anti-influenza vaccine in students from basic high school]. | the anti-influenza vaccine was applied to a group of 217 students of "batalla del jigüe" secondary school which was compared to a group inoculated with the vaccine placebo with the view to evaluate the results of vaccine protection against the flue, as well as to determine its secondary effects in an adolescent population. there was a significant difference in the immunologic response in favor of the vaccine group as compared to controls for both strains of the antigenic contents of the vaccine ... | 1989 | 2701186 |
| effect of ex vivo allograft irradiation combined with cyclosporine therapy in a pig intestinal transplant model. | | 1989 | 2705270 |
| the development of analytical models for human trypanosomiasis. | the idea of biological equilibria is presented and applied first to the case of single species populations. difference and differential descriptions of population changes over time are compared and contrasted. the complications that arise when describing interactions between species are then illustrated for the case of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria. a simple model for malaria is explored and later extended to the case of the african trypanosomiases where more than one vertebrate host sp ... | 1989 | 2802828 |
| duration of ischemia is vital for collateral development: repeated brief coronary artery occlusions in conscious dogs. | the effects of two types of repeated transient coronary artery occlusions on collateral development were examined in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs. a 2-minute coronary occlusion at 32-minute intervals (group 1, n = 11) or a 15-second occlusion at 4-minute intervals (group 2, n = 7) were repeated day and night without interruption. in both groups, the total duration of coronary occlusions each day was the same (90 minutes). before and after repetitive occlusions of either group, effect ... | 1989 | 2912600 |
| glucocorticoid receptor activation in isolated perfused rat hearts. | the formation of unactivated and activated glucocorticoid receptor complexes was studied in intact, isolated, perfused rat hearts in the presence of [3h]triamcinolone acetonide. receptor activation, as quantified by the dna-cellulose-binding assay, began to increase within 30 s of perfusion and reached a final steady-state level (t 1/2 = 4.6 min) with 46% of the steroid-receptor complexes bound to dna-cellulose. with the use of a linear potassium phosphate (kp) gradient (5-400 mm), unactivated r ... | 1989 | 2919654 |
| differential ontogeny of working memory and reference memory in the rat. | in two experiments we examined the ability of 15-, 21-, and 27-day-old rats to perform two spatial working memory problems (delayed alternation and discrete-trials delayed alternation) and a reference memory problem (position habit) in a t-maze. in the delayed alternation problem, each animal was presented with a series of free-choice trials and was rewarded for regularly alternating responses to the left and right arms of the t-maze. in the discrete-trials delayed alternation problem, each anim ... | 1989 | 2923681 |
| enzymatic cleavage of various fluorinated pyrimidine nucleosides to 5-fluorouracil and their antiproliferative activities in human and murine tumor cells. | | 1986 | 2951016 |
| prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies in thai blood donors. | antibodies to cytomegalovirus (cmv) were determined in thai blood donors using the complement fixation (cf) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a total of 203 voluntary blood donors, 181 males and 22 females, who came to the blood bank at siriraj hospital during february 1985, were investigated. their ages ranged from 17 to 53 years (mean 24.3 +/- 6.9). seventy-three out of 156 (46.8%) and 171 out of 203 (84.2%) sera were positive for cmv antibodies as detected by the cf test and ... | 1985 | 3000401 |
| ultracytochemical study of the stria vascularis of the guinea pig cochlea. | the localization of the k-nppase, alpase and mg-atpase activities in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig cochlea was ultracytochemically studied. the k-nppase reflecting the na-k-atpase activity was localized on the cytoplasmic side of the deeply infolded basolateral plasma membrane of the marginal cells. on the other hand, activities of alpase and mg-atpase were found in the intercellular spaces between the marginal and the intermediate or the basal cells. the surface of the stria vascularis ... | 1985 | 3002206 |
