| expression of the hut operons of salmonella typhimurium in klebsiella aerogenes and in escherichia coli. | the normal hut (histidine utilization) operons, as well as those with mutations affecting the regulation of their expression, of salmonella typhimurium were introduced on an f' episome into cells of s. typhimurium and klebsiella aerogenes whose chromosomal hut genes had been deleted and into cells of escherichia coli, whose chromosome does not carry hut genes. the episomal hut operons respond in a manner very similar to induction and catabolite repression in all three organisms. the small differ ... | 1975 | 362 |
| comparative study of virological infections in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. | the author shows complex analyses: clinical, laboratory, x-rays, bronchoscopical, bronchographical and measuring lung function tests as well as the serological examinations in blood serum of both groups of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children with virological infection. the calculation of statistically significant differences between the various diagnostical results of both groups has confirmed that in asthmatic children virological infection of the respiratory tract, pathological findings in x-r ... | 1975 | 884 |
| microbiological study of gentamiycin. | gentamycin prepared at the all-union research institute of antibiotics did not differ by its antibacterial spectrum and the activity level from gentamycin samples from other countries. by its activity against clinical strains of ps. aeruginosa gentamycin was somewhat inferior than polymyxin but much more superior than carbenicillin. an agar-diffusion method using bac. pumilus ntcc 8241 as the test microbe was developed for determination of gentamycin activity. the gentamycin sulfate complex and ... | 1975 | 2095 |
| bacterial and fungal growth in total parenteral nutrition solutions,. | the most serious complication of prolonged intravenous infusion of hypertonic dextrose and amino acids is infection. frequently, the etiology is fungal rather than bacterial. previous authors have suggested that bacterial survival and growth in the solutions is suppressed by (a) high dextrose concentration, (b) high osmolality, or (c) low ph. this paper presents evidence that proposals (a) and (b) are untenable and (c) is only partly responsible. we call attention to the presence of a factor tha ... | 1975 | 2102 |
| factors affecting the assay of gentamicin by the plate diffusion method. | standard curves were prepared by plotting log gentamicin concentration against zone diameter using a conventional plate diffusion method. results were obtained at varying concentrations of sodium chloride and at different phs. under optimum conditions the range in zone diameters was markedly increased, thus considerably improving the potential accuracy of the plate assay method. | 1976 | 2623 |
| pigment biosynthesis by klebsiella depending on the medium composition and culturing conditions. | | 1975 | 2847 |
| the role of some microorganisms in the pathogenesis of non-specific bronchopulmonary infections. | | 1976 | 3770 |
| bacteriological studies on cefatrizine (s-640 p) (author's transl). | | 1976 | 4635 |
| viral pneumonias. | | 1976 | 4922 |
| comparative in vitro activity of cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cefoxitin, cephamycin c, cepharadine and cefazolin was determined against 443 isolates of bacteria. at a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml, all of the cephalosporins inhibited more than 60% of the isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. at the same concentration, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephamycin c and cefazolin inhibited more than 90% of isolates of proteus mirabilis. all of the cephalosporins except ... | 1976 | 6411 |
| bacteriological findings in materials from patients with nonspecific odontogenic infections. | the results of bacteriological studies made between 1964 and 1971 by workers at the varia laboratory, institute of medical microbiology on 767 patients treated at the clinic of gnathofacial surgery, department of medicine, friedrich schiller university at jena, are evaluated. the testees (x=275) were included in groups with specific diagnoses, and a breakdown was made according to the detection of aerobic pus-forming germs. gram-positive cocci were detected in 92% of the cases and their pathogen ... | 1976 | 7062 |
| observations on brilliant green agar with h2s indicator. | several formulations of brilliant green agar with an added h2s indicator were evaluated. results were optimum with variations of a basic formula consisting of 40 g of tryptic soy agar (difco), 8 g of lactose, 8 g of sucrose, 80 mg of phenol red, 1 g of sulfanilamide, 1.5 g of ferric ammonium citrate, 5 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, and 7 mg of brilliant green dye per liter. brilliant green dye was added after sterilization of the other components this formulation supported good growth of ... | 1976 | 7190 |
| determinants of lung bacterial clearance in normal mice. | the determinants of the lung clearance of streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus were studied in normal mice after exposure to an aerosol of viable bacteria and 99mtc-labeled dead bacteria. the fraction of bacteria in lungs that remained viable 4 h after exposure were: s. pneumoniae, 7.3%; k. pneumoniae, 121%; e. coli, 88.5%; s. aureus, 27.6%. the rate of physical removal of bacterial particles (kmc) was determined from the change in lung 99m ... | 1976 | 7575 |
| antibacterial activity of sisomicin in comparison with gentamicin. | the antibacterial activity of sisomicin -- a new aminoglycoside antibiotic -- as compared with gentamicin was tested on 521 bacterial strains of different species in a serial-dilution test. staphylococci, streptococci, e. coli, klebsialla-enterobacter, indole-psitive proteus strains, pseufomonads, salmonads, salmonellae, and serratia marcescens were inhibited to the extent of 100% at a maximun of 4.0 mug/ml. sisomicin showed a higher antibacterial activity against part of the bacterial species. ... | 1976 | 9099 |
| factors influencing the immune enhancement of intrapulmonary bactericidal mechanisms. | the effect of specific immunization on the antibacterial defense mechanisms of the murine lung was assessed against streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus (smith), serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. immunization by aerosol inhalation significantly enhanced the intrapulmonary killing of pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis but not the remaining organisms. with p. mirabilis, systemic immunization induce ... | 1976 | 9364 |
