| a study of idiotypic suppression in adult rabbits immunized with salmonella abortus-equi. | it is possible to induce idiotypic suppression in adult rabbits immunized with salmonella abortus-equi (s.a.e.). ten months after priming we injected the rabbit with anti-idiotypic serum prepared against its own antibodies to s.a.e. and, 3 weeks later, gave it a booster injection of bacteria. a new anti-idiotypic serum was preparedwith the serum to s.a.e. collected after this boost and was used for the following isiotypic suppression attempt made 10 months after the first one. using this proc ... | 1975 | 50283 |
| allotypic and idiotypic specificities of anti-salmonella abortus-equi antibodies produced by rabbits subjected to successive irradiations. | | 1978 | 103807 |
| spectrophotometry as a tool for assaying endotoxins. | a spectrophotometric method is reported for assaying endotoxins over a wide concentration range, including low parts per billion levels. five solution of endotoxins. escherichia coli 0127:b8, escherichia coli 055:b5, salmonella abortus-equi, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella flexneri, were examined. each exhibited an absorption maximum at 259 nm, but the absorptivities differed in each case. thus, rigorous quantification requires that the identity of the endotoxin be known. the uv absorbance ... | 1977 | 327056 |
| attachment to erythrocytes of uniform salt forms of lipopolysaccharides from salmonella abortus-equi and its inhibition by various animal sera. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) readily attach to erythrocyte membranes in vitro, resulting in hemagglutination in the presence of the homologous bacterial antibodies. the attachment of lps to red blood cells can be prevented by certain, but not all, animal sera. in this study, the attachment of uniform salt forms of lps from salmonella abortus-equi to erythrocytes from various animal species was investigated. the uniform salt preparations were significantly more active than the starting material. sim ... | 1979 | 422223 |
| preparation and properties of a standardized lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi (novo-pyrexal). | the paper describes the preparation of the lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi as obtained by standardized methods. the include the extraction with pehnol/water followed by phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether extraction, ultra-centrifugation, electrodialysis and conversion to the uniform sodium salt form. chemical composition and physico chemical properties are described. the preparation, which is free from contaminants, was tested for local shwartzman reactivity, pyrogenicity, lethal ... | 1979 | 452765 |
| the binding of activated c3 to polysaccharides and immunoglobulins. | the nature of the acceptors for activated c3 present on immunoglobulins was studied by using the fixation of c3 to sepharose beads after activation with trypsin as a model system. c3 fixation to sepharose is a property exclusively linked to the short active state of c3. this binding could be inhibited by various carbohydrates and their affinity for c3 was calculated from the extent of the inhibition of the binding of c3 to sepharose. mono-, di-tri- and tetrasaccharides showed on a molar basis an ... | 1978 | 722084 |
| certain chemical and biological properties of phenol extracts from listeria monocytogenes. | a toxic component obtained by phenol extraction of listeria monocytogenes 9-125 was found to have a molecular weight of about 2 x 10(6). this material was composed of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, phosphorus, and a component resembling 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate. infrared spectrums indicated that similarities existed between this material and salmonella abortus-equi lipopolysaccharide. mild acid hydrolysis produced water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. sheep erythrocytes sensitized with aqueo ... | 1976 | 824986 |
| [allotypic and idiotypic specificities of anti-salmonella abortus-equi antibodies produced in rabbits with successive sublethal irradiation]. | | 1977 | 848872 |
| biological and physicochemical properties of the lipopolysaccharide of chromatium vinosum. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chromatium vinosum has anticomplementary activity. this anticomplementary activity is destroyed by alkaline digestion of the lps and is suppressed by both mg2+ and ca2+ ions. treatment of the lps with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium deoxycholate, or dimethyl sulfoxide did not affect its toxicity toward mice; however, alkaline-treated lps was not toxic. treatment of the lps with sodium deoxycholate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in ... | 1977 | 892903 |
| isolation and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of chromatium vinosum. | lipolysaccharide was isolated from chromatium vinosum by phenol/water extraction. the lipopolysaccharide is found exclusively in the phenol phase and can be cleaved into a sugar moiety and a lipid a fraction by hydrolysis in 10% acetic acid at 100 degrees c for 3-4 h. the sugar moiety contains the neutral sugars 3-o-methyl-d-ribose, d-ribose, l-arabinose, mannosamine and glucose, and smaller quantities of d-rhamnose, d-glycero-d-manno-heptose (tentatively identified), quinovosamine and 2-keto-3- ... | 1976 | 976262 |
| idiotypic specificities of rabbit anti-salmonella abortus-equi antibodies produced by spleen cell clones involved in successive transfers in irradiated rabbits. | rabbits irradiated with 750 rad were reconstituted with different amounts of spleen cells from the same donor previously immunized against salmonella abortus-equi (s. a. e.). two limited numbers of spleen cell clones producing anti-s. a. e. antibodies were respectively expressed in two recipients of the smallest amount (5 x 10(6)) of donor spleen cells. we tried to propagate these spleen cell clones in two new sets of irradiated recipients. we prepared antiidiotypic sera with the anti-s. a. e. s ... | 1976 | 986788 |
| bactericidal and opsonic activities of normal sheep serum against gram-negative bacteria. | the bactericidal and opsonic activities of normal sheep serum against 9 smooth and 4 rough strains of gram-negative bacteria were measured. three smooth strains-escherichia coli 3662, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella gallinarum-were resistant to the bactericidal action of normal sheep serum with or without complement. six smooth strains-e coli o78:k80(b), salmonella arizonae, proteus inconstans, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella stanley, and salmonella abortus-equi-were moderately sensitiv ... | 1975 | 1098532 |