| molecular implications of ph (+) myelodysplastic syndrome. | we report a case of 62-year-old japanese male with a myelodysplastic syndrome (mds) with a philadelphia (ph) chromosome. cytogenetic analysis revealed the bone marrow cells to contain a ph chromosome due to t(?;11;22) (?;q11;q11), as well as -5, -7, +8, -12 and an extra ph, in addition to cells with a normal karyotype. molecular analysis using breakpoint cluster region probes (5' bcr and 3' bcr) did not detect a rearrangement within the bcr dna sequences, indicating that the breakpoint at 22q11 ... | 1988 | 3066168 |
| estrogenic control of spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase activity in rat uterus. | | 1988 | 3076330 |
| effect of thyroid status and paraventricular area lesions on the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and catecholamines into hypophysial portal blood. | trh is a potent stimulator of pituitary tsh release, but its function in the physiological regulation of thyroid activity is still controversial. the purpose of the present study was to investigate trh and catecholamine secretion into hypophysial portal blood of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats, and in rats bearing paraventricular area lesions. male rats were made hypothyroid with methimazole (0.05% in drinking water) or hyperthyroid by daily injections with t4 (10 micrograms/100 g bw). untreat ... | 1988 | 3133200 |
| clonorchiasis: an update. | the ability of clonorchis sinensis to cause severe hepatobiliary disease is illustrated by the case we have reported, in which biliary obstruction and hepatic fibrosis resulted from the pathologic process associated with chronic clonorchiasis. immunodiagnostic tests are currently limited, and diagnosis, as illustrated by our case, relies on identification of the fluke, usually as the adult or egg stage in clinical specimens. praziquantel has revolutionized therapy of this disease, but surgical d ... | 1987 | 3299730 |
| antibodies against mammary derived growth inhibitor (mdgi) react with a fibroblast growth inhibitor and with heart fatty acid binding protein. | a polypeptide growth inhibitor, designated as mammary derived growth inhibitor, has previously been purified from lactating bovine mammary glands. polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against mammary derived growth inhibitor cross-reacts with bovine heart fatty acid binding protein and bovine peripheral myelin p2 protein. these results are consistent with the observation that the amino acid sequence of mammary derived growth inhibitor showed homology to the sequences of these proteins. in a parall ... | 1987 | 3318832 |
| insulin stimulates ammoniagenesis in canine renal proximal tubular segments. | to characterize the effect of insulin on ammoniagenesis in renal proximal tubule, ammonia productions were measured in suspensions of canine renal proximal tubular segments incubated with 10 mm l-glutamine and varying concentrations of insulin. productions of ammonia were linear functions of time for 120 min. insulin (10(-6) m) increased ammonia production at 2 h by 34 +/- 5%. at the same time, gluconeogenesis, as measured by glucose production, was decreased by 16 +/- 2%. significant enhancemen ... | 1987 | 3322042 |
| [propofol in the surgery of the aortic bifurcation. comparison with isoflurane]. | two groups of nine patients each, all undergoing surgery for aorto-bifemoral prosthesis, were studied. they were premedicated with 10 mg morphine and 1 mg flunitrazepam. a swan-ganz catheter was then inserted. cardiac output was measured by thermodilution. haemodynamic parameters were measured before induction (t0), 15 min after intubation (t1), 10 min after the start of the surgical procedure (t2), 5 min before clamping the aorta (t3), whilst the aorta was clamped (t4), and a few minutes after ... | 1987 | 3498394 |
| kinetic analysis of lamb mutants suggests the signal sequence plays multiple roles in protein export. | we have developed a quantitative assay to measure the rate of processing of precursor lamb into mature protein and have used this assay to characterize 10 previously isolated and 3 new lamb signal sequence mutants. the data suggest that the lamb signal sequence serves a complex function. our assay has revealed five types of signal sequence defect: 1) a strong kinetic defect resulting from alteration of the secondary structure in the putative alpha-helical region in the hydrophobic core, 2) a str ... | 1986 | 3533933 |
| directional sensitivity of, and neck afferent input to, cervical and lumbar interneurons modulated by neck rotation. | in response to neck rotation of decerebrate, acutely labyrinthectomized cats, interneurons in c4 respond far more frequently to nose-up than to nose down pitch, whereas the reverse is true for interneurons in l3-l4. these directional sensitivities resemble the pattern of extensor excitation in the tonic neck reflex. c4 neurons receiving short latency excitation from the c2 dorsal root ganglion due to intraspinal pathways have a distribution of directional sensitivities to pitch stimuli that is s ... | 1986 | 3697711 |