| rapid diagnosis of enterobacteriaceae. i. detection of bacterial glycosidases. | the paper describes a number of tests for the rapid detection of glycosidases including alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-fucosidase. the methods use heavy suspensions of viable but non-multiplying bacteria in a buffered solution of a chromogenic substrate. the results of the tests are readable within 4 h. the application of these tests to a collection of 633 strains of enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae demonstrates that some of the tests may be ... | 1976 | 9774 |
| current resistence situation in a surgical and urological department. | spectrum and sensitivity of bacteria were studied at the surgical (534 positive wound smears) and the urological clinics (7879 urine specimens). krankenhaus nordwest, frankfurt/m., during the period of 1969-1971 and in 1973. the most common organisms identified in wound smears were e. coli, followed by staph. areus, aerobacter and proteus species. e. coli were also predominant in urine, but followed by enterococci, proteus and pseudomonas. e. coli, proteus species and especially pseudomonas incr ... | 1976 | 9344 |
| in vitro study of netilmicin compared with other aminoglycosides. | netilmicin (sch 20569) is an ethyl derivative of gentamicin c(1a) that is active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus isolates. among 342 clinical isolates tested, all staphylococci; 92% of escherichia coli, 93% of klebsiella pneumoniae, and 92% of enterobacter were inhibited by 0.8 mug or less of netilmicin per ml, but only 78% of p. aeruginosa were inhibited by 3.1 mug or less per ml. most clinical isolates of enterococci, serratia marcescens, and ... | 1976 | 10829 |
| approach to a practical method for screening and identifying microorganism genera from urine (author's transl). | in this study the author reported upon a practical new system for screening and identifying the microbial agents causing urinary tract infections. this system is composed of a combination of 3 screening procedures (ph-value + nitrite-test + catalase-test) and 8 selective culture media for the purpose of genus identification within 24 hours (uripret-g). a total of 130 cultures was investigated. the employed microorganisms were mainly recovered from urine samples. they included the following speci ... | 1976 | 11179 |
| osteomyelitis following puncture wounds of the foot in children. | review of the laboratory and clinical findings and treatment of eight patients with osteomyelitis of the foot after puncture wounds revealed that: 1) osteomyelitis after puncture wounds is a infrequent but potentially serious complication, with significant morbidity; 2) osteomyelitis is frequently preceded by inadequate primary care for simple puncture wounds, and when treatment is appropriate, osteomyelitis usually can be avoided; 3) p. aeruginosa is the most commonly recovered organism; 4) the ... | 1976 | 12375 |
| amino acids as repressors of nitrogenase biosynthesis in klebsiella pneumoniae. | nitrogenase biosynthesis in klebsiella pneumoniae including mutant strains, which produce nitrogenase in the presence of nh+4 (shanmugam, k.t., chan, irene, and morandi, c. (1975) biochim. biophys. acta 408, 101--111) is repressed by a mixture of l-amino acids. biochemical analysis shows that glutamine synthetase activity in strains sk-24, sk-28, and sk-29 is also repressed by amino acids, with no detectable effect on glutamate dehydrogenase. among the various amino acids, l-glutamine in combina ... | 1976 | 8101 |
| classical and postclassical modes of regulation of the synthesis of degradative bacterial enzymes. | | 1976 | 6998 |
| the effect of nitrogen limitation on catabolite repression of amidase, histidase and urocanase in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa, the synthesis of histidase, urocanase and amidase is severly repressed when succinate is added to a culture growing in pyruvate + ammonium salts medium. when growth is nitrogen-limited, catabolite repression by succinate of histidase and urocanase synthesis does not occur but succinate repression of amidase synthesis persists. amidase synthesis is not regulated in the same way as histidase synthesis by the availability of other nitrogen compounds for growth. growth of ... | 1976 | 6623 |
| bacteriological examination of sputum (author's transl). | the aa., emphasizing the importance of ascertain the bronchial source of microorganisms recoverable from sputum, recommend for this purpose the use of properly collected sputum specimens and the application of washing treatment for mucopurulent materials. the aim of the present study has been to verify the effectiveness of mechanical apparatus to homogenize sputum without affecting the viability of resident microorganisms and the usefulness of prior microscopical examination to establish the rat ... | 1976 | 13741 |
| study on the viscolytic activity of the sputum (author's transl). | several mucolytic agents were evaluated on sputum for testing their viscolytic activity and the bacterial tollerance to each of them. proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, papain, pancreatin), kj, and dithiothreitol (or its derivatives) were better tollerated by common respiratory pathogens (h. influenzae, d. pneumoniae, klebsiella, etc.) than other mucolytic agents, as acetil-cysteine, cisteamine-hcl, tension active substances, mercaptoethanol, and others. the dithiothreitol showed also one of ... | 1976 | 13742 |
| aerobic flora examination of sputum (author's transl). | the routine bacteriological test of expectorate, except for mycobacteria, is usually unsatisfactory. there is a need of standardization which results in the present paper from a comparison between the data obtained by two different laboratories on the same samples. it is possible to achieve reasonable and uniform results establishing a uniformity of some procedures, namely; collection of specimens, homogenization, number and type of media, interpretation of data and so on. | 1976 | 13743 |