| prostaglandins, endotoxin and lipid a on body temperature in rats. | 1. in unanaesthetized restrained rats kept at an ambient temperature of 21-23degrees c, rectal temperature was continuously monitored and the temperature effects of injections of prostaglandins, endotoxin from salmonella abortus equi, lipid a, and antipyretics were examined. 2. fever occurred when prostaglandin e1, e2, f1alpha or f2alpha (pge1, pge2, pgf1alpha, pgf2alpha) was injected into the cerebral ventricles in doses of 200 ng and 2 mug. pge2 was the most potent prostaglandin followed in de ... | 1975 | 1177107 |
| endotoxin tolerance: regulation of cytokine production and cellular changes in response to endotoxin application in cancer patients. | endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) has the property of inducing tolerance to its own biological effects. this phenomenon has been extensively studied in animal models but only few studies exist on the regulation in humans. here we describe experiments designed to determine the cytokine regulation and cellular changes in humans during induction of lps tolerance after repeated lps injections. intravenous administration of purified lps salmonella abortus equi to cancer patients induces high amount ... | 1992 | 1284277 |
| the role of macrophages in the uptake of endotoxin by the mouse liver. | the purpose of this investigation was to analyse the macrophage subpopulations involved in the uptake of endotoxin in the liver. the results show that in normal b10.d2 mice the liver macrophages constitute a heterogeneous population of cells which, depending on their state of differentiation, are distinguished by their differential distribution in the liver acinus and by their ability to phagocytose latex. following the intravenous administration of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide = lps) from salm ... | 1992 | 1348896 |
| electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus attenuates pyrogen fever in the rabbit. | arginine vasopressin (avp) perfused within the ventral septal area (vsa) suppresses fever normally evoked by pyrogenic substances, including salmonella abortus equi (sae). neurons containing avp and located within the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) or the nearby bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bnst) are believed to have projections to this septal region. a series of experiments was undertaken to determine whether electrical stimulation of these areas, which might be expected to cause the rel ... | 1992 | 1393574 |
| monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor--alpha prevents lethal endotoxin sepsis in adult rhesus monkeys. | in a rhesus monkey endotoxin sepsis model established by intravenous administration of 300 mg/kg d-galactosamine and 0.1 microgram/kg lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi, hemodynamic, respiratory, metabolic and hematologic variables; levels of blood gases; monkey leukocyte elastase levels, and blood plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor--alpha (tnf) were monitored for 6 hours after administration, and again after 24 hours. thirty minutes after administration of lipopolysacch ... | 1992 | 1402333 |
| induction of circulating phospholipase a2 activity by intravenous infusion of endotoxin in patients with neoplasia. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of repeated intravenous infusions of endotoxin (en) in patients with cancer on the systemic release of extracellular proinflammatory phospholipase a2 (pla2) and its relationship to the release of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin-6 (il-6). six patients received 15 infusion of en isolated from salmonella abortus equi at a dose of 4 ng/kg. marked increase in the activity of circulating pla2 was noted within 3 h after the first en infus ... | 1992 | 1477075 |
| the effect of endotoxin on preirradiated mice. | adult male mice were given a whole body irradiation with non-lethal doses of 2.5 or 5 gy. unirradiated animals served as controls. the animals (including controls) received a single injection of endotoxin (lps from salmonella abortus equi) with doses of 100, 200 or 400 micrograms one day up to one year after irradiation. twelve, 24 or 48 hours after lipopolysaccharide (lps) application the animals were killed and dissected. animals which died spontaneously were also examined. liver, lung, kidney ... | 1992 | 1481122 |
| succinylated lipid a is a potent and specific inhibitor of endotoxin mitogenicity. | chemically modified lipopolysaccharides of salmonella abortus-equi were tested for mitogenicity on mouse spleen cells as well as antagonism of the mitogenicity of intact lipopolysaccharide (lps). all the lipopolysaccharide preparations deacylated by different alkaline treatments suffered a drastic loss of mitogenicity. the mitogenic activity of lipid a was also lost when succinic residues were introduced on hydroxyl groups. partially deacylated alkaline-treated preparations (but not completely d ... | 1992 | 1487722 |
| fever in young lambs: carotid denervation alters the febrile response to a small dose of bacterial pyrogen. | experiments were done on 13 young lambs to determine if carotid denervation influences the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to i.v. administration of bacterial pyrogen [salmonella abortus equi (sae) 0.3 micrograms]. each lamb was anesthetized with halothane and prepared for measurements of cardiac output, arterial and mixed venous oxygen saturations, and body core temperature. no sooner than 3 d after surgery, measurements were made during a control period and at 10-min intervals for 120 m ... | 1992 | 1542536 |
| inhibition of endotoxin or lipid a-induced tumor necrosis factor production by synthetic lipid a partial structures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | most of the toxic reactions during gram-negative infections are mediated by inflammatory cytokines induced by endotoxin, also termed lipopolysaccharide (lps). to evaluate the possibility of synthetic derivatives of lps to antagonize endotoxin-mediated activities, we have examined the effect of synthetic lipid a partial structures, precursor ia (compound 406 or la-14-pp) and lipid x (compound 401) on in vitro lps or lipid a-induced release of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) by human peripheral blood ... | 1992 | 1576244 |
| fever in young lambs: hypoxemia alters the febrile response to a small dose of bacterial pyrogen. | experiments were done on eight young lambs to investigate the effects of hypoxemia on the body temperature, metabolic and cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of a small dose of bacterial pyrogen (0.3 micrograms lipopolysaccharide extracted from salmonella abortus equi; sae). each lamb was anaesthetized with halothane and prepared for sleep staging and measurements of cardiac output, arterial and mixed-venous haemoglobin oxygen saturations, body-core and ear-skin temperatures. ... | 1992 | 1645013 |