| a comparison of the effects of climbing fiber deafferentation in adult and weanling rats. | the climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex was destroyed using both electrolytic and chemical (3-acetylpyridine) lesions. the long-term effects of climbing fiber deafferentation on the ansiform lobule of weanling and adult rats were examined at both the light and electron microscopic levels. image analysis of golgi-impregnated purkinje cells indicated a significantly lower number of smooth branches and spiny branchlets following climbing fiber deafferentation of both adult and weanling ra ... | 1986 | 3768690 |
| charge recombination kinetics as a probe of protonation of the primary acceptor in photosynthetic reaction centers. | the kinetics of the charge recombination d+qa-----dqa was used to probe the protonation of the primary acceptor in reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, in which the native ubiquinone was replaced by anthraquinone. we found that qa- is stabilized by the rapid (t less than 10(-2) s) binding of a proton, with a pk of 9.8. the distance between qa- and the proton binding site was estimated to be larger than approximately 5 a. | 1985 | 3907729 |
| peritubular protein modulates neutral active nacl absorption in rabbit proximal convoluted tubule. | to assess directly the effect of increasing and decreasing peritubular protein concentration on active nacl absorption, rabbit proximal convoluted tubules were perfused with a high-chloride solution simulating late proximal tubular fluid and bathed in a similar solution containing 0, 6, or 10 g/dl albumin. a direct examination of the active component of nacl absorption was ensured by 1) the reduction of luminal solutes other than nacl (no glucose or alanine and only 5 mm hco-3), and 2) the use o ... | 1985 | 4003554 |
| [biological characteristics of the variants of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae formed during continuous culture]. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae s. variants formed during continuous cultivation differ from the parent culture in certain properties. in contrast to the parent r form, their growth in the chemostat does not yield virulent mutants which can cause their lysis on solid media. the chemostat s forms are resistant against virulent phage mutants produced when the r variants are grown under the conditions of continuous cultivation and against a virulent phage obtained from the parent culture 69 ... | 1985 | 4058330 |
| differences in regeneration of the prostate after cryoprostatectomy, fulguration and excision. | | 1970 | 4099483 |
| change of cardiac rhythm in the rabbit after an atrial premature beat. | | 1969 | 4180946 |
| vitamin a-induced nonspecific resistance to infection. | | 1974 | 4207311 |
| increased diamine oxidase activity in the intestinal lymph of rats on fat ingestion. | | 1974 | 4212082 |
| [mechanism of the positive ionotropic action of theophylline on the mamalian heart. i. influence of extracellular ca, na and k concentrations and of reserpine]. | | 1971 | 4257640 |
| microbiological aspects of radiopasteurized chicken. nyo-3733-6. | | 1969 | 4313244 |
| cholinergic activity in rats following enriched stimulation and training: direction and duration of effects. | | 1971 | 4326332 |
| role of herpesviruses in malignant lymphoma in rabbits. | | 1972 | 4351372 |
| role of herpesviruses in malignant lymphoma in rabbits. | | 1972 | 4351372 |
| binding of spin-labeled local anesthetics to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine liposomes. | | 1974 | 4369807 |
| a study on iraqi date extract: "dibis" as substrate for mycological fat production. | | 1972 | 4560673 |
| morphine and meperidine on bulbospinal inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex. | | 1973 | 4709196 |
| corticosteroids and the initiation of parturition in the human. | | 1973 | 4761219 |
| [substances contained in fermentation broth of streptomycin-producing organism act. streptomycini]. | | 1973 | 4776404 |
| characterization of ehrlichial organisms isolated from a wild mouse. | an infectious agent was isolated from the enlarged spleen of a wild mouse, eothenomys kageus, by intraperitoneal inoculation of the spleen homogenate into laboratory mice. the laboratory mice developed splenomegaly, and the agent was maintained by serial passage of spleen homogenates in laboratory mice. the agent in the spleen homogenate was inactivated after incubation at 37 or 50 degrees c. tetracyclines were effective in preventing infection of mice with this agent, but penicillin and sulfona ... | 1993 | 8380184 |