| regulation of enzyme formation in klebsiella aerogenes by episomal glutamine synthetase of escherichia coli. | we studied the physiology of cells of klebsiella aerogenes containing the structural gene for glutamine synthetase (glna) of escherichia coli on an episome. the e. coli glutamine synthetase functioned in cells of k. aerogenes in a manner similar to that of the k. aerogenes enzyme: it allowed the level of histidase to increase and that of glutamate dehydrogenase to decrease during nitrogen-limited growth. the phenotype of mutations in the glna site was restored to normal by the introduction of th ... | 1976 | 6431 |
| glutamate dehydrogenase: genetic mapping and isolation of regulatory mutants of klebsiella aerogenes. | the gene for glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhd) has been mapped in klebsiella aerogenes by p1 transduction. it is linked to pyrf and trp with the order pyrf-trp-gdh. complementation analysis using f' episomes from escherichia coli suggests an analogous location in e. coli. two mutants able to produce glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of high levels of glutamine synthetase have been isolated. one, tightly linked to gdhd, shows normal repression control by glutamine synthetase but produces four ... | 1976 | 6429 |
| regulation of histidase synthesis in intergeneric hybrids of enteric bacteria. | regulation of the expression of the histidase coded by hutk of klebsiella aerogenes in salmonella typhimurium and in escherichia coli and of the expression of the histidase coded by huts of s. typhimurium in e. coli was investigated. the hutk histidase was found to be sensitive to catabolite repression in k. aerogenes and in e. coli, but insensitive to catabolite repression in s. typhimurium; huts histidase has previously been shown to be catabolite sensitive in all three organisms. the expressi ... | 1976 | 6426 |
| bacterial meningitis in infancy and childhood in lusaka (one year prospective sturdy). | in approximately 10,000 admissions in a 12 months period, at university teaching hospital, lusaka 85 cases of meningitis were recorded. the signs and symptoms in these patients do not greatly differ from other similar studies in africa. the commonest organism isolated was pneumococcus. there was high mortality rate which was to a large extent due to parents not bringing their children to hospital early enough for medical treatment to be instituted. this is borne out by the fact that 50% of the c ... | 1975 | 5834 |
| gentamicin-susceptibility of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials. | we studied on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials mainly isolated during 1974 and 1975, comparing with other antibiotics. beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci are less susceptible to gentamicin than staphylococci. staph, aureus and staph. epidermidis resistant to various antibiotics are very susceptible to gentamicin, and no resistant strain to this drug was found. haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae and h. ... | 1976 | 5619 |
| studies on vitamin b12 production by strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and bacillus pasteurii. | | 1976 | 5392 |
| partial purification and properties of enterobacter cloacae heat-stable enterotoxin. | cell free preparations of the whole-cell lysate and ultrafiltration (uf) fractions of broth cultures of a strain of enterobacter cloacae, isolated from a puerto rican with tropical sprue, were assayed for their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. the whole-cell lysate and um-10 retentate of broth cultures were inactive. the um-2 retentate and filtrate were active at a concentration of 100 mug/ml or more; the toxigenic activity was entirely retained, and increased to ... | 1976 | 5376 |
| l-asparaginase of klebsiella aerogenes. activation of its synthesis by glutamine synthetase. | an l-asparaginase has been purified some 250-fold from extracts of klebsiella aerogenes to near homogeneity. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 141,000 as measured by gel filtration and appears to consist of four subunits of molecular weight 37,000. the enzyme has high affinity for l-asparagine, with a km below 10(-5) m, and hydrolyzes glutamine at a 20-fold lower rate, with a km of 10(-3) m. interestingly, the enzyme exhibits marked gamma-glutamyltransferase activity but comparatively little ... | 1976 | 4459 |
| determination of the effective concentration of jodonal a for the disinfection of the skin and teats after milking. | the bactericidal effectivity of jodonal a in 1:10, 1:5, and 1:3 solutions was tested on human skin and on the teats of cow mammary glands. the 1:3 dilution ratio proved best for three-minute exposure. jodonal a used in this concentration in 522 cows for the post-milking disinfection of teats for 10 months exerted no harmful effect on the skin of the mammary glands. | 1976 | 16377 |
| devitalizing effect of jodonal a in vitro on bacteria subject to a short-term exposure. | in a three-minute exposure in vitro jodonal a devitalized a culture of serological group b streptococci in a 2% concentration, staphylococcus aureus in a 16% concentration, pneumococcus in a 4.5% concentration, corynebacterium pyogenes in a 2.5% concentration, pseudomonas aeruginosa in a 3% concentration, and klebsiella pneumoniae in a 2% concentration. hence jodonal a concentrations higher than 16% should be tested for udder teat disinfection after the removal of teat cups. | 1976 | 16378 |
| cephacetrile, a new cephalosporin: in vitro, pharmacological and clinical evaluation. | cephacetrile, a parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity, clinical pharmacology and effectiveness in the treatment of severe infections. the antibacterial activity against 187 isolates was determined by an agar-dilution technique. the mics were 0.06 to 0.5 mug/ml for group a streptococcus, d. pneumoniae, and staph. aureus, 4-6 mug/ml for e. coli and klebsiella-enterobacter 8-32 mug/ml for pr. mirabilis and more than 500 mug/ml for ps. aeruginosa. a few strains ... | 1975 | 4377 |
| nosocomial bacteremia. potential for prevention of procedure-related cases. | during a six-month period, 187 inpatients had bacteremia associated with community-acquired infection and 91 patients had bacteremia from a nosocomial infection. the most frequently identified sites of infection in both types of bacteremia were the respiratory and urinary tracts. escherichia coli and diplococcus pneumoniae were the organisms most frequently isolated from cultures of patients with community-acquired bacteremia, and e coli, staphylococcus aureus, and klebsiella were most frequentl ... | 1977 | 17018 |