| hypertonic saline dextran resuscitation during the initial phase of acute endotoxemia: effect on regional blood flow. | small-volume resuscitation by means of bolus application of hypertonic saline solutions has been demonstrated to restore central hemodynamics and regional blood flow in severe hemorrhagic and traumatic shock. the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential of this new concept for treatment of profound hypovolemia and microcirculatory deterioration associated with sepsis and endotoxic shock. in a porcine model of acute hyperdynamic endotoxemia (elicited by continuous iv infusion of salmonell ... | 1991 | 1711432 |
| treatment of cancer patients with endotoxin induces release of endogenous cytokines. | this study sought to determine whether endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-6 (il-6) and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) were detectable in sera of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-treated cancer patients. twenty patients received an intravenous bolus of purified lps from salmonella abortus-equi (4.0 ng/kg). patients were pretreated with ibuprofen (1,600 mg) to prevent constitutional side effects like fever and chills. serum tnf-alpha levels increased from less t ... | 1991 | 1715715 |
| analysis of lps released from salmonella abortus equi in human serum. | we investigated in which form lipopolysaccharide (lps) is released from live bacteria incubated with human serum and whether the released lps can interact with high density lipoprotein (hdl), the main transport protein for purified lps in circulation. live biotinylated salmonella abortus equi bacteria were incubated with fresh serum (37 degrees c; 2 h). the released lps was isolated by immunoprecipitation or immunoabsorption using specific anti-o antibodies. it was analysed and compared with pur ... | 1991 | 1716342 |
| modulating activity of interferon-gamma on endotoxin-induced cytokine production in cancer patients. | intravenous (iv) administration of purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella abortus equi to cancer patients induces the formation of high amounts of endogenous cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-6 (il-6). on repeated administration of lps at 2-week intervals, a marked downregulation of the cytokine response was observed, especially between the first and the second challenge. this study sought to determine whether it would be possible to prevent thi ... | 1991 | 1720701 |
| neutrophil-induced liver cell injury in endotoxin shock is a cd11b/cd18-dependent mechanism. | to investigate the role of neutrophils (pmns) and pmn-dependent adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of liver injury in a model of endotoxin shock, male icr mice received a dose of 700 mg/kg galactosamine and 100 micrograms/kg salmonella abortus equi endotoxin. pmns accumulated continuously in the liver, reaching values of 446 +/- 71 pmns/50 high-power fields at 9 h (basal value 18 +/- 7). plasma alanine aminotransferase activities as index of parenchymal cell injury did not change up to 5 h p ... | 1991 | 1767846 |
| time dependent release of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor into the circulation of pigs during shock. | to investigate short-term activation and inhibition of fibrinolysis during shock, we studied plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-pa) and t-pa inhibition capacity (pai) in anaesthetized pigs. t-pa in euglobulin fractions of plasma was measured by the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in the presence of fibrin split products. plasmin thus generated was measured in a chromogenic substrate assay. pai was measured as plasma inhibition capacity for human melanoma t-pa. controls (n ... | 1991 | 1834237 |
| influence of interleukin 6 on the function of secondary cultures of human thyrocytes. | interleukin 6 has been suggested as second mediator of the effects of interleukin 1 in some cell systems. interleukin 1 has previously been shown to inhibit the function of human thyrocytes in secondary cultures. we have therefore studied the influence of interleukin 6 (10(-1)-5.10(7) u/l) on the function of thyroid cells. recombinant interleukin 6 slightly inhibited the production of camp, but failed to influence the production of thyroglobulin or the dna content. endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide ... | 1991 | 1851359 |
| c-glycosidic analogues of lipid a and lipid x: synthesis and biological activities. | the synthesis of a series of novel analogues of lipid a, the lipophilic terminal of lipopolysaccharides (lps), and lipid x, the reducing monosaccharide unit in lipid a, is reported. in these compounds, the native 1-o-phosphate group has been replaced by a "bioisosteric" ch2cooh substituent. the new n,o-acylated monosaccharide c-glycosides were obtained by wittig reaction of suitably protected glucosamine derivatives. these lipid x analogues were recognized as substrates by the enzyme lipid a syn ... | 1991 | 1895296 |
| redistribution of intraorgan blood flow in acute, hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia. | in a standardized porcine model of acute, hyperdynamic endotoxemia the distribution of intraorgan blood flow within heart, kidney and brain was analyzed. twelve pigs received either short-term (23 min) or long-term (205 min) continuous intravenous infusion of endotoxin (salmonella abortus equi). a high cardiac output/low peripheral resistance state was maintained throughout the 3.5 h observation period. total organ blood flow in heart, kidney and brain remained high; however, already small amoun ... | 1991 | 1936082 |
| inhibition of endotoxin-induced interleukin-6 production by synthetic lipid a partial structures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the effect of two synthetic lipid a partial structures, compound 406 (or la-14-pp, identical in structure to the lipid a precursor, known as ia or iva) and compound 401 (lipid x), on the in vitro modulation of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)-induced interleukin-6 production by human blood mononuclear cells was investigated. lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortus equi and synthetic escherichia coli-type lipid a (compound 506, or la-15-pp) had potent interleukin-6-inducing capacities. the maximum ... | 1991 | 1937825 |
| phase i trial of intravenously administered endotoxin (salmonella abortus equi) in cancer patients. | we report a phase i study in cancer patients being treated with i.v. bolus injections of highly purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) salmonella abortus equi. twenty-four patients with disseminated cancer received escalating doses of lps at 2-week intervals. dose escalation was performed in six dose levels treating 3-6 patients at each level. dose levels 1 and 2 consisted of 0.15 and 0.3 ng/kg, respectively. further dose escalation up to 5.0 ng/kg was enabled by pretreatment with ibuprofen, which at ... | 1991 | 2021932 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates lethal activity of killed gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in d-galactosamine-treated mice. | treatment with d-galactosamine increases sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-responder mice to the lethal effects of lps, while nonresponder mice remain resistant (m.a. freudenberg, d. keppler, and c. galanos, infect. immun. 51:891-895, 1986). in the present study it is shown that, in contrast to lps, killed gram-negative bacteria (salmonella abortus equi and s. typhimurium) were highly toxic for d-galactosamine-treated lps-responder (c57bl/10 scsn and c3h/hen) and -nonresponder (c57bl/10 sc ... | 1991 | 2037372 |