| geographic, clinical, serologic, and molecular evidence of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, a likely zoonotic disease, in minnesota and wisconsin dogs. | seventeen minnesota and wisconsin dogs with granulocytic ehrlichosis were studied. the diagnoses were made by finding ehrlichia morulae in peripheral blood neutrophils. eight dogs were studied retrospectively, and nine dogs were studied prospectively. the medical records of all dogs were reviewed. eighty-eight percent of the dogs were purebred and 76% were spayed females. the median age was 8 years. sixty-five percent of the cases were diagnosed in october and november. fever and lethargy were t ... | 1996 | 8748270 |
| evaluation of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 3 (msp3) as a diagnostic test antigen. | an immunodominant surface protein, major surface protein 3 (msp3), has been proposed as an antigen suitable for use in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis. we further characterized msp3 to examine its potential as a test antigen for the serological diagnosis of carrier cattle. the specificity of this antigen in detecting infected cattle as well as the conservation of msp3 between strains of anaplasma marginale was evaluated by using immunoblots of a. marginale proteins separated by one- and two ... | 1996 | 8788999 |
| granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs from north carolina and virginia. | medical records of 3 dogs from north carolina and 3 dogs from virginia with ehrlichial morulae in circulating neutrophils were studied retrospectively. two clinically distinct disease syndromes, including chronic, moderate to severe anemia (n = 3) and polyarthritis (n = 2) were associated with canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (cge) in these dogs. one dog was clinically healthy, and abnormalities were not detected during physical examination. clinical signs were nonspecific and included fever, le ... | 1998 | 9560760 |
| sequential evaluation of dogs naturally infected with ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia equi, ehrlichia ewingii, or bartonella vinsonii. | historically, disease manifestations in dogs seroreactive to ehrlichia canis antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing have been attributed to infection with either e. canis or ehrlichia ewingii. a 1996 study by dawson and colleagues provided pcr evidence that healthy dogs from southeastern virginia could be naturally infected with ehrlichia chaffeensis. this observation stimulated us to determine which ehrlichia spp. infected sick dogs that were referred to our hospital from the s ... | 1998 | 9705408 |
| a molecular and serologic survey of ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, and e. ewingii in dogs and ticks from oklahoma. | polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization were used to survey for the presence of ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ehrlichia ewingii in blood samples of 65 dogs that harbored ticks from northcentral and northeastern oklahoma. dog blood samples were also examined for antibodies against e. canis and e. chaffeensis, using an immunofluorescent antibody test. ten of 65 dogs (15.4%) examined were positive for ehrlichia spp. by pcr. four (6.2%) were positive for e. ewingii, 2 (3.1 ... | 1998 | 9831955 |
| ehrlichia ewingii, a newly recognized agent of human ehrlichiosis. | human ehrlichiosis is a recently recognized tick-borne infection. four species infect humans: ehrlichia chaffeensis, e. sennetsu, e. canis, and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1999 | 10403852 |
| coinfection with multiple tick-borne pathogens in a walker hound kennel in north carolina. | both dogs and humans can be coinfected with various ehrlichia, bartonella, rickettsia, and babesia species. we investigated a kennel of sick walker hounds and their owners in southeastern north carolina for evidence of tick-borne infections and associated risk factors. a high degree of coinfection was documented in the dog population. of the 27 dogs, 26 were seroreactive to an ehrlichia sp., 16 to babesia canis, and 25 to bartonella vinsonii, and 22 seroconverted to rickettsia rickettsii antigen ... | 1999 | 10405413 |
| pcr amplification and phylogenetic analysis of groesl operon sequences from ehrlichia ewingii and ehrlichia muris. | broad-range pcr primers were used to amplify part of the groesl operon of the canine pathogen ehrlichia ewingii, recently recognized as a human pathogen, and the murine pathogen ehrlichia muris. phylogenetic analysis supported the relationships among ehrlichia species previously determined by comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences. these sequences provide additional pcr targets for species for which few gene sequences have been determined. | 2000 | 10878077 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia ewingii in amblyomma americanum in north carolina. | | 2000 | 10979750 |