| purification and properties of klebsiella pneumoniae heat-stable enterotoxin. | the enterotoxic material in cell-free growth preparations of klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 5 was purified by sequential ultrafiltration and gel filtration (gf) procedures and the fractions were assayed for enterotoxic activity by determining their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. whole-cell lysates were inactive. anaerobic broth culture conditions yielded a 10-fold increase in toxin production over aerobic conditions. enterotoxic activity was absent in the um-10 ... | 1976 | 4375 |
| azlocillin: in vitro studies of a new semisynthetic penicillin. | the activity of azlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was determined against 582 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. over 75% of the isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited at a concentration of 12.5 mug or less per ml. azlocillin is also active against indole-negative and -positive proteus spp., inhibiting 98 and 71%, respectively, at a concentration of 12.5 mug or less per ml. isolates of klebsiella spp. and enterobacter spp. showed less suscepti ... | 1977 | 18083 |
| transduction of chromosomal genes between enteric bacteria by bacteriophage p1. | we have used p1 transduction to create intergeneric hybrid strains of enteric bacteria by moving the gena and hut genes between klebsiella aerogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the use of e. coli as the recipient in such transductions permits the construction of episomes and specialized transducing phage containing non-e. coli material. the effect of host restriction modification and deoxyribonucleic acid homology on the frequency of intergeneric transduction of these loci has ... | 1976 | 3494 |
| urease of klebsiella aerogenes: control of its synthesis by glutamine synthetase. | urease was purified 24-fold from extracts of klebsiella aerogenes. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 230,000 as determined by gel filtration, is highly substrate specific, and has a km for urea of 0.7 mm. a mutant strain lacking urease was isolated; it failed to grow with urea as the sole source of nitrogen but did grow on media containing other nitrogen sources such as ammonia, histidine, or arginine. urease was present at a high level when the cells were starved for nitrogen; its synthesis ... | 1977 | 18438 |
| immunochemical relationships between bacteria belonging to two separate families: pneumococci and klebsiella. | | 1976 | 3470 |
| the ability of enteric bacteria to catalyze the covalent binding of bile acids and cholesterol to dna and their in ability to metabolize benzo(a)pyrene to a binding product and to known metabolites. | the capacity of enteric bacteria (e. coli, salmonella, pseudomonas, shigella and klebsiella) to catalyze the covalent binding of benzo(a)pyrene (bp), cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and cholesterol was investigated. in general, these bacteria were incapable of activating bp to a covalently bound product with calf thymus dna. metabolism studies of bp by fluorometric assay failed to indicate any accumulation of bp-3-hydroxy in the incubation medium. detailed metabolic investigation with high-pressur ... | 1977 | 19150 |
| carbohydrate containing media for the detection of urease in "klebsiella". | sone strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and k. oxytoca grown on nutrient agar may appear "urease negative" in a ferguson type reagent medium after a 24 h incubation at 37 degrees c. amongst such 147 so called urease negative strains, urease has been detected within a few hours in 79 strains, when bacteria have grown on media containing carbohydrates (kligler iron agar, drigalski lactose agar, ss agar and worfel-ferguson sucrose medium). acid production by carbohydrate fermentation increases urease ... | 1975 | 3130 |
| regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase by adenylylated glutamine synthetase. | we have examined three mutants of klebsiella aerogenes whose genetic lesions (glnb, glnd, and glne) are in loci unlinked to the structural gene for glutamine sythetase (glna) and in which the control of both the level and state of adenylylation of glutamine synthetase is altered. each mutation alters a different component of the adenylylation system of glutamine synthetase l-glutamate:ammonia ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.3.1.2. inability of the cell to deadenylylate glutamine synthetase (glnb and ... | 1975 | 1744 |
| inhibition of the adenylylation of glutamine synthetase by methionine sulfone during nitrogenase derepression. | | 1975 | 1024 |
| nonenzymatic reactivation of des-acetyl citrate lyase by acetyl adenylate. first example of enzyme activation by chemotrophic modification. | the experimental conditions of nonenzymatic reactivation of des-acetyl citrate lyase from k. aerogenes were studied. it was found that at ph 8.5 0.2 mm acetyl amp causes a fast reactivation of the enzyme. the ph dependence of activity and the km for citrate are very similar for both native and reactivated enzyme. | 1975 | 698 |
| general principles of antimicrobial therapy. | in the initial therapy of life-threatening infections in which a bacterial cause is suspected, the emphasis should be on broad antibiotic coverage in contrast to definitive therapy, which is dependent on microbial isolation and, when indicated, in vitro susceptibility tests. in severe infections, antimicrobial agents should be given parenterally, at least initially. the need for optimal dosage is emphasized. this is particularly important when aminoglycosides are administered, for there is a ten ... | 1977 | 20538 |
| regulation of the hut operons of salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella aerogenes by the heterologous hut repressors. | in merodiploid strains of klebsiella aerogenes with chromosomal hut genes of k. aerogenes and episomal hut genes of salmonella typhimurium, the repressor of either species can regulate the hut operons of the other species. the repression exerted by the homologous repressor on the left-hand hut operon is, in both organisms, stronger than that exerted by the heterologous repressor. | 1975 | 363 |