| sdz mrl 953, a novel immunostimulatory monosaccharidic lipid a analog with an improved therapeutic window in experimental sepsis. | sdz mrl 953, a new synthetic monosaccharidic lipid a, was investigated in vitro and in vivo for immunopharmacological activities. in experimental models of microbial infections, the compound was highly protective when it was administered prophylactically either once or three times to myelosuppressed or immunocompetent mice. the 50% effective doses of sdz mrl 953 varied with the infectious agents and the route of its administration. in all cases, the 50% effective doses were about 10(3) times hig ... | 1991 | 2039200 |
| development of a new quantitative method for detection of endotoxin by fluorescence labeling of 3-hydroxy fatty acid. | new quantitative method for the detection of minute amounts of endotoxin has been developed using 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid as a chemical marker. after converting 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid to methyl ester, it was coupled with a fluorescent probe, anthracene-9-carboxyl chloride, obtained by chlorization of 9-anthroic acid with oxalyl chloride. the resulting ester was isolated by hplc on silica column. the purified product, methyl-3-0-(9-carboxy-anthracenyl) tetradecanoate (m/z 462), was highl ... | 1990 | 2109502 |
| recruitment of 99m-technetium- or 111-indium-labelled polymorphonuclear leucocytes in experimentally induced pyogranulomas in lambs. | the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) during the development of experimental pyogranulomas induced by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was followed in nine male lambs by scintigraphic examination. autologous blood pmns were labelled with 99m-technetium or 111-indium and were re-injected intravenously into infected lambs. the functional properties of the labelled cells were monitored 1) in vitro by measuring their phagocytic and bactericidal activity against c. pseudotuberculos ... | 1990 | 2168466 |
| effect of recombinant hirudin, a specific inhibitor of thrombin, on endotoxin-induced intravascular coagulation and acute lung injury in pigs. | we hypothesized that thrombin activation may play a prominent role in endotoxin-induced secondary organ failure, such as acute lung injury. to test this hypothesis, we administered a thrombin-specific inhibitor, recombinant hirudin, in endotoxemic pigs. the pigs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and prepared with swan-ganz and extravascular lung water (evlw) catheters. a total of 18 randomly selected animals received a pretreatment of 1,000 u/kg of hirudin, followed by a continuous inf ... | 1990 | 2221583 |
| biological response to intravenously administered endotoxin in patients with advanced cancer. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the toxicity and biological activity of highly purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) administered intravenously to cancer patients in order to establish an optimum dosage scheme. an initial subtoxic dose was increased in weekly increments in accordance with individual regimens that maintained patient reaction at a safe and acceptable level. purified lps from salmonella abortus equi was administered to 11 patients with advanced solid tumors on a weekly schedul ... | 1990 | 2254760 |
| suppressive effect of lipid a partial structures on lipopolysaccharide or lipid a-induced release of interleukin 1 by human monocytes. | experiments were designed to investigate the significance of lipid a partial structures, precursor ia (compound 406), and lipid x (compound 401) to serve as antagonists of interleukin 1 (il-1) release from human mononuclear cells and monocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin) of salmonella abortus equi or synthetic escherichia coli lipid a (compound 506). a definite inhibition mediated by lipid a partial structures on il-1 release induced by lps or lipid a was found in repeated exp ... | 1990 | 2257173 |
| purification and fractionation of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. | by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on octyl-sepharose, lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli re mutant and of wild-type smooth-form (s-form) salmonella typhimurium and salmonella abortus equi is fractionated according to increasing amount of fatty acids. thereby a fractionation of s-form lps according to the length of the o-polysaccharide chain also occurs, because with increasing of fatty acids there is a decrease in the mean length of the o-polysaccharide chain from approximately ... | 1990 | 2269290 |
| the effect of endotoxin on membrane fatty acid composition in bcg-sensitized mice. | the effects of endotoxin on mouse liver phospholipid fatty acid composition have been investigated. administration of endotoxin from salmonella abortus equi led to a decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of livers from mice sensitized with bacille calmette guérin (bcg). the content of arachidonic acid fell significantly in both the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol fractions whereas in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction the linoleic acid content was significantly reduc ... | 1990 | 2347397 |
| the role of bile acids in the development of endotoxemia during obstructive jaundice in the rat. | the role of bile acids in the development of endotoxemia during obstructive jaundice was studied in rats. endotoxin was not found in portal and peripheral plasma of control rats. the bile ducts of seven rats were ligated. on day 7 following bile duct ligation, six animals showed portal endotoxemia and five peripheral. oral administration of sodium ursodeoxycholate reduced this frequency to 1/7 for portal plasma and 0/7 in the case of peripheral plasma. subsequently the influence of a bile salt m ... | 1990 | 2365979 |
| quantitation and biological activities of native tumour necrosis factor from lps-stimulated human monocytes. | human mononuclear cells (mnc) were stimulated in culture with lps to produce tumour necrosis factor (tnf). the natural tumour necrosis factor (ntnf) was quantitated by elisa and immunoblotting using rabbit antibodies to human recombinant tnf (rtnf) and the biotin-avidin-peroxidase system. biologically active ntnf was determined by its cytotoxic activity for actinomycin-d treated mouse fibroblasts and by its lethal effect in d-galactosamine sensitized endotoxin-resistant mice. two different lps p ... | 1990 | 2383396 |