| phylogenetic relationships of anaplasma marginale and 'ehrlichia platys' to other ehrlichia species determined by groel amino acid sequences. | the heat-shock protein (groel) genes of anaplasma marginale, ehrlichia muris and 'ehrlichia platys' were sequenced and compared with the groel of other species of ehrlichia. the groel amino acid sequences of a. marginale and 'e. platys' were most similar to the groel sequence of ehrlichia phagocytophila, with which they formed one group with 6-10% divergence. the e. muris groel was most closely related to the groel of two unclassified strains (hf-565 and anan), then to ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehr ... | 2001 | 11414267 |
| infections with ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the clinical course and laboratory evaluation of 21 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and ehrlichia chaffeensis or ehrlichia ewingii are reviewed and summarized, including 13 cases of ehrlichiosis caused by e. chaffeensis, 4 caused by e. ewingii, and 4 caused by either e. chaffeensis or e. ewingii. twenty patients were male, and the median cd4(+) t lymphocyte count was 137 cells/microl. exposures to infecting ticks were linked to recreational pursuits, occupations, and ... | 2001 | 11568857 |
| aortic valve endocarditis in a dog due to bartonella clarridgeiae. | we report the first documented case of endocarditis associated with bartonella clarridgeiae in any species. b. clarridgeiae was identified as a possible etiological agent of human cat scratch disease. infective vegetative valvular aortic endocarditis was diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old male neutered boxer. historically, the dog had been diagnosed with a systolic murmur at 16 months of age and underwent balloon valvuloplasty for severe valvular aortic stenosis. six months later, the dog was brought t ... | 2001 | 11574571 |
| identification of a p28 gene in ehrlichia ewingii: evaluation of gene for use as a target for a species-specific pcr diagnostic assay. | pcr was used to amplify a 537-bp region of an ehrlichia ewingii gene encoding a homologue of the 28-kda major antigenic protein (p28) of ehrlichia chaffeensis. the e. ewingii p28 gene homologue was amplified from dna extracted from whole blood obtained from four humans and one canine with confirmed cases of infection. sequencing of the pcr products (505 bp) revealed a partial gene with homology to outer membrane protein genes from ehrlichia and cowdria spp.: p30 of ehrlichia canis (< or =71.3%), ... | 2001 | 11682500 |
| tissue diagnosis of ehrlichia chaffeensis in patients with fatal ehrlichiosis by use of immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. | in the united states, human ehrlichiosis is a complex of emerging tick-borne diseases caused by 3 distinct ehrlichia species: ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and the human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis agent. ehrlichioses are characterized by a mild to severe illness, and approximately 4% of cases are fatal. because these obligate intracellular bacteria are difficult to resolve with routine histologic techniques, their distribution in tissues has not been well described. to facilitate ... | 2001 | 11716122 |
| ehrlichia ewingii infection in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | two closely related zoonotic ehrlichiae, ehrlichia chaffeensis and e. ewingii, are transmitted by amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick. because white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are critical hosts for all mobile stages of a. americanum and are important vertebrate reservoirs of e. chaffeensis, we investigated whether deer may be infected with e. ewingii, a cause of granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis in humans and dogs. to test for e. ewingii infection, we used polymerase chain reaction ... | 2002 | 12095432 |
| the ascendancy of amblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the united states. | until the 1990s, amblyomma americanum was regarded primarily as a nuisance species, but a tick of minor importance as a vector of zoonotic pathogens affecting humans. with the recent discoveries of ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and "borrelia lonestari," the public health relevance of lone star ticks is no longer in question. during the next 25 years, the number of cases of human disease caused by a. americanum-associated pathogens will probably increase. based on current trajectories ... | 2003 | 12414740 |