| inactivation of citrate lyase from rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa by a specific deacetylase and inhibition of this inactivation by l-(+1-glutamate. | a previously unrecognized enzyme, citrate lyase deacetylase, has been purified about 140-fold from cell extracts of rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. it catalyzed the conversion of enzymatically active acetyl-s-citrate lyase into the inactive hs-form and acetate. the enzyme exhibited an optimal rate of inactivation at ph 8.1. because of the instability of acetyl-s-citrate lyase at acidic and alkaline ph values, all assays were carried out at ph 7.2, where the spontaneous hydrolysis of the acetyl-s-ci ... | 1975 | 356 |
| regulation of nitrogen fixation. nitrogenase-derepressed mutants of klebsiella pneumoniae. | 1. a new procedure is described for selecting nitrogenase-derepressed mutants based on the method of brenchley et al. (brenchley, j.e., prival, m.j. and magasanik, b. (1973) j. biol. chem. 248, 6122-6128) for isolating histidase-constitutive mutants of a non-n2-fixing bacterium. 2. nitrogenase levels of the new mutants in the presence of nh4+ were as high as 100% of the nitrogenase activity detected in the absence of nh4+. 3. biochemical characterization of these nitrogen fixation (nif) derepres ... | 1975 | 59 |
| determinants of lung bacterial clearance in mice after acute hypoxia. | net lung bacterial clearance in normal mice is determined by the balance of in vivo bacterial multiplication on the one hand, and the defense mechanisms of mucociliary clearance and phagocytosis and killing by the oxygen-dependent alveolar macrophage on the other. the bactericidal function of the macrophage is the major component of the defense mechanism. the effect of acute hypoxia on the defense mechanism was studied in mice exposed to aerosols of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebs ... | 1977 | 21603 |
| cloning nitrogen fixing genes from klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and the isolation of nif promoter mutants affecting glutamine synthetase regulation. | | 1977 | 21649 |
| defence against bacterial drug resistance. | | 1976 | 10047 |
| effect of ph upon the activity of cefoxitin. | | 1977 | 23373 |
| effect of capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae on host resistance to bacterial infections. i. induction of increased susceptibility to infections in mice. | when klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (cps-k) from type 1, kasuya strain, was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) immediately before i.p. bacterial challenge, the survival time of mice infected with salmonella enteritidis nub 1 (virulent strain) was shortened and the mortality rate for mice infected with s. enteritidis nub 31 (avirulent strain) was enhanced. the promotion of infection with s. enteritidis nub 1 by cps-k depended upon its dose, the effect of cps-k being demonstrable up ... | 1976 | 9528 |
| the regulation of respiration rate in growing bacteria. | | 1976 | 12649 |
| nitrogenase synthesis in klebsiella pneumoniae: comparison of ammonium and oxygen regulation. | rates of nitrogenase synthesis by klebsiella pneumoniae were measured by pulse-labelling organisms with a mixture of 14c-labelled amino acids followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. populations from an nh4+-repressed, so42--limited chemostat (0.46 mg dry wt ml-1), when released from nh4+ repression, simultaneously synthesized detectable quantities of the three nitrogenase polypeptides 45 min before acetylene-reducing activity was observed. exposure of populat ... | 1978 | 24675 |
| 1, 4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from klebsiella pneumoniae purification, subunit structure and amino acid composition. | 1. a 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from klebsiella pneumoniae has been purified about 80-fold with an over-all yield greater than 35%. the purified enzyme has been shown to be homogeneous by gel electrophoresis at different ph-values, by isoelectric focusing, by dodecylsulfate electrophoresis and by ultracentrifugation. 2. the molecular weight of the native enzyme has been determined to be 180 000 by ultra-centrifugation studies, in good agreement with the value of 189 000 estimated by gel perm ... | 1976 | 12945 |
| involvement of the product of the glnf gene in the autogenous regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in klebsiella aerogenes. | mutations in a site, glnf, linked by p1-mediated transduction of argg on the chromosome of klebsiella aerogenes, result in a requirement for glutamine. mutants in this gene have in all media a level of glutamine synthetase (gs) corresponding to the level found in the wild-type strain grown in the medium producing the strongest repression of gs. the adenylylation and deadenylylation of gs in glnf mutants is normal. the glutamine requirement of glnf mutants could be suppressed by mutations in the ... | 1978 | 25264 |
| transport of cyclitols by a proton symport in klebsiella aerogenes. | the respiration and the atp content of klebsiella aerogenes in the presence of various inhibitors were compared to the transport of scyllo-inositol. the atpase was found to be inhibited by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. the transport has been tested in anaerobiosis and aerobiosis. from the results obtained it is concluded that either atp or respiration can sustain the transport activity in independent manner. 2. the energy derived from the respiratory chain reactions or the atp hydrolysis results in ... | 1977 | 12979 |
| ammonium uptake and metabolism by mitrogen fixing bacteria. ii. klebsiella pneumoniae. | the primary steps of n2, ammonia and nitrate metabolism in klebsiella pneumoniae grown in a continuous culture are regulated by the kind and supply of the nitrogenous compound. cultures growing on n2 as the only nitrogen source have high activities of nitrogenase, unadenylated glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase and low levels of glutamate dehydrogenase. if small amounts of ammonium salts are added continuously, initially only part of it is absorbed by the organisms. after 2-3 h complete ... | 1976 | 13759 |
| 1-n hapa gentamicin b, a new aminoglycoside active against gentamicin resistant isolates--activity compared to other aminoglycosides. | 1-n hapa gentamicin b is a new aminoglycoside active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. among 504 clinical isolates at a concentration of 12.5 microgram/ml all staph. aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus rettgeri, providencia and 78% of pseudomonas, 86% of proteus morganii were inhibited. like other aminoglycosides, the activity was greatest at an alkaline ph and reduced by high cations concentrations. 1-n hapa gentamicin b w ... | 1978 | 27494 |