| leukocyte alterations do not account for hepatitis induced by endotoxin or tnf alpha in galactosamine-sensitized mice. | subtoxic doses of endotoxin (salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide, lps) (5 micrograms/kg i.p.) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) (15 micrograms/kg i.v.) induced fulminant hepatitis within 8 hr, when mice had been sensitized by a subtoxic dose of d-galactosamine (700 mg/kg i.p.). lps-treatment led to the release of tnf into the circulation, independently of the presence of d-galactosamine. the tnf-dependent development of hepatitis was accompanied by a severe lymphopenia and neutro ... | 1990 | 2403385 |
| can hemofiltration increase survival time in acute endotoxemia--a porcine shock model. | in a porcine endotoxin shock model employing a continuous intravenous administration of salmonella abortus equi endotoxin the cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters were studied with main emphasis on the effect of hemofiltration (hf) as the only therapeutical measurement on the enhancement of survival time. arachidonic acid (aa) metabolites thromboxan b2 and 6-keto-pgf 1-alpha could be lowered significantly by hemofiltration. measuring the inadequacy of the supply and delivery systems in ter ... | 1989 | 2506578 |
| exacerbation of toxic effects by endotoxin contamination of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. | the toxic effects of endotoxin-free human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rh-tnf), shown to contain less than 50 pg endotoxin/mg rh-tnf, were investigated and compared with those of rh-tnf and endotoxin coadministered at 4-400 ng endotoxin/mg rh-tnf in female sprague-dawley rats. the mean lethal dose of 5.9 mg/kg rh-tnf found for the endotoxin-free rh-tnf was far higher than that attributed to rh-tnf by other investigators. coadministration with endotoxin derived from e. coli. salmonella abor ... | 1989 | 2522355 |
| the role of bile acids in the reduction in lipopolysaccharide uptake by cultured rat kupffer cells. | the influence of bile salts on the binding and uptake of salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide by cultured kupffer cells was studied. in control preparations, the percentage of cell-associated lipopolysaccharide increased with time and reached a plateau after about 2 h incubation at 37 degrees c. about 1.2 micrograms lipopolysaccharide was associated with 10(6) kupffer cells at this time interval. in the presence of 0.3, 0.6 and 1 mumol bile salts/ml the cell-associated lipopolysaccharide w ... | 1989 | 2570480 |
| the fate of lipopolysaccharide in cultured rat kupffer cells. | cultured rat kupffer cells were incubated in presence of biologically tritiated salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. uptake of lipopolysaccharide increased rapidly during the first 2 h of incubation and then levelled off. within the first h of incubation 10(6) kupffer cells were able to ingest up to 18 micrograms lipopolysaccharide. kupffer cells metabolised lipopolysaccharide and released lipopolysaccharide-related substances, but neither the cell-associated lipopolysaccharide nor the re ... | 1989 | 2574517 |
| oxpentifylline in endotoxaemia. | oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline), which is known to have pharmacological effects in animal models of respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure, and shock, was tested in human beings after injection of endotoxin. of ten healthy volunteers, nine met the inclusion criterion of a rise in body temperature of at least 1.0 degrees c after 100 ng endotoxin (salmonella abortus equi) as a bolus injection. serum levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf) and interleukin-6 (il-6) were both signific ... | 1989 | 2574766 |
| induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release by lipopolysaccharide and defined lipopolysaccharide partial structures. | we have investigated the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) by human mononuclear cells (mnc) and isolated human monocytes/macrophages stimulated with s- and r-form lipopolysaccharide (lps), natural lipid a, and natural and synthetic partial structures thereof. we found that lps of salmonella minnesota (s. min.) rb2, which represents a partial structure of wildtype lps of salmonella abortus equi (s.a.e.) lacking the o-chain and parts of the outer core region, was the most active i ... | 1989 | 2613271 |
| characterization of the lipid a component of genuine smooth-form lipopolysaccharide. | the smooth-form lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortus equi had earlier been separated into three distinct fractions, a long-chain fraction with an o chain containing 20-50 repeating units, a short-chain fraction consisting of an r lipopolysaccharide and another with 1-6 repeating units, and an r fraction identical to the lipopolysaccharide synthesized by ra.b-mutant bacteria [galanos et al. (1988) j. chromatogr. 440, 397-404]. in this paper, the corresponding lipid a from each fraction was pr ... | 1989 | 2714268 |
| physicochemical properties of endotoxins in large volume parenterals. | endotoxins of escherichia coli, salmonella abortus equi and serratia marcescens were examined using freeze-etch electronmicroscopy and light scattering techniques, with emphasis on their aggregation state. these endotoxins show distinct features of particle size and mass and they may be affected by the presence or absence of ca2+ ions. no important differences were observed in the particle characteristics of the respective endotoxins in various infusion fluids. | 1985 | 2864409 |
| the role of intestinal endotoxin in experimental peritonitis. | escape of endotoxin from the intraintestinal site was investigated in experimental models of intestinal ischemia and during intraabdominal infection in rats. following the instillation of salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (s-form) into the proximal large bowel, we recorded the presence of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the bowel wall, the intestinal lymph nodes, the peritoneal cavity, and in the liver sinusoids by immunohistochemical methods. at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr after the operative pr ... | 1989 | 2917375 |
| the significance of high-density lipoproteins (hdl) in the clearance of intravenously administered bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) in mice. | the direct immunofluorescence technique was used to study the presence of high-density lipoproteins (hdl) in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice before and after intravenous administration of purified lipopolysaccharides (lps) from escherichia coli o 75, salmonella abortus equi and salmonella minnesota r 595, as well as free lipid a. untreated mice had small granules of hdl in the hepatocellular cytoplasm, which appeared more pronounced after oral administration of fat. after intravenous admini ... | 1988 | 3042575 |