| detection of ehrlichia spp. in the blood of wild white-tailed deer in missouri by pcr assay and serologic analysis. | blood samples collected from wild deer in missouri in november of 2000 and 2001 were positive by pcr assays for ehrlichia chaffeensis (50 of 217; 23%), ehrlichia ewingii (44 of 217; 20%), and anaplasma species (214 of 217; 99%). nucleotide sequences of selected amplicons from the assay for anaplasma matched sequences of the white-tailed deer agent. serologic analysis of 112 deer sampled in 2000 showed a very high prevalence of antibodies to e. chaffeensis (97 of 112; 87%) and a low prevalence of ... | 2003 | 12624063 |
| infection rates of amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis by ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii in southwest missouri. | both ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are causative agents of human ehrlichiosis. both pathogens are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected lone star tick (amblyomma americanum). since missouri has a high incidence of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, we investigated the prevalence of e. chaffeensis- and e. ewingii-infected a. americanum and dermacentor variabilis (american dog tick) ticks to help assess the relative risk for humans exposed to these vectors. we used a neste ... | 2002 | 12653298 |
| molecular identification of ehrlichia ewingii infection in dogs: 15 cases (1997-2001). | to determine historical, physical examination, hematologic, and serologic findings in dogs with ehrlichia ewingii infection. | 2003 | 12710774 |
| predominance of ehrlichia ewingii in missouri dogs. | to investigate the species distribution of ehrlichia present in missouri dogs, we tested 78 dogs suspected of having acute ehrlichiosis and 10 healthy dogs. blood from each dog was screened with a broad-range 16s rrna gene pcr assay that detects known pathogenic species of ehrlichia and anaplasma: the species was determined by using species-specific pcr assays and nucleotide sequencing. ehrlichia antibody testing was performed by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay with ehrlichia chaffeen ... | 2003 | 14532192 |
| the pcs20 pcr assay for ehrlichia ruminantium does not cross-react with the novel deer ehrlichial agent found in white-tailed deer in the united states of america. | white-tailed deer are susceptible to heartwater (ehrlichia [cowdria] ruminantium infection) and are likely to suffer high mortality if the disease spreads to the united states. it is vital, therefore, to validate a highly specific and sensitive detection method for e. ruminantium infection that can be reliably used in testing white-tailed deer, which are reservoirs of antigenically or genetically related agents such as ehrlichia chaffeensis, anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophilum (hge agent) and ... | 2004 | 15373331 |
| molecular and serologic evidence of tick-borne ehrlichiae in three species of lemurs from st. catherines island, georgia, usa. | in recent years, several species of ehrlichiae have been recognized as tick-borne disease agents of veterinary and medical importance. clinically normal free-ranging or previously free-ranging lemurs, including 46 ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta), six blue-eyed black lemurs (eulemur macaco flavifrons), and four black and white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) from st. catherines island, georgia, were tested for evidence of exposure to tick-borne ehrlichiae. all 52 adult lemurs were se ... | 2004 | 15732591 |
| tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses. | between 1984 and 2004, nine more species or subspecies of spotted fever rickettsiae were identified as emerging agents of tick-borne rickettsioses throughout the world. six of these species had first been isolated from ticks and later found to be pathogenic to humans. the most recent example is rickettsia parkeri, recognized as a human pathogen more than 60 years after its initial isolation from ticks. a new spotted fever rickettsia, r. felis was also found to be associated with fleas and to be ... | 2005 | 15845235 |
| multiplex detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma species pathogens in peripheral blood by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | tick-borne infections are responsible for many emerging diseases in humans and several vertebrates. these include human infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ehrlichia ewingii. because single or co-infections can result from tick bites, the availability of a rapid, multiplex molecular test will be valuable for timely diagnosis and treatment. here, we describe a multiplex molecular test that can detect single or co-infections with up to five ehrlichia and anaplasma ... | 2005 | 15858156 |