| the effect of complement depletion on lung clearance of bacteria. | we have investigated the effect of hypocomplementemia on early pulmonary clearance of four species of bacteria. the experiments were performed in an inbred animal model to minimize immunologic variability. complement was depleted by cobra venom factor, and activity in serum was monitored with a phagocytic assay. bacterial specific antibodies were examined by an indirect radioimmunoassay, and animals with high levels of activity were excluded from anaysis. 4 h after aerosolization with streptococ ... | 1978 | 27534 |
| biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from klebsiella aerogenes. | the glutamine synthetase (gs) from klebsiella aerogenes is similar to that from escherichia coli in several respects: (i) it is repressed by high levels of ammonia in the growth medium; (ii) its biosynthetic activity is greatly reduced by adenylylation; and (iii) adenylylation lowers the ph optimum and alters the response of the enzymes to various inhibitors in the gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammagt) assay. there are, however, several important differences: (i) the isoactivity point for the ade ... | 1977 | 14104 |
| regulation of glna messinger ribonucleic acid synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes. | we examined wild-type and mutant strains of klebsiella aerogenes for the relative amounts of ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridizing specifically to deoxyribonucleic acid from a transducing phage carrying glnak, the structural gene for glutamine synthetase. our data showed a positive correlation between the intracellular level of glutamine synthetase and the level of glna messenger rna; we were unable to detect glna messinger rna in strains devoid of glutamine synthetase protein. therefore, it is pos ... | 1977 | 14114 |
| glutamine synthetase of klebsiella aerogenes: genetic and physiological properties of mutants in the adenylylation system. | mutations resulting in defects in the adenylylation system of glutamine synthetase (gs) affect the expression of glna, the structural gene for gs. mutants with lesions in glnb are glutamine auxotrophs and contain repressed levels of highly adenylylated gs. glutamine-independent revertants of the glnb3 mutant have acquired an additional mutation at the glne site. the glne54 mutant is incapable of adenylylating gs and produces high levels of enzyme, even when ammonia is present in the growth mediu ... | 1977 | 14117 |
| which gentamicin assay method is the most practicable? | | 1977 | 14915 |
| factors affecting plate assay of gentamicin. ii. media. | | 1977 | 14916 |
| cross reactions of higher type-specific capsular polysaccharides of klebsiella in antipneumococcal sera. | qualitative and quantitative precipitin reactions are given of the polysaccharides k60, k61, k65, k67-69, k70, k71, k73, and k83, also of depyruvylated k1. as expected, the last reacts more strongly in antipneumococcal (anti-pn) viii and x than does intact k1. k65 and k67 precipitate much of the same large fraction of anti-pnxxiii as does k47, showing that k65 and k67 also possess lateral non-reducing end-groups of l-rhamnose. the massive reaction of k83 in anti-pnii confirms the chemically demo ... | 1977 | 15494 |
| lack of a regulatory function for glutamine synthetase protein in the synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrite reductase in escherichia coli k12. | synthesis of glutamine synthetase (gs) in anaerobic batch cultures of escherichia coli was repressed when excess nh4+ was available, but derepressed during growth with a poor nitrogen source. in wild-type bacteria there was only a weak inverse correlation between the activities of gs and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) during growth in various media. no positive correlations were found between the activities of gs and nitrite reductase, or between gs and cytochrome c552: both of these proteins wer ... | 1977 | 16079 |
| regulation of enzyme synthesis by the glutamine synthetase of salmonella typhimurium: a factor in addition to glutamine synthetase is required for activation of enzyme formation. | in klebsiella aerogenes but not in salmonella typhimurium glutamine synthetase can function during nitrogen-limited growth to increase the rate of synthesis of histidase from the hut genes of s. typhimurium 15-59 (huts. 15-59). formation of proline oxidase is also not increased in nitrogen-limited cultures of s. typhimurium. however, in hybrid strains of escherichia coli or k. aerogenes, the glutamine synthetase of s. typhimurium activates synthesis of histidase from the huts. 15-59 genes. appar ... | 1977 | 16868 |
| a microcalorimetric study of the growth of klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media. | heat output-time records or 'thermograms' produced during the aerobic growth of klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media with growth limiting glucose concentrations of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g dm-3 were obtained using a flow-microcalorimeter fitted with an aerobic cell. these traces are interpreted in terms of the recorded oxygen tension, ph, glucose concentration and bacterial population of the culture. heat output is greatest during the phase of exponential growth, indicating that here the ... | 1976 | 17049 |
| significance of fecal coliform-positive klebsiella. | a total of 191 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of human clinical, bovine mastitis, and a wide variety of environmental sources were tested for fecal coliform (fc) response with the membrane filtration and most probable number techniques. twenty-seven escherichia coli cultures of human clinical and environmental origins were also tested. eighty-five percent (49/58) of known pathogenic k. pneumoniae were fc positive, compared with 16% (19/120) of the environmental strains. e. coli results indicated ... | 1977 | 18086 |
| 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase form klebsiella pneumoniae covalently couple on porous glass. | a simplified procedure for the preparation of 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from klebsiella pneumoniae is described. an 80-fold purification is achieved in two steps with an overall yield of about 50%. the specific activity of the homogeneous enzyme protein is 17.7 units/mg. compared with glycogen phosphorylase from rabbit muscle the enzyme from k. pneumoniae shows a markedly higher stability against deforming and chaotropic agents. the 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase was covalently bound to por ... | 1977 | 19112 |