| cellular and subcellular distribution of injected lipopolysaccharide in rat liver and its inactivation by bile salts. | the cellular and subcellular distribution of biologically tritiated salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide (lps) was studied at different time intervals after intravenous injection in rats. at 1 min after injection of lps via the portal vein label was present over kupffer cell phagosomes. between 30 min and 7 days after injection, silver grains were mainly associated with phagosomes and lysosomes and occasionally with the membrane of kupffer cells. a few parenchymal cells were labeled at 5 m ... | 1988 | 3235801 |
| response of cultured rat kupffer cells to lipopolysaccharide. | the effects of salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharides (lps) on pure cultures of rat kupffer cells (kc) were studied. in vitro, lps is ingested by kc and located in vacuoles and secondary lysosomes. culture of kc in the presence of 1-50 micrograms lps/ml during 24 h did not affect the viability of the kc as measured by trypan blue exclusion, neutral red uptake, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and cell survival and spreading. lps treatment did not influence the ultrastructure of kc. the exposur ... | 1988 | 3240096 |
| large-scale fractionation of s-form lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi. chemical and serological characterization of the fractions. | the s-form lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortus equi was separated by a newly elaborated extraction method with organic solvents into three fractions of different chain length of the o-polysaccharide they contained. the three fractions were designated long-chain (20-50 repeating units), short-chain (0-6) and r-fraction (no repeating units) according to their migration pattern in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate. the nature of the fractions as long- ... | 1988 | 3403669 |
| perfusion of the septum of the rabbit with vasopressin antiserum enhances endotoxin fever. | the septal region of the brains of conscious, adult, male new zealand white rabbits were perfused by means of a push-pull system before and after an intravenous administration of bacterial pyrogen extracted from salmonella abortus equi. perfusion of the septal area with sucrose solution (260 mm) had no significant effect on the resulting fever (1.13 +/- 0.09 degrees c) when compared to a control fever without the push-pull perfusion (1.06 +/- 0.12 degrees c). arginine vasopressin (avp) added to ... | 1987 | 3588348 |
| evidence for the involvement of a reperfusion injury in galactosamine/endotoxin-induced hepatitis in mice. | simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of 700 mg/kg galactosamine and 33 micrograms/kg salmonella abortus equi endotoxin to male nmri albino mice resulted in fulminant hepatitis as assessed after nine hours by measurement of serum transaminases as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase activities. intraperitoneal pretreatment of animals with 2 x 100 mg/kg allopurinol, or intravenous pretreatment with 33 ku superoxide dismutase or 1 mu catalase fully prevented hepatitis. administration of 10 microgr ... | 1987 | 3606663 |
| effects of a platelet-activating factor antagonist, cv-3988, on different shock models in the rat. | research in recent years has implicated many vasoactive mediators in causing or maintaining the shock process. one of the newer mediators to be considered is platelet-activating factor (paf). the present group of experiments examined the effects of a paf antagonist, cv-3988, on paf, endotoxin, and hemorrhagic hypotension in rats. sprague dawley male rats (250-350 g) were lightly anesthetized with halothane and instrumented to measure mean arterial pressure (map). hypotension induced by paf (3.0 ... | 1986 | 3802423 |
| properties of human anti-lipopolysaccharide gamma globulin: specificity and protective effects. | blood donated to the natal blood transfusion service was screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for anti-lipopolysaccharide (anti-lps) antibodies. plasma units with high concentrations (greater than 40 micrograms/ml) of anti-lps igg were pooled and fractionated to obtain a gamma globulin (lot lg-1). the binding of lg-1 antibodies to lps prepared from 14 bacterial species and strains was found to be the highest to lps from shigella flexneri, salmonella abortus equi and salmonell ... | 1985 | 3922117 |
| excretion of radioactivity in faeces and urine of rats injected with 3h,14c-lipopolysaccharide. | the route of excretion of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and its possible degradation in vivo was studied in rats using biosynthetically radiolabelled lps from salmonella abortus equi, carrying 3h activity exclusively in fatty acids and 14c activity in fatty acids and sugars. following intravenous injection of the above lps in as2 rats with or without anaesthesia, excretion of radioactivity occurred mainly in the faeces and to smaller extent in urine. the rate of excretion was slow, a large part of th ... | 1985 | 4005148 |
| fever and intracranial pressures. | the effect of fever upon intracranial pressures was determined in the rabbit and cat. in the unanesthetized rabbit and cat, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) pressure was measured via direct cannulation of the lateral cerebral ventricle. intracranial pressure (icp) was measured in the rabbit by a subarachnoid screw technique. in all cases, intravenous administration of bacterial pyrogen extracted from salmonella abortus equi resulted in significant differences from controls in physiological variables me ... | 1985 | 4052827 |
| alterations in rats in vivo of the chemical structure of lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi. | a biosynthetically double-labelled lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella abortus equi was used to study possible in vivo degradation of lps in rats. the preparation designated rlps-i was labelled with 3h in the fatty acids and 14c in the sugars. three days after its intravenous injection the concentration of the two isotopes in the liver was analysed directly by combustion of liver tissue in a sample oxidizer. it was found that compared to the starting lps, less 3h activity was present than 1 ... | 1985 | 4054113 |
| [idiotypy of rabbit antibodies against salmonella abortus-equi. i. heterologous reactions]. | | 1971 | 4103133 |
| observations on idiotypy of rabbit antibodies against salmonella abortus-equi. | | 1971 | 4103300 |
| [comparison of idiotypes of igm and igg of rabbit anti-salmonella abortus-equi]. | | 1974 | 4133882 |
| [idiotypes of rabbit anti-salmonella abortus-equi antibodies (recent results)]. | | 1973 | 4203798 |
| [comparison of idiotypes of rabbit antibodies against salmonella abortusequi and tobacco mosaic virus. study of cross reactions between antibody idiotypes against these 2 antigenic materials]. | | 1973 | 4203799 |
| a study of clonal transfer in rabbits immunized with salmonella abortus-equi. | | 1974 | 4604040 |