| ehrlichial infection in cameroonian canines by ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia ewingii. | ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are agents of emerging human ehrlichioses in north america and are transmitted primarily by amblyomma americanum ticks, while ehrlichia canis is the globally distributed cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and is transmitted by the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. although e. canis and ehrlichia ruminantium are endemic in africa, the presence of ehrlichial agents in dogs and ticks in cameroon has not been investigated. the objective o ... | 2005 | 16181750 |
| detection of medically important ehrlichia by quantitative multicolor taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction of the dsb gene. | ehrlichia species are the etiological agents of emerging and life-threatening tick-borne human zoonoses, in addition to causing serious and fatal infections in companion animals and livestock. we developed the first tricolor taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction assay capable of simultaneously detecting and discriminating medically important ehrlichiae in a single reaction. analytical sensitivity of 50 copies per reaction was attained with templates from ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewi ... | 2005 | 16237220 |
| a real-time combined polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ehrlichia ewingii. | a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay capable of the simultaneous detection and differentiation of anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ehrlichia ewingii was developed using the lightcyclertrade mark instrument (roche applied sciences, indianapolis, in). the assay targets the operon groel of the heat shock protein. base pair mismatches in amplified dna in regions of detection probe hybridization allowed organism differentiation by melting curve analysis. the an ... | 2005 | 16263231 |
| analysis of ehrlichial p28 gene expression in a murine model of persistent infection. | historically, ehrlichioses were tick-borne diseases of veterinary medical importance and are now important emerging infectious diseases in humans. p28s are encoded by multigene families with orfs tandemly arranged with intergenic spaces of variable lengths. we reported initial sequencing of the ehrlichia muris p28 locus. a model of persistent infection was described and provided tools for study of persistent ehrlichial infection. we completed the sequence of the e. muris p28 locus and examined m ... | 2005 | 16481552 |
| ehrlichia infection of the central nervous system. | ehrlichiosis in the united states is caused by three closely related bacterial species (ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum), all transmitted through tick bite. although there is variation with respect to geography and tick vector, the clinical manifestations are similar, and treatment of these infections is identical. ehrlichiosis can present with a spectrum of neurologic manifestations, ranging in severity from headache to meningoencephalitis. treatment is s ... | 2006 | 16569376 |
| detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in brazilian marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus). | ehrlichia chaffeensis was detected for the first time in blood samples from brazilian marsh deers (blastocerus dichotomus) captured in the marshes of parana river in southeast brazil in 1998. seven edta-blood samples from deers were analyzed by pcr and nested pcr for presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, ehrlichia canis, neoriickettsia risticii, anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale. three samples showed positive reactions for e. chaffeensis and anaplasma marginale. n ... | 2006 | 16621285 |
| tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in korea. | in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (hemaphysalis spp. and ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the republic of korea (rok) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). from the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), anaplasm ... | 2006 | 16957192 |
| multiplex detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma pathogens in vertebrate and tick hosts by real-time rt-pcr. | tick-borne rickettsial infections are responsible for many emerging diseases in humans and several vertebrates. these include human infections with ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii and anaplasma phagocytophilum. as single or co-infections can result from a tick bite, the availability of a rapid, multiplex molecular test will be valuable for timely diagnosis and treatment. we recently described a muliplex-molecular test that can detect single or co-infections with up to five ehrlichia and ... | 2006 | 17114775 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia, borrelia, and rickettsial agents in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) collected from nine states. | ambyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) is an aggressive tick that feeds on humans during all postembryonic life stages. in many regions of the united states, it is the tick most commonly found attached to humans. public health interest has grown recently, due to the recognition of new human pathogens transmitted by a. americanum and the expanding distribution of the tick. a. americanum is a vector of several bacteria pathogenic to humans. ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii cause mod ... | 2006 | 17162962 |