| antimicrobial activity of human ascitic fluid. | | 1977 | 19339 |
| characterization of salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamine synthetase activity. | a number of glutamine auxotrophs of salmonella typhimurium were isolated and characterized genetically. three of the mutations appear to be closely linked and are complemented by episomes carrying the glna region of escherichia coli. the lesions in these strains are approximately 20% linked by p1 transduction with a mutation in the rha gene, but are unlinked to ilv. another mutation causing glutamine auxotrophy in strain jb674 is genetically distinct from the others. strain jb674 grown in glucos ... | 1977 | 19344 |
| cross-protective immunity to gram-negative bacilli: studies with core glycolipid of salmonella minnesota and antigens of streptococcus pneumoniae. | two immunoprophylactic approaches to the control of infections caused by gramnegative bacilli were evaluated by study of experimental infections in animals. the core glycolipid antigen derived from the re mutant of salmonella minnesota r595 is shared by virtually all enteric bacteria, and immunization with this endotoxin protects against the hemodynamic sequelae of bacterial infection and pyrexia without enhancing intravascular clearance of bacteria. the degree of protection afforded by active a ... | 1977 | 19538 |
| demonstration of cryoprecipitable immune complexes in pneumococcal pneumonia. | cold-insoluble protein complexes (cryoprecipitates) can be found in the serum in a variety of infectious diseases. we studied serum cryoprecipitates isolated from three patients with pneumococcal pneumonia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cep) and immunofluorescent technics for the presence of immune complexes. the cryoprecipitates and supernatant serum were tested for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (pcp) by cep at 37 c and 56 c with the appropriate controls. antibodies against pcp in the ... | 1977 | 19847 |
| interaction of the complex between cloacin and its immunity protein and of cloacin with the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of sensitive cells. | | 1977 | 21081 |
| regulatory mutations in the klebsiella aerogenes structural gene for glutamine synthetase. | glutamine synthetase could be repressed several hundredfold rather than 6- to 10-fold as previously reported. ammonia was not the primary repression signal for glutamine synthetase. repression appeared to be mediated by a high level of glutamine and probably by a high ratio of glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate. mutations in glna (the structural gene for glutamine synthetase) were seen to fall into three phenotypic groups: glutamine auxotrophs that produced no detectable glna product; glutamine au ... | 1977 | 21157 |
| autogenous regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase in klebsiella aerogenes. | we isolated an f' episome of escherichia coli carrying the glna+ gene from k. aerogenes and an f' episome of e. coli carrying the glna4 allele from k. aerogenes responsible for the constitutive synthesis of glutamine synthetase. complementation tests with these episomes showed that the glna4 mutation (leading to the constitutive synthesis of active glutamine synthetase) was in the gene identified by mutations glna20, glna51, and glna5 as the structural gene for glutamine synthetase. by using the ... | 1977 | 21158 |
| energetics of biological nitrogen fixation: determination of the ratio of formation of h2 to nh4+ catalysed by nitrogenase of klebsiella pneumoniae in vivo. | nitrogen fixation (nif)-derepressed mutants of klebsiella pneumoniae consumed, under optimum conditions, 7.5 to 8.5 mol glucose per mol n2 fixed. the nitrogenase system of these mutants catalysed the production of about 1.3 mol h2 per mol n2 reduced. almost one-third of the energy as atp and reductant used by nitrogenase in vivo may be lost in h2 production, since an atp/2e ratio of approximately 4 was obtained. nitrogenase-catalysed h2 production was not substantially suppressed by increasing t ... | 1977 | 22579 |
| catabolic n2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase of klebsiella aerogenes: control of synthesis by induction, catabolite repression, and activation by glutamine synthetase. | klebsiella aerogenes formed two n2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferases (acoat) which were separable by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. one acoat was repressed when the cells grew on arginine-containing medium, indicating its function in arginine biosynthesis. the second acoat was induced when arginine or ornithine was present in the medium as the sole source of carbon or nitrogen, suggesting its function in the catabolism of these compounds. the induced enzyme was purified almost to ... | 1978 | 24039 |
| genetic analysis of the nitrogen fixation system in klebsiella pneumoniae. | fine structure mapping of nif mutations of klebsiella pneumoniae was accomplished by means of pl-transductional crosses and the plasmid r144 drd mediated conjugations. the physical distance between nif mutations based on the percentage of co-transduction with hisd of the nif mutations was estimated. the maximal distance between two mutations was calculated about 3 kb, and the average distance between different nif mutations was about 1 to 2 kb. so no "silent region" was shown within the nif clus ... | 1977 | 24272 |
| the syndrome of post-splenectomy fulminant sepsis. case report and review of the literature. | three years after splenectomy, a middle-aged woman had two separate episodes of fulminant bacterial sepsis. she recovered each time with prompt and appropriate treatment. her immunologic system was examined and found to be normal with respect to antibody formation against diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, granulocyte killing of staphylococci and serum opsonizing activity. granulocytes, bursa-equivalent (b) and thymus-dependent (t) lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were quantitatively normal. sh ... | 1977 | 25019 |