| [comparative idiotypes of serum antibodies, milk antibodies, igg polypeptide chains, igm polypeptide chains in rabbits immunized against salmonella abortus equi]. | | 1974 | 4830826 |
| isoelectric focusing spectra of rabbit antibodies to salmonella abortus-equi detected by anti-idiotypic sera. | | 1974 | 4852579 |
| [idiotypy of rabbit antibodies against salmonella abortus-equi. ii. trial localization of idiotypic determinants on the molecules of different classes of immunoglobulins and on their subunits]. | | 1971 | 4996314 |
| possession of flagellar hooks by some non-flagellate mutants of salmonella abortusequi. | | 1972 | 5038878 |
| genetic analysis of fla and mot cistrons closely linked to h1 in salmonella abortusequi and its derivatives. | | 1972 | 5041268 |
| some aspects of the epidemiology of salmonella abortus-equi infection in equines. | | 1971 | 5106157 |
| [anticellular effects of salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharides. studies on erythropoietic chick embryo cells]. | | 1969 | 5407047 |
| lipopolysaccharides of the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) of two isolates of microcystis aeruginosa were extracted with phenol/water and purified. cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation of these preparations yielded only one fraction. the lps contained significant amounts of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid, glucose, 3-deoxy sugars, glucosamine, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, hexoses, and phosphate. heptose, a characteristic sugar component of the polysaccharide moiety of lps of most gram-negative bacteria was absent. l ... | 1983 | 6418544 |
| haemorrhagic tumour necrosis following endotoxin administration. i. communication: morphological investigation on endotoxin-induced necrosis of the methylcholanthrene (meth a) tumour in the mouse. | endotoxin induced necrosis of the meth a mouse tumour has been investigated using macroscopic, histological and ultrastructural examination methods. on the 8th day after tumour cell transplantation, the animals received a relatively non-toxic dose of the salmonella abortus equi endotoxin intravenously. the natural history of the tumour necrosis took the following course: the earliest morphological changes could be seen with the electron microscope 90 min after administration of the endotoxin, an ... | 1984 | 6429940 |
| the fate of lipopolysaccharide in rats: evidence for chemical alteration in the molecule. | the fate of smooth form lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella abortus-equi injected intravenously in rats was studied. in the circulation, the lps formed a stabile complex with high density plasma lipoprotein and was cleared from the blood primarily into the liver at a slow rate (over a period of two days). in the liver, lps was first detectable in kupffer's cells and granulocytes; from there it was later redistributed (after two days) into hepatocytes. while it was in the circulation, no evi ... | 1984 | 6474008 |
| hepatocellular clearance function of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and free lipid a in mice with endotoxic shock. | hepatic uptake of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) in defined salt forms and free lipid a was studied in c3h mice. extracts of 14c-labeled and unlabeled lps from salmonella abortus equi and lipid a from salmonella minnesota r 595 (re) were administered intravenously in doses sufficient to induce endotoxic shock. sixty minutes after administration of 14c-lps, 40% of the total activity was found in the liver tissue, 10% was in the isolated nonparenchymal cells, and only 1% was in the isolated h ... | 1984 | 6517983 |
| binding of 125i-labeled endotoxin to bovine, canine, and equine platelets and endotoxin-induced agglutination of canine platelets. | endotoxin from escherichia coli o127:b8, salmonella abortus-equi and s minnesota induced clumping of some canine platelets (plt) at a final endotoxin concentration of 1 microgram/ml. endotoxin-induced clumping of canine plt was independent of plt energy-requiring processes, because clumping was observed with canine plt incubated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose and antimycin a. the plt responded to adenosine diphosphate before, but not after, incubation with the metabolic inhibitors. endotoxin induced a s ... | 1982 | 6756220 |
| purification and further characterization of phenol extract from listeria monocytogenes. | a phenol-water extract of listeria monocytogenes virulent strains 9-125 (serotype 4b) was purified by 3 cycles of ultracentrifugation. the purified extract reacted positively in limulus amoebocyte lysate assay at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. this value was 1,000 times higher than that for salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. the phenol extract was toxic to chicken embryos (median lethal dose was 40.5 micrograms) and contained carbohydrates (heptose, hexose, hexosamine, methylpentose ... | 1981 | 6791538 |
| relative potencies of four reference endotoxin standards as measured by the limulus amoebocyte lysate and usp rabbit pyrogen tests. | four commonly used reference endotoxin standards, escherichia coli o113:h10:k0, e. coli o55:b5, salmonella abortusequi, and shigella dysenteriae were compared by the usp rabbit pyrogen and the limulus amoebocyte lysate tests. by the rabbit pyrogen test, s. abortus equi was identified as the most potent endotoxin, followed closely by e. coli o113:h10:k0 and e. coli o55:b5. | 1980 | 7006505 |
| investigations on the biphasic response of the reticulo-endothelial system induced by the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortus equi (pyrexal). | | 1982 | 7168266 |
| measurement of hypozincaemia in mice: a sensitive test for detection of pyrogens. | 1. the effect of bacterial pyrogens on plasma zinc concentration in mice was studied as a method of bioassay for these substances. 2. a dose-related depression of plasma zinc concentrations was observed 4 h after intravenous injection of doses of 0.05-500 ng of purified endotoxins of salmonella abortus equi, shigella dysenteriae and escherichia coli. responses were dose-dependent and reproducible for each endotoxin in five strains of mice. 3. tolerance to endotoxin could be induced in mice by in ... | 1981 | 7285495 |
| lipopolysaccharide of rhodospirillum salinarum 40: structural studies on the core and lipid a region. | the structural elucidation of lipid a of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (lps) of rhodospirillum salinarum 40 by chemical methods and laser desorption mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a mixed lipid a composed of three different 1,4'bisphosphorylated beta (1 --> 6)-linked backbone hexosaminyl-hexosamine disaccharides, i.e. those composed of glcn --> glcn, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glc-(dag --> dag, and dag --> glcn. lipid a of r. salinarum contained preferentially 3-oh-18:0 and 3-oh-14 ... | 1995 | 7487334 |