| transmission of bacterial agents from lone star ticks to white-tailed deer. | amblyomma americanum (l.), the lone star tick, is an aggressive ixodid tick that has been implicated as a vector for several bacteria. among these bacteria are the disease agents ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii, and the putative disease agent "borrelia lonestari." the hypothesis in this study was that wild lone star ticks from northeastern georgia are capable of transmitting all three agents to white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, a known reservoir host for e. chaffeensis. in t ... | 2007 | 17547234 |
| ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. | human ehrlichioses are emerging tickborne infections. "human ehrlichiosis" describes infections with at least 5 separate obligate intracellular bacteria in 3 genera in the family anaplasmataceae. since 1986, these agents and infections (human monocytic ehrlichiosis [hme], caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis [hga], caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum; and human ewingii ehrlichiosis, caused by ehrlichia ewingii) are the causes of most human ehrlichioses. their prevalen ... | 2007 | 17582569 |
| ehrlichia species in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in cameroon. | ehrlichia and anaplasma species are tick-transmitted obligately intracellular bacteria that commonly cause disease in dogs worldwide. in addition to causing disease in canines, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum are responsible for emerging and life-threatening human zoonoses in the united states. we previously reported a high prevalence of e. canis infection in cameroonian dogs based on serologic and molecular evidence. this study was undertaken to determine ... | 2007 | 17627442 |
| ecological havoc, the rise of white-tailed deer, and the emergence of amblyomma americanum-associated zoonoses in the united states. | two infectious diseases, and one presumably infectious disease, each vectored by or associated with the bite of the lone star tick (amblyomma americanum), were identified and characterized by clinicians and scientists in the united states during the 1980s and 1990s. these three conditions-human monocytic (or monocytotropic) ehrlichiosis (hme), ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis, and southern tick-associated rash illness (stari)-undoubtedly existed in the united states prior to this time. however, th ... | 2007 | 17848069 |
| surveillance for zoonotic vector-borne infections using sick dogs from southeastern brazil. | for many vector-borne organisms, dogs can be used as sentinels to estimate the risk of human infection. the objective of this study was to use dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne organisms in order to evaluate the potential for human infection with these agents in southeastern brazil. blood from 198 sick dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were selected at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu and tested for ... | 2007 | 18021025 |
| identification of 19 polymorphic major outer membrane protein genes and their immunogenic peptides in ehrlichia ewingii for use in a serodiagnostic assay. | ehrlichia ewingii, a tick-transmitted rickettsia previously known only as a canine pathogen, was recently recognized as a human pathogen. e. ewingii has yet to be cultivated, and there is no serologic test available to diagnose e. ewingii infection. previously, a fragment (505 bp) of a single e. ewingii gene homologous to 1 of 22 genes encoding ehrlichia chaffeensis immunodominant major outer membrane proteins 1 (omp-1s)/p28s was identified. the purposes of the present study were to (i) determin ... | 2008 | 18094116 |
| rickettsia amblyommii infecting amblyomma americanum larvae. | polymerase chain reaction analysis of amblyomma americanum adults, nymphs, and larvae from aberdeen proving ground, md (apg), revealed a very high prevalence of a spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequence analysis identified "rickettsia amblyommii." this organism is not yet described or well studied, and its pathogenicity is unknown; however, investigations of the organism are warranted because of its high prevalence in a. americanum. this ... | 2008 | 18171102 |