| glutamine synthetase of klebsiella aerogenes: properties of glnd mutants lacking uridylyltransferase. | the glnd mutation of klebsiella aerogenes is cotransducible by phage p1 with pan (requirement for pantothenate) and leads to a loss of uridylytransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme, components of the glutamine synthetase adenylylation system. this defect results in an inability to deadenylylate glutamine synthetase rapidly and in a requirement for glutamine for normal growth. suppression of the glnd mutation are located at the glutamine synthetase structural gene glna. | 1978 | 26659 |
| immuno-stimulation by a ribosomal vaccine associated with a bacterial cell wall adjuvant in humans. | we have studied a new vaccine of ribosomal nature associated with glycoprotein cell walls from klebsiella pneumoniae which served as an immunoadjuvant. thus vaccine was administered by the aerosol route to working men free of any important disease, especially of respiratory disease. a total of 104 men working for the commissariat à l'energie atomique, all volunteers, were randomly placed into two groups. during the first period, 51 patients (group i) were vaccinated three times a week during 5 w ... | 1978 | 27461 |
| homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules. | serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type xxv the other with type viii pneumococcal vaccine. igga, iggb, iggc, igb, igg(t) and igm present among purified pn anti-xxv and pn anti-viii immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. radioimmunodiffusion with 14c-labelled type xxv pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity direc ... | 1978 | 28285 |
| piperacillin: in vitro evaluation. | the in vitro activity of a new semisynthetic penicillin, piperacillin, was determined against 577 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml inhibited 92% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 82% of serratia marcescens, 73% of escherichia coli, 61% of klebsiella spp., and 42% of enterobacter spp. most proteus spp. were extremely susceptible; over 85% were inhibited by 0.10 mug/ml. piperacillin failed to inhibit the growth of gram-negative ... | 1978 | 28694 |
| bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections. | the role of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in the genesis of pneumonia or lung abscess in patients with historical, clinical, and radiologic findings suggestive of aspiration was compared to their role in similar patients without these findings. bacterial specimens were obtained by transtracheal aspiration or thoracentesis. anaerobes were isolated in 100% of the patients who were aspiration-prone as contrasted with only 20% of those who were not. isolation of a single species or no growth ... | 1975 | 28705 |
| electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the redox properties of the molybdenum-iron protein of nitrogenase between +50 and -450 mv. | the midpoint potentials, em, for the oxidation of the characteristic e.p.r. signal with g values near 4.3, 3.7 and 2.01, of the nitrogenase mo-fe proteins from a number of bacteria were measured. they were 0mv for clostridium pasteurianum, -42mv for azotobacter chroococcum and azotobacter vinelandii, -95mv for bacillus polymyxa and -180mv for klebsiella pneumoniae mo-fe proteins at ph 7.9. the oxidations were thermodynamically reversible for the proteins from a. chroococcum, a. vinelandii and k. ... | 1978 | 30448 |
| cyclic pharyngeal lymphoiditis: immunological considerations. | this communication presents the concept that recurrent infections of the lingual tonsils, lateral pharyngeal lymphoid bands and lymphoid follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall, occurring with the same periodicity, is a cyclic clinical and immunological entity. these patients lacked resistance to the normal flora of the nasopharynx and pharynx. they were accordingly treated with a mixed respiratory bacterial vaccine, administered intradermally and according to a formulated program, to improve ... | 1978 | 31128 |
| more on cross-reactions of pneumococci and klebsiella. | earlier studies are extended to the higher-numbered k-types of klebsiella, several of which may now be fitted into the previously found groups. additional correlations between chemical structure and serological specificity are given, not only among the higher k-types, but also for several which were previously uninterpretable because structures were not known at the time. k1, k5, k6, k7 and k56 are shown to form a related group, although the reasons for their cross-reactivities are not always th ... | 1978 | 31760 |
| [bacterial allergy in asthmatic syndromes]. | | 1976 | 31959 |
| a d-serine dehydratase acting also on l-serine from klebsiella pneumoniae. | d-serine dehydratase [ec 4.2.1.14] was purified from a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae 140-fold from crude extract with a yield of 5%. this enzyme catalyzed formation of pyruvate and ammonia not only from d-serine but also from l-serine, and also catalyzed the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia from d-threonine. km values for d-serine, l-serine, and d-threonine were 2.8 mm, 20 mm, and 3.6 mm, respectively. km for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was 2.5 micron. the molecular weight was estimated ... | 1978 | 32169 |
| opportunist lung infections. | | 1979 | 33268 |
| [treatment of bronchitis with cefaclor (panoral) (author's transl)]. | 14 patients from the allergy unit of an outpatient clinic suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 13 outpatients with acute bronchitis were treated with 250 mg cefaclor (panoral) 3 times daily per os for 5 days. 59% of the organisms isolated from cefaclor-sensitive sputum at the time of prominent clinical symptoms were resistent to tetracycline, 53% of them were resistant to penicillin, and 37% were resistant to ampicillin. 12 out of the 14 patients with acute exacerbation of ... | 1979 | 33333 |
| bacterial allergy in allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. | nineteen patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were studied for bacterial allergy with staphylococcus aureus, kelbsiella pneumoniae and diplococcus pneumoniae. allergy skin tests, provocative tests and the migratory inhibition factor were employed. the correlation indicates to the authors that bacterial allergy is more important than bacterial "infection" as a cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma in many instances. this is often overlooked by practicing allergists. | 1979 | 33586 |