| lps directly induces oxygen radical production in human monocytes via lps binding protein and cd14. | in human monocytes, superoxide (o2-) generation accompanies phagocytosis and is important for bactericidal activity. it also contributes to tissue damage in inflammation. in the present study we investigated, whether lipopolysaccharide (lps) directly stimulates monocyte o2- production with kinetics known for other lps effects and, if so, by which mechanism. lps caused a time- and dose-dependent o2- release in nonadherent purified monocytes. the effect appeared after 5 min, peaked at 30 min, and ... | 1995 | 7533819 |
| macrophage activation in response to s-form lipopolysaccharides (lps) separated by centrifugal partition chromatography from wild-type lps: effects of the o-polysaccharide portion of lps. | the s-form lipopolysaccharide (lps) was effectively separated from a native preparation of smooth-type salmonella abortus equi lps by means of the centrifugal partition chromatography (cpc). to clarify the mechanisms by which lps activates macrophages, cpc-separated s-form lps was assessed for its ability to induce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) by murine macrophage-like j774.1 cells in comparison with other fractions of lps which lacks most of o-polysaccharides. lps do ... | 1995 | 7763241 |
| cytokine-induced upregulation of hepatic intercellular adhesion molecule-1 messenger rna expression and its role in the pathophysiology of murine endotoxin shock and acute liver failure. | neutrophil-induced liver injury during endotoxemia is dependent on the adhesion molecule mac-1 (cd11b/cd18) on neutrophils. the potential involvement of its counterreceptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), in the pathogenesis was investigated after administration of 100 micrograms/kg salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (et) in galactosamine-sensitized mice (gal). in et-sensitive mice (c3heb/fej), which generated large amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), massive neutroph ... | 1995 | 7768509 |
| a lipopolysaccharide-binding hemagglutinin with specificity for acetylated aminosugars in the serum of the hermit crab diogenes affinis (henderson). | a naturally occurring hemagglutinin was detected in the serum of the hermit crab diogenes affinis, and its erythrocyte (rbc) binding activities, physicochemical properties, and carbohydrate binding specificity were characterized. both the hemagglutination profile and the pattern of cross-reactivity of the serum with different rbc types in cross-adsorption tests suggested a strong affinity of the serum agglutinin for rat rbc. further analysis revealed that the agglutinin was specifically dependen ... | 1994 | 7806893 |
| polyclonal b cell activation, endotoxin tolerance, and limulus tests of endotoxin preparations of some periodontopathogens. | potencies of polyclonal b-cell activation in c3h/hen mice of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum, and porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxins were 0.36, 0.13 and 0.04, taking salmonella abortusequi as 1.0. f. nucleatum and p. gingivalis endotoxins showed positive reactions in c3h/hej mice. most activities in c3h/hen other than that of f. nucleatum were suppressed by polymyxin b. in c3h/hej mice, similar inhibitions were only 60% for p. gingivalis and hardly observed with f. ... | 1994 | 7987966 |
| protection of mice from mortality caused by living and heat-killed bacteria by sdz mrl 953. | protective effects of sdz mrl 953, a monosaccharidic lipid a analog with a reduced toxicity, were investigated in models of experimental septic shock caused by injections of lps, and inoculations of heat-killed or live bacteria. female b6d2f1 mice were challenged with a combination of galactosamine (800 mg/kg) plus various doses of heat-killed isolates of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus or lps from salmonella abortus equi. in some exper ... | 1994 | 8025976 |
| enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor secretion by hyperimmune serum from chronic infected patients. | patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection have a very high load of endotoxins in their lungs. however, sepsis practically never occurs in this group of patients and the presence of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha (one of the mediators of septic shock) in serum from chronically infected cf patients is contentious. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperimmune serum from patients with cf on lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin)-in ... | 1993 | 8121331 |
| free hydroxyl groups are not required for endotoxic activity of lipid a. | previous studies demonstrated that lipid a from salmonella abortusequi loses its b-cell mitogenicity for murine spleen cells as a result of the introduction of succinyl residues on hydroxyl groups and that the inactivated lipid a specifically antagonizes the mitogenicity of endotoxin. hypothesizing that the hydroxyl groups are essential both for its biological activity and for producing nontoxic preparations having antagonistic activity, i tested the role of the hydroxyl groups in its activities ... | 1994 | 8168931 |
| modulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. | nitric oxide (no) is known to inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity caused by an nad(+)-dependent posttranslational protein modification mechanism. in order to study a possible similar protein modification under in vivo conditions, mice were injected with bacterial endotoxin known to endogenously generate no. in endotoxin-treated mice glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was significantly reduced in cytosolic fractions of heart and spleen, compared ... | 1994 | 8206124 |
| destruction of typical endotoxins by dry heat as determined using lal assay and pyrogen assay. | the kinetics of destruction by dry heat of two typical endotoxins, escherichia coli 055:b5 (e. coli endotoxin) and salmonella abortus equi (s. abortus equi endotoxin), were determined using the limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) and pyrogen assays. the efficiency of recovery of these endotoxins from carriers using a pyrogen assay was also determined simultaneously. in the lal assay 0.1-10,000 eu was used and 10-1000 eu in the pyrogen assay. recoveries of e. coli endotoxin and s. abortus equi endotox ... | 1993 | 8263663 |
| endotoxin- and corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of acth and cortisol. a comparative study in men. | the present study compares the effects of endotoxin, a key factor in gram-negative bacterial infection, and of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) on acth and cortisol secretion in healthy male volunteers in a placebo-controlled design. endotoxin (isolated from salmonella abortus equi; 0.4 ng/kg body weight) induced a significantly delayed and prolonged increase of acth and cortisol secretion as compared to crh (100 micrograms), supporting the hypothesis that different intermediate mechanisms ... | 1993 | 8264845 |